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“GOVERNANCE OF LABOUR AND LOGISTICS FOR SUSTAINABILITY (GOLLS)” PROJECT

APPLICATION TO CAPES-NUFFIC FOR:

AN INTEGRATED PROJECT BASED EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMME BETWEEN THE ISS - ERASMUS UNIVERSITY (NETHERLANDS) - & FGV/UNESP (SP), UFAM (AM), UECE (CE), UNISINOS (RS) AND UNIFAP (AP) -

BRAZIL1

APPLICATION CONTENTS

1) THE PROJECT:

1a) DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION

i) INTRODUCTION

ii) AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

iii) JUSTIFICATION

iv) GUIDING QUESTIONS FOR PROGRAMME/NETWORK

v) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGIES

vi) OPERATIONALISATION

1b) PROJECT SUMMARY 1c) REFERENCES (for text, GOLLS project and GOLLS team members)

2) PLAN OF ACTION: 3) INVESTMENT PLAN: 4) PROGRAMME GOVERNANCE / MEMBER DETAILS& CONTRIBUTIONS:

1 Active Non University partners include the Amazonian Sustainability NGO, PEABIRU (and their network) and the Brazilian labour research/union coordinating body, DIEESE. Units of the University of Antwerp (IOB / ITMMA) may also participate as European partners.

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1) THE PROJECT

1a) DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

i) INTRODUCTION: Global Value Chains (GVCs) incorporate a large proportion of world trade. These chains are driven by considerations of cost and efficiency but just as much by power relations. This is evident from studies of labour outcomes within chains, especially those where chain governance is most hierarchical (e.g. buyer driven situations; Dolan 2004; Barrientos et al 2010). Yet the actual processes by which (too) many workers and communities are made flexible, vulnerable and voiceless are not so clear or agreed upon (Pegler 2011). The GOLLS project is intended to provide a methodical study of these governance processes and their sustainability implications using the example of countries (Brazil – Netherlands) with great mutual interdependence in terms of trade and investment.

ii) AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The ultimate aim of the research project is to promote more equitable and sustainable outcomes for labour and communities as a result of their inclusion in (global) value chains – chains which (quite often) link the global North and South.From a scientific perspective, the studies within this programme will act to improve and deepen our understanding of the „lenses‟ used to consider outcomes for labour and communities due to their insertion in chains. Within case studies of global value chains linking the Netherlands/Belgium and Brazil, each PhD/Post doc will integrate a consideration of labour, logistical processes and sustainability into their analysis. Collectively, the various studies will help to illustrate the impact of different chain governance processes on social outcomes. This improved understanding of the impact of governance on social outcomes will be of considerable value to policy makers and social actors. CAPES-NUFFIC support via an exchange programme will greatly add to, improve and regularise current ad hoc research and publication activities around the theme.

iii) JUSTIFICATION: The GOLLS project seeks to deal with three key identified gaps (e.g. Coe and Coe et al, 2008/12) in the GVC literature. The first of these gaps is that labour processes often remain insufficiently analysed – i.e. they are left within the “black box” of the firm. Various writers have made good progress with improved concepts (e.g. social upgrading) and evaluative typologies of labour impacts (e.g. Knorringa and Pegler 2006/7). Yet further important (empirical and thus conceptual) work is still necessary in developing a coherent causality about where, when and what types of labour impacts might be expected under various conditions. The second gap is that environmental sustainability considerations do not regularly figure as integrated features of GVC studies, especially in respect to how such considerations are transmitted along and within chains (e.g. Stern 2009; Gasper 2010). Thirdly, logistical processes, including the role of advanced services and key nodes such as

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ports, hold great importance for chain outcomes and processes2. Yet they have only recently started to be recognised within the GVC literature (Jacobs & Jacobs et al, 2008/11). The GOLLS project brings these threethemestogether via studies of the movement of a number of products between various production/sourcing locations, ports in Brazil and the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp (major European product gateways). Principle study nodes are thus 1) initial production and work conditions in Brazil and 2) the driving end of chains (via buyers, advanced services and commodity traders), often located near and operating through ports in the „North‟.Within this project, sustainability is defined most broadly as reproducibility at both a social (labour; community) and environmental level.GOLLS studies will provide a deeper and more integrated perspective to the underlying problematic, that –developing countries inclusion and (even) economic upgrading invalue chains does not necessarily lead to improved or sustainable (social) outcomes‟(Barrientos et al 2010). From a strategic and policy point of view, this research programme is aimed at providing grounded and integrated scientific evidence relating to a priority theme and development debate (i.e. who gains from chains?). In this context, it is important to note that the Netherlands is one of Brazil‟s key trading partners and Rotterdam is the largest single destination of Brazilian production. Brazil is not only an important BRIC country but one with which the Netherlands envisages strengthened economic and diplomatic ties. It is due to this economic and political potential, but poor performance from a logistical perspective, that the Netherlands Government and Rotterdam Port Authority (RTA) have been actively involved in efforts to promote port efficiency and logistical improvements, both nationally (Brazilian National Port Plan Proposal, 2012) and at a Brazilian state/port (e.g. SUAPE, PACEM, Rio Grande and Santos) level. Yet the key question relates to what factors may ensure that the benefits of further such chain developments are both mutual and sustainable? The articulation of „Responsible Production‟ (Knorringa 2010) and development of „Responsible Chain Management‟ diagnostics for the Netherlands Government (by ISS/GOLLS team members) can be seen in this light – the idea of promoting mutually beneficial and sustainable chain processes/trade relations. This integrated CAPES NUFFIC GOLLS project furthers this process via a programme of Post Graduate exchange for the promotion of research on sustainable chains.

iv) GUIDING QUESTIONS FOR THE PROGRAMME / NETWORK:

In view of the frequent divergence of economic and social outcomes due to chain insertion, the overall guiding question for the research programme derives from a comparison of what we might call the „logic‟ (e.g. efficiency) of chain driversvis a vis the „logic‟ of those at the beginning of chains (e.g. sustenance; survival). The question is whether these „logics‟ can be compatible – or how might competing rationalities of sustainability be resolved within (global) value chains? Based on specific methodologies for the evaluation of labour outcomes and chain drivenness, the studiessub-questions on this theme include: A) what does a greater integration of logistical processes in the analysis of global value chains add to our understanding of labour processes within these chains?;

2 For example, when support and regulatory bodies or financiers (advanced services) make it known that buyers and route planners should take social and environmental standards into account to a greater degree (IPA/ ITMMA Report, 2009).

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B) what impacts do different GVC governance processes have on i)labour at the beginning of chains and ii) logistical workers? – why and what does this depend on?; and C) how can these insights be used to improve policies and civic processes for the promotion of (sustainable) labour outcomes.

v) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGIES: Conceptually, the project proposes the use of a series ofanalytical constructs. Overall, it is based on the idea that research must move towards a more complete mapping of chains.As a step in this direction, studies within this programme will use variousspecific methodologies – 1) at the beginning of chains, 2)at the port cluster/buyer node, and 3) as bridges within and between these two nodes. The idea is to empirically and conceptually improve upon existing knowledge and models of labour at source, chain drivers and the governance process. These three parts of chains are illustrated spatially within the below diagram.

At the beginning of chains, the potential for improvements to peoples livelihoods and rights depends, in part, on the capacity of workers and communities to “frame, name and claim” their rights (IDS Bulletin 2002/5). In this sense, studies need to map „objective‟ issues such as employment conditions but also more subjective aspects such as employee relations,more generalized aspects of power and gender opportunity in the community as well as structural and local level constraints totheir livelihoods,rights and sense of (in)security (Gasper 2010; Gasper and Truong 2008). Each case study will need to develop and apply a grounded methodology which combinesaspects of labour processes and human security considerations within its analysis of the material conditions and responses of people (workers, communities, and peasants) providing a particular product to a value chain (Pegler 2011). At the „Northern‟ port cluster level of the chain, researchers will be working with methodologies of network relations between buyers, supermarkets, advanced services, global commodity traders and port services, currently being put forward by human geographers (e.g.

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GPN theorists - Jacobs 2008, Jacobs et al 2011) and political scientists. Considerable work will need to be carried out into of how information, resources but also how power flows between these actors as this will have a strong bearing on whether and how strategies and policies of CSR, sustainability and other standards are proposed andaccommodated at this level. A model of identity (agenda, interests and participate representation, Pegler 2003) will also be applied to key chain drivers and to those organisations (e.g. NGO‟s; Global Union Federations) seeking to influence chain decisions (e.g. pricing, route planning; standard setting) and thus chain outcomes for labourand communities at source. The governance of the process at the1) initial supplying ends 2) port/gateway and3) across these chains is most adequately conceptualized by the termgovernmentality(Huxley 2009). That is, there are not only actors, policies and structures of coordination but a political process by which the „logic‟ of chain organization is asserted, contested and established. The policies and activities of key chain actors can be seen to carry various messages (e.g. efficiency vs. survival vs. conservation – or - voluntary compliance to regulation vs. mandatory adherence) (Gibbon and Ponte 2008). The outcome of this process along and within these chains is what we wish to understand as it defines sustainability at a social and environmental level. At the beginning of chains and at chain driver levels an understanding of governmentality will emerge from the analysis of actors, policies, representative structures and response to them. Across the chain this requires an evaluation of how, and in what form,labour and environmental messages both emanate from the „North‟ (via, for example, firms, buyers supermarkets or multi / public-private sector initiatives) and have any real expression and meaning at source (Knorringa et al 2011). From a policy perspective, these are the issues that Governments may wish (or be under pressure) to investigate, evaluate and influence via their policies for economic, social and development assistance and diplomacy. At a supra national level, these issues are encapsulated within the objectives of „protecting, respecting and remedying‟ rights and livelihood deficiencies (UN Business and Human Rights Framework 2008), especially within the more problematic context of GVCs (e.g. The „Ruggie‟ Principles).

vi) OPERATIONALISATION: As noted, focusing on chains which connect Brazil and the Netherlands is a very valid research focus due to the volume of trade between the countries and the fact that Rotterdam is the single major entry point for Brazilian goods. Up to now some progress has been made in the studyof two product groups – wood (furniture) and fruit (acai; oranges)3. These are two significant tradable products and both are buyer type chains that generally highlight more difficult conditions in terms of social standards/sustainability compliance4. The division of these product groups into temperate (furniture/orange juice) and tropical (acai) categories has been made in conjunction with decisions about ports/feeder regions, sustainability sensitivity and case study contrasts. Initial analysis on labour and communities has been focused on i) the Amazon and on ports (e.g. Belem) moving acai for export; ii) Sao Paulo and the port of Santos for oranges/orange concentrate; and iii) Rio Grande and its port for furniture export. All of these ports are under the spotlight from a logistical efficiency point of view and many involve public and private agencies of the Netherlands in their improvement plans. The Amazon case is distinct due to vivid conflicts over environmental/livelihoods implicationsand

3 See references for relevant publications and papers. 4 As most employees and many “firms” are informal and avenues for voice and enabling rights are minimal.

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plans (also often involving the Netherlands) for the location of new,high technology port facilities in the region. A CAPES-NUFFIC supported research and exchangeprogramme will take current promising, yet ad hoc,research efforts to a much higher level, degree of coordination and impact relevance.The idea is that PhD/Post doc projects will be promoted for a number of studies, including cases such as fruit (acai, oranges, mangoes, grapes), wood (furniture; hardwood), grains (soya/biofuels) and, the final end of the chain, scrap. These are all key products linking the countries and their trade flows. They also illustrate the diversity of chain development forms and thus will provide very important lessons in respect to the impact ofchaingovernance and logistical processes on outcomes, especially at a social level. For instance, acai is the „new so-called wonder‟ fruit for the international market (for juices, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics) but its governance and coordination are rudimentary and fragmented – it is just starting. In contrast, the orange juice chain is highly controlled by Brazilian interests with 85% of the world‟s supply coming from three companies, much of which is coordinated (for the European market) by one of those companies located and operating in and through Rotterdam port. Further, Brazil has now become the world‟s largest supplier of soya (much via Rotterdam) and the biofuels debate (e.g. in terms of its impacts on food supply, fuel mixes and small scale farmers) will continue to be driven by Brazil‟s role in this sector/product.Moreover, the important fruit producing northeast of Brazil sends nearly half of its mango and grape production to buyers operating via Rotterdam, using a variety of governance models and standards protocols. Finally, while regulatory arrangements are in a state of flux, considerations of environmental conservation and hardwood will be influenced by policies for sustainability by European Governments but especially by the commercial users of the key Rotterdam and Antwerp logistical gateways. A coordinated matrix of case studies also provides considerable differences in production and labourorganisation.For instance, the two Amazonian products are based on extractivism (hardwood) and/or rudimentary family and community based cultivation (acai). In contrast, the orange chain starts with unskilled formal and informal farm work and then transport by truck to crushing then port storage whereas furniture production is based more on small-medium firms, mixed skills and degrees of formality. Soya, on the other, is produced by both small scale and (increasingly) large scale farm(er)s. Export fruits like grapes and mangoes are produced by varying farm types/sizes (from simple to highly „modernised‟) and by semi-permanent but also casual, informal and migrant workers. The analysis of such production and labour(process/security) situations, and their relation to the governance process, will generate a rich base of empirical material, not only about labour conditions at source but about work processes, forms of labour organization, regulation and action, at other parts of these chains. Finally, in terms of the research process, it should be noted that the study team comprises labour, environmental, port/logistics, cluster and value chain experts. The fact that these team members and their organisations have experience with such products and are located close to these port/catchment areas5further grounds the study in terms of viability and professionalism. It will also help to ensure a high level of scientific output from prospective PhD candidates, post-docs and visiting scholars. 5e.g. ISS/EUR – Rotterdam; U of A – Antwerp Port; FGV/UNESP – Santos port - soya and oranges; UFAM/UECE – Belem & PACEM ports - acai, mangoes/grapes and hardwood; UNISINOS – Rio Grande port - furniture, soya, metal scrap.

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1b) PROJECT SUMMARY: This inter-institutional project takes an integrated approach to the study of value chains and their social impacts. At one end of the study there are the northern ports (e.g. Rotterdam/Antwerp) and locations where value creation and value decisions are increasingly concentrated within advanced services and buyer/logistical activity and interaction. At the other end of the study there are the developing countries (e.g. Brazil) where production takes place and where peasants, small-scale producers, workers and communities “have to confront and/or accept” decisions made about the distribution of value within chains, decisions that are (largely) made elsewhere (e.g. in northern ports/ by global buyers). In this project the detailed study of each of these nodes (and thus, the governance of value distribution, exchange and production) are linked using a number of commodity-based case studies. The project is unique and has significant development relevance for four main reasons. First, it will add new empirical knowledge of a key (understudied) area where value is added and managed (ports/logistics). Secondly, it links this increased understanding of value creation/management to a focussed group of studies on production and labour processes of workers and communities in a key developing country (Brazil) from a sustainability perspective. Thirdly, currently suggested products for study encompass light manufacturing (furniture), energy-sustainability issues (bio fuels/wood), agro production (fruit/grains) and the final part of the value chain cycle (scrap). These are recognised important empirical areas for further research. Fourthly, the study combines a number of conceptual areas in a unique way – these being value chain analysis, economic geography/urban networks, logistics (transport/ports), industrial organisation and labour studies. In terms of its contribution to the „state of the art‟ of the literature, this project brings together multiple aspects and levels of buyer activity and treats labour issues and interests more explicitly than do other studies in the (vastly expanded) area of value chain studies. A more integrated consideration of the governance process (within the supply chain of various commodities as well as territorially) is at the core of the study. In terms of the specific focus of the current literature, it responds to recent calls by critical value chain writers who argue that labour/intra-firm relations, sustainability and logistics have received insufficient attention (e.g. Knorringa& Pegler, 2006; Coe et al, 2008/12). Methodologically, the northerncomponent will thus start with the aim of analysing various hypothesis of how chain drivers (e.g. buyers, commodity traders and advanced services) govern these cases. At the southernend of the chain, researchers will aim to enrich the analysis of labour processes with local and gender based considerations of human (in)security. In between these two nodes is the space where CSR and various forms of certification and regulation of labour rights and sustainability are articulated and contested.Finally, the study process itself is networked in the sense that it brings together important recognized agencies6into a coordinated approach to the study of how value is generated, managed, contested and distributed in world markets. This project idea has sparked interest from many quarters (e.g. “Smartports” (EUR), IADB, ILO, Brazilian Embassy, various Brazilian state governments and Dutch Ministries,RPA/Brazil-Netherlandsproject on joint port efficiency; Global and Transport Unions). Its originality and policy value are considerable, from a number of perspectives. 6 Ibid plus the Peabiru sustainability NGO and the national Brazilian labour research and coordinating organization, DIEESE.

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Both the Dutch/Belgium and Brazilian ends of these paths of value creation could draw from the results of this research to promote further benefits forgrowth in their regions and port clusters. Further, the integration of sustainability criteria to these flows of value could be used to promote broaderdevelopmentobjectives(i.e. labour standards improvements and environmental viability) at both ends of the process. Achieving such results will require considerable collaborative research efforts. This integrated research programme will make a very useful contribution to this process by providing a solid platform for exchange and research output at the Phd, post doc and peer reviewed scientific publication level as well as via more popular articles and briefing/discussion papers. 1c) REFERENCES (for text, GOLLS project and GOLLS team members) Anner M. (2007) “Forging New Labor Activism in Global Commodity Chains in Latin

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2) PLAN OF ACTION: The plan of action includes a number of components – 1) project promotion and the application process; 2) activities, guidance offered and contribution possibilities and, 3) anticipated outcomes and outputs. These are described (below) mainly from the Dutch applicants (ISS/EUR) position yet are sufficiently generic to apply to the reverse situation where PhD candidates, Post docs and staff from ISS/EUR are visitors at one of the participating Brazilian institutions within the GOLLS network (see 4 below). First, each project member is responsible for the articulation of the project within their institution and amongst their students and wider networks7. Following the identification of a GOLLS related PhD project idea, to gain aPhD place at the ISS/EUR applicantswill have to formally apply for entry and be accepted as a (joint institution) PhD candidate by the post graduate research committee (RDC). Post docs and visiting scholars must also apply for acceptance at the ISS but this can be done more directly and informally via supervisor and research group8 acceptance of their GOLLS subtheme proposal. It is envisaged that there will be two Brazilian PhD/Post docs per year from 2014onwards and one PhD or Post doc per year from the Netherlands to Brazil. The duration of stay is expected to be one year in each instance. In terms of staff/coordinator visits, we anticipate2 per year from Brazil to the Netherlands (for between 20-60 days9) and 1-2 per year from the Netherlands to Brazil (for around 20 days on average10) from 2014. Secondly, whilst at the ISS, PhD candidates will take part in the full range of activities the Institute/Universityand its network has tooffer. Aside from their specific, regular supervision needs, they will be free to participate in - daily seminars by various international experts, specialist classes on research techniques and methodology (at ISS and elsewhere – e.g. CERES), thematic support groups,English writing and publication skills training, seminar travel grants and will manage their own (ISS funded and with invited speakers) conference on development themes (Development Dialogue). They will be well guided in the development of their research theme and given full access to all necessary (and the most up to date) study and library facilities. Candidates will also be expected to demonstrate their progress at an 7 The team also plans to list the project on the “Sciences Without Borders” website (as an applicable project for further Post graduate funding) later in 2013. 8 These are – 1) Governance, Globalisation and Social Justice; 2) Political Economy of Resources, Environment and Population; 3) Economics of Development and Emerging Markets, and the 4) Civic Innovation and Research Initiative. 9Any time beyond the CAPES 20 day staff financing period being defined by what project and teaching resources are freed up at the ISS for the visitor – something that will be actively encouraged/promoted. 10 Depending on research time availability and any related project work in Brazil/at hosting institution.

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informal ISS Research in Progress seminar and in a more formal Research Design seminar, prior to their return to their co-promoter and Brazilian institution. In order to maximise synergies with the ISS community, PhD candidates will stay in fully equipped (and highly subsidised) accommodation close the ISS in the centre of The Hague. Post docs and visiting academics will also have access to this range of services and facilities. However, there will be a larger number of peer to peer opportunities open to them due to their experience. These include – participation in international projects, teaching opportunities and through their full membership of one of the Institute‟s research programmes11 – and thus the extra encouragement and resourcing this gives to participate in joint publications, seminars and conferences, both nationally and internationally. Structured in this way, the ISS and partnersbelieves that this GOLLS CAPES-NUFFIC programme will act to generatea number of specific outputs. First, over time, participating agencies will have helped launch a number of high quality PhDs and Post-doctoral projects on a unique, polemic and central development theme - and one of great importance to the two countries. These efforts will be supported to find their way into peer reviewed articles of international quality, books, edited transcripts and various forms of policy and discussion papers – in both English and Portuguese. The ISS and partners will actively facilitate this process by encouraging other events, including – conferences (following a first such conference in Manaus in 2012) for the discussion of case study progress and for article and book development. Within the ISS/EUR library system a special data base (including photographic archive) on the project (and various subthemes/studies) will be established and a GOLLS virtual network will be created. As the project develops it is also expected that it will find a permanent place within the ISS Research Programme structure, CERES network and EUR School of Social Studies and Humanities. The strong policy orientation of the ISS also suggests that researchers on this theme will come to actively participate in Dutch, EU and other International agency efforts and investigations in relation to value chains and social outcomes. In fact, further yearresearch funding for this theme may come from such sources as a result of the important support provided by this CAPES NUFFIC programme.

3) INVESTMENT PLAN: Students enrolled (even if only jointly) at the ISS/EUR for the PhD will be given a waiver of fees12. In addition, CERES/ISS specialist and methodology courses, writing/English skills assistance, office/library facilities and the like will be provided free of charge. Insurance and other registrations will be organised for students and they will stay in very convenient and modern subsidised ISS housing. Similarly, Post docs will not pay any fees and both Post docs and staff will use these same facilities. These groups may also be able to generate income from teaching, projects and research support work13. Based on the assumption that all arrangements are made during 2013, the following tables (1-2)provide estimates of ISS and partner (CAPES based) funding of PhD,Post doc and Brazilian staff visitors at the ISS/EUR during the years 2014 and 2015. 11 As defined in footnote 8 – also see „ISS Research Programmes and Initiative‟, 2012, ISS, 2012. 12 This also implies that the „true‟ costs of ISS supervision (something above tuition fees – e.g. up to 9600 euros per year per student) will be waived for PhD enrollees. 13 Not included in estimate.

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TABLE 1: CAPES NUFFIC GOLLS PROGRAMME – Partner Funding Aggregates, 2014

ITEM AND VALUE (Euros):

PhD = 2 x 1 year Staff Members = 2 x 1.5 months per year

Per Visitor: CAPES ISS CAPES ISS

Tuition

2888

Handling Fee 38 76 Allowance in NL 15600 5600 ***** One Time Allowance 1300 Book Allowance Airfares (estimates) 1500 3000 Insurance 1080 180 Financial Admin. 250 500 ISS Office /supplies 9600 2400 ISS Supervision * * ISS Extra courses ** 1400 1400 Housing Subsidy*** 1200 300 Travel Subsidy**** 100 400 TOTALS per visitor:

19480 * 15476 8780 ****5076

TOTAL FOR YEAR: 38960 * 30952 8780 ****5076 * Actual ISS supervision costs amount to Euro 9600 per year per student. These are waived but do imply an additional PhD subsidy of Euro 6712 per year per student (i.e. 2888+6712 = 9600 euros) thus making the actual total ISS PhD contribution 22,188 euros per year per PhD student i.e. above CAPES total per student of 19,480 euros.

** Assuming 1-2 short courses - English Academic Writing and/or specialization - expert course.

*** Based on ISS housing price versus market rates for a comparable product (i.e. incl. insurance, utilities, maintenance, deposit & consumables) **** Based on acceptance of GOLLS network related paper to an external conference. ***** Teaching / project involvement would add extra income for visiting staff making ISS subsidy to visiting staff much like that provided by CAPES.

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TABLE 2: CAPES NUFFIC GOLLS PROGRAMME – Partner Funding Aggregates, 2015

ITEM AND VALUE (Euros)

PhD = 1 x 1 year Post Doc = 1 x 1 year Staff Members =

2 x 1.5 months per year

Per student: CAPES ISS CAPES ISS CAPES ISS Tuition 2888 Handling Fee 38 38 76 Allowance in NL 15600 25200 ***** 5600 ***** One Time Allowance 1300 2100 Book Allowance Airfares (estimates) 1500 1500 3000 Insurance 1080 1080 180 Financial Admin. 250 250 500 ISS Office /supplies 9600 9600 2400 ISS Supervision * * 9600 ISS Extra courses ** 1400 700 1400 Housing Subsidy*** 1200 1200 300 Travel Subsidy**** 100 200 400

TOTALS: 19480 * 15476 29880 ***** 21558 8780 *****

5076

* Actual ISS supervision costs amount to Euro 9600 per year per student. These are waived but do imply an additional PhD subsidy of Euro 6712 per year per student (i.e. 2888+6712 = 9600 euros) thus making the actual total ISS PhD contribution 22,188 euros per year per PhD student i.e. above CAPES total per student of 19,480 euros.

** Assuming 1-2 short courses - English Academic Writing and/or specialization - expert course.

*** Based on ISS housing price versus market rates for a comparable product (i.e. incl. insurance, utilities, maintenance, deposit & consumables) **** Based on acceptance of GOLLS network related paper to an external workshop/conference. ***** Teaching / project involvement would add extra income for both Post docs and Visiting staff making ISS subsidy to visiting Post docs and staff much like that provided by CAPES.

4) PROGRAMME GOVERNANCE /MEMBER DETAILS &CONTRIBUTIONS This process requires coordination at the highest academic and professional levels, but also one which takes into account of the differing capabilities/areas of these professionals. At the Netherlands/ ISS level the overall process will be coordinated by Prof Peter Knorringa (a leading figure in development and value chain studies in Europe) but with the assistance of Assoc. Prof Murat Arsel (sustainability) and Dr Lee Pegler (labour studies). From the Brazilian side, this steering group will led by Prof Manoel Reis (key logistics authority in Brazil/in management studies) of the FGV, Sao Paulo. However, he will be ably supported by Prof Tomaz Junior (UNESP – labour geography), Prof Denise Elias (UECE – Economic

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geography) andSr Joao Meirelles (Peabiru - Sustainability NGO, Belem). This steering committee will be responsible for overseeing progress with applications, application acceptance and their distribution across members as well as the preparation of anyrequired reports to CAPES/NUFFIC. At an institutional level, a committee of GOLLS members at each institution will be responsible for:

- articulating the project internally/to their network; - making calls for PhD/Post doc/staff proposals; - liaising with their own admissions committee and support structures in respect to

visitors and for the general organisation of conference, seminar, publication and facilities issues; and for

- keeping the steering committee up to date with progress at and from their institution in respect to the studies and programme overall;

This steering group, GOLLS research members and institutional committees (including emails, areas of specialisation and positions) are provided below. STEERING GROUP / SIGNATORIES: Prof. Peter Knorringa, Professor of Private Sector and Development, ISS, The Hague –knorringa@iss.nl Prof. Manoel Reis, Director, Centre for Logistics and Supply Chain Studies, FGV, Sao Paulo – manoel.reis@fgv.br INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS A) From the Netherlands (&incl.Belgium): Prof. Peter Knorringa, ISS (chains/ enterprise dynamics/responsible production – knorringa@iss.nl) Assoc. Prof Thanh-Dam Truong, ISS (gender/identity/human security – truong@iss.nl) Dr Lee Pegler, ISS (labour studies – pegler@iss.nl) Assoc. Prof Murat Arsel, ISS (environment/sustainability – arsel@iss.nl) DrWouter Jacobs, ITMMA/Antwerp University (logistics – wouter.jacobs@ua.ac.be) Dr Danny Cassimon, IOB/Antwerp University (globalization / poverty studies – danny.cassimon@ua.ac.be) B) From Brazil:

i) Lead Universities Prof. Manoel Reis, FGV, Sao Paulo (logistics/supply chains – manoel.reis@fgv.br) Prof.Mario Monzoni, FGV, Sao Paolo (sustainability – mario.monzoni@fgv.br) Prof. Peter Spink, FGV, Sao Paulo (labour/public policy – peter.spink@fgv.br)

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Prof.Tomaz Junior, UNESP, PresidentePrudente, SP (labour geography – thomazjr@gmail.com) DrJuscelinoBezerra, UPE/UNESP Research Associate (labour geography – juscelinob@yahoo.com.br) Prof. Henrique Pereira, UFAM, Manaus (environment/sustainability - henrique.pereira.ufam@gmail.com) Dr Tatiana Schor, UFAM, Manaus (labour geography–tatiana.schor@gmail.com) Prof. Denise Elias, UECE, Ceara (Economic geography- deniselias@uol.com.br) Dr Denise C. Bomtempo, UECE, Ceara (Economic geography – denibomtempo@hotmail.com) Dr Edilson Alves Pereira Júnior, UECE, Ceara, (Economic geography – edilsonapjr@hotmail.com) Dr Jorge Verschoor, UNISINOS, RS (networks/ enterprise dynamics – jorgevf@unisinos.br) Dr Alonso Balestrin, UNISINOS, RS (networks / enterprise dynamics – abalestrin@unisinos.br) Dr Eliane Superti, UNIFAP, Amapa (labour/public policy- esuperti@gmail.com ) Dr Jodival Mauricio da Costa, UNIFAP, Amapa (geography/environment – jodival.costa@usp.br)

ii) NGO Partners / Facilitators Snr Clovis Scherer, Director, Brasilia Office, DIEESE, Brasilia (labour / unions – clovis@dieese.org.br) Sra Fiorella Machiavello, Research Officer, National Transport/Ports Unions, Brasilia (unions / ports–fiorella@dieese.org.br) Snr Joao Meirelles, PEABIRU, Belem/Para (environment / sustainability – jmeirelles@peabiru.org.br) Dr Maria Jose Barney Gonzalvez, PEABIRU, Belem/Para (labour / gender participation – mariajose@peabiru.org.br)