ap us history east high school mr. peterson spring 2011 coping with change, 1920-1929
TRANSCRIPT
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AP US History
East High School
Mr. Peterson
Spring 2011
COPING WITH CHANGE, 1920-1929
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Focus QuestionsWhat economic innovations came in the 1920s, and
what was their effect on different social groups?What political and social ideas shaped the
administrations of Presidents Harding and Coolidge?What developments underlay 1920s’ mass culture,
and how did they affect American life and leisure?What social developments contributed to the cultural
creativity and conflicts of the 1920s?How did Herbert Hoover’s social and political
thought differ from that of Harding and Coolidge?
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A New Economic Order
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Booming Business, Ailing AgricultureAfter recovering from 1920 depression,
economy booms3% unemploymentTremendous growth in nonfarm economy
New consumer goodsAutomobile
Ford Model A
Production facilities worldwideHigh tariffs
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Fig. 23-1, p. 698
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Fig. 23-2, p. 699
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p. 699
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New Modes of Producing, Managing, and Selling
Assembly-line work“Fordization”Fordism worldwide
Business consolidationCorporate giants dominate
Chain storesAdvertising and credit sales
Targeting female consumers
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23CO, p. 696
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Struggling Labor Unions in a Business Age
Craft unions didn’t fit with mass-production
Anti-union violenceStrikes failedRacial discrimination in unions
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Stand pat Politics in a Decade of Change
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The Evolving Presidency: Scandals and Public-Relations Manipulation
Warren G. Harding elected in 1920“normalcy”
Notable cabinet selectionsCharles Evans Hughes (State), Andrew Mellon
(Treasury), Herbert Hoover (Commerce)Harding dies of heart attack in 1923Weak cabinet picks caught up in scandal
“Teapot Dome” and Sec. of Interior Albert FallAttorney General committed suicide
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p. 703
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Calvin Coolidge“Silent Cal”Radio addresses
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Republican Policy Making in a Pro-business Era
Supreme Court under Taft Overturned federal ban on child laborAid for flooding rejectedFarm supports rejected
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p. 705
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Independent InternationalismWashington Naval Arms Conference
Significant arms reductionsKellogg-Briand Pact
Renounced aggression and outlawed war
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Progressive Stirrings, Democratic Party Divisions
Rural prenatal and baby-care centers passed
Federal Radio Commission establishedElection of 1924
Republicans nominate CoolidgeProgressive Party nominates Robert La
Follette in 1924Democrats split and nominate John DavisCoolidge wins in landslide
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Women and Politics in the 1920s: Achievements and Setbacks
Women’s Joint Congressional Committee createdCall for constitutional amendment banning
child labor rejected by states
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Mass Society, Mass Culture
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Cities, Cars, Consumer GoodsUrban majority in 1920 census
By 1930, 40% of blacks live in citiesLaborsaving devices ease houseworkStore-bought clothes become the normGrowth of automobiles provides freedom
of movement
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Fig. 23-3, p. 707
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Fig. 23-4, p. 707
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Mass-Produced EntertainmentMass-circulation magazines
Saturday Evening Post and Reader’s DigestBook-of-the-Month ClubRadio
KDKA in Pittsburgh reports Harding electionNBC and CBS createdAmos ‘n Andy
MoviesThe Ten Commandments by Cecil B. De MilleThe Jazz Singer introduces synchronized soundMickey Mouse
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p. 710
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p. 697
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p. 711
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Celebrity CultureMiss AmericaBabe Ruth-“The Sultan of Swat”Jack Dempsey and Gene TunneyCharles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St. Louis
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p. 712
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Cultural Ferment and Creativity
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The Jazz Age and the Postwar CrisisMedia and literary creation
New types of behaviorDancing, drinking, parties
Sigmund Freud and psychologyChanging “courtship”
“the flapper”Shorter skirts, short hair, make-up, losing the
petticoat
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p. 717
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p. 714
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p. 715
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Alienated Writers“The lost generation”Rejected old order
H.L. Mencken and American MercuryErnest Hemingway-A Farewell to ArmsSinclair Lewis-Babbitt
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p. 713
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The Harlem RenaissancePoet Langston Hughes-The Weary BluesComposer William Grant-Afro American
SymphonyArtists Aaron Douglas and Augusta SavageNovelist Claude McKay-Home to HarlemHarlem jazz clubs attracted blacks and
whitesJazz spreads throughout country and
Europe
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A Society in Conflict
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Needed Workers/Unwelcome AliensHispanic newcomers, immigration soarsFarm workers sustained California citrus
industryLabor needed
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p. 719
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p. 719
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Nativism, Anti-radicalism, and the Sacco-Vanzetti Case
Anti-Semitic propaganda in Henry Ford’s Dearborn Independent
Immigrant radicals Sacco and Vanzetti convicted of murder and executed
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Fundamentalism and the Scopes TrialTennessee outlawed teaching of evolution
ACLU recruits challenger of lawSubstitute teacher John Scopes tried
Defense attorney Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan assists prosecution and
defends fundamentalist biblical account of creation
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The Ku Klux KlanRise of new Klan in 1920s
“100 percent Americanism”Anti-black, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, ant-
immigrantDerides lost purity of America
Spreads from South throughout countryControls much of government in Oklahoma
and OregonCollapses when Indiana Grand Dragon
accused of raping his secretary and he commits suicide
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p. 721
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The Garvey MovementMarcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement AssociationUrges black economic solidarityUrges blacks to go “back to Africa,” to
“Motherland”Criticized by most black leaders, including
W.E.B. Du Bois and NAACP
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p. 722
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Prohibition: Cultures in ConflictProhibition loses support and is repealed
in 1933, 21st AmendmentDrinkers, rum runners, moonshiners become
bolderOrganized crime rises
Speakeasies bring Capone $60 million
“drys” vs. “wets”1928 election sees prohibition as major issue
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Hoover at the Helm
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The Election of 1928Democrats nominate Catholic Al SmithRepublicans choose Herbert Hoover
Distrusted by many conservativesHoover wins in a landslide
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Map 23-1, p. 725
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Table 23-1, p. 725
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Herbert Hoover’s Social Thought“The Great Engineer”
More of an activist than Harding and Coolidge
Believed in “rational economic developmentSupport “voluntarism” for businesses to
support welfare capitalismBuilt Boulder (Hoover) DamCreated a Federal Farm Board
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p. 726
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AP US History
East High School
Mr. Peterson
Spring 2011
COPING WITH CHANGE, 1920-1929