AOS 2: Shared Music!

Lieder

- How many beats in a bar: !

Listen carefully !

- Underline the correct interval for the first two notes of the piano:!

! ! 3rd! ! 4th! ! 5th! ! octave!- What can the motifs represent:!

Idea, character or place!

- What might be the purpose of the introduction for this type of song:!

To set the tempo / mood / give the note / give time for the singer to prepare!- Describe the differences between ‘Through composed’ & ‘Strophic’:!

TC = Music is different in each verse - S = Verses all have the same tune!

- Describe the relationship between the voice and the piano:!

voice has the tune the piano accompanies, supports / provides harmony, piano has faster notes than voice, piano has chords at the end of vocal phrases / between vocal parts, they get louder and softer together, when voice is loud piano has chords, the piano plays a counter-melody later on, the piano plays the melody with the voice, the piano dramatises / brings out the meaning of what the song is about / word painting, piano & voice are of equal importance!- Describe the music played by the piano in the introduction:!

octaves / unison, scalic, fast notes / quavers / semiquavers, triplets / compound time, anacrusis / up beat, staccato, loud / accents, minor!- What is the instrumentation:!

Piano & vocal!

- Underline the name that is usually given to this type of song:!

Lieder!- Suggest a suitable composer for this music:!

Schubert / Schumann / Wolf / Brahms!- In what period of musical history was this written:!

Romantic - 1820 - 1900!- What are the lyrics based on:!

18th Century Germ poems!

- Give the name of the cadence at the end of this piece: You must be able to identify !

! Perfect! ! Imperfect! ! Interrupted! ! Plagal

�1

Pop ballad - Using the given rhythm fill in the missing notes:

Practice dictation tasks. Usually it will follow sequence or an obvious ascending/descending pattern if it hasn’t been done before, or it is repetition of a similar part.

- Name the instrument playing the melody:

Listen carefully & be able to identify instruments

- Give the bar numbers where the following features occur in the accompaniment:

a) Where the XX (strings) enter for the first time

b) Where the XX (piano) plays a XX (trill)

- Name the ornament heard on the vocal line:

vibrato (quivering) / Portamento (slide) / Riffing (decorating)

- What is the structure:

Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Mid 8 - Chorus - Outro

- Give differences between the two extracts:

Extract is longer, bass in one not the other, vocal sounds in one not the other, drum kit in one not the other, thicker texture / more instruments, chords change in one stay the same in another, long notes synthesised in one not the other, stronger beat in one not the other.

- Describe the features of the following instruments:

Voices in the verse - clear voice & words, male / female voice, solo voice, use of reverb, vibrato.

Guitar accompaniment - use of an acoustic guitar, play chords, simple repeated rhythm, strumming, repeated chords, syncopated, bass guitar

Percussion - Drum kit, hi-hat, tambourine, bongos / wind chimes, emphasise 2nd & 4th beat, snare on beats 2 & 4, rhythms repeat, quaver movement

- Describe the music played by the bass guitar in bars XX:

Descending, scale, major, slide/gliss/portamento, minims (played on beats 1 &3), repeated notes, dotted rhythm, large interval leaps

Give the name of this style of song:

Pop ballad

- Suggest a suitable artist:

Elton John / Mariah Carey / Adele / Whitney Housten / Coldplay

- Comment on the tempo:

slow / moderate / constant / regular / steady

!

�2

Classical concerto - Describe the accompaniment:

bass line single notes, crotchets, rest on first beat of each bar, detached / staccato / short, 2 notes legato, light / quiet / soft, tonic & dominant notes, leaps of a 5th, counter melody, chromatic in a bar, bowed.

- Name the instrument playing the melody:

Listen carefully to instrument sounds and you have to be able to recognise.

- Underline two words that describe the music played by the strings in bars XX:

Polyphonic Homophonic Monophonic Unison Arco Improvised Pizzicato Legato

- Fill in the missing notes:

Practice dictation tasks on frontier (listen and notate)

- Give the name for the ornament played on the note where the * is placed on the score:

Ornaments – Trill, appoggiatura, turn, etc etc (you must be able to identify which one)

What makes a virtuosic performance:

Improvising, runs of scales / scalic, fast arpeggios, semiquavers & quavers, extended wide range, expressive dynamics, ornamentation and a variety of articulation

- In the end of the extract the soloist plays a short cadenza, give the meaning of this term:

plays alone, accompaniment stops, virtuosic, improvisation.

- Name the type of composition that this extract comes from and suggest a reason to support your answer:

Concerto - It has a solo & orchestra / orchestral accompaniment

- In which period of musical history was this music written for:

Classical

- Give XX reasons to support your answer:

Simple/diatonic harmony, clear cadences, regular balanced phrasing, gradual changes in dynamics/crescendos/diminuendos, some use of ornamental trill, medium sized orchestra, use of clarinet, melody with accompaniment/chords.

- Where might this music be performed:

Concert hall/church/school hall

- Give a suitable composer:

Haydn / Mozart / Beethoven

- Name the cadence that occurs at the end of the extract:

Perfect – Plagel – Imperfect – Interrupted (you must know what they sound like and be able to identify which one)

�3

Jazz

- What is swing:

The rhythm musicians, mainly drummers, play to get a groovy feeling

- What is syncopation:

When you play off beat / in-between beats

- Describe the structure of Jazz:

All musicians play from a lead sheet, which has the chords and melody, once they have played through, it goes back to top and they play through again with different instruments taking it in turn to solo over the chords whilst the other musicians comp

Or - Early Jazz would use the 12 bar blues

- How many performers are playing:

Listen and identify what you can hear, probably - Bass, melody, drums & accompaniment, maybe more

- Give XX features of the music played by the solo instrument:

Improvisation, Runs/scales, chromatic/blue notes, ornamentation/decoration, syncopation, accents, swung rhythms, triplets/quavers/fast notes, short phrases, flutter/double tongueing, sequence, legato

- Give the name of XX accompanying instruments & describe what they play to support the soloist:

Piano – comping/chord/harmony, walking bass (left hand), syncopated/off beat,

Bass – walking bass, crotchets, scales/scalic, pizzicato.

Drum kit – swung rhythm, fills, accented notes, uses brushes, keeps the beat, steady beat

- What style of music is this:

Jazz

- Name 2 cities affiliated with the beginning of jazz music:

Chicago & New Orleans

- Name a suitable composer:

Miles Davis / John Coltrane / Louis Armstrong

!

�4

Indian classical music

- What is the name given for the rhythm that the tabla plays:

Tala

- Give the name for the melody pattern upon which this style is based:

Raga/Rag

- Which section of a piece is this - Give XX reasons for your answer:

Alap - 1st section: Sitar player introduces the notes of the raga, improvising freely, free metre, no beat / pulse, only accompaniment is tambura

Jhor - 2nd section: Music speeds up a bit, only tambura & sitar still, music begins to form a pulse / becomes more rhythmic, melody from sitar takes a steady beat

Jhala - 3rd section: A lot faster than previous sections, more exciting, much more musically going on

Gat / Bandish - 4th section: Tabla player finally joins, perform a pre-composed piece, gat if only instruments play, bandish if there is vocals, music is passed around instruments as a ‘question & answer’ phrasing

- Give the name of the drum heard in this extract:

Tabla

- Name one of the melody instruments:

Sitar

- Name XX traditional indian classical instruments that you can hear:

Tambura / Sarod / Sarangi / Bansuri / Shehnai / Harmonium

- What style of music is this:

Indian classical music / Raga

- Describe how the two melody instruments work together in this extract:

Together, in unison at first, one plays higher than the other, violin is an octave higher than the sitar, one after the other, alternate/antiphonal, imitate/repeat, both accent same notes

�5

Gamelan

- The gong ageng marks the beginning of the 4 bar cycle. what is this whole phrase referred to as:

Gongan

- What is each bar referred to as:

Keteg

- What is the main tune called:

Balungan or pokok

- There are two types of scales, name & describe them:

Slendro - 5 note scale

Pelog - 7 note scale

- Name or describe the instruments that are playing this music:

Gamelan orchestra / Metal / Metallic, metallophone / saron, Gong / Gong ageng, gender, gambang, bonang, Glockenspiel, played with beaters / hammer / mallet

You just have to be aware of the names and what they are made from

- Give the name of this type of music:

Gamelan

- Identify XX statements that show how these instruments work together:

The music is in layers – There are repeated phrases – The instrumental parts each have different rhythms

- What happens towards the tempo towards the end of the extract:

It gets faster / accelerando

�6

Baroque

- Using the given rhythm fill in the missing notes:

Practice your dictation, there are practice dictations on Fronter

- In which bar do you hear XX (imitation) of the main melody played by the accompanying instrument:

Practice your listening skills, this you will have to be able to identify on the day

What ornamentation can you hear on the melody in bar XX:

!- Give the names of the instruments that are playing in this extract:

You have to be familiar with the sounds of classical instruments - Harpsichord!!

- Underline the type of work that this extract comes from:

Concerto (soloist and orchestra), Sonata (one or two instruments), Symphony (full orchestra), Oratorio (orchestra & choir)

- Volume changes suddenly in Baroque, what is the correct term for this:

Terraced dynamics

Identify the ornament played on XX and explain what it does:

Trill - Lots of tiny quick notes Appoggiatura (grace note)- clash and then resolve half the value of the written note Mordent - Similar to a trill but a but the last note is held longer Turn - Starts on the note written above, then written, then below then written

- What is the structure of this piece:

Binary - AABB Ternary - ABA Rondo - ABACADA Ground bass - A repeated bassline

Fugue - Parts repeat on different instruments and theme is developed Canons / Rounds - Two or more parts that repeat and start before the other part is finished

- In which period of musical history was the music written:

Baroque

- What would a suitable venue for the performance of this piece be:

Small / chamber hall / room / recital hall / home / church

- The piece begins in the tonic key. To which key has it modulated to in bar XX:

Sub-dominant (IV) Dominant (V) extra sharp? dominant Relative major (I) relative minor (VI) you will have to look at what notes are being used

- Describe the accompaniment played during the long notes of the printed melody:

faster notes / quavers, triplets, in right hand (treble), long / repeated notes, in bass / left hand, (block) chords, broken chords / arpeggios, 3rds / 6ths, sequence, adds interest / melody / counter - melody

�7

Chamber

- Give XX ways in which the melody of section XX is different from the melody in section XX:

Played by the violin, higher, sequential, longer / extended

- Name the instrument playing the melody in section XX:

Listen carefully, use Fronter to practice

- Describe the accompaniment in section XX:

Repeated chords / notes, in thirds, quavers / semiquavers / fast notes, short notes / staccato, gets louder & softer, one chord change

- Give the name of the type of ensemble:

String quartet / piano trio / string quintet / clarinet trio (you must be able to hear what kind of group and identify sound of instruments

- Name the period of composition for this extract:

Classical

- Give XX reasons to support your answer:

Simple harmony / diatonic, string quartet, regular / balanced phrases / 4 bar phrases, crescendos & diminuendos, melody with accompaniment

- Give the word that best describes the tonality of this extract:

Minor Major Atonal Chromatic

- In which key does this extract end:

Sub dominant Dominant tonic Relative minor

- Underline the dynamic that is best suited for the XX section:

Diminuendo Forte Crescendo Piano

- Describe how the instruments work together in section XX:

All play the same rhythm / homophonic, play in harmony, all play the same dynamics, use accents at the same time, alternate between loud & soft, all play the same articulation legato / staccato

�8

The Great Choral Classics

- There are two different ways in which the words are sung in this extract, one is melismatic, what is the other:

Syllabic

- Describe the first section of music sung by the choir after the opening chords:

Rises, leap up, loud, gets louder, Descending, scale, chromatic, homophonic/all the same rhythm, crotchet first then quavers, lower voices have a long note, unison, harmony, minor/major, legato/staccato

- What type of ensemble accompanies the voices:

Orchestra

Give the name of one type of voice heard after the silence:

If its low – Tenor, bass, baritone

If it’s high – Alto, soprano

- Underline the word that best describes this type of piece:

Concerto – Symphony – Oratorio – Lieder

- What would be a suitable venue for this performance:

Large concert hall, church

Give a reason for your answer:

It is loud, lots of people, needs a large space, good reverb in the hall

Give a suitable composer:

Handel / Carl Orff / John Tavener

- On which type of scale is this extract based:

Major/Minor (depends if it sounds happy or sad)

- Describe the music and give the effect that is created in the first part of this extract:

Loud, moderately fast, steady speed, goes high, thick texture/orchestra & choir, all voices have the same rhythm, homophonic/chordal, voices accent, use of detached notes, use of dotted rhythms, percussion/brass have more/emphasise dotted rhythms, some instruments have triplets/very fast notes, scalic, major/minor (if not already mentioned), orchestra carries on after voices finish, creates a dramatic effect/forceful/big crowd, joyful/happy/celebration, all male singers, syllabic, low/bass/baritone/tenor, unison/monophonic/octaves, cellos/basses/basoons, instruments play at the same time as the voices, slow ,long/sustained notes, thinner texture, wide leaps

- Give XX ways in which the composer creates a dramatic effect:

Crescendo, fast, chromatic/diminished, goes very high, wide range, vibrato, large orchestra/choir/thick texture, homophonic, brass, percussion, fanfares (short brass sections), fast notes/runs (from the strings), accents, staccato, syncopation, minor, modulates to dominant

�9

African A Cappella

- Describe the sounds that you hear before the singing begins:

Marching feet / stamping, whispering / talking / speaking, quiet, hah / gasp / sigh / breathy sounds

- Describe the more unusual vocal sounds that are heard later in the extract:

Rolling ‘r’s, shouts, falsetto / high, animal sounds / screech / squeak, throat sounds / grunt

- Describe the timbre (tone quality) of the singing & any other vocal techniques that are used:

vibrato, untrained, rich / warm / deep / mellow, chanting, slides / glissando, humming, throat / glottal sounds, nasal

- The music is sung unaccompanied, give the correct musical term for this:

A cappella

- What are the 2 most common styles of African A Cappella singing called & what do the mean:

Mbube - Means lion, a powerful and loud style of Zulu singing

Isicathamiya - Means ‘to tip-toe’, a soft & gentle style of Zulu singing

- Name a group who might have performed this track:

Ladysmith Black Mambazo

- Which of these statements describes the use of voices:

The voices always sing together - There are two solo voices that use a call & response style - Two groups of voices that use a call & response style - A solo singer & chorus use a call & response style

- Describe the way the voices work together in this extract:

Solo & chorus / call & response, unison, harmony, repeated chords, parallel motion, chorus have the same rhythm / homophonic, the solo sings something different over the top

- What happens to the tempo in this extract:

It gets faster / slower

�10

AOS 3: Dance music

Waltz

- What type of rhythmic accompaniment is found:

Oom cha cha, slow harmonic rhythm (chords slowly change - simple primary chords)

- What is the metre / time signature of this piece:

Triple metre / 3|4

- Give the name of two ornaments used in either or both extracts:

Trill, turn, grace note/acciaccatura

- Give XX features that you can hear in either or both of the extracts that are typical of this style:

Moderately fast, 60-70 bars per minute, 3/4 , 3 in a bar, triple time, 1 in a bar feel, um cha cha accompaniment, strong first beat of the bar, 2nd beat anticipated, rubato, slow harmonic rhythm, simple (primary) harmony, melody with accompaniment, large/full/romantic orchestra

- What is the structure of a Waltz:

Originally Binary AABB - Later on stuck a few waltz’s together AABB (A - Waltz 1) - AABB (B - Waltz 2) - AABB (A Waltz 1) — creating Ternary with the Waltz’s.

- Suggest a possible composer:

Strauss / Lanner / Chopin / Weber

- Describe the steps & movement that you would expect to see danced to these extracts:

Closed couples/partners, rise and fall, groups of 3 steps, first step longer than the other two, spinning round & round the room, box

- Where did the Waltz originate:

Vienna - Austria

- Where would it be suitable to dance to this style of music:

Ballrooms

- Using the headings below give differences & similarities for each feature:

Tempo – Instruments used for the melody – Dynamics – Texture

�11

Salsa

- What is the name given to the way the piano is played during this extract:

Comping

- What is the key rhythm to any salsa tune:

Clave - 3-2 son clave or a 2-3 son clave

- How would you describe the very exciting rhythms:

Syncopated, cross-rhythms, polyrhythms

- Name one brass instrument you can hear:

Trumpet/trombone

- Fill in the grid below describing how each of the following are used or played:

The brass in the introduction – introduce the melody, stabs/short phrases/between the voice phrases, in harmony/in octaves/ 3rds or 6ths, falling off notes/slides/pitch bends/glissando, trill, syncopated, high pitched, scale, trombones enter later, they play in harmony

The voices – Shouting/speaking in the introduction, short phrases, repeated phrases/notes, call & response/ pregon & choro, solo & chorus/ sonero & choro/ lead singer & backing singers, echo/imitate, in harmony, high pitched, in Spanish, ornamental decorated solo line, slides

Percussion instruments – Syncopated.off beat rhythms, repetitive/repeated/ostinato rhythms, layers of rhythms/cross rhythms/ polyrhythms, maintain the pulse/steady/constant, plays throughout/continuous, clave rhythm, semi quavers throughout, layered

- What are the different vocalist sections referred to as:

Lead singer - Sonero Chorus - Choro

- What is call & response referred to as:

Pregon & choro

- Salsa is sometimes danced at a street carnival, give XX reasons how the music suits this venue:

Loud, fast/lively/upbeat, syncopated rhythms, rhythmic, major key, call & response style, shouting by voices, catchy tune/rhythm, jazz/big band, lots of brass/percussion

- In which country did this style originate:

Puerto rico / cuba

- What are the 3 main sections & what happens in them:

Verse - The main tune is played, usually sung by the sonero or played by an instrumentalist Montuno - Is a kind of chorus, the sonero or lead instrumentalist lead a call & the chore respond Mambo - This is a break between the Mambo’s, which presents new musical material, often played by the horn section

�12

Tango

- Give XX reasons that show how suitable this extract is for dancing:

Very rhythmic / dotted / jerky rhythms, syncopation, accents, staccato / short notes / detached, strong clear beats, steady tempo / beats, clear melody & accompaniment, 4 or 2 beats in a bar, clear regular phrases

- Name the traditional instrument that is playing the melody at the beginning of this extract:

Bandoneon / Accordion

- Underline the style of music that you hear:

Tango

- From which country does this style of dance originate:

Buenos Aires - Argentina

- Where might this be danced:

Ballroom / Bars / Cabarets / Dance halls

- How would you describe the dance moves:

Paired, cheek to cheek / very close hold, legs often entwine, very passionate, a group of basic steps that are improvised upon, deliberate & exaggerated moves match the staccato and exclamation of the music

�13

American Line Dance

- Suggest a suitable tempo for this extract:

Fast / Allegro / Lively /Upbeat (bpm 130-150)

- Underline the word that best describes what the piano does at the XX:

Riff Walking bass Glissando Drone

- Underline the word that best describes the music played by the bass guitar:

Riff

- Give XX features of the music that led you to your chosen style:

2 or 4 beats in a bar, fast/upbeat/125bpm, 4 bar/balanced phrases/sections, verse chorus structure, instrumental section/middle 8, major key, simple/diatonic harmony, solo vocalist, backing singers in chorus, folk instruments fiddle/violin, accordion, double stopping on fiddle, drum kit, strong off beats on the snare, bass, line um-cha & some fills, guitar, rhythm off beat chords (not banjo)

- Give XX features of the music played by the other guitars that are typical of this style:

Play chords / comping, in harmony, parallel 3rds, quavers, strummed, picked, glissando / slides / portamento, wah pedal

- Describe the music played by the drum kit:

Bass drum on beats 1 & 3, bass drum has an extra kick before beat 3, snare drum on beats 2 & 4 / off beat, snare drum fills / accents, hi-hat / cymbal plays quaver

- Underline the style of music you can hear:

Country & Western

- What type of dance is this music used for:

American Line Dancing

- Describe the movements or steps that you would expect to see in this type of dancing:

Dancers in a line, no touching, thumbs in belts, everyone performs the same steps/set steps, stamping, grapevine, box step, digging heels in, skips, turns/face another wall, heel tap, boot scoot, slap thighs, shuffle, walk

Give a suitable artist:

Billy Ray Cyrus

- How many different chords are used in XX:

Listen carefully, you will have to hear when the chord changes, usually every bar, or every 2-4 bars

- Give the name of the tonality for this extract:

Major

�14

Irish Jig & Reel

- What is the time signature:

6/8 12/8

Describe the melody:

Clear regular phrases, question & answer pattern, often made up of 2 8-bar sections

- Give XX features of the music that are typical of this style:

Moderately fast/fast/allegro/allegretto, steady tempo, 2 or 4 beats in a bar/simple time, repeated melodies, regular clear phrases, ornamented melody, narrow range melody, fast notes/quavers/semiquavers, bouncy, jerky/dotted rhythms, simple harmony, modal, tonic/dominant bass, off beat, accordion, fiddle/violin, repeated chord patterns

- What are typical Irish folk instruments that you can hear:

Uillean pipes / accordion / tin whistle / fiddle

- What style of dance is this:

Jig - Lively & fast, often start on an anacrusis (upbeat), 6/8, soft shoe dances except heavy jig which is hard shoe

Reel - 4/4, accents on first & third beat, often made up of straight (not dotted) quavers, quite quick, soft shoe for women, men wear hard shoe

- Describe the dance movements:

Synchronised/in a line, individually/no contact, little movement from the upper body, arms hang down by the side, fast steps, intricate foot work, jump/leap, high knees, hop/skip, crossing legs, kick, stamp/stomp/tap

- Give the name for the style of this extract and the country its from:

Jig / reel - Ireland

- What is the tonality:

Major/minor (depending on what it sounds like)

What is the purpose of the first chord:

To prepare/bow/curtsey/stand still/stand in a line/introduction/get ready

- Describe the overall structure:

Ternary

- Give XX reasons why this music is suitable for dancing:

Moderately fast / fast / lively tempo, steady constant beat / regular tempo, clear / strong beat, very rhythmic, compound time / bouncy / quavers, accents, clear melody, repetitive melody sections, clear phrase structure

�15

Bhangra

How many beats in a bar:

4

- What traditional percussion instrument is used & what rhythm does it play:

Dhol - Chaal (Dha = play both drumheads - Na = play small drumhead - Dha Na Na Na Na Dha Dha Na)

- Give XX features of the melody that are typical of the folk style from which it originates:

Narrow range, Punjabi language, harmonium, sitar, repetitive, chaal rhythm, bends / slides / microtonal / ornamental / decorated / vibrato

- Describe how the following instruments are played: (This could be a comparison question)

Percussion – Drum kit/machine, dohl, table, tambourine/shaker, repeated rhythms/ostinato

Voice – Sampled voice, vocoder, spoken, pitch bend, male/female voices, backing singers, call & response, uses a narrow range, voices shout, is in Punjabi.

Drum kit – Bass drum on beats 1 & 3, snare drum on beats 2 & 4, hi-hat/tambourine, based on chaal

Guitar – No guitar: Bass Riff, repeated patterns, dotted rhythms

- What use of technology can you hear at the beginning of the extract:

Sampling Scratching Looping Overlay Drum machines

- Explain the technique you have chosen as it is used in the song:

Sampling - Spoken voices, an extract from something else imported into this song / pre recorded

Scratching - On records moving them back and forward manipulating the sound

Looping - repeated patterns on drum machine / bass guitar

Overlay - Multi-tracking

Drum machines - A programmable computer drum sound

- Suggest the name of an artist or group that might have sung this extract:

Amar Arshi / Punjabi MC / Alaap

- Give XX reasons why this music would be suitable for dancing:

2/4 beats in a bar, rhythmic, steady pulse, strong pulse / beat, regular phrases, strong bass line, repetitive

!

�16

Disco

- How many beats are there in a bar:

4

- The frequent use of the word ‘Tragedy’ is an example of which of the following:

Hook

- Give XX feature of the vocal melody at the beginning of the extract:

solo, high, repeated melody, regular phrases, narrow range, syncopated, vibrato, major key, falsetto

- Describe the how the following instruments are played: (This could be a comparison question)

Percussion – Drum kit/machine, tambourine/shaker, repeated rhythms/ostinato

Drum kit – Bass drum 4 to the floor, snare drum on beats 2 & 4, hi-hat, tambourine quavers, bass drum on every beat, some extra notes, hi-hat off beat, snare beats 2 & 4 / back beat, fill / break, steady beat / maintain pulse

Guitar – Chords, strumming, 7ths, repeated patterns, wah wah, some high notes, syncopated, repeated rhythmic pattern. Bass – Riff repeated patterns, chord roots.

Voice – Unison, male/female singers, high voices, backing singers, use a narrow range, uses a hook line, repeated phrases, it is in English

Flute - glissando / chromatic scale, descending pattern, long notes, short phrases, sequence, counter-melody, decorative / ornamental / fast notes / semi quavers, repeated phrases / riffs, improvised

- Give XX features that are typical of the disco style, not including those already mentioned:

Fast up beat tempo, 120 bpm, drum kit/machine, bass drum on every beat/on beats 1&3, four to the floor, snare drum on beats 2&4/back beat, quavers, semiquavers, bass guitar, rhythm guitar, lead guitar, brass stabs, off beat, long notes, solo & backing singers, singing in harmony, falsetto voice, mid 8/instrumental section, syncopation

- Underline XX features of the music you can hear:

Walking bass - Hook - Slow - Fast - Um cha cha - String counter melody - ritardando - rubato - brass band - chaal rhythm - sonero & choro - 4 beats in a bar - cadenza - clave rhythm - 3 beats in a bar (you have to listen carefuly, but I have italicised those statements that are definitely not in Disco)

- What is the structure of Disco:

Verse Chorus structure with almost always an intro

- Suggest a name of the group who might have sung this extract:

Bee Gees, KC & the sunshine band, Jackson 5

- When did this style first become popular:

1970’s

In what type of venue might this music be danced to:

Club / disco / party

!�17

Club dance

- Give XX features of the accompaniment heard at the beginning:

Claps, off beat / syncopated, hi-hat, closed, quavers

- Describe the music played by the bass guitar:

Repeated pattern / riff / ostinato, descending pattern, scale, quavers, doted rhythm, ascending leap

- Give the musical term for the repetition used in this extract:

Ostinato / Loop / Riff

- Underline the range of the vocal melody:

3rd 4th 5th 6th

- Suggest XX ways in which technology has been used in the performance of this extract:

Synthesiser, reverse cymbal, drum beats/machine, sampling, looping, amplification, panning, computer/mixing/sequencing, echo/reverb/delay/distortion/FX

- The sound of the voice has been altered using technology, suggest how this has been done:

Think of effects - Distortion, reverb, synthesised, vocoder, effects

- The next part to enter is a descending repeated pattern. Describe how technology might have been used to produce and enhance the sound:

Synthesiser, looping, computer / midi / edit / sequencer, FX / reverb, panning

- What year did club dance start to become popular:

1980’s

- Where did it originate:

Chicago - America

- What styles of club dance are there:

House - 4|4, lots of repetition, especially in bass line, lots of drum machine sounds

Techno - Fast, hard beat, usually between 130-150bpm, rarely any voices or live sounds, sounds mechanical & electronic

Jungle / drum ’n’ bass - Mega-fast tempo 170bpm, drum based with very strong, deep bass lines

UK Garage - Dance music that uses ideas from Jungle, drum ’n’ bass, percussive vocal sounds

Trance - Very repetitive, echoey & electronic sounds, lots of effects, slow harmonic movement, fast beat

Ambient - Slow, jazzy, sounds chilled & ‘out of this world’

- Describe the sounds that you hear:

Metallic sound/cymbal/hi-hat, reversed, soft, crescendo, echo/reverb, bass/kick drum, single notes, accented notes, long/sustained notes, string/violin/synth, high

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AOS 4: Descriptive music

Programme music - From 1820 onwards

- What is the tempo of this extract:

Allegro / Allegretto / Moderately fast / fast | Adagio / Largo / Broad & slow / Slow | Andante / Walking pace / Moderato / Moderate pace (listen carefully, imagine walking to the beat, how fast?)

- Give XX features of the music played by the solo part that describe the title of the extract:

Violin, quiet/gentle, crescendo/diminuendo/swells, smooth/legato/arco, vibrato, ornamented/decoration, scalic, arpeggios. High/gets higher, ends very high, repeated phrases, long sustained notes, fast notes/quavers/semiquavers, free rhythm.

- Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:

The melody is played by a bassoon – The first two notes of the melody are an octave apart, the melody is legato, the piece is in minor key, the piece is in compound time (listen & decide)

Which instrument plays the main melody:

Go to Fronter & practice identifying sounds of instruments, a random order test has been created

- Suggest XX ways in which the music conveys a calm & beautiful sea:

Legato/smooth, quiet/dolce, small swells in dynamics/pitch, slow, strings, bowed arco, harp, arpeggios/rocking notes, descending bass lines, major, sustained notes/chord.

- After a while an instrument enters that represents XX (bird):

a) What is the name of the instrument

b) What is the ornament that this instrument plays

c) Why does the instrument or ornament represent the XX

- Suggest XX reasons why a trumpet might be suitable to represent heroes:

Loud, high, penetrating tone, like a fanfare, used in a battle, bold / grand / powerful / regal

- Name a suitable composer:

Vivaldi / Holst / Grieg / Debussy

- In which period in musical history did this music become popular:

Romantic - 1820 - 1900

- A distant boat has moved closer, give XX ways in which the music represents this:

Thicker texture, more instruments, melody in new instrument, louder, higher range/pitch, use of timpani, counter melody (showing two things), uses wider arpeggios, pizzicato, triplets. Different key.

- Describe XX ways in which the composer creates suspense:

Low brass instrument – Mysterious / wizard | Quiet – Creepy | Reedy sound – Cheeky | 9/8; lively – Comic / funny | Trills / grace notes – Magic | Staccato / accent – sudden | Lots of rests – surprise | Jerky rhythms – Odd walk | Leaps

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- Explain how this extract is intended to describe hens and chickens(or other concepts):

Sounds like pecking – Fast notes . quavers, gives it a fast feel, quite soft, staccato, accents on higher notes, violin melody,

Fighting over food - use of sequences, grace notes, trills, arpeggios, fast / rising,

Represents birds / lots of activity - lots of woodwind instruments / flutes / oboe / clarinet / bassoon, counter melodies / contrapuntal / layers

Sounds like cockerels(squawking) – Major key, octave leaps, chromatic runs, ascending, louder phrases, music starts again lower, repeated oboe tune, flourishes, loud.

Dawn breaking over the sea - Free tempo / lack of pulse / slow, minor, legato, fairly quiet, high violin melody / flute / piccolo, still / quiet / bleak, in unison (very little happening), lots of vibrato, long notes (sun gradually rising), fast descending scales, ornament / trills (ripples on the water), harp, fast clarinet motif enters (sun glistening on the water / seagulls flying), arpeggios (ascending / descending) [flashes of light on the water], suspended cymbal roll, violin long note & tremolando, low brass instruments enter (sun comes over the horizon / danger of deep water) chords major dissonance, timpani roll gets louder & quitter again, violins / flutes play again, go even higher (sun rising), lots of descending scales / runs ends in a trip, clarinet motif again - longer this time (more sun so more glistening)

- Describe the differences between extracts:

One uses one pitch the other uses chords, both use repeated notes / rhythms, both obstinate, one has a long held note, use dotted notes, syncopated rhythms, staccato, same number of bars, low / high pitched, quiet / loud, triplets, semiquavers

- Suggest XX musical reasons why both extracts are appropriate to describe heroes:

Use of osinati, mainly loud, crescendos, major, build up in texture, glissando, march like, full / large orchestra.

- This piece is called ‘Crown imperial’ and was written for the coronation of King George VI in 1937. Suggest a tempo for this extract and give a reason why you feel this tempo is suitable for a royal occasion:

Moderate / moderately fast / fast / allegro - Able to walk to / march to it, if it were faster it would feel like running, if it were slower it would feel like a funeral, majestic / regal / grand.

- Give XX suitable reasons why this extract would be suitable for a royal occasion:

Loud, 4 beats in a bar, brass / trumpets / horns, fanfare, timpani, cymbal crashes, snare drum, strong percussion, chords / notes on every beat / homophonic, large orchestra / thick texture, wide range / high and low, high piccolo runs, dotted rhythms, tremelando violins, accented, major

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Film music

- What is the time signature of this piece:

Listen & count

- Underline the correct tempo:

Largo Andante Allegro Moderato (learn their meanings)

- Using the given rhythms, fill in the missing notes (dictation exercise - practice on Fronter)

- Write ‘rit’ (short for ritardando) above the stave, in one place where the music slows down

- How many beats are there in a bar:

Listen & count

- Circle the bar that contains a triplet:

Listen for the disjointed part as triplets sound a little faster than other parts & slightly out of time

- Tick the correct shape for the opening melody:

There will be notated melodies and you have to listen and choose one

- This extracts represents a male character who is rather comical and very laid back. Decide whether each of the following statements are true or false:

The melody is played by the violin, The accompaniment is pizzicato

- What is the main tune called if connected to a character:

Leitmotif

- Give XX ways in which technology might have been used in the composition of this music:

Use of computer/music programme/MIDI, synthesizer/keyboard, multitracking/layering, looping, sequencing/recording, mixing, editing, sampling, low motor sounds / electronic sound, echo / reverb, panning, multi tracking

- Name a percussion instrument that plays during the opening section:

Timpani / gong / cymbal

- Name the bass instrument that adds to the comical feel:

Tuba / trombone / bassoon

- Describe the music played by the violins in this extract:

Faster notes, triplets, small range, repeated patterns, stepwise movement, some repeated notes, staccato, quiet.

- Give the name of the instrument playing XX (quavers) in the XX (introduction):

You need to be able to identify which is playing what type of note and name it

- Name a suitable composer:

James Horner, Hans Zimmer, John Williams, Howard Shore, John Barry, any other famous

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- Write a paragraph, using sentences, explaining how the music conveys the title (refer to elements) (9 mark question):

You can get 9 marks if you provide a good range of points and link it to the question by clearly explaining how it represents the title, use appropriate terminology & accurate punctuation,

spelling & grammar.

War: Loud, fast, Minor, lots of brass, very rhythmic, 4 beats in a bar, uses a large chorus & orchestra, repeating rhythms/ostinato. Repeated rhythms help prepare for war, several layers of different rhythms show lots of warriors, low long sustained notes underneath makes it feel sinister, dynamics increase to show things are drawing close. Additional sections of the orchestra entering the music at different points show new sights, maybe you see the opposing army for the first time. Play on beats 4 & 1 create an uneasy feeling, tension. Homophonic, shows everyone marching together, cymbal crashes to represent clashing of armies.

Launch of a rocket (tension) - Long notes, rising in pitch, more quickly, in step / scalic, vibrato (string), pedal in bass, bass going lower, contrary motion / widening of range, chromatic / discordant, loud / gets louder, texture gets thicker, fast notes / semi-quavers (underneath), counter - melody, smooth / legato, ostinato.

How does the music change to show a successful launch - Clear broad melody, flowing / legato, large chord, homophonic / tune & accompaniment, major (modulation), brass, it is louder, crescendo, cymbal crashes, percussion rolls / fills, timpani, pulsing notes / quavers (underneath), change of metre, slower, majestic / grand / regal melody.

- This extract was written for a chase scene in a film, how does the music describe this:

Dramatic – Fast, mostly loud, very big/wide range/large orchestra

Running chasing – Short motifs, repeated ideas, scalic, lots of alternating ideas (chords & scales)

Attack getting closer – Flutes sweep up with chords, the opening chords get closer together, cymbal crashes, 3rd beat, later off beat, trills

More join in – Goes soft and crescendos (varied dynamics), gets higher, build up/texture thickens (gets more complex), low brass enter/trombone tune underneath, fast repeated notes/chords, timpani roll

Alternate blows – Accents/loud chords, these alternate

More intense – Beginning repeats, gets louder and higher

- How has the composer created a sense of fear and tension:

Very high pitched, harsh squeaky sounds, atonal/clashing/dissonant, repeated notes, fast notes/quavers, staccato/short notes, stabbing/accented/emphasised, short motifs/alternating notes, random long notes, pitch bends, overlapping sounds, echo, grace notes/trills, tremolo, vibrato, crescendos/diminuendos.

- This extract is titled ‘the storm is coming’ give XX musical reasons to show how the composer describes this in the music:

Gets higher, gets louder, gets faster/ faster notes, tremolando strings, string scales, minor key, clashing chords/harmonies, accents, thicker texture / more instruments added, sudden/loud notes, quick crescendos, brass chords, brass / low tune, cymbal crashes / rolls, bass drum hits / rolls, loud gong hit, strong/high/violin melody.

- Choose one statement that correctly describes the comical nature of the accompaniment:

There is a rest in every bar

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- This extract conveys the feelings of loneliness in a little boy. Explain how the music helps to describe these feelings:

Free rhythm, slow, quiet, mandolin / guitar tremelando, high flute / pipe melody, repeated notes, bends notes, ornaments / grace notes / long sustained notes / chords / drone, low, bare intervals, modal/minor, clashes / dissonance / atonal, gets a little louder & quieter, vocal sounds, thin texture, legato / smooth, flute / pipe plays again, new tune come in at the end (major) [very bare so it sounds like it is in the middle of nowhere. One solo flute / pipe to represent the boy. High because he is young. Haunting sad sound. The pipe and bends make it sound oriental. The long notes make it sound lonely.]

- This extract is taken from a film set in a peaceful seaside village. Give XX reasons why this music is suitable to describe this scene:

Soft / p / mp, slow / moderately slow / moderate / andante, flowing / lyrical melody, legato, major, arpeggios / broken chords, quavers, slow harmonic pace, harp, solo violin, thin texture, high pitched melody, vibrato

- Features to listen for:

Instruments purpose

Woodwind - Natural sounds, such as bird song, animal sounds, rivers

Bassoons - Sometimes used for comic effect

Brass - Soldiers, war, royalty, ceremonial occasions

Tuba - Large & slow moving things

Glockenspiel, celesta - Magic, music boxes, fairy tales

Harp - Tenderness, love

Timpani - War & fighting

Strings - Often used to portray emotions: passion, grief, etc Tremelo strings - Tension, fear, drama

Musical elements purpose

Tempo fast - Excitement, action or fast moving things (chase scene) Tempo slow - Contemplation, rest or slow moving things (funeral procession)

Melody ascending - Upward movement, feeling of hope (climbing a mountain) Melody descending - Downward movement, feeling of despair (walking/running down hill) Melody large leaps - Distorted, grotesque things (monster)

Harmony major - Happiness, optimism, success (catch a plane just in time) Harmony minor - Sadness, seriousness (learn of a loved ones death) Harmony dissonant - Scariness, pain, mental anguish (murderer appears)

Rhythm & metre strong pulse - Purposefulness, action (prepare for a battle) Rhythm & metre dance like rhythm - Playfulness, dancing, party (medieval feast) Rhythm & metre rhythmic ostinato - Menace, tension (countdown to invasion) Rhythm & metre irregular metres - Excitement, unpredictability (fast moving fight)

Dynamics loud - Surprise, power, large things (vast panorama) Dynamics soft - Gentleness, weakness, intimacy, small things (new born lamb) Dynamics crescendo - Objects or events getting closer (wagon approaching from distance) Dynamics diminuendo - Objects or events getting further away or things becoming weaker (gust of wind dying down. �23

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