apa oct 2010 strong roots sustainable communities

8/3/2019 APA Oct 2010 Strong Roots Sustainable Communities

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s t r ong r oo t s

s us t a ina b l ec ommunit ie s

ut a h c h a pt e r a pa f a l l c onf e r e nc eo c t o b e r 1 , 2010

c r a ig d . g a l l i


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Characteristics of StrongLivable Communities

Affordable Housing

Economic Opportunities

Education

Cultural Amenities

Aesthetically Pleasing Built Environment

Protection of Natural Environment

Transportation Choices

Celebration of Ethnic Diversity

Careful Attention to Land Use Planning


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After arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, a recording fee of$1.50 bought this pioneer family a parcel of land

AFFORDABLE HOUSING


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Education

[I]mprove every opportunity ofsecuring at least a copy of every

valuable treatise on educationeverybook, map, chart, or diagram thatmay contain interesting, useful, and

attractive matter, to gain the attentionof children, and cause them to love tolearn to read. Brigham Young


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Within a few years of settling the valley, the SaltLake community boasted a civic theater,orchestra, brass band, and civic choir.

CULTURAL AMENITIES

Social Hall Avenue

Erected 1852


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The earth was made for man; and one man was not

made to trample his fellowman under his feet, and enjoyall his heart desires, while the thousands suffer. We will

take a moral view, a political view, and see the inequalitythat exists in the human family. Brigham Young


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Environmental Stewardship

There is only so much property in the

world. There are the elements thatbelong to this globe, and no more. . . .[A]ll our commercial transactions

must be confined to this little earthand its wealth cannot be increased ordiminished. Brigham Young 1865


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Reed Smoot - Conservationist

As Chair of the Senate Committee onPublic Lands U.S. Senator (and Apostle)Reed Smoot sponsored legislation to:

- Establish National Forests alongthe Wasatch Front

- Expand the jurisdiction of the U.S.Forest Service

- Establish the National Park Service

- Create national parks (Zion NP and

Bryce Canyon NP) and a nationalmonument (Cedar Breaks NationalMonument)

- Impose royalties on utilities thatgenerate energy on public lands


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Build At t r act ive Communit ies

[M]ake beautiful everything around you.

Build cities, adorn your habitations, makegardens, orchards, and vineyards, andrender the earth so pleasant that whenyou look upon your labors you may do sowith pleasure, and that angels may delightto come and visit your beautiful locations.

Brigham Young 1860


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J ohn Muir 1877Most of the houses are veiled withtrees, as if set down in the midstof one grand orchard. [Homes]

are set well back from the street, leavingroom for a flower garden, while almostevery one has a thrifty orchard at the sides

and around the back. Lilacs and tulipsare the most characteristic flowers, andnowhere have I seen them in greater

perfection.


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What about ethnic diversity?


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Ethnic Diversity in Utah

[I]n 1870, more than 35% of all Utahresidents had been born in foreigncountries. Immigrants children soon

outnumbered the immigrants themselves,and immigrants and their children made uptwo-thirds of Utahs population in 1890.

Allan Kent Powell, Utah History Encyclopedia, Immigration to Utah (1999)


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Ethnic Diversity in Salt Lake City

As Salt Lake City took shape in the 1850s,the neighborhoods reflected economic andethnic diversity. Neighborhoods had a

remarkably diverse and polyglotpopulation. By 1870, with the influx offoreign-born Mormon converts, mostly

British and Scandinavian, over 65 percentof Salt Lake residents were foreign born.


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Brigham Young on Ethnic Diversity

Into whatever neighborhood you gothroughout these valleys in the mountains,amid the great variety of nationalities, withall their different habits and traditions, youfind the warmest affection pervading the

people. Brigham Young 1860


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19th Century Contributions of Non-LDS Immigrants

During the 1890s, the new immigrants

from southern and eastern Europe playedan increasingly important role in Utahsdeveloping mining industry, railroads, and

mills. They came from Greece, Italy,

Japan, China, Serbia, Albania,

Lebanon.

Photos courtesy of Utah Department ofCommunity and Culture


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What about transportationoptions in early Utah?


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Legacy of Wide St r eet s


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Mule Drawn Trolley Car 1879

TRANSPORTATION CHOICES


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Salt Lake City Main St r eet Trolley 1902


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SALT LAKE TROLLEY SYSTEM


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Bamberger RailroadInterurban System


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Affordable Housing


Education

Cultural Amenities

Aesthetically Pleasing Built Environment


Transportation Choices

Celebration of Ethnic Diversity



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Were these urban characteristics anddesign an accident?

What are the urban planning roots ofSalt Lake City?


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Gr eat Salt Lake City Plat
http://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/rigal_cellard_bernadette/et_vous_ferez_fleurir/et_vous_ferez_fleurir_figures.html


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Gr eat Salt Lake City Pla t City of Zion Pla t 1833


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Physical Configur at ion

1. Compact Design(2,600 one-half acrelots to accommodate 20,000 people)

2. Grid Layout3. Urban Village Design(city center)

4. Wide Streets(arterial-132 ft; other-83 ft)

5. Buffer of Agricultural Lands


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Early Utah Towns Most Distinctive CharacteristicTown Center with Wide Streets and Grid

Salt Lake City Clarkston, Utah 1864 Plat


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Margin Notes

Urban Community: [L]et everyman live in the city for this is thecity of Zion.

Compact Urban Design: Whenthe square is thus laid off and

supplied, lay off another in thesame way, and so fill up the worldin the last days.


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Benefit s of Ur ban Life

in a Zion Community

The farmer and hisfamily, therefore, willenjoy all the advantages

of schools, public lectures and other meetings.His home will no longer be isolated, and hisfamily denied the benefits of society, which hasbeen, and always will be, the great educator ofhuman race; but they will enjoy the sameprivileges of society, and can surround theirhomes with the same intellectual life, the samesocial refinement as will be found in the home ofthe merchant or banker or professional man.

Joseph Smith


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Social Capital

[I]nteraction enables people tobuild communities, to commit themselvesto each other, and to knit the social fabric.A sense of belonging and the concreteexperience of social networks (and the

relationships of trust and tolerance thatcan be involved) can, it is argued, bringgreat benefits to people.

Robert Putnam


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Mission Statement

Envision Utah engages people to create and sustain

communities that are beautiful, prosperous, healthyand neighborly for current and future residents.

Quality Growth Strategies

Create more walkable communities

Preserve critical lands and park space

Develop a region-wide transit system

Foster "transit-oriented development"

Restructure water bills to encourage conservation


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CITY OF ZION: QUALITY GROWTH PRINCIPLES:

PHYSICAL DESIGN PHYSICAL DESIGNCompact Design Compact BuildingGrid Layout Walkable Neighborhoods

Urban Village Design Mixed Use

Buffer of Agricultural Lands Open Space

Use existing facilities Infill Development

CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICSCommunity Collaboration Encourage Stakeholders

Attractive Communities Historic Preservation

Emphasis on Education Quality Education

Tolerance for Others Celebrate Diversity

Caring for the Poor Job Creation/Centers

Conservation of Natural Resources Preserve Sensitive Areas


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1996 National Planning Landmark Award

The P l a t o f t he C i ty o f Z ion , i n co rpora tedi n a r em a rkab l e t r ea t is e on u rban des ignadd ressed to the leade r sh ip o f t he Chu rcho f Jesus Ch r is t o f La t t e r -day Sa in t s byJoseph Sm i th on Jun e 25 , 18 33 , gu i ded t hedeve l opm en t o f ove r 500 se t t lem en t s int he In t e rm oun ta i n W es t , e s t ab lish i ng acon t inu i ng com m i tm en t t o t he bu i ld i ng o fw e l l-p l anned and cu l t u ra l ly nu r tu r i ngc i t ies.


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What happened to the ideal of

building a Zion Community?


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May 10, 1869 Promontory Point


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POPULATION SHIFT

In 1880 there were zero real estate agentsand developers in Utah.

By 1888 there were 75.


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Edmunds-Tucker Act of 1887


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George Q. Cannons Lament 1889

We have been called to gather, not toscatter.; not to spread out all over

creation and become so thin and so weak thatthere is no strength or power with us. Weshould concentrate ourselves and combine our

efforts, and not look to the ends of the earth andsee how much is going to waste that we aremissing. [T]here are a great many people whoseem to have that idea in earnest, and becausethere are large tracts of land of which they hear in

remote valleys they are anxious to strike out andtake possession for fear that somebody else willget them. This is not wise. We can grow fastenough right along here in these valleys which arealready occupied, by making use of the facilities

within our reach.

W t ti l i th Cit f Zi d i b t th it


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We starting losing the City of Zion design but the citybecame beautiful and architecture flourished

City Beautiful Movement (1893-1918)

When Americans consciously

decided to make something betterof their cities and towns; whenthey rediscovered the notion of

civic space and the principles ofcivic art. James Howard Kunstler, Home from Nowhere


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Salt Palace 1899-1910


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City County Building 1894


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Saltair 1893


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Cathedral of the Madeleine 1909


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What happened to the original

transit system?


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DEMISE OF MASS TRANSIT

In 1941 the last streetcar in Salt LakeCity was decommissioned


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Triumph of the Automobile


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ANTI-TRUST CONVICTIONSIn 1947, the U.S. Supreme Courtruled against a consortium of

automobile, tire, and oil companies prosecuted

under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act fordismantling the mass transit systems of SaltLake City and forty-three other citieslocated in sixteen states in order to gain a

monopoly on transportation.United States v. National City Lines, Inc., 334 U.S. 575, 556 n.3 (1947).


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How well do our citiesand towns along the

Wasatch Front reflectthe original urban design

contemplated in the Cityof Zion plat?

P t D i


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Post-DepressionPost-World War II


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Auto-Dependent Development

Utahs First Mall - Cottonwood Mall 1963


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Auto-Dependent Development


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JUDGMENT OF SOME

MODERN OBSERVERS


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HISTORIAN CHARLES S. PETERSON 1979

Whether in the satellite communitiesor the large centers of the WasatchFront the problems of urban sprawl

and industrialization are very muchwith Utahns today. Prime farmgrounds are devoted to parking lots

and subdivisions. Pollution and manyof the social problems that attendurban growth are part of the scene.


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Is this too harsh?

A few facts and observations

LOSS OF PRIME AGRICULTURAL LANDS


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LOSS OF PRIME AGRICULTURAL LANDS600 ACRES EACH YEAR


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PAINFUL RECOGNITION


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Growth in travel, population and highway capacity

Sources: WFRC, MAG, U.S. Census, GOPB, UDOT

0

20

40

60

80

100120

140

160

180

200

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Vehicle Miles Traveled: 182%

Population: 112%

Highway Capacity: 15%

INCREASED CONGESTION


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http://www.wfrc.org/cms/image_library/ImageLibrary/Traffic%20Congestion/2/lg/Traffic_Congestion_-_Salt_Lake_City__7_.htm


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TRANSPORTATION COSTS

Transportation costs accountfor 18% of all household

expensesMost families spend more on

transportation each year thanon food, education or healthcare

At Ri k I f t t


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At Risk Infrastructure


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AIR POLLUTION
http://www.wfrc.org/cms/image_library/ImageLibrary/Air%20Quality/2/lg/Air_Quality,_Poor_-_Salt_Lake_City__3_.htm


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UTAH WATER CONSUMPTION

UTAHS PER CAPITAWATER CONSUMPTIONIS SECOND ONLY TO

NEVADASOURCE: USGS

Mill Creek


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LACK OF

AFFORDABLE

HOUSINGWhere will our youngpeople live?

Price Increase: 170% since 1985 Kelly Matthews Wells Fargo Bank warns

that Utahs high home prices are

becoming out of reach of many buyers.SOURCE: Leading the Pack: Utah is 1st in Nation in House-Price Appreciation Des. News (6/01/07)


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Urban Blight Gray Fields


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Urban Blight

DEAD DAIRY QUEEN NEIGHBORHOOD GROCERY

New Urban Blight


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gA land made up of places not worth caring aboutwill sooner or later become a nation not worthdefending (or a way of life not worth carrying on).

James Howard Kunstler

NATURES URBAN


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GROWTHBOUNDARIES

ALONG THEWASATCH FRONT

WE DONT HAVE MUCHROOM TO GROW

UNLIKE DENVER,PHOENIX AND MANY

OTHER CITIES.

WE MUST PLANCAREFULLY TO USE

THE REMAINING LANDWE HAVE!

Utah Law Requires Each Municipality


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Utah Law Requires Each Municipalityto Have a General Plan

10-9a-401. General plan required -- Content.(1) In order to accomplish the purposes of

this chapter, each municipality shall prepareand adopt a comprehensive, long-range generalplan for:

(a) present and future needs of themunicipality; and

(b) growth and development of all or any partof the land within the municipality.

Where is the Salt Lake City
http://www.le.utah.gov/UtahCode/getCodeSection?code=10-9a-401http://www.le.utah.gov/UtahCode/getCodeSection?code=10-9a-401


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Where is the Salt Lake CityComprehensive or General Plan?

Your search - "salt lake citycomprehensive plan" - did not match anydocuments.

Oops it does not exist.

In SLC we have disjointed and outdated area

master plans. We have good city planners but they lack

support and a mandate for comprehensiveplanning.

Some Utah Municipalities Have a


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Some Utah Municipalities Have aGeneral Plan


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It is Salt Lake Countys desire to continue todevelop relationships with the 16 municipalitiesand suggest ways to work more closely together

without placing compulsory requirements oncities. Salt Lake County believes that alternativemodes of transit and uniform standardsthroughout the County will benefit the region as

a whole.

Can we be regionally competitive


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g y pwithout good planning?

Too Much Competition Between Municipalities and


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Too Much Competition Between Municipalities andZoning for Dollars Goes on in Utah


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ARE WE MAKING

PROGRESS?Do we know what to do?

Absolutely!


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IMPROVED COLLABORATION

ENVISION UTAH


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ENVISION UTAH

D Ri i C ll b i


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Downtown Rising Collaboration

Support for Transit from Business Community


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Support for Transit from Business Community

Formed 2015 Transportation alliance: The Salt Lake Chamber helpedform the 2015 Alliance, a business consortium created to advocate

increased funding for both highways and transit. Under the Alliance, localand state elected officials, planning organizations, transportation plannersand other stakeholders partnered in an unprecedented fashion to identifycritical highway and transit needs and develop viable funding solutions. In2006, at the urging of the Chamber and the Alliance, the Wasatch FrontRegional council and the Mountainland Association of Governmentsidentified a first phase transportation need of $6.2 billion to build criticalprojects by 2015, $4.1 billion in highway projects and $2.1 billion in transitprojects.

S f TRAX
http://www.saltlakechamber.org/policy/stimulus/http://www.saltlakechamber.org/policy/stimulus/


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Success of TRAX

TRAX currently adds theequivalent of two lanes on I-15

90% of residents have afavorable impression of TRAX

More than 60% of residentsused transit last year

Ridership growing faster thanpopulation and VMT

Commuter Rail


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Project Overview

43-mile corridor Nine proposed stations

Single track with passing sidings

Maintenance at previous UP facility

Diesel locomotive, push-pull

Scheduling & Operations Operate from 5:30 a.m. 11:00 p.m.

20 minute peak / 40 minute off-peak frequencies Exclusive UTA track maximizes schedule flexibility

Commuter RailPhase 1 SLC to Ogden Spring 2008Phase 2 SLC to Provo Spring 2012


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QUALITY GROWTH PRINCIPLES

Local Responsibility

State Leadership

Economic DevelopmentEfficient Infrastructure Development

Housing Opportunity

Conservation Ethic

WFRC WASATCH CHOICE FOR 2040


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Over the next 30 years, theWasatch Front urban area of Weber,

Davis and Salt Lake Counties willadd 814,000 new residents, a 50%increase.

[T]he Vision and its growthstrategies will result in less trafficcongestion when compared tocurrent growth patterns. There willalso be less open space consumedby development. These, along withimproved air quality and other lesstangible benefits in the area ofsustainability and greeninfrastructure will result in a more

livable community for all.

Brownfields Developments


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Brownfields Developments

Midvale Slag Superfund Site Then and Now

B ingham Junc t i on


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N O R T H W E S TQ U A D R A N T

CR E A T I N G A S U S T A I N A B L E COMMUNITY

Utah Clean Cities


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Utah Clean Cities

Salt Lake City Riparian Ordinance


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Salt Lake City Riparian Ordinance
http://www.slcgreen.com/default.htm


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Climate ChangeSalt Lake City Corporations goal is to reduce GHG emissionsby 3% per year for the next 10 years, with a long-term goal ofreducing emissions 70% by 2040

Other CampaignsIdle Free UtahReusable Bag CampaignExpedited Plan Review for Green BuildingsSustainable Code Revision

Project Recycle Market Development ProgramBottled Water
http://www.slcgreen.com/default.htm


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Where do we go from here?

Got growth? Growth is good!


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g gBut how do we manage it?

POPUL ATION FORECAST

Local and Regional Transportation and LandU Ch i D t i O t


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Use Choices Determine Outcomes

Transforming Into Sustainable Cities


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Transforming Into Sustainable Cities

1. Energy Conservation

2. Water Conservation

3. High Density and Infill Development4. Local Food Production

5. Enhanced Transportation & Connectivity

1 Energy Conservation


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3. High Density and Infill


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Density is Not a Dirty WordCENTERVILLE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION


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Local residents (60 percent ) told interviewers they preferred the rurallife-style and less complicated life of Woods Cross to city life in Salt LakeCity or Bountiful. High-density housing and industrial complexes haveconsistently been defeated when proposed as developments for the city.

From Real Estate Advertisement for Woods Cross

Current Mayor Michael Deamer, who ran on a low-density platform, says,''There's a reason why there isn't anything like (an urban village) in Utahand it's because it is not conducive to our culture.''

Centerville Rejects Village Center Plan Near Transit Station in Favor of Walmart

CENTERVILLE CITY PLANNING COMMISSIONMINUTES OF MEETING

Wednesday, October 27, 1999 7:00 p.m.High-density housing is needed because Utah housing prices have risendramatically. Young people entering the housing market and elderly peopleon fixed incomes are left out of the housing and rental market. High-densityhousing consumes the smallest amount of new land, thus allowing morepublic green space. Mass transit can accommodate more of the populationbecause they will be concentrated in one place. A crime study found thatpolice do not visit apartments any more than they visit homes.

4 Local Food Production


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4. Local Food Production

Victory Gardens


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y

Gardens produced 40% ofvegetables consumed inthe United States duringWorld War II

5. Enhanced Transportation andConnectivity


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Connectivity

Is this the ultimate goal?


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Is this the ultimate goal?

Affluenza


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The Epidemic of Overconsumption

Edward O. Wilson


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OUR LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION IS NOT SUSTAINABLE

Good News: The earth is still productiveenough and human ingenuity creative enough

not only to feed the world now but also to raisethe standard of living of the population projectedto at least the middle of the twenty-first century.

Bad News: For every person in the world toreach present U.S. levels of consumption withexisting technology would require four moreplanet Earths.

Can we forget about the rest of the


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world because it does not affect us?

Desertification


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2006 NASA Photos


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2006 NASA Photosof Chinese Dust Clouds

Desertificationand fugitive dust

in China now

cause air pollutionin the United States

Global environmental problems threaten


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national security and world peace

-- not to mention human sufferingEnvironmentaldegradation

contributes todisplacing up to10 million peopleper year.

Institute for Environment and Human Security

Rural Environmental Degradation


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Urban Poverty/Political Instability

Pakistan Flood August 2010


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Pakistan Flood August 2010

Fear that millions of displacedP ki t i ill t liti l


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Pakistanis will create political

instability and turn to radicalism


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What does this have to do

with planning and us?

Where do the worlds poor live? 75% of theworlds poorest people (1 billion) live in cities


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world s poorest people (1 billion) live in cities

THE CHALLENGE OF URBANIZATION INDEVELOPING COUNTRIES


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DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

As of 2007, for the first time in history, themajority of people live in urban areas.Throughout most of the developing world, thiswill result in larger slum populations.

Mumbai, India

90% of growth in next 20 years willi b f i


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occur in urban areas of poor nations

World Growth Is Occurring inD l i C i Al C


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Developing Countries Along Coasts

Increase in Coastal Pollution


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Increase in Coastal Pollution

INCREASE IN GLOBAL SLUMS


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The health risks for people living in slum-like conditions will come from every corner and will include

increased mortality rates from heat waves; higher risk of exposure to flash floods, mudslides and

landfalls; and more frequent exposure to waterborne and infectious diseases.

CNN, All About Developing Cities and Pollution (Mar. 17, 2008)

Lack of Sanitation IndiaF d ll i d i i h b fi l $ f d d f


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For every dollar spent on improved sanitation, the benefit equals $9 from decreased cost ofhealth care and increased productivity. Forbes, The Worlds Dirtiest Cities (Feb. 26, 2008)

Lack of Potable Water


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Lack of Potable Water

Wealth-Poverty GapN i b hi did f h d h i h


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Never in urban history did so many of the poor do so much with solittle, and never before did so few rich do so little with so much.Winston Churchill

The US Patterns of Consumption areU t i bl N ti ll Gl b ll


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Unsustainable Nationally or Globally

By every measurable standard, the USconsumption is increasing and becoming moreunsustainable

Per capita energy consumption

Per capita disposal of solid waste

Per capita consumption of paper

VMT

VHT Size of homes

Size of lots

Increasing Inequality


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Increasing Inequality

Entrance to typicalGated Community inLatin America

60% of Mexico Citys 20

million people live inillegal and informalhousing.

Orange County, Orange County,C lif i Chi


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California China


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WHAT ARE THE TAKE AWAYS?

1. Good planning matters


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Good p a g atte s

2. We are growing in anon s stainable manner


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non-sustainable manner



3. High Density and InfillDevelopment

4. Local Food Production

5. EnhancedTransportation &Connectivity

3. We can look to our historic roots for inspiration onthe values and higher density design we need for the future


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City of Zion Plat 1833 Salt Lake City Transit Map 1919



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Livable Communities

Affordable Housing Economic Opportunities

Education

Cultural Amenities Aesthetically Pleasing Built Environment


Transportation Choices Celebration of Ethnic Diversity


t h a nk y ou!


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