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AP US History

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The Southern Economy

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Southern Society-Circa 1850 Slavocracy [plantation owners] ThePlain Folk [white yeoman farmers ] Freemen 250,000 Slaves 3,200,000 Total US Population 23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%] 6,000,000

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Southern Population

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Southern Agriculture

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Georgia Plantation

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Ledger of John White Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00 Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home Crazy Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal, Donaldsonville, $1200.00 Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway. Sold out of jail, $540.00 Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

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Reliance on Cotton- changes on production 1820 1860

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Cotton Exports

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Resistance

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Refusal to work hard. Isolated acts of sabotage. Escape via the Underground Railroad. Slave Resistance

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The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route. Quilt Patterns=Secret Messages

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Rebellion

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Nat Turner, 1831 Gabriel Prosser, 1800 1822

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Growing concerns over Slavery

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Distribution of Slave Labor

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Slave Owning Population-Circa 1850

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Early Emancipation in the North

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1.U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2] 2.1793 Fugitive Slave Act. 3.1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act. Laws on Slavery

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1780s: 1 st antislavery society created in Philadelphia. By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state. 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy. 1820s: many newly independent Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free. 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire. 1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies. 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated Slavery in the South- Unusual?

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Missouri Compromise

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Compromise of 1850

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Author of Uncle Toms Cabin, 1852 Sold 300,000 its first year 1 million copies in a decade Lincoln -So this is the lady who started this great war Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896

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Presidential Election 1852 Franklin Pierce Democrat General Winfield Scott Whig John Parker Hale Free-Soil Party

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Results

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Kansas-Nebraska Act,1854

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Bleeding Kansas Border Ruffians (pro-slavery Missourians)

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Another Fight in Congress-The Crime Against Congress Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

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Birth of Republican Party Northern Whigs Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

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Presidential Election, 1856

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Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott v Sanford, 1857

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Harpers Ferry, 1859

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Illinois Senate race 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. Popular Sovereignty Lincoln-Douglas Debates

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The Final Nail Election of 1860

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The Candidates Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen Douglass Northern Democrat Stephen C. Breckenridge Southern Democrat

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The Republican Platform Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.] Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the Know-Nothings]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers]. Why would southerners oppose this platform?

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RESULTS

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A nation coming Apart? Discuss the cartoon. Who is presented and what is it symbolizing?

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One Last Attempt to Preserve the Union Crittenden Compromise: Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY) Corwin Compromise Senator Thomas Corwin (Ohio)

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Secession ! SC, Dec 20, 1860

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Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861