“soil fauna: key to soil organic matter dynamics and modelling …€¦ · • stabilization of...

“Soil fauna: key to soil organic matter

dynamics and modelling (KEYSOM)”

COST Action ES1406

Juan J. Jiménez (Chair), Juliane Filser (Vice chair)

@KeysomAction

Coimbra, 11-13 March 2019

Final Meeting

2

COST Actiono Main proposer (Action

chair)

o 96 preliminar

o 12 full proposal

o 7 selected for CSO hearings

o 4 finally selected

o Ours ranked 2nd !!!

o 16 march 2015, 1st MC (Bruselas)

PF

C

HS

SOM

Turnover

Molecular structure

Physical

heterogeneity

Humic

substances

Fire-

derived C

Soil

depth

Roots

Permafrost

Soil micro-

organisms

Main elements (Schmidt et al. 2011)

Soil fauna totally ignored!

Soil animals are crucial but not sufficiently acknowledged in SOM modelling.

COST Action ES1406: “Soil fauna: key to soil organic matter dynamics and modelling (KEYSOM)”

Filser, J. et al. 2016, Soil fauna: key to new carbon models. SOIL 2, 565-582.

COST Action ES1406

3

Rationale

COST Action ES1406

Various forms & age

CO2

Litter

Soil

Organic carbon

Shoots

Roots

Soil biota

Exudates

Respiration

Photosynthesis

C-in C-out

leaching

C- sequestration

C in C out>erosion

De Deyn (2013)

• Biological transformation of SOM

• Stabilization of SOM in organo-mineral complexes (Δ turnover rates)

• Biogeochemical SOM models oversimplify soil community (or reduced to microbial

component)

• Soil fauna role in SOM dynamics: two rather different ways to explain processes: “food-

web vs. self-organization”

• The situation becomes perpetual.

Understanding and modelling SOM dynamics is essential for managing soilfertility, agricultural productivity and soil ecosystem services like nutrient cyclingand C sequestration.

COST Full proposal

Initial attempts by Sanders et al. (2014)

4

A few challenges ……Literature Review and Gap Analysis

• How animal groups should be represented

• Geographical differences, site-specific effects

• Data

– Laboratory vs. field Scale

• How to cope with

– different methods, foci?

– the huge complexity?

• How much detail is needed?

COST Action ES1406

5

Trophic based below- and aboveground interactions

(Wardle et al. 2004; Osler and Sommerkorn 2007)

- Significant effects on nutrient pools and fluxes- Integration of biogeochemical and soil food web

models- Protists and bacteria-feeding nematodes

important for N mineralization- Enchytraeids and fungal-feeding micro-

arthropods important for DOM production

Focus: Element fluxes

direct pathway to plants indirect pathway to plants

root feeding fauna

mycorrhiza

pathogens

belowground

aboveground

food web

Macro-

aggregates

(>250 μm)

Micro-aggregates

(<250 μm)

Increased

mineralization

CO2 flux

Reduced

mineralization

CO2 flux

Larger macro-aggregates (casts, fecal pellets)

iPOM-clay

interaction

Fresh residues-micro-

organisms’ interaction

+ biogenic structures

iPOM

Fresh residues, litter

Macro-aggregate

Micro-aggregate

Focus: Habitat structure / physical conditions

Non-trophic interactions: Soil ecosystem engineering (sensu Jones et al. 1994)

Soil aggregate’s turnover affecting

SOM dynamics (soil fauna)

Soil Ecology views on soil fauna and SOM interactions

COST Action ES1406

6

Which conceptual model to be

proposed?

De Ruiter et al. (1994)

NOT a single one, accepted by all of usCAN WE PROPOSE A SIMPLE AND OPERATIONAL MODEL

FOODWEBS SELF-ORGANIZED SOIL

Short sightedAllows precise modelingIgnores soil (structure)

Long sightedNo modeling done so far

Lavelle et al., 2006Microorganisms

Microfoodweb

Functionaldomain

Soil profile

Biogenic structures

Meso-aggregates

Microbialaggregates

Mosaic offunctionaldomains

4

5

3

1

Soil catena

Landscape

2

A theoretical attempt bySanders et al. (2014)

7

Simple Model

EW example

Litter fragmentation and

distribution within

the soil profile

SOM

Digestion of a fraction

of the ingested SOM Stimulation

of some

micro-organisms

CO2CO2

Digestion of a fraction

of the ingested

micro-organisms

Protection of SOM

within soil aggregates ?

Positive

effect

on plant

growth

Feedbacks on

organic matter

inputs

(Barot et al., in prep.)

8

Simple Model

EW example


The model must incorporate the most important processes

controlled by soil fauna

The model relatively simple to allow mathematical analyses

The model to be used for any group of soil fauna or combination

of soil fauna groups (guilds, functional groups)

Litter fragmentation

Bioturbation

Consumption of SOM and stimulation of microorganisms

Protection of SOM in casts / pellets

9

Simple Model

EW example


Preliminary results

111

f btot

f f b S

S Rm m

Total stock of C without fauna

Total stock of C with fauna achieving all functions

1

1 1

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

en

f an b ep an f f

tot

ep an f f an b en oc

an b ep a

ep ep an an

yc

yc

e

ep an

ep e

n

n fp an a f

S en

e

n

n oc

m E E E

a aS R

E E m E

f f

f f

f

E m w

E E E

a wam E

E m

b

b c

m

b

wc

f

mc

Simple, right?

10

KEYLINK Model

(Deckmyn et al. and Flores et al. accepted)

A soil model conceived in COST actions BIOLINK (FP1305) and KEYSOM (ES1406) Gaby Deckmyn, Omar Flores and many more

12

SOM (black) and litter (grey) for ten years of simulation with KEYLINK.

As executable or through Python

13

COST Action ES1406

Working groups and tasks

Gender balance

WG 4 (Profs. J. P. Sousa/M.J.I. Briones)

Dissemination of results, knowledge management and material for training

and stakeholder purposes (effective decision-making influence);

WG1 (Prof. Juliane Filser)

Data sharing and information, state-of-the-art and gap

analysis of SOM – soil fauna interactions;

WG2 (Drs. S. Barot/G. Deckmyn)

Review existing global SOM models and analysis of their potentials and limitations for inclusion of soil fauna effects;

WG 3 (Dr. D. Hackenberger/Paul H. Krogh))

Assembling data from the different sites (studies) in a meta-database for further

analyses;

Expected benefits:

1. A network of experts in biogeosciences, soil ecology, SOM turnover,

microbiology, nutrient dynamics (N, P cycles), and modelling across Europe

2. knowledge gaps analysis and conceptual framework development for

guiding future research;

3. training the next generation of researchers;

Objective:

To implement the role of soil fauna into existing SOM models for

land use and natural resource management

14

Status of Action: start and end dates of Action

16/03/2015 – 15/03/2019

Participating COST Countries, including ITC

28 countries (March 2018), including Turkey and Israel

ITC = Inclusiveness Target Countries

COST Action ES1406

Openness and inclusiveness

unrestricted access to

knowledge and information

15

-Fully operative since February 2016 / last update March 2019;

-Info and ppts from Trainers for dissemination;

- Login access for all participants

(lack of contributions)

Webpage

www.keysom.eu

ESSEM COST Action ES1406

@KeysomAction

http://www.keysom.eu/

16

GP4• Work and Budget Plan

Grant Amount allocated for GP4: ca. 125,000 € (later extended to 140 K €)

3rd Training School (Tartu; January 2019): 35-40K € (30 Trainees, 8-10 Trainers); From Soil Biodiversity assessment (methods and techniques) to SOM

dynamics; Trainer selection by Chair and Vice-chair; Invitations to other MC participants.

STSMs (6-7 ?): 17.5K € (focus on field experimentation and analysis)

Dissemination Activities:- Webpage maintenance: 1,450 €- ITC Meetings (3 candidates): 8,000 €- Others: 5,000 €

Italy MC and WG meeting: 36K € (Doodle poll) – September 2018

OERSA: 800 € (Bank fees)

COST Action ES1406

17

Working Plan and Budget GP4(Grant period 4 : May 1 2018, 15 March 2019)

A – COST Networking Tools Estimated So far Forecast

(1) MEETINGS (MC and WG meetings) € 42,250 30,272.02 28,200

(2) TRAINING SCHOOLS € 36,970 31,795.95

(3) SHORT-TERM SCIENTIFIC MISSIONS € 17,500 22,600.00 2,500

(4) DISSEMINATION, PUBLICATIONS € 11,400 1,961.00 2,800

(5) OERSA (Othe Expenses Related to Scientific Activities) € 800

B – TOTAL SCIENCE EXPENDITURE [Σ (1) to (5)] € 108,920 77,198.97 122,392.1

C – FSAC (Financial and Scientific Administration and Coordination) (max.

15% of B)€ 16,080 11,579.85 18,358.82

B – TOTAL EXPENDITURE (B + C) € 125,000 88,778.82 140,750.93

COST Action ES1406

18

- the same institution is not eligible for hosting more than one STSM within the same Grant Period;

- Announcement can be really open, applicants can do anything related to the MoU;

STSM for GP4 - Estimated

-Soil cores assessment (Monika Joschko);

-Isotope analysis (Lilian Ruess); Spanish PhD student: A. Rodriguez (UdL)

-One PhD student (Visa Nuutinen) – failed

-EW taxonmy skills (Maria Briones)

-Modelling issues (Gaby Deckmyn; J. Curiel’s PhD student: Omar Flores)

-Data matrix preparation of field experimentation (Juliane Filser);

-There is room for 5 more (please, participate!)

COST Action ES1406

!

12 STSMs

19

Final Action Dissemination (FAD)

Final Action Dissemination (FAD) refers to outputs produced after the end

date of the Action in order to share and promote the COST Action’s results

among wider research community, policy makers, other stakeholders or EU

citizens. A fixed Grant up to 10,000 €.

FAD must be a direct result of work performed by the Action and must be co-

authored by Action Participants

Requests for a FAD Grant of up to EUR 10,000 takes shape in the form of a

FAD Grant request which must be sent to the Action Science Officer by the

Action Chair on behalf of the Action’s Action MC by no later than 6 months

before the official end date of the Action.

at: http://www.cost.eu/FAD_application_template.

FAD must be approved by both the Action MC and the

Action’s Science Officer

COST Action ES1406

Approved!

20

Handbook of methods

- Links to short videos, Juliane Filser

a) Contents; introductory part

b) Field- and lab-based protocols?

c) Modelling protocols;

d) Addressing site-specific variations, i.e.

from Northern to Southern European

sites;

e) Downloadable from KEYSOM Website

and others.

f) List of contributors, institutions

Dissemination and advocacy training materials

COST Action ES1406

21

COST Action ES1406

Common experimentation

protocol

22

COST Action ES1406

Common experiment data compilation

- Basic soil data + functionality, i.e. NIR row scores + isotopes

At least 3 data matrices:

- EW data abundance and biomass

- DNA data (functional groups)

To be combined into one -> global analysis (mixed models?)

23

Handbook – revise and edit each protocol, including the new

ones.

Final Action Dissemination (during the year)

Handbook

15 p. booklet (Core Group)

Papers writing (leading authors)

AOB?

Pending work

COST Action ES1406

“Soil fauna: key to soil organic matter

dynamics and modelling (KEYSOM)”

COST Action ES1406

@KeysomAction

25

Action facts:

COST Action ES1406

Start and end dates of Action. 16/03/2015 – 15/03/2019

Implementation of COST policies on:

a) Promotion of gender balance (2 WG Leaders) and Early Career Investigators (ECI)

b) Inclusiveness (MC and WG meetings in Inclusiveness Target Countries during

Grant Period 1, Croatia, Czech Republic, and Estonia during GP2; Training School in

Coimbra, Portugal during October 2016; MC and WG meeting in Romania during

GP3)

26

From 01/06/2015 to 30/04/2016

Grant Period 1

COST Action ES1406

MC, WG & other Meetings

27

From 01/05/2016 to 30/04/2017

Grant Period 2

COST Action ES1406


28

From 01/05/2017 to 30/04/2018

Grant Period 3

COST Action ES1406


29

From 01/05/2017 to 15/03/2019

Grant Period 4

COST Action ES1406


30

COST Action ES1406

Training SchoolsGP2

Coimbra, Portugal4-7 Oct 2016

28 Trainees, 11 Trainers

31

COST Action ES1406

Training Schools

GP3 Birmensdorf, Switzerland20-23 March 2017

27 Trainees, 10 Trainers

32

COST Action ES1406

Training Schools

GP4 Tartu, Estonia22-24 January 2019

28 Trainees, 7 Trainers + 6 locals

83 Trainees in total

33

COST Action ES1406

STSMs GP2Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributed to

1. Daniela Alves (PT) University of Coimbra, Coimbra (Portugal)/ University of Bremen, Germany (JulianeFilser);

Bibliographic research on soil organisms, belonging to macro and mesofauna and

their interactions with organic matter2. Pedro Farias (PT) University of Coimbra, Coimbra (Portugal)

/ eDNA Center, Denmark, P. H. Krogh;KEYSOM soil biodiversity of European

transect3. Petr Heděnec (CZ) Institute of Environmental Studies, Prague

(CZ) / IPE-CSIC , Spain, Juan J. Jiménez;Bibliographic research on soil organisms, belonging to macro and mesofauna and

their interactions with organic matter4. Cornelia Rissmann (DE) University of Technology Cottbus-

Senftenberg, Germany / Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland (Beat Frey);

DNA metabarcoding and morphological identification of main soil fauna groups.

5. Karen Vancampenhout(BE)

KU Leuven, Geel (BE) / Univ. Vigo (ES) M.J.I. Briones;

Soil fauna vs soil organic matter dynamics - a review

6. Olga Vinduskova (CZ) Faculty of Science, Prague (CZ) / University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (BE), G. Deckmyn;

Incorporation of soil fauna model into ANAFORE forest model

34

COST Action ES1406

STSMs GP3Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributes to

1. Eduardo Nascimento (PT) University of Coimbra (PT) / Univ. Vigo (Maria J. Briones)

EW id. from Common experimentation;Taxonomical and ecological identification of earthworms;

2. Hind Khalili (DE) Univ. Bremen (Germany) / IPE-CSIC, Spain (Juan J. Jiménez)

Comm. experimentation; NIR signaturesand analysis;

3. Lenka Petrakova (CZ) Masaryk University, Czech Rep. / Aarhus University (Paul H. Krogh)

DNA metabarcoding; Regulatory role by predators of the decomposer food web;

4. Dalila Costa (PT) University of Coimbra (PT) / Aarhus University, Denmark (Paul H. Krogh)

Metabarcoding analyses of soilinvertebrates;

5. Carmen Fdez. Lago (ES) Univ. Vigo (Spain) / Çankırı KaratekinUniversity (Meric Çakir), (TR)

Soil fauna in different agroecosystems;

6. Dragana Stamenov (RS) University of Novi Sad (Serbia) / Maarja Öpik (EE)

Technical analyses & methods. Mycorrhizalfungal identification;

7. Sławomir Głuszek (PL) Research Institute of Horticulture(Poland) / Tine Grebenc, SlovenianForestry Institute (Slovenia)

Data to be used in KEYLINK model; Soil fauna on the dynamics of symbiotic fungi and fine roots;

35

COST Action ES1406

STSMs GP4 (I)Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributes to

1. Angela Amuza(RO)

Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection (Bucharest) (Romania) / J.J. StrossmayerUniversity, Osijek, Croatia (Davorka Hackenberger);

Earthworm diversity and interactions with SOM;

2. Angelika Kliszcz(PL)

University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków (Poland)/ Univ. Vigo (Maria J. Briones);

Earthworms in SOM incorporation in intercropping systems;

3. Antonio Rodriguez (ES)

University of Lleida (Spain) / Humboldt-University,Berlin, Germany, (Lilian Ruess);

Training in PLFAs and isotope techniques

4. Cosmin Braga (RO) National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea" (Mihaesti), Romania / BC3-Basque Centre for ClimateChange (Jorge Curiel);

Understanding the role of soil fauna on soil CO2 emissions from

European beech forests

5. Filipa Reis(PT) University Coimbra (PT) / IPE-CSIC (ES) Juan J. Jiménez;

Data collection and analysis of the excrements produced by soil

engineers for SOM dynamics and modelling

6. Oscar Franken(NL)

Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam (The Netherlands) / University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin (Ireland), O. Schmidt;

Quantifying soil macro-fauna bioturbation by X-ray CT scanning

36

COST Action ES1406

STSMs GP4 (II)Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributes to

7. Omar Flores (ES) MNCN-CSIC, Madrid (Spain) / Univ. Antwerpen, Belgium, (Gaby Deckmyn);

Development of KEYLINK model;

8. Stephan Jänsch (GE) ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH (Germany) / Univ. Aarhus (Denmark) (Paul H. Krogh);

Earthworm Database collection (Edaphobase contribution);

9. Tarja Silfver (FI) University of Helsinki (Finland) / SwissFederal Research Institute, (Beat Frey);

The role of soil microbial communities in soil organic matter turnover under

warming climate;

10.M.J.I. Briones (ES) Univ. Vigo, Spain (Maria J. Briones) / Univ. Bremen, Germany (Juliane Filser);

Linking earthworm abundance and functional structure across different

European landscapes;

11. Andrey Zuev (RU) Insitute of Ecology and Evolution (Russia) / Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia (Maarja Öpik);

Fungal-invertebrate interactions in forest soil;

12. Zeljka Loncaric (HR) J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia / Institute of Ecology and Environmental Eciences, Paris (France) (Sébastien Barot)

Modelling SOM dynamics;

37

COST Action ES1406

Total Eligible Networking expenditure 69 401.99 45 916.53 -23 485.46

Total FSAC 15% of Eligible Networking expenditure

10 410.30 6 887.48 -3 522.82

Total Eligible Costs 79 812.29 52 804.01 -27 008.28

Grantbudget

Totalexpenditure Delta

From 01/06/2015 to 30/04/2016

Grant Period 1

38

COST Action ES1406



13 816.50 12 657.88 -1 158.62


Grantbudget


From 01/05/2016 to 30/04/2017

Grant Period 2

39

COST Action ES1406



17 386.96 13 116.15 -4 270.81


Grantbudget


From 01/05/2017 to 30/04/2018

Grant Period 3

40

COST Action ES1406

Total Eligible Networking expenditure 122 392.11 88 078.97 ---


18 358.82 13 211.85 ---

Total Eligible Costs 140 750.93 101 290.8 ---

Grantbudget


From 01/05/2018 to 15/03/2019

Grant Period 4 (in process)

41

Please, remember that you have ONLY a few days to submit your Travel

Reimbursement Request (TRR) through the eCOST online tool.!

COST Action ES1406

Grant Holder Susana Guía, administration

Mayte Gálvez

https://www.araid.es/

https://www.araid.es/

42

Thank you to everybody for thislearning-by-doing trip!

“Soil fauna: key to soil

organic matter dynamics and

modelling (KEYSOM)”

COST Action ES1406

Thanks to all who contributed!

@KeysomAction

“soil fauna: key to soil organic matter dynamics and modelling …€¦ · • stabilization of...

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