ap u.s. government & politics – linkages linkage institutions
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AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage Institutions
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage Institutions
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage Institutions
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage Institutions
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage InstitutionsYesterday during Period 6 Law & Society
a Mr. Maxwell Henrie was seenengaged in an extended hug with
IRLANDASorry, Danny
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage Institutions
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage Institutions
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Linkage Institutions
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Quotable Quote
Americans of all ages, all conditions, and all dispositions constantly formassociations.
Alexis de Tocqueville
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Basic Definition
An organization of peoplewith shared policy goals . . .
Enters the policy process at several pointsto try to achieve these goals
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Interest Groups v. Political Parties
Both promote democracy by . . . Linking citizens to the political process
However . . . Individual interest groups have a narrower range of interests than political parties
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Basic Categories
* Economic
* Environmental
* Equality
* Consumers
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Economic – Environmental – Equality – Consumers – Public Interest
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Economic – Environmental – Equality – Consumers – Public Interest
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Economic – Environmental – Equality – Consumers – Public Interest
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
The MOST INFLUENTIAL
according to Fortune magazineFrom my cold, dead hands!
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
How Groups Try to Shape Policy
* Lobbying
* Electioneering
* Litigation
* Going Public
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Lobbying
Attempt to influence governmental decision maker . . . Made by someone other than a citizenacting on his own behalf
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Lobbying . . . Positives* Source of information & expertise * Help politicians with political strategy for passing legislation* Help politicians formulate campaign strategy and gain group’s support* Source of ideas and innovation
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Reminder . . . The mutually dependent relationshipbetween . . . * Bureaucracy * Congressional Committees * Interest Groups
IRONTRIANGLE
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Electioneering
Direct group involvement in elections
* Fund campaigns* Provide supportive testimony* Form Political Action Committees
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
PACS
Organizations set up to channel MONEYto political campaigns
Helps interest groups gain accessto legislators
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
PACS & Interest Groups
Support both Democrats & RepublicansGoal is to affect legislation
Reminder:Who usually wins Congressional elections?INCUMBENTS
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
PACSNumber in 1974 =
Number in 2006 =
The biggest increase has been in PACS representing . . . ?
6084,210
LABORENVIRONMENT
BUSINESSCONSUMERS
EDUCATION
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Business must learn the lessonthat political power is necessary;that such power must be assiduously cultivated; it must be used aggressively and with determination . . .
Lewis Powell Attorney
Represented tobacco companies in many lawsuits
In a Memo written to the U.S. Chamber of Commercein 1971
Named to the U.S. Supreme Court
in 1972
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Litigation
If cannot get favorable action in CongressSometimes groups turn to Courts with:* Class Action lawsuits . . . which permit a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people “similarly situated”
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Litigation
If cannot get favorable action in CongressSometimes groups turn to Courts with:* “Friend of the Court” briefs . . . known as Amicus Curiae briefs
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Going Public
May appeal to the public for support
* Call on people to contact representatives* Build public goodwill* Employ PR firms* Use advertising
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Which of the following models / theories of American democracy would say thatthe workings of interest groups is a good thing?
PluralistElite & ClassHyperpluralist
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Which of the following models / theories of American democracy would say thatthe workings of interest groups is a bad thing?
PluralistElite & ClassHyperpluralist
AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Linkages
Interest Groups
Which of the following models / theories of American democracy would say thatinterest groups generally favor the wealthy?
PluralistElite & ClassHyperpluralist