apa documentation: incorporating in-text citations and creating a reference list
DESCRIPTION
Covers integrating parenthetical citations and creating references for a Web site, a book, a print journal article, and an electronically accessed journal article. DOIs are covered.TRANSCRIPT
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APA Documentation
Created by Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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Learning Outcomes
Integrate an APA parenthetical (in-text) citation into the body of your paper.
Write a full reference in APA format for an article, book, and Web site.
Incorporate knowledge of DOIs into references.
Know where to find support materials.
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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I. APA Basics
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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Paper Format
1-inch margins; double-space textTitle page contains the paper’s title,
writer’s name, and school’s name, double-spaced and centered, plus a “Running head:” at the top left.
The Running head with page number appears on every page in the upper right margin. In Word, use the Header & Footer function to set this up. Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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APA Sample Title PageDNA Problems 1
Running head: DNA PROBLEMS
Problems with Collecting DNA
Evidence at Crime Scenes
Sarah McCarthy
Sacramento City College
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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In-text Citations
Also called parenthetical or internal citations.
APA in-text citations contain author’s last name and year of publication: (Smith, 55).
They are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence:
Jordon and Block (2001) found that incarcerated juveniles had less recidivism when they participated in creative writing courses.
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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References
The Reference list is the final page(s) of your paper.
It is entitled References, which is centered at the top of the page.
References contain full citations (complete bibliographic information) of sources you referred to in your paper.
It contains only material referred to in your paper.Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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Sample References Page
DNA Problems 7
ReferencesBellefeuille, J., Bowen, K., Dixon, P.,
Hanniman, J., Hillier, E., Lama, D.,…Yamashita, D. (2003). Crime scene DNA collection: Research and practical considerations. Journal of Forensic Identification, 53(6), 729-734. Retrieved from http://www.theiai.org/publications/jfi.php
Yount, L. (2007). Forensic science: From fibers to fingerprints. New York: Facts on File, Inc.
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Elements of References
The essential elements of a full APA Reference:
Book: author’s last name & first initial, date of publication, title, city of publication, and the publisher.
Article: author, date, title of article, journal name, volume, issue, pages, DOI (digital object identifier, if available).
Web Site: author, date listed on page or n.d. if no date listed, title of Web page, and the phrase Retrieved from with the URL (Internet address) following that.
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APA Sample Papers
Sample APA Paper with Labeled Parts
Sample APA Paper Easy View
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II. Integrating In-text CitationsCite your sources gracefully.
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Use Phrases and Action VerbsUse introductory phrases:
In a 2002 study,… According to Jones & Feingold, Recent findings (Jones, Jakeman, &
Marca, 2002; Lind & Ortega, 2006) indicate that…
Use research-oriented verbs such as discovered, proved, indicated, asserted, found, and noted. Garcia (2006) asserts that… Stutz (2009) found that... Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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Incorporate with Introductions
Introduce authors and their findings in a sentence with publication date in parentheses immediately after authors’ names: In a ground-breaking study, Smith and
Stephenson (1987) discovered that prolonged cocaine use creates permanent structural changes in the brain.
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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Summarize & Cite
Summarize key point and cite the source at end of the sentence: Children who were never read to as babies
have a more difficult time listening to stories as preschoolers than those who were read to at least 15 minutes per day (Jones, Jakeman, & Marca, 1998).
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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More Brief Examples
In a 1987 (Smith & Stephenson) study, cocaine was found to create
permanent changes in the brain.In a ten-year study, Jones, Jakeman,
and Marca (1998) discovered that
children…Marcel, Lipman, and Bjork (2009)
noted that even when…Janes (2005), Golski (1999), and
Rogers (1999) all found that…Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS
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III. Reference ListIn-text Citations Direct Readers to References.
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APA Sample “References”
Book (one author):Lockhart, G. (2000).
Neurophysiological theory of addiction. New York: Columbia Press.
Journal Article, print:Millam, D. (1992). Starting I.V.s: How
to develop your venipuncture expertise. Nursing, 22(9), 33-48.
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DOI: Digital Object Identifier Articles located in electronic format need
an extra element in their reference called a DOI.
DOI is a combination of numbers and sometimes letters that create a persistent (permanent) link to an electronic resource.
Often listed on the first page of an article or on its abstract page in a library database.
If available, copy and paste it into your References.
If unavailable, look it up at crossref.org’s Free DOI Lookup or list the journal’s Internet address instead.
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DOI on Article’s Title Page
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DOI
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APA Sample “References”
Journal Article from Database with DOI:
Keltner, N., & Wilson, D. (2009). Biological perspectives. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 45(4), 292-296. doi:10.1111/j.1744-
6163.2009.00231.x.
No DOI listed in database? Quickly locate DOIs at crossref.org. Mouse over Researchers tab and select Free DOI Name Lookup. Scroll down to Search on Article Title and enter title.
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APA Sample “References”
Journal Article from database without DOI:
Smitherman, T. & Thompson, J. (2002). “Writing Our Stories”: An anti-violence creative writing program. Journal of Correctional Education, 53(2), 77-83. Retrieved from http://static.ashland.edu/centers/gill/edjournal
Here, a simple Internet search located the journal’s URL, which was used instead of a DOI.
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APA Sample “References”
Web Site:Paddock, C. (2009). 15 cigarettes
equal one DNA mutation. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/174409.php
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APA Resources
The Online Writing Lab at Purdue: APA Formatting and Style Guide
American Psychological Association: www.apastyle.org Scroll down to the “Most Popular” section.
University of Maryland University College Library
Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, 6th Edition, available at libraries and book stores.
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Formatting Tools
EBSCOHost databases and others offer citation formatting. Look for the Citation and Cite icons.
http://www.noodletools.com Formats citations into APA or MLA styles.
http://citationmachine.net Formats citations into APA, MLA,
Turabian, and Chicago styles.Double-check the results for accuracy.
Margaret Keys, MA, MLIS