Biology – Bits , Blanks

1. Carbon dioxide and water are used for the production of glucose in presence of _____________ and light during photosynthesis.

2. The energy present in the light rays is called _____________.3. Green light is _____________ by the chlorophyll pigments.4. _____________ regulate the exchange of gases and the loss of water vapour from the

leaves.5. Grana are stacks of _____________ membranes.6. During photosynthesis chlorophyll molecule gets _____________.7. _____________ and _____________ are the end products of light reactions in

photosynthesis.8. _____________ won the Nobel prize for his work on photosynthesis.9. First stable product formed in photosynthesis is _____________.10.For conversion of simple substances into complex compounds_____________ is

necessary.11._____________ is required to form chemical bonds between the atoms of simple

substances.12.Green colour of the leaves is due to _____________ in leaves.13.In lower epidermis of the leaf a large number of openings called _____________ are

present.14.Chloroplast is in _____________ shape.15.The colourless area in chloroplast is called _____________.16.Stacks of thylakoid membranes in stroma are called _____________.17.Oxygen released in photosynthesis is due to _____________ of water.18.Substances which accept electrons are called _____________.19.The entire series of reactions which are involved in the conversion of CO2 to glucose

is called __________20.Starch is insoluble in _____________.21.Kidney-shaped cells which surround the stroma are called _____________.22.The tissue of the leaf between two epidermal layers is called _____________.23.Elongated cells arranged in rows without intercellular spaces and more number of

chloroplasts in mesophyll are called _____________.24.Irregular cells of mesophyll with less number of chloroplasts are called _____________.25.Vascular bundles of leaf are located in _____________ and _____________.26.Leaf is a _____________ machine to synthesize food.27.CO2 from atmosphere enters into the leaf through _____________.28.Synthesis of new molecules in a cell requires _____________ energy.29._____________ plays an important role in releasing the energy stored in different

compounds like carbohydrates, that synthesized during photosynthesis.30.Substance that undergoes respiration is called _____________.31.Fermentation produces _____________ and _____________.32.Inner folds of mitochondria are called _____________.33.Inner compartment of mitochondria is known as _____________.34.Respiration in the absence of oxygen by micro-organisms is called _____________.35.The first stage of respiration is called _____________.36.Simplest form of carbohydrates ready to undergo respiration is _____________.37.Rate of _____________ decreases when fruits are kept in cold storage.38.Fruits can be ripened early by keeping them in a room at the temperature between

_____________.39.The scientist who studied the sequences of changes in citric acid cycle is

_____________.40.In Citric acid, acetyl co-A combines with a four carbon compound _____________.41.The products formed in aerobic respiration are _____________.42.In ATP, energy is stored in organic _____________.43.Plants absorb_____________ energy from the atmosphere and convert it into chemical

energy.44.In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells convert pyruvic acid into _____________.45.Bacteria like _____________ convert pyruvic acid to lactic acid.46._____________ bacteria covert milk into curd.47.The energy produced in the body is stored in _____________.48.The phosphates in ATP are attached to _____________ atom.49.ADP combines with inorganic phosphate to form _____________.50.The addition of high energy phosphate to ADP is called _____________.51.The phosphorylation which takes place in the presence of oxygen is called

_____________.52.Molecules like glucose undergo_____________ to liberate energy.

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53.Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid through _____________ process.54.The sugar which we use is made up of two types of sugars called glucose and

_____________.55.The fats present in the food are complex molecules made up of _____________.56.The glucose manufactured in the plant body is transferred to all the cells through

_____________.57.In the first step of glycolysis, glucose is activated by the addition of _____________.58.The energy liberated from one ATP is _____________ calories.59.In the absence of oxygen, many types of bacteria produce _____________ acid.60.The first phase in Glucose oxidation is _____________.61.Expand ATP_____________.62.Lungs are respiratory organs in _____________ animals.63.Tracheae are _____________ organs in cockroach.64.Respiration in amoeba occurs by _____________.65.In earthworm respiration occurs through _____________.66.Dorsal pores occur in _____________.67.In cockroach, stigmata are associated with _____________ system.68.Pulmonary respiration occurs through _____________.69.Alveoli are the units of _____________.70.In man, nasal and oral cavities are separated by _____________.71.Epiglottis is present in _____________ in man.72.The common name for larynx is _____________.73.In man, larynx opens into _____________.74.The scientific name for wind pipe of man is _____________.75.In women _____________ play a major role in respiratory movements.76.Pleura surround and protect the _____________.77.In lungs gaseous exchange occurs in _____________.78.In man, air is humidified in _____________.79.During _____________ air enters the lungs.80.‘C’ shaped cartilaginous rings are present in _____________ of man.81.Palate in man separates _____________ from _____________.82.In man, epiglottis covers _____________ as a lid.83.In frog, nostrils open into _____________.84.In man, internal nares open into _____________.85.In fishes _____________ apertures open into pharynx.86.Hibernation means _____________ sleep.87.During hibernation, a frog _____________ through skin.88.If the skin of frog dries up it _____________.89.Earthworm live in _____________ soil.90.In earthworm, haemoglobin is present in _____________.91.In human trachea divides into _____________ in chest cavity.92.Animals which live on land are called _____________.93.Animals which live in water are called _____________.94.Aquatic animals utilize the oxygen dissolved in _____________.95.Animals which can live both on land and in water are called _____________.96.Taking in of air into the respiratory organ is called _____________.97.Sending out air or water to the outside from the respiratory organ is called

_____________.98.The gaseous exchange between blood and respiratory organs is called _____________.99.The gaseous exchange between blood and cells is called _____________.100.Respiration through skin is called _____________.100. The space between the body wall and the alimentary canal in earthworm is called

_____________.101. _____________ of the total oxygen taken up by frog is through the skin.102. The glands on the skin of frog secrete _____________.103. Trachea open to the outside through _____________.104. The external branchial apertures are visible in _____________.105. In man, the two nostrils open into _____________.106. 0.9% sodium chloride solution is called _____________.107. Frog _____________ if its skin dries up.108. Photosynthesis is an anabolic process and respiration is _____________ process.109. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in repiration and _____________ occurs in

photosynthesis.110. Photosynthesis occurs in _____________ and aerobic respiration occurs in

_____________ and _____________ of the cell.111. The raw materials for photosynthesis are _____________ of respiration.112. Oxygen is _____________ and _____________ during respiration and photosynthesis

respectively.

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113. In respiration _____________ particles undergo oxidation and CO2 and H2O are formed.

114. For the oxidation of glucose _____________ is necessary in respiration.115. Light energy is trapped and fixed to form _____________ energy bonds during

photosynthesis.116. For the cell to grow it needs _____________ along with food material.117. In unicellular animals transport of substances occurs by _____________.118. In course of evolution special fluids like _____________ and _____________ have been

developed for transport of substances.119. The pumping device in the transport system is _____________.120. In earthworm, haemoglobin is present in _____________ of blood.121. Blood vessels are absent in metazoan animals like _____________ and

_____________.122. The hearts of megascolex connect _____________ vessel and _____________ vessel.123. The vessel in megascolex that acts as chief vein is _____________.124. The vessel in megascolex that acts as chief artery is _____________.125. Various parts of megascolex receive _____________ blood from _____________.126. The hearts of megascolex pump blood from _____________ blood vessel to

_____________ blood vessel.127. In megascolex, in addition to blood _____________ also transport substances.128. From first chamber of cockroach heart arises the _____________.129. Head sinus of cockroach receives blood from _____________.130. Heart of cockroach is present in _____________.131. The two chambered heart of _____________ is evolved into three chambered heart

of _____________.132. In fishes, blood from _____________ of heart goes to gills.133. The chambers that lie side by side in frog are _____________.134. In frog , the chamber that lies behind the auricles is _____________.135. Sinus venosus is formed by the union of _____________.136. In man aorta that supplies blood to all parts of the body is _____________.137. The chamber, that is incompletely divided in the heart of reptiles is _____________.138. The heart that pumps blood to lungs is called _____________ heart.139. The two chambers that are in front of ventricle in the heart of frog are

_____________.140. In birds and mammals _____________ is sent to lungs for oxygenation.141. The right auricle of frog receives _____________ blood.142. The left auricle of frog receives blood from _____________.143. A single circuit heart is found in _____________.144. In closed type of circulation, blood flows in _____________.145. In fishes the heart sends blood to gills, but in birds it sends to _____________.146. In cockroach the blood is _____________ in colour.147. In crabs and snails the blood is _____________ in colour.148. For oxygenation food _____________ is necessary.149. In insects blood is _____________ in colour.150. In crabs blood is _____________ in colour.151. Scientific name of earthworm is _____________.152. The protein which carries oxygen in blood is _____________.153. In cockroach alary muscles are in _____________ shape.154. In fishes heart which sends blood to gills is _____________.’155. In human heart _____________ supplies blood to all parts.156. Three caval veins in amphibians unite and form _____________.157. The animal having blue coloured blood is _____________.158. A single circuit circulation is present in _____________.159. Heart is protected on all sides by _____________ cage and by _____________ on the

back side.160. Blood is collected from the upper parts of the body by _____________.161. In man, caval veins open into _____________.162. Post caval vein brings _____________ blood to the heart.163. The right _____________ receives deoxygenated blood from various parts of the

body except the _____________.164. The largest artery in the body of man is _____________.165. The left ventricle receives _____________ blood from _____________ auricle.166. pulmonary aorta arises from _____________.167. From the left ventricles of man, _____________ arises.168. Right _____________ pumps _____________ blood to lungs.169. When the _____________ artery is chocked, the muscle cells of heart do not get

_____________ blood.170. The normal blood pressure in man is _____________.171. The contraction phase of the chambers of heart is _____________.

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172. The relaxation phase of the chambers of heart is _____________.173. Haemoglobin is the most efficient carrier of _____________.174. In man, _____________ fluid present in pericardium protects the heart from injury175. Chambers present below auricles are _____________.176. The _____________ auricle is smaller than _____________ auricle.177. Pulmonary valves allow blood to flow from _____________ into _____________.178. Heart-beat consists of one _____________ and _____________.179. Blood pressure will be more in _____________ than in _____________.180. In normal blood pressure 120/80, the denominator indicates _____________

pressure.181. Children have higher _____________ when compared to old people.182. _____________ septum prevents mixing the blood in between auricles and

ventricles.183. The _____________ auricle is smaller than _____________ auricle.184. The valves present at the origin of aorta are called _____________.185. Bicuspid valve is present on _____________ aperture.186. Mitral valve is present on _____________ aperture.187. Mitral valve allows blood flow from left auricle to _____________.188. The age for the check up for B.P is _____________ years.189. Heart attack is caused by the blocking of _____________.190. Doctors measure blood pressure with the instrument called_____________.191. Blood is the _____________ connective tissue of the body.192. The intercellular fluid in blood is _____________.193. The matrix of blood is _____________.194. Sodium oxalate or sodium citrate prevent _____________ of blood.195. The clear fluid seen on the top of a blood clot is _____________.196. The liquid part of blood is _____________.197. Plasma is slightly _____________ in nature.198. The major component in plasma is _____________.199. Haemoglobin of blood carries _____________ and _____________.200. The blood proteins _____________ and _____________ help in blood clotting.201. The RBC is circular and _____________ in shape.202. RBC with a nucleus is seen in _____________.203. In adults, RBC are formed in _____________ of long bones.204. The production of RBC is called _____________.205. RBC are red due to the presence of _____________.206. Microscopic policemen of body are _____________.207. The smallest of WBC are _____________.208. Agranulocytes and granulocytes are _____________ cells.209. The cells that play an important role in clotting of blood are _____________.210. _____________solution is called saline.211. In plasma organic components are _____________%.212. In one milli litre blood _____________ RBC are present.213. During embryonic stage RBC are formed from _____________ and _____________.214. Percentage of plasma in blood is _____________.215. RBC formed in blood for a day are _____________.216. Eosinophils are stained with _____________dyes.217. Basophils are stained with _____________ dyes.218. Neutrophils are stained with _____________ dyes.219. _____________ is absent in blood platelets.220. Very large and nucleated red blood cells present in _____________.221. Gases like _____________ and _____________ are present in small amounts in blood

plasma.222. People with ‘AB’ blood group are called _____________.223. Universal donors are people with blood group _____________.224. In 1900, _____________ discovered blood groups.225. Agglutination of blood is due to the _____________ of blood cells.226. A person with no antigens but with antibodies ‘A’ and ‘B’ belong to blood group

_____________.227. People between _____________ years of age can donate blood.228. Agglutination is not seen if the blood sample of the _____________ blood group are

mixed.229. 93% of the population will have _____________.230. Administering blood of one person to another person through the vein is called

_____________.231. Production of antibodies against _____________ factor is responsible for the death

of new born babies.232. Wonderful gift given to a person is _____________ when he needs.233. People who wish to donate blood has to register their names as _____________.

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234. Persons with ‘AB’ blood group are known as universal recipients because _____________.

235. In case of emergency, when we do not know the blood group of the recipient, we can give _____________ blood group.

236. Responding to changes in environment in an organism is termed as _____________.237. growth is a permanent increase in _____________ of an organism.238. Proposal of plant growth substances was first put forward by _____________.239. Name of the layer which separates leaves and fruits from plants _____________.240. Auxins promote root _____________.241. The substance _____________ is used in destroying the dicotyledonous weeds.242. Gibberellins increase _____________ areas of a stem in plants.243. Parthenocarpy is the term used for _____________.244. Cell division in particular is induced by a hormone known as _____________.245. Fall of leaves is promoted by a hormone called_____________.246. Early ripening of fruits is promoted by _____________.247. In apical dominance, lateral branches grow by the removal of _____________.248. When a person runs his leg muscle requires more _____________ and _____________

while stomach muscle does not require them in large amounts.249. Co-ordination of different activities in living organisms can be confused with

_____________ co-ordinated by a _____________.250. _____________ effort between different parts of the body is required for an

organism.251. Growth is characteristic to every _____________.252. Charles Darwin conducted his experiments on _____________ coleoptiles.253. In addition to IAA there are _____________ more natural auxins.254. Auxin promotes cell division in _____________.255. If terminal bud of the plant is removed quick development of _____________ from

_____________ occurs.256. _____________ is responsible for apical dominance.257. Auxin inhibits the _____________ of leaves and fruits.258. Shoot is _____________ phototropic and root is _____________ phototropic.259. NAA and IBA are used for inducing roots in _____________.260. Gibberella fujikuori is known to cause _____________ disease in rice.261. Dwarf and rosette plants like cabbage and dwarf pea plants grow tall after

treatment with _____________.262. Gibberellins can be produced commercially from _____________ cultures.263. For cytokinins to induce cell division _____________ are to be present.264. ABA helps the plant in preventing the water loss, by _____________ the stomata.265. Ethylene modifies the growth of plant by stimulating the _____________of the stem.266. Parthenocarpy means _____________.267. Substances that bring about co-ordination between organs are called

_____________.268. Ducts are absent in _____________ glands.269. Endocrine glands discharge their secretion into _____________.270. Growth hormone is secreted by _____________.271. Insufficient production of vasopressin results in _____________.272. The gland that is present in the neck, near trachea is _____________.273. Deficiency of iodine in food results in the enlargement of _____________ gland.274. Parathormone controls the level of calcium and phosphates in _____________ and

_____________.275. Excess production of parathormone results in _____________.276. Adrenal cortex produces _____________ and _____________ hormones.277. The hormone that helps in the reabsorption of sodium and water in the body is

_____________.278. Adrenalin is secreted by the _____________of adrenal.279. Glycagon is secreted when the level of _____________ in blood is low.280. The hormone that helps in the formation of placenta is called _____________.281. The hormone, _____________ helps in the implantation of embryo.282. Endocrine glands are also called _____________ glands.283. Endocrine glands secrete chemical substances called _____________.284. Hormones are carried to all the organs by _____________.285. The tissues or organs on which hormones act are called _____________.286. Pituitary gland is called the _____________ of the body.287. Pituitary gland has _____________ lobes.288. Prolactin acts on _____________ glands.289. Leutinizing hormone promotes the secretion of _____________ hormone.290. _____________, hormone helps in the contraction of uterus during child birth.291. The hormone _____________ reduces the volume of urine excreted.292. Deficiency of growth hormone in childhood results in _____________.

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293. Over secretion of growth hormone in child hood results in _____________.294. Thyroid gland secretes _____________.295. Thyroxine is also called _____________.296. Iodine is required for the production of the hormone _____________.297. Deficiency of thyroxine in children results in a condition called _____________.298. Deficiency of iodine in food causes _____________.299. Parathyroid glands secrete hormones called _____________.300. Hyper secretion of parthyroid glands results in a condition called _____________.301. Number of adrenal glands is _____________.302. Each adrenal gland is located on the top of each _____________.303. The two parts of the adrenal gland are_____________ and _____________.304. The outer part of the adrenal gland is _____________.305. The inner part of the adrenal gland is _____________.306. The two hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are _____________ and

_____________.307. Adrenal medulla secretes a hormone called _____________.308. Adrenaline is also called _____________ hormone.309. _____________is a mixed gland.310. The cells of endocrinous portion of the pancreas are _____________.311. Islets of langerhans secrete _____________ and _____________.312. Deficiency of insulin causes _____________.313. Deficiency of glucagons causes _____________.314. The male sex hormone is _____________.315. The female sex hormone are _____________ and _____________.316. The condition in which male characters are not developed in males due to the

absence of testosterone is called _____________.317. Nervous system can sense change inside and outside the body through

_____________.318. Three components of nervous system are brain, _____________and _____________.319. Neurons get nutrients from supportive cells called _____________.320. A neuron consists of cyton, _____________ and _____________.321. The granules present in the cyton are called _____________ granules.322. The parts of neuron that transmit information to cyton are _____________.323. The part of neuron that carries away information from cyton is _____________.324. The site where the axon the effector cell make contact is called _____________.325. The gaps at regular intervals in the myelin sheath are nodes of _____________.326. Motor nerves carry impulses from _____________ to muscles.327. Impulses from sense organs are carried to _____________ or spinal cord through

_____________ nerves.328. Impulses from the tongue are carried to spinal cord through _____________ nerves.329. A mixed nerve contains both _____________ fibres and _____________ fibres.330. In disease like polio _____________ neurons get destroyed by virus.331. The organ in the human body which acts as a telephone exchange is

_____________.332. Cell body is also called _____________or _____________.333. _____________ is the center for all the synthetic activity of the neuron.334. Axon gives out several branches that end in _____________.335. Axons are covered by a sheath called _____________.336. At regular intervals, the myelin sheath leaves small gaps called _____________.337. Neurons with myelin sheath are called _____________.338. Neurons without myelin sheath are called _____________.339. _____________prevents the leakage of electric currents from the axon.340. _____________axons conduct impulses much faster than _____________ axons.341. Electric potential of a neuron is _____________ or _____________.342. The three divisions of nervous system are ______________, ______________ and

______________ nervous system.343. Brain and ______________ are the parts of central nervous system.344. The divisions of automatic nervous system are ______________ and ______________.345. Spinal cord and brain have neurons and ______________ cells.346. The outer layers of brain appear grey because of the presence of ______________.347. The white matter of brain has ______________axons hence it appears white.348. In spinal cord ______________ matter is on the surface and ______________ matter is

in deeper layers.349. In brain ______________ fluid is present between outer membrane called

______________ and middle arachnoid membrane350. Nutrients are provided to the cells of the brain by ______________ fluid.351. Brain in man is present in a bony case called ______________.352. Forebrain is also called as ______________.353. The largest part of the brain is ______________.

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354. Peripheral nervous system consists of ______________ and ______________ nerves.355. The grey outer part of cerebrum is called ______________.356. Gyri and Sulci are present on ______________ cortex.357. The functions of the left side of the body are controlled by the ______________

central hemisphere.358. The right cerebral hemisphere controls the functions of ______________ side of

body.359. Parts of the brain below cerebral hemisphere is together called ______________.360. Hindbrain consists of ______________ and ______________.361. The part of the brain that continues as spinal cord through vertebral column is

______________.362. Spinal cord passes through ______________ and protected y it.363. The cranial nerve that control the heart beat is called ______________ nerve.364. All the spinal nerves are mixed as they contain both ______________ fibres and

______________ fibres.365. Motor nerve fibres originate from ______________ horn of ______________.366. From dorsal ______________ of spinal cord ______________ nerves fibres originate.367. The inner membrane of brain is called ______________.368. CSF flows from brain to ______________ and back to ______________.369. Each half of cerebrum is called ______________.370. Both cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other.371. Ridges on the surface of brain are called ______________ and grooves are called

______________.372. Cerebrum is the seat of ______________, ______________and ______________.373. ______________portion of brain has centers that control emotions like anger, pain

etc.,374. Pituitary which is a ______________ gland is attached to ______________ by a stalk.375. Centres for regulating BP , hunger, thirst and emotions are present in

______________376. Hypothalamus secretes ______________.377. Brain stem has two parts ______________ and ______________.378. Basic function of spinal cord is to act as ______________ station between brain and

various parts of the body.379. Spinal cord plays a major role in ______________.380. Nerve is a bundle of ______________.381. In peripheral nervous system ______________ pairs of nerves are present.382. Testis secrete a hormone called ______________.383. The sudden and involuntary actions that save us from danger are ______________.384. The structural and functional unit of a reflex action is called ______________.385. In a reflex action the stimulus from receptor is carried to ______________.386. In a reflex action sensory nerve carries the information to ______________ in the

spinal cord.387. The information about a stimulus is analysed by ______________ of spinal cord.388. Inter neurons or association neurons play an important role in ______________

actions.389. In a reflex action, the information from spinal cord is carried by ______________ to

the ______________ organ.390. The famous Russian scientist who conducted experiments on conditioned reflexes

was ______________.391. Our standing in attention when we hear our National Anthem is a ______________

reflex.392. The decade from 1990 to 2000 is known as ______________.393. Unconditioned reflexes are present in ______________.394. Unconditioned reflexes are basically ______________.395. We learn conditioned reflexes by doing the ______________ act ______________

times.396. Normally when dog sees food, it ______________.397. In Pavlov’s experiments, he ______________ a bell whenever he gave ______________

to the dog.398. After Pavlov’s experiments dog ______________ the sound of bell with the

______________.399. Conditioned reflexes are not ______________.400. Brain has more than ______________ neurons and ______________ times the number

of glial cells.401. Brain weight is about ______________ of body weight and it consumes about

______________% of total oxygen consumed by the human body.402. Brain is solely dependent on ______________ for its energy requirements.403. New Characters are seen in off spring in sexual reproduction due to ______________

recombination.

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404. Production of fusion of gametes does not take place in ______________ kind of reproduction.

405. In asexual reproduction of fungi, a large number of ______________ are formed in special structures.

406. Chrysanthemum propagates often by means of ______________.407. Buds in Bryophyllum are known as ______________ buds.408. In layering , stems that form roots are still attached to ______________ plants.409. In grafting, the union occurs through formation of ______________ between the two

grafts.410. The ability of plant cell to give rise to a whole plant is called ______________.411. Technique of tissue culture is practiced under ______________ conditions to be free

from contaminating agents.412. Haploid plants are obtained commonly by introducing ______________ in culture

media.413. New characters in the offspring are due to ______________.414. ______________perpetuates the characters of a species.415. The process of reproduction ensures continuation of ______________.416. The ability of an organism to produce a new generation of individuals of the same

species is called ______________.417. In ______________ reproduction union of male and female gametes takes place.418. Chance of genetic variation is ______________ in sexual reproduction.419. In lower organisms ______________ reproduction is more common.420. In aspergillus spores are formed at the tip of a specialized structure called

______________.421. In Bacteria the method of reproduction is ______________.422. ______________ is the most common type of asexual reproduction in yeast.423. In Fungi the most common type of asexual reproduction is ______________.424. ______________ is a small microscopic unicellular , reproductive unit.425. Nucleus in the sporangium undergoes several ______________ divisions.426. Sporulation occurs in ______________ conditions.427. If the new plants are formed from structures like stem, leaf and root it is called

______________.428. Vegetative reproduction is preferred to multiplication by ______________ and

______________ plants.429. Variation in one plant can be continued in next generation through ______________.430. Vegetative reproduction is a very useful method in plant that ______________

produce______________.431. ______________ is the place where leaf arises on the stem.432. Buds present in the axils of the leaves are called ______________.433. Stem ends in ______________ bud.434. In Chrysanthemum vegetative propagation takes place through ______________.435. In grass plants ______________ are present at each node on its lower surface.436. In grass plants new plants arise from ______________buds.437. Vegetative propagation in potato occurs through ______________.438. In Bryophyllum buds are situated in the ______________ of the leaf ______________.439. In Azadirachta ______________ buds are present.440. In Rose, Hibiscus propagation occurs through ______________.441. When conditions are not suitable plant cuttings can be grown with special care in

______________.442. ______________plants easily root than ______________ plants.443. Stem cutting used for propagation must possess ______________.444. Cells in the cut portion are ______________ and produced ______________.445. Semi hard wood cuttings are used for multiplication in ______________ and

______________.446. Auxins used for rooting are ______________ and ______________.447. In ______________ root cuttings are used for vegetative propagation.448. Stem that forms roots while still attached to the parent plant is called

______________.449. A layer is supported by parent plant till it develops ______________.450. Removing a ring of bark around the base of the stem is called ______________.451. In layering method, girdling is done in order to reduce the downward movement

of ______________ through ______________ tissue.452. Layering method used in pomegranate, guava and orange is called

______________.453. In rose, cut made on the basal side of the stem is called ______________.454. In grafting the upper part of the union is called ______________ and the lower part

is called ______________.455. Successful grafting cannot take place between ______________ plant species.

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456. Enough ______________ and optimum temperature is needed for new tissue formation.

457. ______________ type of grafting is largely practiced in sapota, mango and guava.458. Bud grafting is used for the propagation of ______________, ______________ ,

______________ and ______________ plants.459. ______________ noticed that plant cells can be grown in synthetic media.460. Unorganised mass of tissue formed from explant is called ______________.461. Embryo like structures formed in tissue culture are called ______________.462. Haploid plants can be developed through tissue culture by culturing

______________.463. In order to have genetic variation in the offspring, plants commonly adopt

______________ reproduction.464. Reduction in chromosome number takes place in ______________ cells of a plant.465. Floral structures arise on a swollen part of pedicel known as ______________.466. The third whorl of a flower is composed of ______________.467. The third whorl of stamens in a flower is known as ______________.468. Inside an anther lobe ______________ mother cells undergo reduction division.469. The diploid cell inside the nucellus that undergoes meiosis to give rise to

embryosac is known as ______________.470. Fertilization is defined as the fusion of ______________ with ______________.471. The first cell formed after fusion of male gamete with egg is called ______________.472. The ‘3n’ nucleus is formed from fusion of ______________ nucleus with male

nucleus inside embryosac.473. Ovules are attached to the ______________ with the help of ______________.474. The ______________ develops into embryo.475. Flowers which have stalk are called ______________ flowers.476. Flowers which do not have stalk are called ______________ flowers.477. An outer whorl of green sepals of a flower is called ______________.478. The second whorl of petals which are usually brightly coloured is called

______________.479. The third whorl of the flower which consists of stamens is called ______________.480. Androecium is the ______________ reproductive organ.481. The anther bears ______________ pollen grains .482. Granular pollen grains are called ______________.483. The innermost fourth whorl of the flower is ______________or ______________.484. Gynoecium consists of ______________ , ______________ and ______________.485. Ovules are present inside ______________.486. The study of pollen grains is called ______________.487. Pollen grains ______________ and are otherwise known as ______________.488. Ovule is connected to the placenta by a stalk known as ______________.489. The tissue enclosed inside the ovule is ______________.490. The two coverings inner and outer, surround the nucellus are known as

______________.491. ______________ is a small pore left by the inner and outer integuments.492. Basal part of the ovule where the two integuments arise is known as

______________.493. The megaspore mother cell divides by ______________ to form four megaspores.494. Embryosac is ______________ and is also called ______________.495. The synergids are also known as ______________ cells.496. Fertilization is the process of fusion of ______________ and ______________ gametes.497. Endosperm nucleus is ______________.498. Stem apex of the embryo is called ______________.499. After fertilization ovary is converted into ______________and ovule into

______________.500. Inside a mature embryosac there will be ______________ number of cells.501. Example of endospermic seed is ______________.502. In ______________ there is a single cotyledon.503. ______________ propagation is preferred for the ornamental and horticultural

plants.504. Curry leaf plant is propagated by ______________.505. The male gamete is called ______________.506. In internal fertilization, the ______________ are deposited in the body of the female

animal.507. Paramecium undergoes sexual reproduction by ______________.508. A paramecium has two nuclei, one is ______________ and the other is

______________.509. During conjugation in paramoecium, cytoplasm of the conjugants becomes

continuous through ______________.

9

510. The nucleus of one conjugant crosses over the ______________ and fuses with the stationary.

511. The pronucleus, synkaryon is formed by the fusion of ______________ and ______________.

512. The synkaryon of an exconjugant divides by ______________.513. Earthworm is bisexual but self fertilization does not occur as ______________

mature earlier than ______________.514. The sperm mother cells of earthworm mature in spermatozoa in ______________.515. In earthworm, fertilization occurs in ______________.516. In earthworm, ______________ received from another worm are stored in

spermathacae.517. In housefly, ______________ help in laying ferlized eggs.518. Fertillization in housefly is called ______________.519. Croaking sounds are produced by ______________ frogs.520. Ampluxory pads of frog help in ______________.521. In male frog testes open into ______________ through ______________.522. In spermatozoan the nucleus is present in ______________.523. The dark pigmented part of the egg of frog is called ______________.524. In the frog egg, yolk is stored in ______________ pole.525. The oviducts of the female frog open into ______________ through ______________

aperture.526. The female gamete is called ______________.527. Paramoecium reproduces by ______________.528. Male pronucleus is also called ______________.529. Female pronucleus is also called ______________.530. Zygote nucleus is also called ______________.531. After the formation of synkaryon, the conjugants are called ______________.532. The genital opening in insects is present in a special organ called ______________.533. Inside the male reproductive system of frog the coiled tubules are called

______________.534. The upper part of the ovum of frog is called ______________.535. Yolk is stored in the ______________ pole.536. The swollen part of the earthworm, from 14th to 17th segments is called

______________.537. Frogs release a large number of eggs in a mass called ______________.538. Fertilization which takes places inside the body is called ______________.539. Fertilization which takes places outside the body is called ______________.540. The ______________ nucleus disappears during conjugation.541. ______________ nucleus has a role in conjugation.542. The micro nucleus undergoes ______________ division.543. The number of haploid nuclei produced after the meiotic division are

______________.544. In flies, the fertilization is ______________.545. The ______________ facilitates external fertilization in earthworm.546. Spermatozoa of frogs enters the kidney through tube like structures called

______________.547. Each follicle in the ovary gives rise to an ______________ in frog.548. Clitellum in megascolex is from ______________ segment to ______________

segment.549. ______________ helps to recover the strength lost by repeated binary fissions.550. Animal pole of frog’s ovum is ______________ in colour.551. Animal pole of frog’s egg is black due to the pigment present in the

______________.552. The breeding season for frogs is from ______________ to ______________.553. In the spermatozoan of frog, the thread like ______________ helps in swimming.554. The cloacal chamber is a common chamber for the passage of ______________,

______________ and ______________.555. Cloacal chamber opens to the outside by ______________556. ______________ of the spermatozoan helps to penetrate into the ovum of frog.557. Give two examples of parasitic worms: ______________ , ______________558. Prostate gland is connected with ______________ system in human being.559. Gametocytes of plasmodium are developed from the stage of ______________.560. Foetus is attached to the uterine wall by _______________.561. From the third month of pregnancy, the embryo is called _______________.562. During the implantation, the embryo gets attached to the wall of _______________.563. During the development of human embryo cells differentiate into layers called

_______________, _______________ and _______________.564. The zygote divides by _______________ and increases the number of cells.565. The _______________ is the part of spermatozoa that helps in fertilization.

10

566. Hormones that control menstrual cycle are secreted by _______________ and _______________.

567. During the _______________ phase of menstrual cycle the follicle ruptures and releases the _______________.

568. Graffian follicles are present in the _______________ and release _______________.569. Accessory glands of human male reproductive system are

one_______________,two_______________ and two_______________ glands.570. Spermatozoa are produced from the _______________ tubules of the testis.571. The ploidy of human sperms is _______________.572. The first half of the menstrual cycle is called _______________.573. Termination of pregnancy by using drugs is _______________.574. The methods of prevention of pregnancy by prevention of ovulation, by

prevention of fertilization are called _______________.575. Total time required for the embryonic and foetal development is called

_______________.576. The two membranes formed by the growing embryo are _______________ and

_______________.577. The space between amnion and embryo is filled with fluid called _______________.578. The embryo is known as _______________ after it undergoes several mitotic

divisions.579. The cells of the blastocyst are called _______________.580. The central cavity in the blastocyst is _______________.581. The process of attachment of the blastocyst to the walls of the uterus is called

_______________.582. The ploidy of the zygote is _______________.583. The two phases of the menstrual cycle are _______________ and _______________.584. Ovum is released during the _______________ phase of the menstrual cycle.585. The ruptured ovarian follicle is converted into _______________.586. Corpus luteum is formed during the _______________ phase of the menstrual cycle.587. The pituitary hormones which control the menstrual cycle are _______________,

_______________ and _______________.588. The ovarian hormones which control the menstrual cycle are _______________ and

_______________.589. Menstrual cycle occurs once in every _______________ days.590. If the ovum is fertilized and the zygote reaches the uterus, _______________ stops

until child birth occurs.591. A pair of ovaries are present just below the _______________ in the abdominal

cavity.592. Ovarian follicles are also called _______________ follicles.593. Each ovarian follicle has a centrally placed large cule called _______________.594. Formation of ova from the primary oocyte begins with the onset of

_______________.595. The discharge of ovum from the ovarian follicle is called _______________.596. _______________ provides nutrition and a fluid medium for the sperms.597. _______________ of the sperm helps in the swimming of sperms to reach the ovum

during fertilization.598. Sperms live for a period of _______________ to _______________ hours in the female

reproductive system before they die and degenerate.599. If fertilization does not take place, the ovum degenerates within

_______________hours.600. The sex of the embryo is determined by _______________ week of pregnancy.601. As per Child Restraint Act, the minimum age for marriage is _______________ years

for girls and _______________ years for boys.602. Marriage at a lower age for girls implies _______________ both for the girl and the

child.603. The marriage between man and woman who are related through blood is known

as _______________.604. On entering the body of the human beings this virus attacks the most

_______________ of our body.605. Modern disease which took over 3 million lives is _______________.606. Children with HIV_______________ AIDS must be allowed to live a _______________

life.607. Unprotected sex means indulging in sexual act without using _______________.608. The late stage of HIV infection is _______________.609. A person can be infected with _______________ and not know that he has it.610. Adjusting to a given situation refers to _______________ skill.611. A person who talks freely has _______________ skills.612. One who can maintain healthy relationship with friends has _______________ skills.613. The enzyme produced by HIV virus is _______________.

11

614. HIV stands for_______________.615. AIDS stands for _______________.616. STI means _______________.617. UNICEF stands for _______________.618. WHO stands for _______________.619. HIV virus weakens human _______________ system.620. HIV virus is spread through the _______________, _______________ and

_______________ of the infected person.621. HIV virus destroy _______________.622. Incubation period of HIV is also called as _______________.623. HIV can live only _______________ seconds out side the human body.624. Usually 5-10 years after the entry of HIV the person reaches _______________

stage.625. Luc montagnaier discovered HIV in 1983 at _______________.626. Robert Gallo discovered HIV at USA in _______________.627. The enzyme _______________ is responsible for the unique nature of HIV.628. UNAIDS stands for _______________.629. Recent surveys indicate that 19 out of 23 districts in Andhra Pradesh are showing

more than 1% HIV prevalence among _______________.630. Saliva, tears, sweat, faeces and urine have _______________ HIV concentration.631. There is no medicine for HIV _______________ is the only cure for HIV.632. AIDS is transmitted by _______________.633. Size of HIV virus is _______________.634. The chemical substances required for energy, growth and body building are

called _______________.635. Vitamins and minerals are required in small amounts. So, they are called

_______________.636. Nutrition is the procurement of all _______________ required for the body.637. Rice is rich in _______________ and _______________ in proteins.638. Carbohydrates contain _______________, hydrogen and _______________.639. Milk sugar is called _______________.640. Cane sugar is called _______________.641. Animal starch is known as _______________.642. Amylase hydrolysis _______________ into _______________.643. Cellulose helps in the smooth_______________ of the food in alimentary canal.644. The carbohydrates that is stored in the liver is called _______________.645. Amino acids are units of _______________.646. The amino acid that is essential for infants but not for adults is _______________.647. At 200 C fat remains as _______________.648. Vanaspati is prepared from _______________ fatty acids.649. Deficiency of iodine results in _______________.650. Deficiency of iron results in _______________.651. Excessive intake of fluorine results in _______________.652. Food having all the nutrients in quantities required for the body is called

_______________.653. Growth and development will not be normal if the required amounts of

_______________ fatty acids are not provided.654. _______________ is the major cations in the extracellular fluids of the body.655. We require about _______________ milligrams of calcium per day.656. _______________ is required for the formation of bones, teeth and coagulation of

blood.657. _______________ is the major component in haemoglobin.658. About 60-70 % of iron in the body is present in _______________659. _______________ is required for the production of thyroid gland hormone.660. To prevent iodine deficiency, now-a-days, iodine is added to the _______________.661. _______________ is required for the proper formation of enamel on the teeth.662. Water is the most essential constituent of _______________.663. _______________ proteins are rich in essential amino acids and _______________

proteins are poor in essential amino acids.664. _______________ proteins are biologically complete proteins.665. _______________ proteins are biologically incomplete proteins.666. Fats are made up of _______________ and _______________.667. If fats are liquids at 200 C then they are called _______________.668. _______________ are digested in the digestive system by hydrolysis to fatty acids

and glycerol.669. Fats from plant sources are usually used in the form of _______________.670. Most of the animal fats have more amounts of _______________ fatty acids than

_______________ fatty acids.

12

671. Fats from plant sources have good amounts of _______________ fatty acids when compared to animal fats.

672. Excess _______________ and _______________ fatty acids are deposited in the arteries and interferes with the blood flow. This may lead to heart attacks.

673. One gram of fat gives _______________ kilo calories of energy.674. Meat is _______________ in proteins and poor in _______________.675. In the _______________ carbohydrates only one sugar molecule is present.676. In the _______________ carbohydrates more than one sugar molecule is present.677. Complex carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars by _______________ in

the digestive system.678. Sugars like lactose and sucrose are hydrolysed by_______________ and

_______________ in the digestive system.679. _______________ forms the bulk of our food.680. One gram of glucose gives _______________ kilo calories of energy.681. Excess of glucose is converted into either _______________ or _______________ and

stored in the body.682. Proteins are made up of carbon , _______________, oxygen and _______________.683. There are 24 different amino acids in nature and of these only _______________

amino acids are present in most of the proteins .684. Taking food deficient in one or more _______________ is called malnutrition.685. The effect of malnutrition depends on the _______________ and _______________

status of the individual.686. In adults, when stored carbohydrates and _______________ are used up the body

generates energy by _______________.687. Children do not have in their body sufficient reserves of _______________ and

_______________.688. Malnutrition in pregnant women also affects the health of the _______________.689. Children given less proteins in their food suffer from _______________ malnutrition.690. Children who eat less amounts of carbohydrates and fats suffer from

_______________ malnutrition.691. Kwashiorkor is caused due to the deficiency of _______________.692. Over-eating and excess intake of energy results in _______________.693. Marasmus is caused due to _______________ deficiency.694. Children with protein calorie malnutrition eat less amounts of _______________ and

_______________.695. Obesity leads to diabetes, cardiovascular, renal and _______________ problems.696. Recent studies indicate that obesity is due to _______________ defect.697. Due to over-eating excess energy is converted into fat and is stored in

_______________ tissue.698. The only way to treat obesity is to increase _______________ and

reduce_______________.699. Fluffy and moon shaped face is seen in _______________ disease children.700. Abdomen gives swollen look in _______________ effected child.701. Obese child compensates his _______________ by over-eating.702. Vitamin B1 is also called as _______________.703. Riboflavin is the chemical name of vitamin _______________.704. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes _______________.705. Pernicious anaemia is due to the deficiency of vitamin _______________.706. Cyanocobalamine is the name of vitamin _______________.707. Fatigue is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin _______________.708. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease called _______________.709. Ascorbic acid is the name of vitamin _______________.710. Pantothenic acid is _______________ soluble vitamin.711. Cyanocobalamine is a _______________ soluble vitamin.712. Chemical name of folic acid is _______________.713. Vitamins were first discovered by _______________.714. Sterility in males is due to the deficiency of _______________.715. Vitamins are not synthesized in the body so they are called _______________.716. Vitamin K is _______________ soluble vitamin.717. When rice is polished or repeatedly washed, _______________ vitamin is lost from it

.718. In glossitis, the _______________ becomes red and glazed.719. Pyridoxine is the name of the vitamin _______________.720. The vitamin that plays and important role in the metabolism of nucleic acids is

_______________.721. The pigments rhodopsin and idopsin are present in the _______________of

_______________.722. Sunlight converts _______________ present in foods in the body into Vitamin D.723. The vitamin that prevents sterility in males is vitamin _______________.

13

724. Sailors of 18th century knew that eating of liver cures a disease called _______________.

725. In 18th century, it was discovered that _______________ cures a disease called rickets.

726. Dr.Funk discovered a substance in the _______________ which prevented a disease called Beri-beri.

727. _______________ disease can be cured by eating citrus fruits.728. Cod liver oil cures _______________ disease.729. Vitamins are _______________ chemical substances.730. Vitamins are required in _______________ quantities.731. _______________ is essential for oxidation, reduction reactions.732. In children pyridoxine deficiency causes _______________.733. Folic acid is required for the development of _______________ in the bone marrow.734. Vitamin B12 is stored in _______________.735. Deficiency of _______________ causes burning sensation of feet in human being.736. _______________ is required for protein metabolism.737. Vitamin C helps in the absorption and storage of _______________.738. Pigment present in rods of retina is _______________.739. Pigment present in the cones of retina is _______________.740. In plant foods ‘Vitamin-A’ is in the form of _______________.741. The persons which cannot see in dim light and in nights suffer from

_______________.742. In _______________ disease lachrymal glands in the eyes do not produce tears.743. National Institute of Nutrition is found in _______________.744. In adults, _______________ deficiency weakens the bones and breaks.745. _______________ is called tocoferol.746. Calciferol is the name of the Vitamin _______________.747. In papaya fruit _______________ vitamin will be more.748. Balanced diet, clean environment and _______________ keeps the body healthy.749. Disturbance in normal functioning of the body results in _______________.750. Entry of disease causing organism into the body is called _______________.751. Large number of disease causing organisms do not produce sickness in

_______________.752. Acids is transmitted by _______________.753. Common cold, chicken pox are spread by _______________ infection.754. Diseases such as plague and malaria are transmitted through another living

animal known as _______________.755. The time between entry of parasite in body and appearance of sickness is known

as _______________.756. During the stage of _______________ parasites release toxins and interfere with

normal functioning of the host.757. Immune system plays a major role in the development of _______________ to a

disease.758. Yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of _______________in a disease.759. Hepatitis virus spreads through _______________, _______________ and

_______________ to the child.760. Mumps is caused by _______________ virus.761. Mumps mostly effects _______________ glands.762. Paramyxo virus (RNA) causes _______________ disease.763. _______________ organisms are carriers of encephalitis.764. The larvae of filarial worm are known as _______________.765. Transmission of malaria by mosquitoes _______________.766. The primary host of malarial parasite is _______________.767. The part of life cycle of malarial parasite spent in man is known as _______________

cycle.768. Merozoits are released by the rupture of _______________ cells.769. Gametocytes are developed from the stage of _______________.770. In the mosquito, sporozoits are present in _______________.771. Chill, head-ache and sweat are the symptoms of _______________ disease.772. The best way of an individual getting protected from malarial parasite is by using

_______________.773. A habitat where the disease causing organism lives prior to infection is known as

_______________.774. In carrier organisms _______________ are present in large numbers.775. When injured it is advisable to take _______________ injection.776. In spreading disease _______________ organisms play an important role.777. The method by which the disease causing organisms are transferred from

reservoir to the host is called _______________.778. By controlling _______________ population malaria can be controlled.

14

779. _______________ disease has spread in the cattle of Britain due to the contamination of cattle feed.

780. _______________ system of the patient flights and kills the disease causing organisms.

781. The other name for liver cells is _______________.782. Bile flows form liver into the _______________.783. From blood, bilirubin is extracted by the _______________ and is excreted through

urine.784. For improper functioning or death of liver cells _______________ virus is

responsible.785. Poisons that damage liver cells are called _______________.786. Myxovirus parotiditis contain _______________.787. Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite called _______________.788. Malarial parasite proliferates in man by _______________ reproduction.789. When mosquito sucks the blood _______________ enters its digestive system.790. In earlier days malaria was treated with a drug called _______________.791. _______________ are carriers of bacteria that causes plague.792. _______________ are carriers of viral disease hepatitis.793. _______________ remain in a permanent state of contraction in a disease called

Tetanus.794. The incubation period of African sleeping sickness is _______________ years.795. Encephalitis is caused by a group of viruses known as _______________.796. _______________ cause filariasis.797. _______________ is the drug used for the treatment of filariasis.798. First aid is _______________ and _______________ care given to a person who meets

with an accident.799. The purpose of first aid is to keep the _______________ alive.800. A German called _______________ was the originator of first aid.801. First aid was made popular by _______________ service in 1879.802. _______________ and _______________ also made significant contributions in

popularizing first-aid.803. During first aid one has to treat first for _______________.804. The rescue worker has to _______________ the back of the victim with hands to

expel the water from the _______________.805. The term _______________ is used to indicate that a bone is broken due to

accident.806. The most common type of fractures are usually in the _______________.807. When only one bone is broken without wound at the site, the fracture is called

_______________ or _______________ type.808. Along with bone fracture wound is also seen at the site of the fracture. It is called

_______________ or _______________ fracture.809. When fracture is associated with damage to important internal organs it is called

_______________.810. If bone is broken at several places, the fracture is called _______________.811. _______________ appears at the site of the fracture.812. _______________ sound can be heard at the site of fracture.813. While treating the fractures first attend to _______________ which are

_______________.814. Fractured limbs are given support with _______________ of _______________.815. Make arrangement for _______________ the patient to a nearest doctor.816. Once the patient is in the hospital _______________of the fracture site will be

taken .817. Sometimes a disease may affect _______________.818. Most of the population in our country are in _______________ areas.819. Both _______________ and _______________ governments devised a health care

system for rural and urban population.820. The main goal of health care system is to achieve reduction in _______________

rate.821. Any health care system should be able to _______________ and _______________ the

spread of the disease.822. _______________ are the major components of health care system.823. _______________ is a person who wants to do social service at his or her spare time

in small communities.824. Token salary received by the health guide is called _______________.825. _______________ is chosen link between community and government health care

system.826. In rural areas deliveries of pregnant women are usually carried out by

_______________.827. _______________ means court-yard.

15

828. Under the integrated _______________ one anganwadi is allotted to a population of 1000.

829. A _______________ hospital is established for a population size of 3000 – 5000.830. Each primary health center covers a population of _______________ and spread

over about _______________ villages.831. Urban hospitals have specialists in branches of _______________ and

_______________.832. Treatment for any disease must be taken from a _______________ and

_______________ person.833. _______________ is to be protected through out the life.834. In adults blindness occurs due to certain diseases called _______________ ,

_______________ and _______________.835. A large part of population among young people show _______________of vision.836. _______________ and _______________ will have indirect nutritional effects on

population, especially on growing children.837. _______________ and _______________ children lead active life.838. National Nutritional policy deals with all aspects of _______________.839. One of the major problem of under nutrition is _______________ deficiency.840. Vitamin-A deficiency is seen affecting over _______________ children in our country.841. About 60,000 become blind every year due to _______________ deficiency in diet.842. In certain cases the white part of the eye becomes _______________ and

_______________.843. _______________ women, nursing mothers as well as pre-school children need a

diet rich in _______________.844. Leafy vegetables are _______________ , _______________ and _______________source

of Vitamin A.845. Administration of 2,00,000 I.U of Vitamin-A by mouth, every six months can fully

protect a child from _______________ deficiency.846. It is possible to eradicate blindness by proper intake of _______________.

16