apartheid was a policy of racial segregation in south africa
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Apartheidwas a policyof racialsegregationin South Africa.
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The policy of Apartheid beganin 1948 when the Afrikaner-led Nationalist Party dominated South Africanpolitics.
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Afrikaners were descendantsof Dutch immigrants to South
Africa. The first Dutch settlement in South Africa was established in 1652.
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But British
imperialism
eventually led to British
control of South Africa.
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The British and the Boers orAfrikaners, descendants ofthe original Dutch settlers,fought several bloody wars.
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Especially, after diamondshad been found in South African soil.
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Of course, the British imperialistswon given the size and wealth
of the British empire.
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But regardless of the victor,the indigenous people of
South Africa were still deniedtheir land and resources.
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When the British imperialists finally left South Africa, theAfrikaners came to dominatethe South African government.
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The National Party was theParty of the Afrikaners and itwas this party that enacted
Apartheid or “apartness” laws.
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Under this brutal system ofsegregation, black South
Africans were denied accessto white schools, white beaches,white neighborhoods, and even
white-only benches.
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Under the Population Registration Act of 1950, all South Africans
were required to be racially classified as white, black, or
colored.
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In addition, all black SouthAfricans were required to carry pass books containingfingerprints, identificationinformation, a photograph,and whether the individualhad access to whiteneighborhoods.
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Of course, many individualsresisted the apartheid system.
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But those who resisted facedimprisonment, exile, torture,
and even death.
Stephen Biko was murdered bythe South African police in 1977.
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The African National Congress(ANC) was a Black Nationalistorganization founded longbefore apartheid. But it ledthe valiant struggle against apartheid.
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Nelson Mandela emerged as
a leader of the military wing ofthe ANC in the early 1960s.
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In 1964, Nelson Mandelawas imprisoned for treason
and sentenced to life in prison.
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But even with their leaders imprisoned on Robben Island,
the fight against apartheidcontinued.
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Mandela became a symbolof the injustice of the
apartheid system.
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Finally, after twenty-seven yearsin prison, the Afrikaner
government released Mandelafrom prison.
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In 1993, Nelson Mandela andF.W. de Klerk, the
President of South Africa, shared the Nobel Peace Prize.
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With the end of apartheid and free elections for all, Nelson Mandela was elected South African President in 1994.