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“Copernicus” the European Space Programme for Earth

Observation

An Introduction Rome 2017

by Giorgio Bagnasco

(Sentinel-4 Project Manager)

http://www.copernicus.eu http://www.esa.int

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Logistics

Enjoy the presentation !

Introduction European Space Agency (ESA) Directorate of Earth Observation Copernicus Programme – Space Segment Copernicus Programme – Data Copernicus Masters Challenge

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A leading institution

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The European Space Agency

“To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space applications.”

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1975

1964

European Space Research Organisation; 10 European nations pursuing scientific research in space

The European Space Agency; 22 member states] dedicated to the exploitation of space

The European Space Agency

Edoardo Amaldi Pierre Auger

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• 22 Member States (7 EU states with Cooperation Agreements)

• Over 80 satellites designed,

tested and operated in flight

• About 2300 staff in 8 sites/facilities in Europe

• Over 50 years of experience

• 5.8 billion Euro budget (2017)

The European Space Agency

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The European Space Agency’s portfolio covers all the main space activities.

space science

telecom

human spaceflight

exploration earth observation

launchers navigation

operations technology

The European Space Agency

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ESA Overview Austria

Belgium Czech Republic

Denmark Finland France

Germany Greece Ireland

Italy Luxembourg Netherlands

Norway Poland

Portugal Romania

Spain Sweden

Switzerland UK

Canada

41 104 5 13 22 503 440 20 27 420 3 77 25 13 28 6 205 44 29 239 25

Total international staff: 2289

Italy: 18 % of the ESA staff

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ESTEC (European Space and Technology Centre) is the incubator of the European space effort, where most ESA projects are born and where they are guided through the various phases of development.

This is home to the Earth Observation Projects Department

Earth Observation Directorate

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ESRIN (*) , in Frascati, Italy, is ESA’s centre for Earth Observation where operations and exploitation of Earth Observation satellites are managed. (*): European Space Research Institute

Earth Observation Directorate

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Earth Observation Directorate budget

Budget 2017

5.75 B€

B€: Billion Euro

M€: Million Euro

*includes programmes implemented for other institutional partners

Navigation* 17.6%, 1,010.8 M€

Space Science 8.9%, 513.1 M€

Human Spaceflight & Robotic Exploration 11.0%, 633.0 M€

Telecom & Integrated Applications* 5.6%, 319.0 M€

Basic Activities 4.1%, 234.8 M€

Earth Observation 26.9%, 1,543.3 M€

Launchers* 18.9%, 1,088.4 M€

Earth Observation 27 %; 1.5 B€

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Earth Observation Directorate

Meteo Programme • MSG • Metop family • MTG-I & MTG-S

Earth Explorer Programme • Goce • SMOS • Cryosat • Biomass

Copernicus Programme • Sentinel-1 • Sentinel-2 • Sentinel-3 • Sentinel-4

• Sentinel-5p • Sentinel-5 • Sentinel-6

• Aeolus • Earth Care • Swarm

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Copernicus: what is it / what is its main objective

• The European Copernicus programme is by far the biggest and most ambitious Earth Observation programme to date in the world.

• Copernicus is an initiative of the European Commission (EC). • It has been established to fulfil the needs of European policy makers. • Its main aim is the provision to European public and private institutions

of accurate and timely information focused on the environment and climate monitoring to mitigate its short- and long-term effects and to ensure civil security applications.

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Services Component

Space Component

Overall Programme Coordination

Coordinators: Partners:

Service operators

EMCWF

Mercator Ocean

EEA

JRC

EUSC

EMSA snd FRONTEX

Industries Private

companies

National Space

Agencies

Eumetsat

In-situ data are supporting the Space and Services Components

Copernicus: Main building blocks

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Copernicus budget and manpower

420

339

509

215

249

70 260

Sentinel-1A/1BSentinel-2A/2BSentinel-3A/3BSentinel-4A/4BSentinel-5A/5BSentinel-5PSentinel-6A/6B

2063 M€

200 Full Time Equivalent staff

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Copernicus space component: the magnificent 7 Sentinels 1st generation

Sentinel-1: land and ocean monitoring. (LEO)

Sentinel-2: land monitoring. (LEO)

Sentinel-3: ocean forecasting, environmental and climate monitoring. (LEO)

Sentinel-4: Atmospheric monitoring (GEO)

Sentinel-5: Atmospheric monitoring (LEO)

Sentinel-5 P: Atmospheric monitoring (LEO)

Sentinel-6: Oceanography climate monitoring

(LEO)

Sentinel-1 Sentinel-3

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Sentinel-1A: 3 Apr 2014 Sentinel-1B: 22 Apr 2016

Sentinel-2A: 23 Jun 2016 Sentinel-2B: 7 Mar 2017

Sentinel-3A: 16 Feb 2016 Sentinel-3A/3B: Q1 2018

Sentinel-5p: 13 Oct 2017

Sentinels Launches Progression

Sentinel-4A: 2021 Sentinel-4B: 2031

Sentinel-5A: 2021 Sentinel-5B: 2031

Sentinel-6A: 2020

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Sentinel 1 and 2

• PAYLOAD: Multi Spectral Imager • Separate VNIR and SWIR detection chains • 13 multispectral channels: between 400 nm and 2300 nm • Spatial resolution: 10m, 20m, 60m • Spectral resolution: 1nm – 180 nm • Geo-location: < 20m (3s)

• Operational applications. • high resolution images from Land with unprecedented revisit between for

agriculture forestry, human inhabitancy, and their interactions. • S/C

• Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Mass: 1200 kg • Power: 1700 W • Science Data Storage Capacity: 2.4 Tbits • Data rate: 490Mbits after on-board compression

• PAYLOAD: C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; Centre frequency: 5.405 GHz • Operational applications.

• Monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment • Surveillance of marine environment • Monitoring land surface motion risks • Mapping of land surfaces: forest, water and soil, agriculture • Mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations

• S/C • Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Mass: 2300 kg • Solar Array Power: 5900 W • Science Data Storage Capacity: 1.4 Tbit

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Sentinel 3 and 5

• PAYLOAD: high resolution imaging spectrometer • Operational applications:

• atmospheric chemistry monitoring (O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CO, CH4 ) at high temporal and spatial resolution; ultraviolet (270-370 nm); visible (370-500 nm); near-infrared (685-773 nm); short-wave infrared (1590-1675 & 2305-2385nm)

• spatial resolution about 7 km. • Mass = 300 kg • Power = 250 W • Data Rate during acquisition = < 20 Mbps

• PAYLOAD: • Ocean and Land Colour imager; 21 bands [0.4-1.02] μm • Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer: 9 bands [0.55-12]μm

• Noise equivalent dT: 50mK (TIR) at 270K • SAR Radar Altimeter; Total range error: 3cm • MicroWave Radiometer: 23.8GHz 36.5GHz;

• Operational applications. • Sea/land colour data, surface temperature • Sea surface and land ice topography • coastal zones, in-land water and sea ice topography. • Vegetation products

• S/C • Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Mass: 2500 kg • Power: 2100 W. • 2x280Mbps X-band science data downlink • Science Data Storage Capacity: 384 Gbit

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Sentinel 5p and 6

• PAYLOAD: SAR Radar Altimeter • Operational applications:

• high-precision ocean topography service • S/C:

• Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Mass: 1440 kg • Power: 900 W • Science Data storage : 496 Gbits

• PAYLOAD: UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer • Operational applications: atmospheric chemistry data at high temporal and spatial

resolution with increased frequency of cloud-free observations for the study of tropospheric variability.

• SC • Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Mass 900 kg. • Power: 1500 W • Science Data Storage Capacity:: 480 Gbit

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The Sentinels

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Sentinel-4 Mission Objective

To measure each day from a geo orbit the atmospheric composition over Europe for the

Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, on an hourly basis and with high spatial resolution

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Sentinel-4: Spectral Signatures

SWIR VIS NIR UV Ozone vertical profile (O3) Tropospheric ozone (O3) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Albedo Total ozone (O3) Aerosol Formaldehyde (HCHO) Bromine monoxide (BrO) Rayleigh scat. (cloud), aerosol abs. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Glyoxal (CHOCHO) O2-O2 (cloud) Water vapour and cloud (eff. scatt. height) O-A (cloud, aerosol) Methane (CH4) Aerosol profile

Sentinel-4

1600 400 600 800 500 700 1800 2000 2200 300 200 2400 Wavelength (nm)

Priority A Priority B

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Sentinel-4: Working Principle

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Sentinel-4: Europe spatial coverage

Instantaneous Field of View

SZA = 90 °

SZA = 92°

equinox

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Sentinel-4 high spatial resolution

GOME-2

Sciamachy

OMI

Imag

e: G

oogle

map

s

S4

GOME: 40 X 40 Km GOME: 40 X 40 Km

Sciamachy: 30 x 60 Km

OMI : 13 X 24 km

Sentinel-4 : 8 x 8 km

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Relative Spectral radiometric accuracy

Irradiance and Radiance Measurement Derived Reflectance

Note how small the NO2 features are: about 0.5% signal strength of the total signal

Contributors to these Spectral Features are: polarisation scrambler, coatings, gratings, sun diffuser, straylight, gain change, …

< 0.05 %!

3 nm

Sentinel-4 Critical Design Review –Kick-Off Meeting – 10 November 2016 – ESA Presentation

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Sentinel-4: the instrument cut view

h=1411 mm; w= 740 mm; l=1060 mm;

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• Anthropogenic CO2 monitoring

• Polar ice/ snow topography

• Arctic see ice microwave imaging

climate change

marine & polar environment monitoring

land monitoring (agriculture, food security) emergency management (geohazards)

Copernicus space component: the possible Sentinels 2nd generation

• High Res. Land Temperature imaging

• Hyperspectral land imaging

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Conclusions • Copernicus is by far the biggest and most ambitious Earth

Observation programme to date in the world.

• The European Space Agency, who is in charge to deliver the

wealth of Copernicus data by means of his 30 satellites, needs people with your skill, your knowledge and your passion to maintain its Earth Observation leadership in the world for the benefit of the European citizens and the progress of public and private European institutions