ap chapter 08 part 2
TRANSCRIPT
America Secedes from the
Empire1775-1783
American Pageant Chapter 08— part two
The Colonial War Becomes a Wider War
„ American Revolution = multipower world war
„ France v. England 1778
„ Spain v. England 1779
„ Holland v. England 1779
„ Spanish + French fleets > British fleet
„ 1778-1783 France provided:
„ Guns, $, equipment, & ½ of regular forces
Marquis de Lafayette in the American Revolution
The Colonial War Becomes a Wider War
„ Consequences:
„ British evacuate Philadelphia
„ Monmouth—battle indecisive but 1/3 of Hessians deserted
„ Washington hems in British in NY area
Marquis de Lafayette in the American Revolution
Blow & Counterblow
„ 1780
„ Comte de Rochambeau arrives w/6000 French Troops
„ Benedict Arnold turns traitor for commission & £6,300
„ West Point
„ Plot discovered
„ George Washington “Who can we trust now?”
Blow & Counterblow
„ Southern Campaign„ British focus—more Loyalists
„ 1778-1779—Georgia overrun
„ 1780--Charleston„ Big U.S. loss--5000 men & 400
cannons
„ 1780-81—King’s Mountain & Cowpens—U.S. Victory
„ 1781—Carolina Campaign„ Nathaniel Greene
„ Delay, stand, retreat
„ Exhausted CornwallisNathaniel Greene—The fighting Quaker with a limp, also knonw as one of Washington’s most trusted officers
Land Frontier & Sea Frontier
„ British “hair buyers”—bounties for American scalps
„ Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant
„ Anglican convert
„ Stop American expansion west
„ 1779—American forces stopped
„ 1784—Iroquois forced to sign Treaty of Fort Stanwix
„ Ceded most of their land
Land Frontier & Sea Frontier
„ 1778-1779
„ Illinois country
„ George Rogers Clark
„ “Surprise!”--seized British forts—Ohio river
Land Frontier & Sea Frontier
„ Infant Navy
„ John Paul Jones
„ Destroyed British merchant ships
„ Privateers
Yorktown & the Final Curtain
„ 1780-1781—Dark Period„ Inflation, bankrupt government, mutinous army
„ Yorktown:„ French Admiral de Grasse
„ French General Rochambeau
„ George Washington
„ British General Cornwallis„ Left VA for Yorktown
„ Cornered
„ Surrendered October 19, 1781
„ Fighting lasted another year
Yorktown & the Final Curtain
Peace at Paris
„ British„ Loses in India & West Indies
„ Lord North replaced by Whig ministry
„ Americans: „ Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay
„ Instructed—no peace w/o French
„ John Jay proceeds anyway
„ French:„ Wanted “weak” America
„ But relieved to get out of war & promises to Spanish
Peace at Paris
So….
„ Treaty of Paris 1783„ Independence recognized
„ Generous boundaries„ Trans-Appalachian area
„ Motive--keep U.S. away from French allies
„ Recommend to not take loyalist property
„ Pay debts to British creditors
„ (Last two—not followed through by Americans)
A New Nation Legitimized