ap world history mr. charnley. nation-state cultural homogeneity citizen loyalty common language and...
TRANSCRIPT
AP World History
Mr. Charnley
Western Europe and Russia
Nation-StateCultural homogeneity
Citizen loyaltyCommon language and culture
Political divisionProtestant ReformationThirty Years’ WarSeven Years’ War
Consent of the governed
Nation-State
Political Reform1600-1750Rise of scienceCollapse of
feudalismReligious Warfare
Thirty Years’ WarWeakened power of
church and nobilityIncreased power of
monarchs
Absolute Monarchy
FranceDissolved assembliesDestroyed castles of
nobilityCreated bureaucracyProfessional military
Absolute Monarchy
Louis XIVThe ‘Sun King’“I am the state”Promoted arts and sciencesPalace of VersaillesMercantilism
Promote domestic economy and taxation
Avoid trade with foreign nationsColonies provide raw materials
to, and trade exclusively with, mother country
Religious persecutionRevoked Edict of Nantes
Absolute Monarchy
Spain Imitated French modelTight control over Latin
AmericaPrussia
Eastern GermanyStrong army and bureaucracyFrederick I the Great
Austria-HungaryHabsburgsPushed Ottoman Empire out of
EuropeMaria Theresa
Reformed education, military, economy
Promoted agriculture and trade
Absolute Monarchy
Political ReformMonarchs shared power with representative
assembliesCentralized stateAssemblies made up of nobility and wealthy elites
Representative bodies designed to protect interests of the citizens
Revolts could overthrow bad rulers
Parliamentary Monarchy
EnglandEnglish Civil War
1642Parliament vs. MonarchCharles I executedOliver Cromwell becomes
dictator1680 religious toleration
granted to all ProtestantsThe Restoration
Brought back monarchyCharles IIHabeas Corpus
Glorious RevolutionParliament stronger than the
monarchWilliam and MaryEnglish Bill of Rights
Parliamentary Monarchy
Ottoman EmpireBalkan Peninsula
Habsburg EmpireAustriaHungaryBohemia (Czech, Slovakia)
PrussiaPoland
Eastern Europe
Kievan RusMongolian tributaryDuchy of Moscow
Local princes worked for Mongols
Russian nobility adopted Mongolian culture
Maintained Christian religion
Russian Empire
Kievan RusByzantine heritage‘Third Rome’Head of Greek
Orthodox ChurchIvan III the Great
Freed Russia from Mongol control
MilitaristicBoyars
Princes given land by czar for military service
Owned peasants who lived on land = serfdom
Russian Empire
Ivan IV the TerribleOppressed boyarsExpansionist
Cossacks = Peasant warriors hired to conquer and settle new lands
Multicultural empire
Russian Empire
Romanov DynastyWesternization
Close cultural and economic ties to Europe
Sold raw materials for manufactured goods
Brought in European artists and architects
Time of Troubles1604-1613Civil warForeign invasions = Poland
and SwedenBoyars elect Romanov
family as czar
Russian Empire
Romanov DynastyMichael
Drove out foreign invadersExpansionist
UkraineAlexis
Abolished boyar assembliesPlaced Greek Orthodox Church under state control
Russian Empire
Peter I the GreatWesternization
Military reform = professional army and navy and secret police
Retain Russian cultureAutocracy
Centralized tsarist powerLimited aristocratic influenceTraining institutions for
bureaucratsRevised legal codes and tax
systemExpansionist
Attacked Ottoman Empire = Crusader ideology
Defeated Sweden = access to Baltic Sea
Russian Empire
WesternizationEconomic Reform
State-controlled manufacturing
Used serfs as laborersCultural Reform
Improved upper-class women’s rights
Western-style clothingRussian ballet
Russian Empire
WesternizationReforms limited to upper-
classReforms were selective
Controlled strictly by czarExcluded commonersDesigned to empower
governmentIntended to support
military expansionUnpopular
Commoners resented westernized nobility and new expenses
Nobility preferred Russian culture to Western European
Russian Empire
Catherine II the GreatGerman-born =
PrussianWesternization
EnlightenmentLegal reform
SerfdomIncreased power of
boyarsEnslavement of serfs
Russian Empire
Catherine II the GreatExpansionist
Colonized SiberiaClaimed AlaskaExpeditions to
CaliforniaForeign policy
Partition of PolandDivided between
Russia, Austria, and Prussia
Russian Empire
Major ThemesExpansionistSerfdom
Preserved local government
‘internal slavery’Agriculturalism
Powerful landowning aristocracy
Resistant to urbanization and social mobility
95% of population was rural
Russian Empire