apa style 7th edition: expanded reference entry examples ...3 magazine article author element date...

1

APA Style – 7th Edition: Expanded Reference Entry

Examples & In-text Citations Below are examples for in-text citation formatting and reference entry construction. You can find additional details about APA Style (7th Edition) through the Brainfuse APA Style Guide – 7th Edition, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7 Ed.) or the official APA style blog.

In-text Citations

In-text citation format should follow the examples provided in Table 1. A mixture of citations with and without page numbers have been provided for reference. Refer to the full Brainfuse APA Style Guide – 7th Edition for additional information.

Table 1

APA Basic In-text Citations Styles with Locations for Direct Quotes

Author type Narrative style Parenthetical style

One Author Yoo (2019) ... (Yoo, 2019).

Two Authors “…” wrote Clay and Martin (2020, para. 4) (Clay & Martin, 2020, para. 4).

Three or More Authors Garcia et al. (2010) stated “…” (pp. 31-32) (Garcia et al., 2010, pp. 31-32).

Organizational Author

(no abbreviation)

University of Chicago (2020) wrote “…”

and “…” (“Institutional History” section).

(University of Chicago, 2020,

“Institutional History” section).

Organizational Author

(with abbreviation)

First Citation

American Psychological Association (APA,

2020) …

(American Psychological

Association [APA], 2020).

All Subsequent Citations APA (2020) … (APA, 2020).

https://www.brainfuse.com/curriculumupload/1579205682683.pdf

http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx

2

Expanded Reference Entry Examples

Generally, APA uses four elements for every reference entry. The order of the elements are noted below.

Author Element Who should be credited

for the work?

Date Element When was the work created

or published?

Title Element What is the work

called?

Source Element Where can the work be

found?

Only the sources you cite in-text should be included on the reference page

The following examples are intended to assist you with your reference page entries. For additional help, consider entering a live tutoring session. Alternatively, consider referring to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th Edition) or the official APA Style blog.

Periodicals

Journal article

Author Element Date Element

Title Element Source Element

Journal Information

DOI or URL

Kraus, D., Vorberger, J., Pak, A., Harley, N.J., Fletcher, B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E.J., Gerike, D.O., Glenzer, S.H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M.J., MacKinnon A.J., McBride, E.E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Roth, M., Saunders A.M., Schuster, A.K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., Doppner, T., & Falcone, R.W.

(2017). Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior conditions.

Nature Astronomy 1(9), 606-611.

https://doi.org/10

.1038/s41550-

017-0219-9

Reference Page Entry:

Kraus, D., Vorberger, J., Pak, A., Harley, N.J., Fletcher, B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E.J., Gerike, D.O.,

Glenzer, S.H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M.J., MacKinnon A.J., McBride, E.E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P.,

Roth, M., Saunders A.M., Schuster, A.K.,. . . Falcone, R.W. (2017). Formation of diamonds in laser-

compressed hydrocarbons at planetary conditions. Nature

Astronomy 1(9), 606-611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0219-9

3

Magazine article

Author Element

Date Element Title Element Source Element

Magazine Information

URL

Daley, J. (2019, August

22).

It may rain

diamonds inside

Neptune and

Uranus.

Smithsonian

Magazine.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/its-raining-diamonds-inside-neptune-and-uranus-180964589/


Daley, J. (2019, August 22). It may rain diamonds inside Neptune and Uranus. Smithsonian Magazine.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/its-raining-diamonds-inside-neptune-and-uranus-

180964589/

Newspaper article

Author Element


Newspaper Information

DOI or URL

Schrute, D. (2019, November 28).

How to prepare beets for your family feast: A beginner’s lesson.

The Scranton Tribune. https://xxxxxxxxxx


Schrute, D. (2019, November 28). How to prepare beets for your family feast: A beginner’s lesson. The

Scranton Tribune. https://xxxxxxxxxx

4

Blog post

Author Element Date Element Title Element Source Element

Blog Name URL

Woods, E. (2020, January 1). Everything I learned after giving up on dating in 2019.

Thought Catalog. https://thoughtcatalog.com/erica-woods/2019/12/everything-i-learned-after-giving-up-on-dating-in-2019/


Woods, E. (2020, January 1). Everything I learned after giving up on dating in 2019. Thought Catalog.

https://thoughtcatalog.com/erica-woods/2019/12/everything-i-learned-after-giving-up-on-dating-in-

2019/

5

Books

Book with author


Publisher Information DOI or URL

Thomas, A. (2017). The hate u give. Harper Collins. https://www.harpercollins.com/childrens/thehateugive-1/


Thomas, A., (2017). The hate u give. Harper Collins. https://www.harpercollins.com/childrens/thehateugive-1/

Book with group author



Publisher Information DOI or URL

American

Psychological

Association.

(2020). Publication manual

of the American

Psychological

Association (7th

ed.).

American Psychological

Association.

[When the author and

publisher are the same,

remove the publisher

information from the

citation.]

https://doi.org/10.1037/

0000165-000


American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association

(7th ed.). https://doi.org.10.1037/000165-000

6

Book with author & editor


Publisher Information

DOI or URL

Horseman, B.J. (2014). One Trick Pony. (Nguyen, D., Ed.).

[Books with both authors and editors

have the editor(s) name after the

title. If no author is mentioned,

editor name goes in the author

element section.]

Penguin Publishing. -


Horseman, B.J. (2014). One Trick Pony. (Nguyen, D., Ed.). Penguin Publishing.

7

Reference Works

Diagnostic manual



Publisher Information DOI

American

Psychiatric

Association.

(2013). Diagnostic and

statistical manual of

mental disorders (5th

ed.).

[When the author and publisher

are the same, remove the

publisher information from the

citation.]

https://doi.org/10.

1176/appi.books.9

780890425596


American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Religious work

Title Element Date Element

Source Element

Publisher Information Other Information

The Arthashastra. (2016). CreateSpace Independent Publishing. (Original work published ca. 275

B.C.E.)


The Arthashastra. (2016). CreateSpace Independent Publishing. (Original work published ca. 275 B.C.E.)

8

Dictionary


Retrieval Date URL

Oxford University

Press.

(n.d.).

Use (n.d.) when no

dates are provided.

The New Grove

dictionary of music

and musicians.

Retrieved Jan 3,

2020, from

https://www.oxford

musiconline.com/gr

ovemusic


Oxford University Press. (n.d.). The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians. Retrieved Jan 3, 2020, from

https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic

Encyclopedia

Author Element


Publisher and Retrieval Information

URL

Okuda, M.,

Okuda, D.,

Mirek, D.

(2016). The Star Trek

encyclopedia, revised

and expanded

edition.

Harper Collins.

Retrieved Jan 3, 2020,

from

https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062371324/the-star-trek-encyclopedia-revised-and-expanded-edition/


Okusa, M., Okusa, D., Mirek, D. (n.d.). The Star Trek encyclopedia, revised and expanded edition. Harper

Collins. Retrieved Jan 3, 2020, from https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062371324/the-star-trek-

encyclopedia-revised-and-expanded-edition/

9

Shakespeare

Author Element

Date Element


Publisher Information Other Information

Shakespeare,

W.

(1968). Comedy of

errors (Foakes,

R.A Ed.).

Arden Shakespeare. (Original work published 1595)

[Include URL if there using a

version of the work online,

don't forget to include original

publication date if accessible.]


Shakespeare, W. (1968). Comedy of errors (Foakes, R.A. Ed.). Arden Shakespeare. (Original work published

1595)

Ancient Greek or Roman

Author Element

Date Element Title/Translator Element

Source Element


URL

Euripidies. (2000). Medea (E.P. Coleridge,

Trans.)

The Internet Classics

Archive.

http://classics.mit.edu/Euripides/medea.html (Original work published 431 B.C.E.)


Euripidies. (2000). Medea (E.P. Coleridge, Trans.) The Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/

Euripides/medea.html (Original work published 431 B.C.E.)

10

Reports

Governmental/Agency Report with author




URL

Federal Elections

Commission.

(2018). Strategic plan, FY

2018-2022.

[When the author

and publisher are

the same, remove

the publisher

information from

the citation.]

https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/FEC_Strategic_Plan_FY_2018-2022.pdf


Federal Elections Commission. (2018). Strategic plan, FY 2018-2022. https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-

content/documents/FEC_Strategic_Plan_FY_2018-2022.pdf

Governmental/Agency Report without author


National Aeronautics and

Space Administration.

(2018). Strategy for human

spaceflight in LEO.


URL

-

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/strategy_for_human_spaceflight_in_leo.pdf


National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2018). Strategy for human spaceflight in LEO.

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/strategy_for_human_spaceflight_in_leo.pdf

11

Press Release



U.S Food and

Drug

Administration.

(2020,

January 2).

FDA finalizes

enforcement policy on

unauthorized flavored

cartridge-based e-

cigarettes that appeal to

children, including fruit

and mint [Press release].


URL

- https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finalizes-enforcement-policy-unauthorized-flavored-cartridge-based-e-cigarettes-appeal-children


U.S Food and Drug Administration. (2020, January 2). FDA finalizes enforcement policy on unauthorized

flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes that appeal to children, including fruit and mint [Press release].

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finalizes-enforcement-policy-

unauthorized-flavored-cartridge-based-e-cigarettes-appeal-children

12

Reviews

Film


Review Source Information

URL

Stevens, W. (2019, October 10). Parasite is the best

movie of the year so

far

[Review of the film

Parasite, by B. Joon-

ho, Dir.]. The

Chicago Tribune.

http://xxxxxxxx


Stevens, W. (2019, October 10). Parasite is the best movie of the year so far [Review of the film Parasite, by B.

Joon-ho, Dir.] The Chicago Tribune. http://xxxxxxxx

Book



URL

Heller, J. (2015, August 4). Fifth season

embraces the scale

and complexity of

fantasy

[note that this entry

is formatted as a

webpage on a

website]

[Review of the book

Fifth Season, by N.K.

Jemisin] NPR.

https://www.npr.org/2015/08/04/427825372/fifth-season-embraces-the-scale-and-complexity-of-fantasy


Heller, J. (2015, August 4). Fifth season embraces the scale and complexity of fantasy [Review of the book Fifth

Season by N.K. Jemisin] NPR. https://www.npr.org/2015/08/04/427825372/fifth-season-embraces-

the-scale-and-complexity-of-fantasy







13

TV series



URL

VanDerWerff, E.T. (2018, July 1). The expanse is an

excellent sci-fi space

opera. But it's

fundamentally a

detective show.

[note that this entry

is formatted as a

webpage on a

website, so the title

element is

italicized.]

[Review of the TV

series episode

“Congregation/Aba

ddon’s Gate,” by T.

Franck, D. Abraham,

N. Shankar, & S.C.

Jones Dir.]. Vox.

[First initials are

written before last

names in source

information]

https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/7/1/17519476/the-expanse-season-3-finale-recap-congregation-abaddons-gate-review


VanDerWerff, E.T. (2018, July 1). The expanse is an excellent sci-fi space opera. But it’s fundamentally a

detective show. [Review of the TV series episode “Congregation/Abaddon’s Gate,” by T. Franck, D.

Abraham, N. Shankar, & S.C. Jones Dir.]. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/7/1/17519476/the-

expanse-season-3-finale-recap-congregation-abaddons-gate-review

14

Data Sets

Data set



DOI/URL

National

Aeronautics and

Space

Administration.

(2020). NASA Exoplanet

Archive [Data set]

National

Aeronautics and

Space

Administration.

Not included if the

same organization

as the author

element

https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/


National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2020). NASA Exoplanet Archive [Data set]

https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/

Unpublished data

Author Element Date Element Description Element

Source Element

Source Information URL

U.S Food and Drug

Administration.

(2018). [Unpublished raw

data of reports of

damaged, defective,

or toxic e-cigarette

products to the

FDA].

U.S Food and Drug

Administration.

-


U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). [Unpublished raw data of reports of damaged, defective, or toxic

e-cigarette products to the FDA].

15

Audiovisual

Film


Production Company URL

Safdie, J., &

Safdie, B.,

[Directors].

(2019,

December 25).

Uncut Gems

[Film].

Elara Pictures; IAC Films;

Sikelia Productions; Scott

Rudin Productions.

[Only include URL if this

is the only location of the

film file that can be

found; not for items that

can be found on multiple

streaming platforms.]


Safdie, J., & Safdie, B., [Directors]. (2019, December 25). Uncut Gems [Film]. Elara Pictures; IAC Films; Sikelia

Productions; Scott Rudin Productions.

TV Series


Production Company

URL

Bob-Waksberg, R.,

Bright, N., Cohen,

S.A., Fetter, B.,

Wiseman, J., Arnett,

W., Paul, A., & Weil,

A. [Executive

Producers].

(2014-present). Bojack horseman

[TV series].

Tornante Company;

ShadowMachine;

Netflix.

-


Bob-Waksberg, R., Bright, N., Cohen, S.A., Fetter, B., Wiseman, J., Arnett, W., Paul, A., & Weil, A. [Executive

Producers]. (2014-present). Bojack horseman [TV series]. Tornante Company; ShadowMachine; Netflix.

16

Episode or webisode


Production Information

URL

Van Patten, T.

(Writer), Winter, T.

(Writer), & Buscemi,

S. (Director).

(2001, May 6). Pine barrens.

(Season 3, Episode

11) [TV series

episode]

In Chase, D., Grey,

B., Green, R.,

Burgess, M.,

Landress, I.S.,

Winter, T., &

Weiner, M., The

Sopranos. Chase

Films; Brad Grey

Television; HBO

Entertainment.

-


Van Patten, T. (Writer), Winter, T. (Writer), & Buscemi, S. (Director). (2001, May 6). Pine barrens. (Season 3,

Episode 11) [TV series episode] In Chase, D., Grey, B., Green, R., Burgess, M., Landress, I.S., Winter,

T., & Weiner, M., The Sopranos. Chase Films; Brad Grey Television; HBO Entertainment.

TED talk



URL

Ronson, J. (2012, March). Strange answers to

the psychopath test

[Video].

TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/jon_ronson_strange_answers_to_the_psychopath_test


Ronson, J. (2012, March). Strange answers to the psychopath test [Video]. TED Conferences.

https://www.ted.com/talks/jon_ronson_strange_answers_to_the_psychopath_test

17

Webinar


Host Information URL

SQL Server Team. (2019, January 15). Introduction to SQL

server 2019

[Webinar].

Microsoft. https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2019/01/15/webinar-introduction-to-sql-server-2019/


SQL Server Team. (2019, January 15). Introduction to SQL server 2019 [Webinar]. Microsoft.

https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2019/01/15/webinar-introduction-to-sql-server-2019/

YouTube (or other streaming) video


Publisher Information URL

Dawson, S. [shane].

Username goes in brackets next to full author name if available.

(2018, August 1). The secret life of Jeffree Star [Video].

YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUf2-sjGqQw


Dawson, S. [shane]. (2018, August 1). The secret life of Jeffree Starr [Video]. YouTube. http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUf2-sjGqQw






18

Audio

Music album

Author Element

Date Element


Recording Label URL

Eilish, B. (2019). When we fall asleep,

where do we go?

[Album].

Darkroom/Interscop

e Records.

[Only include URL if this is

the only location of the

audio file that can be





Eilish, B. (2019). When we fall asleep, where do we go? [Album]. Darkroom/Interscope Records.

Single song



Recording Label URL

Kaytranada. (2019). Puff Lah [Song]. On

Bubba.

[Drop the album

segment of the citation if

no album title is

included.]

RCA Records; Sony

Music.

[Only include URL if this

is the only location of the

audio file that can be





Kaytranada. (2019). Puff Lah [Song] On Bubba. RCA Records; Sony Music.

19

Podcast


Production Company

URL

Koenig, S. (Host). (2014-present). Serial [Audio

podcast].

WBEZ Chicago. https://serialpodcas

t.org


Koenig, S. (Host). (2014-present). Serial [Audio podcast]. WBEZ Chicago. https://serialpodcast.org

Podcast episode

Author Element


Production Company

URL

Gross, T.

(Host).

(2019,

December 19).

Adam Sandler and the Safdie

brothers discuss manic

thriller ‘uncut gems’ [Audio

podcast episode]. In Fresh

air.

[If the episodes are numbered

include in parentheses after

title. Ex: (No. 34)]

NPR. https://www.npr.org/pr

ograms/fresh-

air/2019/12/19/7897504

44/fresh-air-for-dec-19-

2019-adam-sandler-and-

the-safdie-brothers-

discuss-uncut-

gem?showDate=2019-

12-19


Gross, T. (Host). (2019, December 19). Adam Sandler and the Safdie brothers discuss manic thriller ‘uncut

gems’ [Audio podcast episode]. In Fresh air. NPR. https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-

air/2019/12/19/789750444/fresh-air-for-dec-19-2019-adam-sandler-and-the-safdie-brothers-discuss-

uncut-gem?showDate=2019-12-19

20

Speech recording

Author Element



URL

Thunberg, G. (2019, September

23)

Climate activist Greta

Thunberg’s remarks at

the climate action

summit at UN HQ in

NY [Speech audio

recording].

United Nations

News.

https://soundcloud.com/unradio/clip-climate-activist-greta-thunbergs-remarks-at-the-climate-action-summit-at-un-hq-in-ny


Thunberg, G. (2019, September 23). Climate activist Greta Thunberg’s remarks at the climate action summit at

UN HQ in NY [Speech audio recording]. United Nation News. https://soundcloud.com/unradio/clip-

climate-activist-greta-thunberg-remarks-at-the-climate-action-summit-at-un-hq-in-ny

21

Visual

Artwork

Author Element


Museum Information URL

Matisse, H. (1947). The nightmare of the

white elephant (Le

cauchemar d l’éléphant

blanc) [Pochoir].

Museum of Modern Art,

New York, New York,

United States.

https://moma.org/c

ollection/works/105

382?


Matisse, H. (1947). The nightmare of the white elephant (Le cauchemar d l’éléphant blanc) [Pochoir]. Museum

of Modern Art, New York, New York, United States. https://moma.org/collection/works/105382?

Map

Author Element


Retrieval Information

URL

Citymapper

.

(n.d.).

[(n.d.). is given because

the website/map can be

accessed at any time

and is consistently

updated]

[Citymapper

directions for mass

transit from Times

Square to Brooklyn

Bridge New York,

New York, United

States].

Retrieved

Jan 3, 2020,

from

https://citymapper.com/directions?endcoord=40.713065%2C-74.004131&endname=Brooklyn+Bridge+-+City+Hall&lang=en&startaddress=Broadway+%26+7th+Ave%2C+New+York&startcoord=40.75773%2C-73.985708&startname=Times+Square


Citymapper. (n.d). [Citymapper directions for mass transit from Times Square to Brooklyn Bridge New York,

New York, United States] Retrieved Jan 3, 2020, from

https://citymapper.com/directions?endcoord=40.713065%2C4.004131&endname=Brooklyn+Bridge++

City+Hall&lang=en&startaddress=Broadway+%26+7th+Ave%2C+New+York&startcoord=40.75773%2C-

73.985708&startname=Times+Square

22

Infographic

Author/Username Element



Tabletop Whale. (2014). An animated chart

of 42 North

American butterflies

[Infographic].

Tabletop Whale. http://tabletopwhale.com/2014/08/27/42-butterflies-of-north-america.html


Tabletop Whale. (2014). An animated chart of 42 North American butterflies [Infographic]. http://

tabletopwhale.com/2014/08/27/42-butterflies-of-north-america.html

Lecture notes

Author Element

Date Element


Magazine Information URL

Bauer, J. (2010). [Lecture notes on primitive

tool use in early humanity].

Anthropology Department,

Greendale Community College.

https://….


Bauer, J. (2010). [Lecture notes on primitive tool use in early humanity]. Anthropology Department, Greendale

Community College. https://www.gcc.com/student.portal/anthro/43/lecture.html

23

Photograph



Maitre, P. (2019). [Stuck in the desert

beyond Agadez,

Niger, after their

truck broke down,

these migrants who

are hoping to make

it to Libya burn a

tire to keep warm].

National

Geographic.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/best-pictures-2019/


Maitre, P. (2019). [Stuck in the desert beyond Agadez, Niger, after their broke down, these migrants who are

hoping to make it to Libya burn a tire to keep warm]. National Geographic.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/best-pictures-2019/

PowerPoint




URL

Scott, M. (2011) How to inspire your Dunder

Mifflin employees

[PowerPoint slides].

Dunder

Mifflin.

https://dunder-

mifflin.co/services/presentati

ons-scott-inspire-employees/


Scott, M. (2011) How to inspire your Dunder Mifflin employees [PowerPoint slides]. https://dunder-mifflin.co/

services/presentations-scott-inspire-employees/

https://dunder-mifflin.co/services/presentations-



24

Social Media

Tweet

Author Element Date Element Title/Caption Element

Source Element


AP Eastern US

[@APEastRegion].

(2020, January 5). There’s a new

strategy for saving

whales— counting

them from space.

[Thumbnail with

link attached]

[Tweet]

Twitter. https://twitter.com/APEastRegion


AP Eastern US [@APEastRegion]. (2020, January 5). There’s a new strategy for saving whales— counting them

from space. [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet] Twitter. https://twitter.com/APEastRegion

Twitter profile


Retrieval and Source Information

URL

The Associated

Press [@AP].

(n.d.).

Tweets [Twitter

profile].

Twitter. Retrieved

January 3, 2020,

from

https://twitter.com

/AP


The Associated Press [@AP]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Twitter. Retrieved January 3, 2020, from https://

twitter.com/AP

25

Facebook post

Author Element Date Element Caption/Title Element

Source Element


New Urbanist

Memes for Transit-

Oriented Teens.

(2020, January 4). shameless 10

[Image attached].

Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10217067598824578&set=gm.1439181569574793&type=3&theater&ifg=1


New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens. (2020, January 4). shameless 10 [Image attached]. Facebook.

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10217067598824578&set=gm.1439181569574793&type

=3&theater&ifg=1

Facebook page

Author Element Date Element Webpage Title Element

Source Element

Webpage/Retrieval Information

URL

New Urbanist

Memes for Transit-

Oriented Teens.

(n.d.). Home [Facebook

page].

[Title should locate

which section of the

page you are citing]

Facebook. Retrieved

January 3, 2020,

from

https://www.facebook.com/groups/whatwouldjanejacobsdo/


New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens. (n.d). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January

3, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/whatwouldjanejacobsdo/

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10217067598824578&set=gm.1439181569574793&type=3&theater&ifg=1







26

Instagram photo

Author Element



National

Aeronautics

and Space

Administration

[@nasahubble]

(2020, January 5). This new multi

wavelength image of the

Crab Nebula combines x-

ray light from Chandra x-

ray observatory and

infrared light from

[Photograph].

[Only use the first 20

words from social media

posts]

Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B68ypoUncdX/


National Aeronautics and Space Administration [@nasahubble] (2020, January 5). This new multi wavelength

image of the Crab Nebula combines x-ray light from Chandra x-ray observatory and infrared light from

[Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B68ypoUncdX/

Online forum

Author/Username Element



brennandrew. (2020, January 5). Got myself a gator

[Image attached]

[Online forum post].

Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/reddeadredemption/comments/ekc0hk/got_myself_a_gator/


brennandrew. (2020, January 5). Got myself a gator [Image attached][Online forum post]. Reddit.

https://www.reddit.com/r/reddeadredemption/comments/ekc0hk/got_myself_a_gator/

https://www.instagram.com/p/B68ypoUncdX/



27

Webpages & Websites

News website - webpage


Newspaper Information

URL

Mandelbaum, R.F. (2019, December

16).

All the species

declared extinct this

decade.

Gizmodo. https://gizmodo.com/all-the-species-declared-extinct-this-decade-1840325660


Mandelbaum, R.F. (2019, December 16). All the species declared extinct this decade. Gizmodo. https://

gizmodo.com/all-the-species-declared-extinct-this-decade-1840325660

Group website – webpage


Webpage Information

URL

U.S. Food and Drug

Administration.

(2019, December

26).

Lung illnesses associated with use of vaping products: information for the public, FDA actions, and recommendations.

U.S Food and Drug

Administration.

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/lung-illnesses-associated-use-vaping-products


U.S Food and Drug Administration. (2019, December 26). Lung illnesses associated with use of vaping

products: information for the public, FDA actions, and recommendations. https://www.fda.gov/news-

events/public-health-focus/lung-illnesses-associated-use-vaping-products

https://gizmodo.com/all-the-species-declared-extinct-this-decade-1840325660











28

Legal

Court cases & decisions

Author Element Case/Code Information Element

Source Element

Court Case Information URL

Apple Inc. v.

Pepper,

587 U.S. ___ (2019). Use page numbers whenever

possible from Reports for Supreme

Court cases. For cases that have not

been published yet, use three

underscores and case number from

the Supreme Court Reporter.

[Please see specific rules for

citations across state, local, and

country lines]

https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/18pdf/17-204_bq7d.pdf


Apple Inc. v Pepper, 587 U.S. ___ (2019). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/18pdf/17-204_bq7d.pdf

Laws & acts

Author Element Code Element Date Element URL

Pallone-Thune Telephone

Robocall Abuse Criminal

Enforcement and

Deterrence Act,

47 U.S.C. 227

[Individual citation rules apply

to different local, state, and

federal government references,

please check specific rules]

(2019). https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s151/text


Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act, 47 U.S.C. 227 (2019).

https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s151/text

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