aÌ„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ2020/06/25 · ÄçÉãàâëäàâ ǂ‰ÂÌË èÓÁ‚ÓθÚÂ...
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Ò·ÓÌËÍ ÛÔ‡ÊÌÂÌËÈ ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË
&
ËÌÒÚÛ͈Ë
PIMSLEUR ®
AÌ„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ
english for russian speakers
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ÄçÉãàâëäàâenglish for russian speakers
Ò·ÓÌËÍ ÛÔ‡ÊÌÂÌËÈ ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË
PIMSLEURSIMON & SCHUSTER’S
®
Graphic Design: Maia Kennedy
© and ‰ Recorded Program 2001 by Simon & Schuster Audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
© Reading Booklet 2001 by Simon & Schuster Audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
All rights reserved. / ÇÒ Ôp‡‚‡ Á‡˘Ë˘ÂÌ˚.
óÚÓ·˚ ÔÓÎÛ˜ËÚ¸ ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌÛ˛ ËÌÙÓpχˆË˛, – ÔÓÁ‚ÓÌËÚ ÔÓ ÚÂÎÂÙÓÌÛ
1-800-831-5497 ËÎË ÔÓÒÂÚËÚ ̇¯ Ò‡ÈÚ Ì‡ àÌÚÂpÌÂÚÂ:
www.Pimsleur.com
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äÛpÒ ÓÁ‚ۘ˂‡ÎË
êÛÒÒÍËÈ ‚Â‰Û˘ËÈ Dmitry Kukunov ÑÏËÚpËÈ äÛÍÛÌÓ‚ÄÏÂpË͇ÌÒÍËÈ ‚Â‰Û˘ËÈ . . . . . Barry NelsonÑËÍÚÓp-ÊÂÌ˘Ë̇. . . . . . . . . . . Sherry BakerÑËÍÚÓp-ÏÛʘË̇ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ray Brown
äÛpÒ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚ËÎËDmitry Kukunov ♦ Christopher J. Gainty
ÑÏËÚpËÈ äÛÍÛÌÓ‚
ꉇÍÚÓp˚ ÍÛpÒ‡Dr. Ulrike S. Rettig ♦ Joan Schoellner
Beverly D. Heinle
ñËÙpÓ‚‡ Á‡ÔËÒ¸ ÍÛpÒ‡ ÓÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎÂ̇ ÔÓ‰ pÛÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÓÏ: Christopher Best
àÌÊÂÌÂp Á‚ÛÍÓÁ‡ÔËÒË: Peter S. Turpin
Simon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MA
Ç˚‡Ê‡ÂÏ ÔËÁ̇ÚÂÎÌÓÒÚ¸ Ú‡ÍÊÂ
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ìÔp‡ÊÌÂÌË ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË
ǂ‰ÂÌË . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1AÌ„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ AÎÙ‡‚ËÚ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ìpÓÍ 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7ìpÓÍ 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8ìpÓÍ 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9ìpÓÍ 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10ìpÓÍ 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11ìpÓÍ 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12ìpÓÍ 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13ìpÓÍ 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14ìpÓÍ 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15ìpÓÍ 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16ìpÓÍ 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17ìpÓÍ 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18ìpÓÍ 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19ìpÓÍ 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ìpÓÍ 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21ìpÓÍ 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22ìpÓÍ 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23ìpÓÍ 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24ìpÓÍ 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25ìpÓÍ 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26ìpÓÍ 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
ëéÑÖêÜÄçàÖ
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ǂ‰ÂÌËÂ
èÓÁ‚ÓθÚ ÔÓ‰ÂÎËÚ¸Ò Ò ‚‡ÏË ÌÂÍÓÚ-Óp˚ÏË ÌÂχÎÓ‚‡ÊÌ˚ÏË ÒÓÓ·p‡ÊÂÌËÏË ÔÓ ÔÓ‚Ó‰Û ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸ ̇Á‚‡ÌÓ «ÇÁ‡ËÏÓÒ‚Á‡ÌÌÓ ˜ÚÂÌË» Ë ËÏÂÂÚ ÒÛ˘-ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ Á̇˜ÂÌË ‰Î ÔÓÌËχÌË ÒÛÚË ÔpÓËÒıÓ‰˘Â„Ó ‚ ÔpÓˆÂÒÒ ˜ÚÂÌË ÔËÒ¸ÏÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÚÂÍÒÚ‡.
ÑΠ̇„ΉÌÓÒÚË ÔÓÔpÓ·ÛÂÏ Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ Ò· ڇÍÛ˛ ÒËÚÛ‡ˆË˛. çÂÍËÈ „ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌ Ä. ÔÓÒÚ‡p‡ÎÒ ÓÒ‚ÓËÚ¸ ÔpÓËÁÌÓ¯ÂÌË ·ÛÍ‚ pÛÒÒÍÓ„Ó ‡ÎÙ‡‚ËÚ‡, ÌÓ ‰Î ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË Ò‡ÏÓ„Ó pÛÒÒÍÓ„Ó Á˚͇ Û ÌÂ„Ó Ì ·˚ÎÓ ‚pÂÏÂÌË. Ç ÓÚ΢ˠÓÚ ÌÂ„Ó „ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌ Å. ‰ÓÒÚË„ ÓÔp‰ÂÎÌÌ˚ı ÛÒÔÂıÓ‚ ‚ ÓÒ‚ÓÂÌËË p‡Á„Ó‚ÓpÌÓ„Ó pÛÒÒÍÓ„Ó Á˚͇, ÌÓ ÓÌ ÌËÍÓ„‰‡ Ì ÔpÓ·Ó‚‡Î ˜ËÚ‡Ú¸ Ì˘„Ó, ̇ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÔÓ-pÛÒÒÍË. Ç Ó‰ËÌ ÔpÂÍp‡ÒÌ˚È ‰Â̸ „ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌ Å. ÔÓÎÛ˜ËÎ ÔËÒ¸ÏÓ, ̇ÔËÒ‡ÌÌÓ ÔÓ-pÛÒÒÍË. ÖÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ, ÓÌ Ì ÒÏÓ„ ÔpÓ˜ËÚ‡Ú¸ „Ó. éÌ ÔÓ͇Á‡Î ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌÓ ÔËÒ¸ÏÓ „ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌÛ Ä., ÚÓÚ, ‚ˉ Á̇ÍÓÏ˚ ·ÛÍ‚˚, ÚÂÏ Ì ÏÂÌ ̠ÒÏÓ„ ÌË˜Â„Ó ÔÓÌÚ¸ ËÁ ÒÓ‰ÂpʇÌË ÔËҸχ. é‰Ì‡ÍÓ ‚Ò ÍÓ̘ËÎÓÒ¸ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ıÓpÓ¯Ó: „ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌ Ä. ÔpÓ˜ËڇΠ‚ÒÎÛı ÒÓÒÚӢˠËÁ Á̇ÍÓÏ˚ı ÂÏÛ ·ÛÍ‚ ÌÂÔÓÌÚÌ˚ ‰Î ÌÂ„Ó ÒÎÓ‚‡, ÍÓÚÓp˚ „ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌ Å. ÒÏÓ„ ÛÁ̇ڸ Ë ÔÂp‚ÂÒÚË Ì‡ pÓ‰ÌÓÈ Á˚Í – Í ·Óθ¯ÓÈ p‡‰ÓÒÚË Ó·ÓËı.
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à ‚ÓÚ ‚ÓÔpÓÒ: «äÚÓ Ê ˜ËڇΠÔËÒ¸ÏÓ, Ä. ËÎË Å.?» ç Úp‡Ú ‚pÂÏ Ì‡ ËÁÎË¯Ì˛˛ ÔÓÎÂÏËÍÛ ÔÓ ÁÚÓÏÛ ÔÓ‚Ó‰Û, ÓÚÏÂÚËÏ ‚ÔÓÎÌ Ә‚ˉÌÓÂ: Ò‚Ó·Ó‰ÌÓ ‚·‰ÂÌË Á˚ÍÓÏ ÔÓ‰p‡ÁÛÏ‚‡ÂÚ ÒÓ‚ÓÍÛÔÌÓ ӷ·‰‡ÌË ÚÂÏË Ì‡‚˚͇ÏË, ÍÓÚÓp˚ÏË ‚ ̇¯ÂÈ ËÒÚÓpËË ÔÓpÓÁ̸ ·˚ÎË Ì‡‰ÂÎÂÌ˚ „ÓÒÔÓ‰‡ Ä. Ë Å. à ÔÓÁÚÓÏÛ ÔpÓ„p‡Ïχ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ ÔÓ ÏÂÚÓ‰Û ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡ Ôp‰ÛÒχÚpË‚‡ÂÚ Ó·Û˜ÂÌË ̇‚˚Í‡Ï ̃ ÚÂÌË ËÏÂÌÌÓ Ú‡Í, ‡ Ì ͇Í-ÌË·Û‰¸ Ë̇˜Â.
ëÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ÙÂÌÓÏÂÌ ˜ÚÂÌË ÏÓÊÌÓ ÓÔp‰ÂÎËÚ¸ Í‡Í «ÔpÓˆÂÒÒ p‡Ò¯ËÙpÓ‚ÍË „p‡Ù˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ËÌÙÓpχˆËË Ò ˆÂθ˛ ÓÔp‰ÂÎÂÌË ÒÏ˚Ò· ÒÓ‰Âpʇ˘Â„ÓÒ ‚ ÌÂÈ ÒÓÓ·˘ÂÌË». àÌ˚ÏË ÒÎÓ‚‡ÏË, ˜ÚÂÌË Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ Ó·p‡ÚÌÓ ‰‚ËÊÂÌËÂ Í ÛÒÚÌÓÈ pÂ˜Ë ˜ÂpÂÁ Ó·ÓÁ̇˜‡˛˘Ë  „p‡Ù˘ÂÒÍË ÒËÏ‚ÓÎ˚. èÓÚÂ̈ˇθÌÓ Í‡Ê‰˚È ÔËÒ¸ÏÂÌÌ˚È ÚÂÍÒÚ ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸ ÓÁ‚Û˜ÂÌ ‚ÔÓÎÌ ÍÓÌÍpÂÚÌ˚Ï Ó·p‡ÁÓÏ, ÌÓ ‰Î ‚˚ÌÂÒÂÌË ‚ÂpÌÓ„Ó ÒÛʉÂÌË Ó ÚÓÏ, ͇ÍËÏ Ó·p‡ÁÓÏ ‰ÓÎÊÂÌ ÔpË ˜ÚÂÌËË ‚ÒÎÛı Á‚Û˜‡Ú¸ ÚÓÚ ËÎË ËÌÓÈ ÚÂÍÒÚ, Úp·ÛÂÚÒ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ‚˚ÒÓÍËÈ ÛpÓ‚Â̸ ‚·‰ÂÌË Á˚ÍÓÏ. íÂÏ Ì ÏÂÌ ӂ·‰ÂÌË p‡Á„Ó‚ÓpÌÓÈ p˜¸˛ ‚ÎÂÚÒ ÔÂp‚˚Ï Ë ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ˚Ï ÛÒÎÓ‚ËÂÏ ‰Î Ó·pÂÚÂÌË
ǂ‰ÂÌË (Ôpo‰oίÂÌËÂ)
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ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ǂ‰ÂÌË (Ôpo‰oίÂÌËÂ)
̇‚˚ÍÓ‚ ÓÒÏ˚ÒÎÂÌÌÓ„Ó ˜ÚÂÌË ‚ÒÎÛı ̇ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓÏ Á˚ÍÂ. ìÔp‡ÊÌÂÌË ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË, Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ ‚ ÁÚÓÏ Ò·ÓpÌËÍÂ, ÔÓÏÓ„ÛÚ ‚‡Ï ҉·ڸ ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ËÈ ¯‡„. èpË Ëı ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í ‚ ÔÂp‚Û˛ Ó˜Âp‰¸ ÔpÂÒΉӂ‡Î‡Ò¸ ˆÂθ ÔÓÏÓ˜¸ ‚‡Ï ‚ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌËË Ò‚ÁË ÏÂÊ‰Û Á‚Û͇ÏË ÛÒÚÌÓÈ pÂ˜Ë Ë ·ÛÍ‚‡ÏË ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍÓ„Ó ‡ÎÙ‡‚ËÚ‡.
ëÓÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË ÍÛpÒ‡ Ôp‰ÔÓ·„‡ÎË, ˜ÚÓ ‚˚ ËÏÂÂÚ ıÓÚ ·˚ Ò‡ÏÓ ̇˜‡Î¸ÌÓ Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ó Á‚Û͇ı Ë ·ÛÍ‚‡ı ‡Ì„ÎËÈ- ÒÍÓ„Ó Á˚͇. Ç ıӉ ӷۘÂÌË, ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓ ÓÒ‚‡Ë‚‡ χÚÂpË‡Î Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ËÁ ÛpÓÍÓ‚, ‚‡Ï Ôp‰ÒÚÓËÚ ÔpÓ‰‚Ë„‡Ú¸Ò ÓÚ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË ÛÊ ËÁ‚ÂÒÚ-ÌÓ„Ó Í ÔÓÒÚËÊÂÌ˲ ÌÓ‚Ó„Ó, ÓÚ ÔpÓÒÚÂȯËı ·ÛÍ‚ÂÌÌÓ-Á‚ÛÍÓ‚˚ı ÒÓ˜ÂÚ‡ÌËÈ Í ˜ÚÂÌ˲ ‚Ò ·ÓÎÂÂ Ë ·ÓΠÒÎÓÊÌ˚ı ÍÓÏ·Ë̇ˆËÈ Ë ÔpËÏÂpÓ‚. ÑÎ Û‰Ó·ÒÚ‚‡ p‡·ÓÚ˚ ̇‰ ÛpÓ͇ÏË ‚ ̇ÒÚÓ˘ËÈ Ò·ÓpÌËÍ ÛÔp‡ÊÌÂÌËÈ ‚Íβ˜Ì ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ ‡ÎÙ‡‚ËÚ ‚˚ ÏÓÊÂÚ ̇ÈÚË Â„Ó Ì‡ ÒÚp‡Ìˈ 6. éÒ‚Âʇ Â„Ó ‚ Ò‚ÓÂÈ Ô‡ÏÚË, Ó·p‡ÚËÚ ‚ÌËχÌË ̇ ÚÓ, ̃ ÚÓ ÌÂÍÓÚÓp˚ ËÁ ·ÛÍ‚ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍÓ„Ó ‡ÎÙ‡‚ËÚ‡ ÒıÓ‰Ì˚ ÒÓ Ò‚ÓËÏË pÛÒÒÍËÏË ÁÍ‚Ë‚‡ÎÂÌ-Ú‡ÏË. Ç ÚÓ Ê ‚pÂÏ ÌÂχÎÓ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËı ·ÛÍ‚, ÔÓıÓ‰˘Ëı Ò‚ÓËÏ Ì‡ÔËÒ‡ÌËÂÏ Ì‡ pÛÒÒÍËÂ, ÔpÓËÁÌÓÒÚÒ ÒÓ‚Âp¯ÂÌÌÓ Ë̇˜Â.
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ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
èÛÒÚ¸ ÁÚÓ Ó·ÒÚÓÚÂθÒÚ‚Ó Ì ÔÛ„‡ÂÚ ‚‡Ò: ‚ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ÒÍÓpÓÏ ‚pÂÏÂÌË ÓÌÓ ÔÂpÂÒÚ‡-ÌÂÚ ·˚Ú¸ ‰Î ‚‡Ò ÔpÓ·ÎÂÏÓÈ. ïÓÚ, p‡ÁÛÏÂÂÚÒ, Ó·Û˜ÂÌË ˜ÚÂÌ˲ ̇ ‡Ì„Î-ËÈÒÍÓÏ Á˚Í ÔÓÚp·ÛÂÚ Ë ÓÔp‰ÂÎÌÌÓ„Ó ÚpÛ‰‡, Ë ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ„Ó ÚÂpÔÂÌË.
èp‰·„‡ÂÏ˚È ‚‡¯ÂÏÛ ‚ÌËχÌ˲ ÍÛpÒ «AÌ„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ» ÒÓ‰ÂpÊËÚ ‰‚‡‰ˆ‡Ú¸ Ó‰ÌÓ ÛÔp‡ÊÌÂÌË ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË. ÇÒ ÓÌË Á‡ÔËÒ‡Ì˚ ‚ ÍÓ̈ ÍÛpÒ‡ – ÔÓÒΠÛÒÚÌ˚ı ÛpÓÍÓ‚. Ç˚ ÏÓÊÂÚ ҇ÏË ‚˚·p‡Ú¸ ̇˷ÓΠۉӷÌ˚È ‰Î ‚‡Ò ‚‡pˇÌÚ p‡·ÓÚ˚ Ò ÁÚËÏË ÛÔp‡ÊÌÂÌËÏË: ÎË·Ó ˜ÂpÂ‰Û Ëı ‚˚ÔÓÎ-ÌÂÌËÂ Ò ÓÒ‚ÓÂÌËÂÏ ÛpÓÍÓ‚ ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌÓ„Ó ̂ ËÍ·, ÎË·Ó ‚Ó‚Ò ÓÚÎÓÊË‚ ˜ÚÂÌË ‚ ÒÚÓpÓÌÛ – ‰Ó Á‡‚Âp¯ÂÌË ‚ÒÂı Úpˉˆ‡ÚË ÛÒÚÌ˚ı ÛpÓÍÓ‚. íÂÏ Ì ÏÂÌÂÂ, ÌÂÁ‡‚ËÒËÏÓ ÓÚ Ò‰Â·ÌÌÓ„Ó ‚‡ÏË ‚˚·Óp‡, ËÏÂÈÚ ‚ ‚ˉÛ, ̃ ÚÓ ÛÔp‡ÊÌÂÌË ‰Î ̃ ÚÂÌË ÒÓ‰ÂpÊ‡Ú Í‡Í Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ ‚ ÍÛpÒ ÒÎÓ‚‡ Ë ‚˚p‡ÊÂÌË, Ú‡Í Ë ÒÓ‚Âp¯ÂÌÌÓ ÌÓ‚˚È Ï‡ÚÂpˇÎ. èÓÁÚÓÏÛ, ÏÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸, ‚˚ ÔÓ˜Û‚ÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ ·Óθ¯Â ۉӂÎÂÚ‚ÓpÂÌËÂ, ÂÒÎË Ì‡˜ÌÚ p‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ Ò ÛÔp‡ÊÌÂÌËÏË ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË ÔÓÒΠÓÒ‚ÓÂÌË ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌÓÈ ˜‡ÒÚË ÍÛpÒ‡. àÒ˜ÂpÔ˚‚‡˛˘Ë ËÌÒÚpÛ͈ËË ÔÓ p‡·ÓÚ ̇‰ ÛÔp‡ÊÌÂÌËÏË ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË ‚˚ ÔÓÎÛ˜ËÚ ÓÚ ‰ËÍÚÓp‡, ÒÎÛ¯‡ ‡Û‰ËÓÁ‡ÔËÒ¸ ÁÚËı ÛpÓÍÓ‚.
ǂ‰ÂÌË (Ôpo‰oίÂÌËÂ)
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ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ꇷÓÚ‡ ̇‰ ÛÔp‡ÊÌÂÌËÏË ‰Î ˜ÚÂÌË, ËÏÂÈÚ ‚ ‚ˉÛ, ˜ÚÓ ‚ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍÓÏ Á˚Í ÒÓ‰ÂpÊËÚÒ Á̇˜ËÚÂθÌÓ ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó p‡ÁÌÓ„Ó pÓ‰‡ ËÒÍβ˜ÂÌËÈ, ÔÓÁÚÓÏÛ ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌ˚È Ï‡ÚÂpˇÎ, ‚Íβ˜ÌÌ˚È ‚ ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏÛ ÛpÓÍÓ‚, ÓÚp‡Ê‡ÂÚ ÒÍÓp ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ̃ ‡ÒÚÓ ‚ÒÚp˜‡˛˘ËÂÒ ÔpËÏÂp˚, ÌÂÊÂÎË ÊÒÚÍÓ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ Ôp‡‚Ë·. íÂÏ Ì ÏÂÌÂÂ, ÔÓ ÏÂp ӷӄ‡˘ÂÌË Ò‚ÓÂ„Ó ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌÓ„Ó Á‡Ô‡Ò‡ ‚˚ Á‡ÏÂÚËÚÂ, ˜ÚÓ ËÒÍβ˜ÂÌË Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚Î˛Ú ‰Î ‚‡Ò ‚Ò ÏÂ̸¯Â Ë ÏÂ̸¯Â ÔpÓ·ÎÂÏ. Ç ÒÍÓpÓÏ ‚pÂÏÂÌË ‚˚ ̇˜ÌÚ ÛÊ p‡ÒÔÓÁ̇‚‡Ú¸ ÒÎÓ‚‡, ‚ÓÒÔpËÌËχ Ëı ˆÂÎËÍÓÏ – ·ÂÁ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚË ÔpÓ„Ó‚‡pË-‚‡Ú¸ Ëı ·ÛÍ‚‡ Á‡ ·ÛÍ‚ÓÈ.
Ç˚·Óp ÚÂÏÔÓ‚ ÔpÓ‰‚ËÊÂÌË ‚ÔÂp‰ ‚ p‡·ÓÚ ̇‰ ÁÚËÏË ÛpÓ͇ÏË ˆÂÎËÍÓÏ Ë ÔÓÎÌÓÒÚ¸˛ Ôp‰ÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÚÒ ‚‡Ï. ã˛·ÓÈ ËÁ ÁÚËı ÛpÓÍÓ‚ ‚˚ ÏÓÊÂÚ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÚ¸ ÒÚÓθÍÓ p‡Á, ÒÍÓθÍÓ ‚˚ Ò‡ÏË ÒÓ˜ÚÚ ÌÛÊÌ˚Ï ‰Î ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ÔÓ˜Û‚ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸ Ò· „ÓÚÓ‚˚ÏË ‰Î ÔÂpÂıÓ‰‡ Í ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ÂÏÛ ÛpÓÍÛ. èpËÎÓÊËÚ ıÓÚ ·˚ ÏËÌËÏÛÏ ÛÒËÎËÈ – Ë ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ÔpËÚÌÓ Û‰Ë‚ÎÂÌ˚, ̇ÒÍÓθÍÓ ·˚ÒÚpÓ ‚˚ ̇ۘËÎËÒ¸ ˜ËÚ‡Ú¸ ÔÓ-‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍË.
ǂ‰ÂÌË (Ôpo‰oίÂÌËÂ)
6
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
AÌ„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ AÎÙ‡‚ËÚ
A a N n
B b O o
C c P p
D d Q q
E e R r
F f S s
G g T t
H h U u
I i V v
J j W w
K k X x
L l Y y
M m Z z
É·ÒÌ˚È ʺ‚ÛÍ
A a E e I i O o U u
7
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 1
1. it
2. kit
3. sit
4. fix
5. six
6. fin
7. I
8. fine
9. fin / fine
10. nine
11. site
12. my
13. by
14. kite
15. miss
16. did
17. bit
18. bite
19. big bite
20. I like Ike.
8
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 2
1. in
2. win
3. wine
4. sine
5. is
6. It is his.
7. nine times
8. my wife
9. Try it.
10. tin
11. ten
12. set
13. net
14. lift
15. left
16. five miles
17. mister
18. Mr.
19. Mrs.
20. Mrs. Mike is fine.
9
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 3
1. let
2. lit
3. lite
4. ten men
5. teen
6. week
7. See me.
8. we need
9. eat
10. east
11. fifty
12. sixty
13. he is
14. he’s
15. He’s fifteen.
16. he’d
17. He’d like wine.
18. please
19. We’d like tea, please.
20. Hi, miss!
10
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 4
1. We sit.
2. He bet.
3. Eat it.
4. It’s twenty feet.
5. Did he leave?
6. Please repeat.
7. fat
8. mat
9. at
10. ate
11. late
12. lay
13. stay
14. We can stay —
15. ten days.
16. I hate my hat.
17. We have six cats.
18. My cat sat in my hat.
19. He’s bad.
20. Maybe.
11
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 5
1. say
2. If I may say —
3. my family
4. Kate’s cat
5. Kate’s cat is fast.
6. cash
7. she
8. She likes fish.
9. we wish
10. action
11. fiction
12. tension
13. She’s my wife.
14. She’s shy.
15. Why?
16. Why mention it?
12
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 6
1. dish
2. It’s his dish.
3. We have six fish.
4. We read fiction.
5. mop
6. hop
7. stop and shop
8. tot
9. tote
10. mope
11. No.
12. road
13. coat
14. goat
15. blow
16. grow
17. Hello!
18. don’t
19. Please don’t go.
20. We won’t mention it.
21. It’s not bad.
22. I hope not.
13
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 7
1. boat
2. note
3. not
4. It’s not on East Street.
5. No, we won’t go.
6. but
7. cup
8. Grow up!
9. six hundred
10. We must eat.
11. a lot
12. some wine
13. Come in!
14. He needs money.
15. Does she like him?
16. We like the wine.
17. It’s a hundred.
18. He’s American.
14
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 8
1. us
2. He understands us.
3. Meet me at the hotel.
4. Welcome!
5. yes
6. yesterday
7. yellow
8. The sun is yellow.
9. use
10. us / use
11. muse
12. fuse
13. you
14. Excuse me, miss.
15. Pay attention!
16. Don’t confuse me!
17. We have a used car.
18. It’s cute.
15
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 9
1. yak
2. yam
3. Do you understand?
4. Not yet.
5. Is she American?
6. She likes cheese.
7. chin
8. shin
9. such
10. Cheer up!
11. book
12. shook
13. Look at him!
14. Can we eat lunch?
15. She can cook fish and chips.
16. It’s not much.
17. But it’s cheap.
18. Good-bye!
16
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 10
1. sheep
2. cheap
3. Don’t cheat!
4. By hook or by crook.
5. In cash, please.
6. cop
7. cope
8. can’t
9. cent
10. lace
11. a nice face
12. I need some peace.
13. Try the wine.
14. It’s good.
15. She took a trip.
16. She’s in the city.
17. He’s at the Cape.
17
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 11
1. cook
2. look
3. “I am not a crook.”
4. case
5. cease
6. Shall we dance?
7. It’s a cinch.
8. the
9. then
10. this
11. That’s my hotel.
12. It’s over there.
13. Thanks.
14. I think so.
15. He’s with me.
16. We have three children.
17. That’s a lot!
18
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 12
1. Is this the road?
2. Where are the children?
3. They’re over there.
4. Thirteen gallons, please.
5. Thank you very much.
6. What does that mean?
7. I don’t think so.
8. do
9. to
10. I’d like to go home.
11. soon
12. zoo
13. Me, too.
14. Where’s a bathroom?
15. Who’s that?
16. Well then, let’s eat.
17. With whom?
18. We can go together.
19
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 13
1. do
2. Do you know — ?
3. Who took my book?
4. No, I don’t.
5. go
6. Go to the left.
7. You, too.
8. Today it’s May.
9. pat
10. Pat has a pet.
11. bet
12. pet / bet
13. tab / tap
14. What a big pig!
15. He rode his bike on the pike.
16. cloak
17. croak
18. It’s my clock.
19. Close the book.
20. He’s cross.
20
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 14
1. Pam’s boat
2. Bob’s map
3. I know best.
4. Don’t be a pest!
5. We ate clams —
6. and crabs.
7. It’s not clear.
8. want
9. water
10. She wants some water.
11. He does, too.
12. We walk each day.
13. We wander and wonder.
14. Wash your face!
15. all
16. tall
17. That man is tall!
18. His wife is small.
19. Do you like walnuts?
20. Wall Street
21
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 15
1. We want some water.
2. He wants beer.
3. Three beers, please!
4. Did you call?
5. Let’s play ball.
6. It’s a walrus!
7. We know.
8. now
9. We know now.
10. Wow!
11. a brown cow
12. How are you?
13. out
14. gout
15. out and about
16. our children
17. Our children went to town.
18. She can count to ten.
19. What’s that sound?
22
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 16
1. how
2. How much is it?
3. Our Town
4. cap and gown
5. Let’s look around.
6. The clown fell down.
7. We want to leave now.
8. We want to go to East Street.
9. strap
10. traps
11. stop
12. He can stop at this spot.
13. Stand still!
14. Do you speak Spanish?
15. He’s spry.
16. The stores are closed now.
17. Three strikes — you’re out!
18. The stray cat can stay with us.
19. Trust me.
20. Trick or treat!
23
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 17
1. You speak too fast. 2. Please stop it! 3. We struck it rich. 4. We spent a lot of money. 5. faster 6. later 7. I want to eat later. 8. over there 9. Is that her sister? 10. How much per gallon? 11. It’s ten dollars.12. pastor13. This is major — 14. not minor. 15. Walter is a coal miner. 16. minor / miner 17. First Street 18. thirty 19. burn 20. Turn left. 21. our girl 22. Our girl is thirsty. 23. She’d like some water.
24
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 18
1. Mr. Miller
2. Our girl is bigger.
3. I’d like to have dinner with you.
4. I need sixty dollars.
5. Have you seen Wall Street?
6. Hello, nurse.
7. Don’t litter.
8. I’m sorry.
9. Please pass the butter.
10. She filled my glass.
11. The man opened the door.
12. The lady closed it.
13. I’m pleased to meet you.
14. We owed him money.
15. She welcomed him.
16. We missed the bus.
17. He stopped to eat.
18. We kissed.
19. She stayed too late.
20. You’re excused.
25
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 19
1. a diller, a dollar
2. His feet went pitter-patter.
3. My dentist has good manners.
4. Don’t be silly.
5. The men liked this dish.
6. We wined and dined.
7. Her husband worked at home.
8. The beggar wished to be rich.
9. He needed money.
10. He wanted it.
11. The ice melted.
12. I counted sheep —
13. to get to sleep.
14. His wife waited for us.
15. The teacher repeated the word.
26
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 20
1. She wanted some French wine.
2. We clapped our hands.
3. The children visited me.
4. Does it snow there?
5. It snowed a lot last week.
6. Is it snowing now?
7. ring
8. rang
9. rung
10. She’s strong!
11. "Sing a song of sixpence —"
12. Is the man speaking to me?
13. I’d like something to drink.
14. Today I’m going to Washington.
15. But she’s going to Long Beach.
16. For how long?
17. Think spring!
27
ÄçÉãàâëäàâ
ìpÓÍ 21
1. This is Tom Small.
2. But he’s not small — he’s tall! 1
3. His wife is Pam Small.
4. And this is the Small family.
5. The Small family is a big family.
6. The Smalls have five children.
7. The Small children are little —
8. but Mr. Small is big.
9. The Small family has big Smalls —
10. and little Smalls.
11. The Small family needs a big car.
12. Pleased to meet you, Mr. and Mrs.
Small!
1 “tall” - «‚˚ÒÓÍËÈ»
àçëíêìäñàü
PIMSLEUR ®
SIMON & SCHUSTER’S
english for russian speakers
ÉOBOPàíú èé-ÄçÉãàâëäà ãÖÉäé à èêéëíé
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åÓÊÂÚ ·˚Ú¸, ÔÓÁÊÂ, ÔÓ ‰ÓÒÚËÊÂÌËË ÁpÂÎÓ„Ó ‚ÓÁp‡ÒÚ‡, ‚˚ Ôp‰ÔpËÌÎË ·ÓΠÒÂp¸ÁÌ˚ ÔÓÔ˚ÚÍË Ó‚Î‡‰ÂÚ¸ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚Ï Á˚ÍÓÏ — ‚ ËÌÒÚËÚÛÚÂ, ̇ Á˚ÍÓ‚˚ı ÍÛpÒ‡ı ËÎË Ò ÔÓÏÓ˘¸˛ Ò‡ÏÓÛ˜ËÚÂÎ. çÓ ÚÓ„‰‡ ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÏ˚È Ï‡ÚÂpˇΠÏÓ„ ÔÓ͇Á‡Ú¸Ò ‚‡Ï ÚpÛ‰Ì˚Ï ‰Î ÛÒ‚ÓÂÌË, Á‡ÌÚË — ÛÚÓÏËÚÂθÌ˚ÏË, ‡ pÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ — Ì Óڂ˜‡˛˘ËÏË ‚‡¯ËÏ ÓÊˉ‡ÌËÏ. ч, ÏÌÓ„Ë ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ˚ ‰Ó‚ÓθÌÓ ·˚ÒÚpÓ ÒÍ·‰˚‚‡˛Ú ÓpÛÊËÂ, ÓÔp‡‚‰˚‚‡ Ò· ÓÚÒÛÚÒÚ‚ËÂÏ ÔpËpÓ‰Ì˚ı ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÌÓÒÚÂÈ Í ËÁÛ˜ÂÌ˲ Á˚ÍÓ‚, ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÌÓÒÚÂÈ ÔÓÌËχڸ Ë Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÚÓ, ˜ÚÓ ÓÌË ˜ËÚ‡˛Ú Ë ÒÎ˚¯‡Ú.
ç‡ Ò‡ÏÓÏ Ê ‰ÂΠÓÒ‚ÓËÚ¸ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚È Á˚Í ÏÓÊÂÚ ‡·ÒÓβÚÌÓ Í‡Ê‰˚È ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍ — ÂÒÎË ÓÌ ‚˚·p‡Î ‚ÂpÌ˚È ÏÂÚÓ‰ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË. ꇷÓÚ‡ ÔÓ ÏÂÚÓ‰Û ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡, ‚˚ÔÓθÁÛÂÚÂÒ¸ ÔÎÓ‰‡ÏË ÏÌÓ„ÓÎÂÚÌËı ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ, ÍÓÚÓp˚ ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎËÎË ÒÓÁ‰‡Ú¸ Ë p‡Á‚ËÚ¸ ̇˷ÓΠʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚Ì˚È ËÁ ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı ‚ ÏËp ÏÂÚÓ‰Ó‚ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚. äÛpÒ˚ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË p‡Á΢Ì˚ı ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚, p‡Áp‡·ÓÚ‡ÌÌ˚ ʺÚËÏ Ú‡Î‡ÌÚÎË‚˚Ï ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÚÂÎÂÏ, Óڂ˜‡˛Ú ̇ÒÛ˘Ì˚Ï ÔÓÚp·ÌÓÒÚÏ ‚ ʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÏ pÛÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚Â ‰Î Ò‡ÏÓÒÚÓÚÂθÌÓ„Ó Ó‚Î‡‰ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ÏË Á˚͇ÏË. èÓ ÏÂp ÚÓ„Ó, Í‡Í ‚Ò ·ÓÎÂÂ Ë ·ÓΠÒÍÓpÓÒÚÌÓÈ Úp‡ÌÒÔÓpÚ ‚ ÒÓ˜ÂÚ‡ÌËË Ò ÒÓ‚pÂÏÂÌÌ˚ÏË ÚÂÎÂÍÓÏÏÛÌË͇ˆËÓÌÌ˚ÏË Òp‰ÒÚ‚‡ÏË ‰Â·˛Ú ̇Ò, ÊËÚÂÎÂÈ p‡ÁÌ˚ı ÒÚp‡Ì Ë ÍÓÌÚËÌÂÌÚÓ‚, ·ÎËÊ ‰pÛ„ Û ‰pÛ„Û, ‚Ò ÓÒÚpÂÂ Ó˘Û˘‡ÂÚÒ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ËÏÂÚ¸ ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸ Ó·˘ÂÌË Ò Ì‡¯ËÏË ÒÓÒ‰ÏË ÔÓ ÁÂÏÌÓÏÛ ̄ ‡pÛ. ÉÓÒÛ‰‡pÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚È ÒÎÛʇ˘ËÈ, ·ËÁÌÂÒÏÂÌ, ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ, ÚÛpËÒÚ — ͇ʉ˚È ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍ, ÍÂÏ ·˚ ÓÌ ÌË ·˚Î, ˜ÂÏ ·˚ ÌË Á‡ÌËχÎÒ, — ͇ʉ˚È ËÁ Ì‡Ò ÏÓÊÂÚ
2
àáìóÖçàÖ àçéëíêÄççéÉé üáõäÄ èé åÖíéÑì ÑéäíéêÄ èàåëãÖêÄ (ÔÓ‰ÓίÂÌËÂ)
ËÁ‚Θ¸ Ó˘ÛÚËÏÛ˛ ÔÓθÁÛ ÓÚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌË ʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓ„Ó, χÍÒËχθÌÓ ÔpË·ÎËÊÂÌÌÓ„Ó Í Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍËÏ ÔÓÚp·ÌÓÒÚÏ ÏÂÚÓ‰‡ ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡.
åÌÓ„Ë ËÁ ÔpÂÊÌËı (Ë ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı ÔÓ ÒÂÈ ‰Â̸) Ó·Û˜‡˛˘Ëı ÒËÒÚÂÏ «Ì Òp‡·‡Ú˚‚‡ÎË» ÔÓ ÚÓÈ Ôp˘ËÌÂ, ̃ ÚÓ ‚Ò ·pÂx Ó·Û˜ÂÌË ÔÓ ÌËÏ ‚Á‚‡ÎË‚‡ÎÓÒ¸ ̇ ÔÎÂ˜Ë ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ‡. åÌÓ„Ë ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏ˚ Ì ӷÂÒÔ˜˂‡ÎË ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÓ‚ ‡ÍÚۇθÌ˚Ï ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌ˚Ï Á‡Ô‡ÒÓÏ, ÔÓÁ‚Óβ˘ËÏ Ó·˘‡Ú¸Ò ̇ ‰ÓÎÊÌÓÏ ÛpÓ‚Ì ‚ p‡θÌ˚ı, ÔÓ‰˜‡Ò ÊËÁÌÂÌÌÓ ‚‡ÊÌ˚ı ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËı. çÂÍÓÚÓp˚ ÍÛpÒ˚ Ôp‰·„‡˛Ú ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ‡Ï Ì‡·Óp ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ÛÔÓÚp·ËÏ˚ı Ùp‡Á, ÌÓ ‰‡ÊÂ Ë ‚ ʺÚÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ÓÌË Ì ‰‡˛Ú ‰ÓÎÊÌÓ„Ó Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌË, ͇ÍËÏ Ó·p‡ÁÓÏ ÏÓÊÌÓ Ë ÌÛÊÌÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ʺÚË Ùp‡Á˚ ‚ ÍÓÌÚÂÍÒÚ ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËÈ, ıÓÚ¸ ÒÍÓθÍÓ-ÌË·Û‰¸ ÓÚ΢‡˛˘ËıÒ ÓÚ ÔpË‚Ó‰ËÏ˚ı ‚ ÍÛpÒÂ; Í‡Í Ó·p‡ÁÓ‚˚‚‡Ú¸ ËÁ Ôp‰·„‡ÂÏ˚ı ÒÎÓ‚ÓÒÓ˜ÂÚ‡ÌËÈ ÌÓ‚˚ Ôp‰ÎÓÊÂÌË. ÅÓθ¯ËÌÒÚ‚Ó ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏ Úp‡‰ËˆËÓÌÌÓ Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚Î˛Ú ÚpË ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚ ÍÓÏÔÓÌÂÌÚ‡ β·Ó„Ó Á˚͇ — ÔpÓËÁÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ, „p‡ÏχÚË͇ Ë ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌ˚È ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ — Í‡Í ÚpË p‡ÁÓ·˘ÌÌ˚ı ʺÎÂÏÂÌÚ‡, ‡ Ì ‚ ÍÓÌÚÂÍÒÚ Á˚͇ Í‡Í Â‰ËÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ Ó·˘ÂÌË.
Ñ-p èËÏÒÎÂp ӷ̇pÛÊËΠ۷‰ËÚÂθÌ˚ ‰Ó͇Á‡ÚÂθÒÚ‚‡ ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ Í‡Í Â‰ËÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚, ÚpÂ·Û˛˘Â ÓÚ Û˜ÂÌË͇ ‚ÓÒÔpËÌËχڸ Í‡Í Á̇˜ÂÌËÂ, Ú‡Í Ë „p‡ÏχÚ˘ÂÒÍÛ˛ ÙÓpÏÛ, ÔÓÏÓ„‡ÂÚ Û˜ÂÌËÍÛ ·˚Ú¸ ÔÓÌÚ˚Ï ÌÓÒËÚÂÎÏË ʺÚÓ„Ó Á˚͇. èÓÒÍÓθÍÛ ‰Ó ÒËı ÔÓp ÔpË p‡Áp‡·ÓÚÍ ÍÛpÒÓ‚ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ ̋ ÚÓ Ó·ÒÚÓÚÂθÒÚ‚Ó Ì ÔpËÌËχÎÓÒ¸ ‚ p‡Ò˜Ú, ÚÓ Ì ÒÚÓËÚ Ë Û‰Ë‚ÎÚ¸Ò ÚÓÏÛ, ˜ÚÓ Ì‡ ÔpÓÚÊÂÌËË ‰Ó΄Ëı ÎÂÚ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ˚ ‚˚ÌÛʉÂÌ˚ ·˚ÎË ÍÓÌÒÚ‡ÚËpÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÍpÛ¯ÂÌË ҂ÓËı Ô·ÌÓ‚ ÓÒ‚ÓËÚ¸ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚È Á˚Í Ì‡ÒÚÓθÍÓ, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ËÏÂÚ¸ ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸ ËÁ˙ÒÌÚ¸Ò Ì‡ ÌÏ ·ÓΠËÎË ÏÂÌ ҂ӷӉÌÓ.
äÄä êÄÅéíÄíú ë èêÖÑãÄÉÄÖåõå äìêëéåÑÎ ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ËÁ‚Θ¸ χÍÒËχθÌÛ˛ ÔÓθÁÛ ÓÚ Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó
ÛpÓ͇, ÔÓÒÚ‡p‡ÈÚÂÒ¸ ÒÓÁ‰‡Ú¸ ÓÔÚËχθÌ˚ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ë ‰Î Ó·Û˜ÂÌË. Ç˚·ÂpËÚ ÒÔÓÍÓÈÌÓ ÏÂÒÚÓ, „‰Â ‚˚ ÏÓ„ÎË ·˚ Á‡ÌËÏ‡Ú¸Ò ·ÂÁ ÔÓÏÂı, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊ ڇÍÓ ‚pÂÏ ‰Ì, ÍÓ„‰‡ ‚‡¯Â ÒÓÁ̇ÌË ·ÓΠÒÓ·p‡ÌÌÓ, ‡ ‚ÂÒ¸ Óp„‡ÌËÁÏ ÏÂÌ ÛÚÓÏÎÌ. ëÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ „Ó‚Óp, ‚˚ ÏÓÊÂÚ Á‡ÌËÏ‡Ú¸Ò ‚ Ò‚ÓÂÈ Ï‡¯ËÌ — Ò͇ÊÂÏ, ÔÓ ‰Ópӄ ̇ p‡·ÓÚÛ ËÎË ‚Ó ‚pÂÏ ‰‡Î¸ÌÂÈ ÔÓÂÁ‰ÍË.
èpÓ‰ÓÎÊËÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸ Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ÛpÓ͇ ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÚ ÓÍÓÎÓ Úpˉˆ‡ÚË ÏËÌÛÚ. àÒÒΉӂ‡ÌË, ÔpӂӉ˂¯ËÂÒ ‰-pÓÏ
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äÄä êÄÅéíÄíú ë èêÖÑãÄÉÄÖåõå äìêëéå (ÔÓ‰ÓίÂÌËÂ)
èËÏÒÎÂpÓÏ, ÔÓ͇Á‡ÎË, ̃ ÚÓ Ú‡ÍÓÈ ÔpÓÏÂÊÛÚÓÍ ‚pÂÏÂÌË ‚ÎÂÚÒ ÓÔÚËχθÌ˚Ï ‰Î Ôpӂ‰ÂÌË Á‡ÌÚËÈ, ÔÓÒÍÓθÍÛ ÔÓ ËÒÚ˜ÂÌËË ʺÚÓ„Ó ‚pÂÏÂÌË ÒÓÁ̇ÌË ‚ Á̇˜ËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÏÂp ÚÂpÂÚ Ò‚Ó˛ ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÌÓÒÚ¸ ÛÒ‚‡Ë‚‡Ú¸ ÌÓ‚Û˛ ËÌÙÓpχˆË˛. èÓÒÚ‡p‡ÈÚÂÒ¸ ÔpËÎÓÊËÚ¸ χÍÒËÏÛÏ ÛÒËÎËÈ ‰Î ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ͇ʉ˚È ‰Â̸ ÔpÓıÓ‰ËÚ¸ ÔÓ Ó‰ÌÓÏÛ ÛpÓÍÛ. çÂ Ú‡Í ‚‡ÊÌÓ ‰‡ÊÂ, ·Û‰ÂÚ ÎË ʺÚÓ ÌÓ‚˚È ÛpÓÍ ËÎË Ê ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË Ôp‰˚‰Û˘Â„Ó, χÚÂpˇΠÍÓÚÓpÓ„Ó Í‡ÊÂÚÒ ‚‡Ï ÓÒ‚ÓÂÌÌ˚Ï Ì‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ Û‚ÂpÂÌÌÓ, — „·‚ÌÓÂ, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ‚˚ ÌË Ì‡ ‰Â̸ Ì ÔpÂp˚‚‡ÎË ÔpÓˆÂÒÒ‡ Ò‚ÓÂ„Ó ÓÁ̇ÍÓÏÎÂÌË Ò ÌÓ‚˚Ï ‰Î ‚‡Ò Á˚ÍÓÏ.
燘‡‚ p‡·ÓÚÛ Ò ÍÛpÒÓÏ, ÔpÓÒÚÓ ÒΉÛÈÚ Û͇Á‡ÌËÏ ‰ËÍÚÓp‡. ç‡Ë·ÓΠÁ̇˜ËÏ˚Ï ËÁ ‚ÒÂı Û͇Á‡ÌËÈ ‚ÎÂÚÒ Úp·ӂ‡ÌË ÔpÓËÁÌÓÒËÚ¸ ÓÒ‚‡Ë‚‡ÂÏ˚ ÒÎÓ‚‡ Ë Ôp‰ÎÓÊÂÌË ‚ÒÎÛı, ÍÓ„‰‡ ‰ËÍÚÓp ÔpÓÒËÚ ‚‡Ò ‰Â·ڸ ʺÚÓ. èÓÒΠ͇ʉÓÈ Ú‡ÍÓÈ ÍÓχ̉˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ÒΉӂ‡Ú¸ Ô‡ÛÁ‡, ÓÒÚ‡‚β˘‡ ‚‡Ï ‚pÂÏ ‰Î ÓÚ‚ÂÚ‡. ÑÎ ÛÒÔÂı‡ ‚‡¯Â„Ó Ó·Û˜ÂÌË Ó˜Â̸ ‚‡ÊÌÓ, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ‚˚ „Ó‚ÓpËÎË Ò‚ÓËÏ ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï „ÓÎÓÒÓÏ — Í‡Í ÂÒÎË ·˚ ‚˚ Û˜‡ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡ÎË ‚ Ó·˚ÍÌÓ‚ÂÌÌÓÏ p‡Á„Ó‚ÓpÂ. LJ¯Â ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓ ۘ‡ÒÚË ‚ Ï˚ÒÎÂÌÌÓÏ ÔÓËÒÍ ÓÚ‚ÂÚÓ‚ ̇ Ôp‰·„‡ÂÏ˚ ‚ÓÔpÓÒ˚, ‚ ÔpÓ„Ó‚‡pË‚‡ÌËË ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÏÓ„Ó Ï‡ÚÂpˇ· ‚ÎÂÚÒ Á‡ÎÓ„ÓÏ ‚‡¯Â„Ó ÛÒÔÂı‡ ‚ ÛÒÔ¯ÌÓÏ ÓÒ‚ÓÂÌËË ‚ÒÂÈ ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏ˚ ÍÛpÒ‡.
砉·ÈÚ ÌË͇ÍËı Á‡ÔËÒÂÈ ‚Ó ‚pÂÏ Á‡ÌÚËÈ, Ì ÔÓθÁÛÈÚÂÒ¸ ÒÎÓ‚‡pÏË ËÎË Í‡ÍÓÈ-ÎË·Ó ‰pÛ„ÓÈ Û˜Â·ÌÓ-ÒÔp‡‚Ó˜ÌÓÈ ÎËÚÂp‡ÚÛpÓÈ. åÂÚÓ‰ ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡ ÒÓpËÂÌÚËpÓ‚‡Ì ̇ p‡·ÓÚÛ Ò ÚÓÈ ˜‡ÒÚ¸˛ ‚‡¯Â„Ó ÒÓÁ̇ÌË, ÍÓÚÓp‡, Óڂ˜‡ Á‡ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË Á˚͇, ÔÂp‚ӉËÚ ËÌÙÓpχˆË˛ ËÁ Ï˚ÒÎÂÌÌ˚ı Ó·p‡ÁÓ‚ Ë Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËÈ ‚ ÙÓpÏÛ ÒÎÓ‚ Ë ‚˚p‡ÊÂÌËÈ. è˚Ú‡Ò¸ Á‡ÔËÒ˚‚‡Ú¸ ÛÒÎ˚¯‡ÌÌ˚ ÒÎÓ‚‡, ‚˚ ÚÓθÍÓ ÔpÂp‚Ú ÔpÓˆÂÒÒ Ó·Û˜ÂÌË.
êÖäéåÖçÑÄñàà, ÇÖÑìôàÖ ä ìëèÖïì● ÇÌËχÚÂθÌÓ ÒÎÛ¯‡ÈÚ ̇ ÔpÓÚÊÂÌËË ‚ÒÂ„Ó ÛpÓ͇. Ç
ÚÓ˜ÌÓÒÚË ÒΉÛÈÚ ‚ÒÂÏ Û͇Á‡ÌËÏ ‰ËÍÚÓp‡.● ëÚpÓ„Ó Òӷ≇ÈÚ Ôp‰·„‡ÂÏÛ˛ ÔÓÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸
ÛpÓÍÓ‚, ÌË ‚ ÍÓÂÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â Ì Á‡·Â„‡ ‚ÔÂp‰. íÂÏÔ ÔpÓ‰‚ËÊÂÌË — Ì ·ÓΠӉÌÓ„Ó ÛpÓ͇ ‚ ‰Â̸, ıÓÚ ‚ Ú˜ÂÌË ‰Ì Ó‰ËÌ Ë ÚÓÚ Ê ÛpÓÍ ÏÓÊÌÓ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÚ¸, ÂÒÎË ÂÒÚ¸ Ó˘Û˘ÂÌË ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚË Ú‡ÍÓ„Ó ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË. Öʉ̂Ì˚È ÍÓÌÚ‡ÍÚ Ò ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÏ˚Ï Á˚ÍÓÏ — ‚ÂҸχ ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ë ‰ÓÒÚËÊÂÌË ÛÒÔÂı‡.
● ëÎÂ‰Û Û͇Á‡ÌËÏ ‰ËÍÚÓp‡ Ë Óڂ˜‡ ̇ Â„Ó ‚ÓÔpÓÒ˚, Ó·Á‡ÚÂθÌÓ „Ó‚ÓpËÚ ‚ÒÎÛı. ëÚ‡p‡ÈÚÂÒ¸ ÛÒÔ‚‡Ú¸ ‰Â·ڸ ʺÚÓ ‚Ó ‚pÂÏ ÒÔˆˇθÌÓ Ôp‰ÛÒÏÓÚpÂÌÌ˚ı ‚ ÚÂÍÒÚ ÛpÓ͇
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êÖäéåÖçÑÄñàà, ÇÖÑìôàÖ ä ìëèÖïì (ÔÓ‰ÓίÂÌËÂ)
Ô‡ÛÁ, ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜Ì˚ı ‰Î ÔpÓ„Ó‚‡pË‚‡ÌË Ôp‰·„‡ÂÏ˚ı ÒÎÓ‚ Ë ‚˚p‡ÊÂÌËÈ. ç ‰ÓÊˉ‡ÈÚÂÒ¸ ÓÚ‚ÂÚ‡ ‰ËÍÚÓp‡: Â„Ó pÂÔÎËÍË ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚ ÔÓÏÓ„‡Ú¸ ‚‡Ï ÔpÓ‚ÂpÚ¸ Ôp‡‚ËθÌÓÒÚ¸ Ò‚ÓËı ÓÚ‚ÂÚÓ‚ — Ë, ÂÒÎË ÌÛÊÌÓ, ÔÓÔp‡‚ËÚ¸ Ò·.
● ꇷÓÚ‡ ̇‰ χÚÂpˇÎÓÏ Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ÛpÓ͇, ÒΉÛÈÚ ÚÓθÍÓ Û͇Á‡ÌËÏ ‰ËÍÚÓp‡ — Ì ӷp‡˘‡Ò¸ Á‡ ÒÓ‚ÂÚÓÏ Â˘ Í ÍÓÏÛ ·˚ ÚÓ ÌË ·˚ÎÓ, Ì ÔÓθÁÛÒ¸ ۘ·ÌË͇ÏË ËÎË ÒÎÓ‚‡pÏË.
äÄä äéçíêéãàêéÇÄíú ëÇéà ìëèÖïàç‡Ë·ÓΠÔpÓÒÚÓÈ Ë ‚ÏÂÒÚÂ Ò ÚÂÏ Ò‡Ï˚È Ì‡„ΉÌ˚È
ÍpËÚÂpËÈ ‚‡¯Â„Ó ÔpÓ„pÂÒÒ‡ — ʺÚÓ ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÌÓÒÚ¸ ·˚ÒÚpÓ ‰‡‚‡Ú¸ Ôp‡‚ËθÌ˚ ÓÚ‚ÂÚ˚ ̇ ‚ÓÔpÓÒ˚ Ë Û͇Á‡ÌË ‰ËÍÚÓp‡. ÖÒÎË ‚‡¯Ë ÓÚ‚ÂÚ˚ Ó͇Á˚‚‡˛ÚÒ ‚ÂpÌ˚ÏË ÔpËÏÂpÌÓ ‚ ‚ÓÒ¸ÏˉÂÒÚË ÔpÓˆÂÌÚ‡ı, ʺÚÓ Á̇˜ËÚ, ˜ÚÓ ‚˚ „ÓÚÓ‚˚ ÔÂpÂÈÚË Í p‡·ÓÚ ̇‰ ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ËÏ ÛpÓÍÓÏ. ÑÎ ÛÒÔ¯ÌÓ„Ó Ó‚Î‡‰ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚Ï Á˚ÍÓÏ Ó˜Â̸ ‚‡ÊÌÓ ÔÓÒÚÓÌÌÓ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Ú¸ ‚Ò ÌÓ‚Û˛ Ë ÌÓ‚Û˛ ËÌÙÓpχˆË˛; ÌÂÓÔp‡‚‰‡ÌÌÓ Ê ÒÚpÂÏÎÂÌË ‰Ó·ËÚ¸Ò ËÒÍβ˜ËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ÒÓ‚Âp¯ÂÌÒÚ‚‡ ‚ ͇ʉÓÏ ËÁ ÛpÓÍÓ‚ ÏÓÊÂÚ ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ÔÓϯ‡Ú¸ ‚‡¯ÂÏÛ ÔpÓ‰‚ËÊÂÌ˲ ‚ÔÂp‰. ë Û˜ÚÓÏ ʺÚÓ„Ó Ë ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌ 80%-È ÛpÓ‚Â̸ ‚ ͇˜ÂÒÚ‚Â ÍpËÚÂpË „ÓÚÓ‚ÌÓÒÚË Í ‰‚ËÊÂÌ˲ ‚ÔÂp‰.
àÏÂÈÚ ‚ ‚ˉÛ, ˜ÚÓ ÏÂÚÓ‰ÓÏ ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡ ‚ ͇ʉÓÏ ÛpÓÍ Ôp‰ÛÒÏÓÚpÂÌÓ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË ÔpÓȉÂÌÌÓ„Ó Ï‡ÚÂpˇ·. Ç˚ Á‡ÏÂÚËÚÂ, ˜ÚÓ Í‡Ê‰˚È ÛpÓÍ ÒÓ‰ÂpÊËÚ Ì ÚÓθÍÓ ÌÓ‚˚ ÒÎÓ‚‡ Ë ‚˚p‡ÊÂÌË, ÌÓ Ë ÚÂ, ˜ÚÓ ÛÊ Á̇ÍÓÏ˚ ‚‡Ï ÔÓ Ôp‰˚‰Û˘ËÏ Á‡ÌÚËÏ. í‡Í ˜ÚÓ Í‡Í ÚÓθÍÓ Û ‚‡Ò ‚ÓÁÌËÍÌÂÚ ÓÔ‡ÒÂÌË Á‡·˚Ú¸ ÚÓ ËÎË ËÌÓ ÒÎÓ‚Ó, ÚÓ„‰‡ ‚‡Ï Â„Ó Ë Ì‡ÔÓÏÌÚ — Í‡Í ‚ ÔpÂÊÌÂÏ, Ú‡Í Ë ‚ ÌÓ‚ÓÏ ÍÓÌÚÂÍÒÚÂ.
ÑpÛ„ÓÈ ‚‡ÊÌÓÈ ÓÚ΢ËÚÂθÌÓÈ ˜ÂpÚÓÈ ÍÛpÒÓ‚ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇, p‡Áp‡·ÓÚ‡ÌÌ˚ı ÔÓ ÏÂÚÓ‰Û ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡, ‚ÎÂÚÒ Ôp‰ÛÒχÚpË‚‡ÂÏ˚È ËÏË ‚˚ÒÓÍËÈ ÛpÓ‚Â̸ «‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓÈ ÍÓ̈ÂÌÚp‡ˆËË» ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ‡. Ç ıӉ ̇¯Ëı ÛpÓÍÓ‚ ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ Óڂ˜‡Ú¸ ÔÓ ÌÂÒÍÓθÍÓ p‡Á ‚ ÏËÌÛÚÛ, — ÚÓ„‰‡ Í‡Í Ì‡ Ó·˚˜Ì˚ı Á‡ÌÚËı ͇ʉÓÏÛ ËÁ ¯ÍÓθÌËÍÓ‚ ËÎË ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÓ‚ Á‡‰‡˛Ú Ë̉˂ˉۇθÌ˚ ‚ÓÔpÓÒ˚ — ‚ ÎÛ˜¯ÂÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â — ÌÂÒÍÓθÍÓ p‡Á ‚ Ú˜ÂÌË ˆÂÎÓ„Ó ÛpÓ͇. ëÚÓθ ‚˚ÒÓÍËÈ ÛpÓ‚Â̸ Á‡‰‡‚‡ÂÏÓÈ ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË Ë ÔÓÏÓÊÂÚ ‚‡Ï ‰Ó·ËÚ¸Ò ‚ÂҸχ ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı ÛÒÔÂıÓ‚ Á‡ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ÍÓpÓÚÍÓ ‚pÂÏ.
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Ñ-ê èéã èàåëãÖê à ÖÉé ìçàäÄãúçõâ åÖíéÑ
èÓÒ‚ÚË‚ Ò‚Ó˛ ÊËÁ̸ ‰ÂÎÛ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË Ë ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚, ‰-p èËÏÒÎÂp ÔpËÓ·pÎ ÏËpÓ‚Û˛ ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓÒÚ¸ Í‡Í Ó‰ËÌ ËÁ ‡‚ÚÓpËÚÂÚÌÂȯËı ÒÔˆˇÎËÒÚÓ‚ ‚ ӷ·ÒÚË Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó Á˚ÍÓÁ̇ÌË. èÓÒΠÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌË Û˜ÌÓÈ ÒÚÂÔÂÌË ‰ÓÍÚÓp‡ (ÔÓ Ùp‡ÌˆÛÁÒÍÓÈ ÎËÌ„‚ËÒÚËÍÂ) ‚ äÓÎÛÏ·ËÈÒÍÓÏ ìÌË‚ÂpÒËÚÂÚÂ, ÓÌ ‚ Ú˜ÂÌË p‰‡ ÎÂÚ ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡Î Ùp‡ÌˆÛÁÒÍÛ˛ ÙÓÌÂÚËÍÛ Ë ÙÓÌÂÏËÍÛ, ‚ÓÁ„·‚ÎÎ p‡·ÓÚÛ Í‡Ù‰p˚ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚ ‚ äÓÎÛÏ·ËÈÒÍÓÏ ìÌË‚ÂpÒËÚÂÚ (‚ ãÓÒ-ÄÌÊÂÎÂÒÂ, ¯Ú‡Ú ä‡ÎËÙÓpÌË). Ç p‡ÁÌ˚ „Ó‰˚ ÓÌ p‡·ÓڇΠÔpÓÙÂÒÒÓpÓÏ pÓχÌÒÍÓÈ ÎËÌ„‚ËÒÚËÍË Ë ‰ËpÂÍÚÓpÓÏ ñÂÌÚp‡ ÎËÌ„‡ÙÓÌÌÓ„Ó Ó·Û˜ÂÌË ‚ ÛÌË‚ÂpÒËÚÂÚ ¯Ú‡Ú‡ 鄇ÈÓ; ÔpÓÙÂÒÒÓpÓÏ pÓχÌÒÍÓÈ ÎËÌ„‚ËÒÚËÍË ‚ ÛÌË‚ÂpÒËÚÂÚ ¯Ú‡Ú‡ 縲-âÓpÍ ‚ „ÓpӉ éη‡ÌË; ÎÂÍÚÓpÓÏ ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏ˚ îÛηp‡ÈÚ‡ ‚ ÉÂȉÂθ·Âp„ÒÍÓÏ ìÌË‚ÂpÒËÚÂÚ (‚ ÉÂpχÌËË). Ñ-p èËÏÒÎÂp ·˚Î ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌ˚Ï ˜ÎÂÌÓÏ ÄÏÂpË͇ÌÒÍÓÈ ÄÒÒӈˇˆËË ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÚÂÎÂÈ Ùp‡ÌˆÛÁÒÍÓ„Ó Á˚͇ (AATF), ÄÏÂpË͇ÌÒÍÓÈ ÄÒÒӈˇˆËË ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ ‚ ӷ·ÒÚË Ó·p‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌË (AERA), ÄÒÒӈˇˆËË ÒÓ‚pÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚ (MLA), ˜ÎÂÌÓÏ-Û˜p‰ËÚÂÎÂÏ ÄÏÂpË͇ÌÒÍÓ„Ó ëÓ‚ÂÚ‡ ÔÓ ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡Ì˲ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚ (ACTFL). Ö„Ó ÏÌÓ„Ó˜ËÒÎÂÌÌ˚ ÍÌË„Ë Ë ÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë ‚ ·ÛÍ‚‡Î¸ÌÓÏ ÒÏ˚ÒΠÒÎÓ‚‡ p‚ÓβˆËÓÌËÁËpÓ‚‡ÎË ÚÂÓp˲ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË Ë ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚.
éÔËp‡Ò¸ ̇ Ò‚ÓÈ ÏÌÓ„ÓÎÂÚÌËÈ ÓÔ˚Ú ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÒÍÓÈ Ë Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ p‡·ÓÚ˚, ‰-p èËÏÒÎÂp p‡Áp‡·ÓڇΠÔpË̈ËÔˇθÌÓ ÌÓ‚˚È ÏÂÚÓ‰ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚. Ç Â„Ó ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ÎÂÊ‡Ú ‰‚‡ Íβ˜Â‚˚ı ÔpË̈ËÔ‡: Ú‡Í Ì‡Á˚‚‡ÂÏ˚È ÔpË̈ËÔ ÓÔÂpÂÊÂÌË Ë Ì‡Û˜Ì˚È ÔpË̈ËÔ ÙÛÌ͈ËÓÌËpÓ‚‡ÌË ÏÂı‡ÌËÁχ Á‡ÔÓÏË̇ÌË, ̇Á‚‡ÌÌ˚È ËÏ ÔpË̈ËÔÓÏ ‰ÓÁËpÓ‚‡ÌÌÓÈ ˜‡ÒÚÓÚ˚ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË. èpË ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËË Ôp‰·„‡ÂÏÓ„Ó ‚‡¯ÂÏÛ ‚ÌËχÌ˲ ۘ·ÌÓ„Ó ÍÛpÒ‡ ÍÓÏÔÎÂÍÒÌÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÎËÒ¸ Ó·‡ ʺÚË ÔpË̈ËÔ‡ — ‰Î ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚ Ôp‰ÓÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ ‚‡Ï ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸ ‚ÓÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸Ò Ò‡Ï˚Ï ÔpÓÒÚ˚Ï Ë Ì‡Ë·ÓΠʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚Ì˚Ï ËÁ ˜ËÒ· ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëı ÒÂ„Ó‰Ì ÏÂÚÓ‰Ó‚ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚.
6
èêàçñàè éèÖêÖÜÖçàü
Ç ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÔpË̈ËÔÓÏ ÓÔÂpÂÊÂÌË ÓÚ ‚‡Ò Úp·ÛÂÚÒ «ÓÔÂpÂʇڸ» Ôp‡‚ËθÌ˚È ÓÚ‚ÂÚ Ì‡ Ó·p‡˘ÌÌ˚Â Í ‚‡Ï ‚ÓÔpÓÒ˚. ç‡ Ôp‡ÍÚËÍ ʺÚÓ ÓÁ̇˜‡ÂÚ, ˜ÚÓ ‚˚ ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚ ÛÒÔÂÚ¸ ̇ÈÚË ‚ ÛÏ Ôp‡‚ËθÌ˚È ÓÚ‚ÂÚ Ë ‰‡Ú¸ Â„Ó ‰Ó ÚÓ„Ó, Í‡Í ‚ ıӉ ÛpÓ͇ ·Û‰ÂÚ Ò‰Â·ÌÓ ÔÓ‰Ú‚ÂpʉÂÌËÂ Â„Ó Ôp‡‚ËθÌÓÒÚË. èpË‚Â‰Ï ÔpÓÒÚÓÈ Ì‡„ΉÌ˚È ÔpËÏÂp.
ë͇ÊÂÏ, ÔÓ ıÓ‰Û ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ë Ó‰ËÌ ËÁ ‰ËÍÚÓpÓ‚ Á‡‰‡Ú ‚‡Ï ‚ÓÔpÓÒ.(̇ ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÏÓÏ Á˚ÍÂ):«Ç˚ ˉÚ ÒÂ„Ó‰Ì ‚ ÍËÌӻчÎ ÒΉÛÂÚ Ô‡ÛÁ‡, Ôp‰ÛÒÏÓÚpÂÌ̇ ‰Î ÓÚ‚ÂÚ‡. á̇, Í‡Í p‡Á‚Ë‚‡˛ÚÒ ÒÓ·˚ÚË ‚ Ó·˚„p˚‚‡ÂÏÓÈ ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËË, ‚˚ Óڂ˜‡ÂÚ Çëãìï:«çÂÚ, ıÓ‰ËÎ ‚˜Âp‡».ÇÒΉ Á‡ ʺÚËÏ ÓÚ‚ÂÚ Ì‡ ÚÓÚ Ê ‚ÓÔpÓÒ ‰‡Ú ‰ËÍÚÓp — ÔÓ‰Ú‚Âpʉ‡ Ôp‡‚ËθÌÓÒÚ¸ ‚‡¯Â„Ó ÓÚ‚ÂÚ‡:«çÂÚ, ıÓ‰ËÎ ‚˜Âp‡».
ÑÓ ÚÓ„Ó, Í‡Í ‰-p èËÏÒÎÂp p‡Áp‡·ÓڇΠ҂ÓÈ ÏÂÚÓ‰ Ó·Û˜ÂÌË, ‚ ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ÏÂÚÓ‰ËÍË ‚ÒÂı ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Ó‚‡‚¯Ëı ÍÛpÒÓ‚ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ ÎÂʇΠÔpË̈ËÔ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË. èpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÚÂÎË ·ÛÍ‚‡Î¸ÌÓ «‚‰‡Î·ÎË‚‡ÎË Ï‡ÚÂpˇλ ‚ „ÓÎÓ‚˚ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÓ‚, Á‡ÒÚ‡‚Î ÒÌÓ‚‡ Ë ÒÌÓ‚‡ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÚ¸ Ó‰ÌË Ë Ú Ê ÒÎÓ‚‡ Ë Ùp‡Á˚, — Í‡Í ·Û‰ÚÓ Ì‡¯ ÏÓÁ„ — „p‡ÏχÙÓÌ̇ Ô·ÒÚËÌ͇, Á‚ÛÍÓ‚˚ ‰ÓpÓÊÍË ÍÓÚÓpÓÈ ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÚÒ ‚Ò „ÎÛ·ÊÂ Ë „ÎÛ·Ê ÓÚ Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ÌÓ‚Ó„Ó ÔpÓÍpۘ˂‡ÌË. Ç ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂθÌÓÒÚË Ê ‚Ò Ó·ÒÚÓËÚ ÒÓ‚Âp¯ÂÌÌÓ ÔpÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÎÓÊÌ˚Ï Ó·p‡ÁÓÏ: ÌÂÈpÓÙËÁËÓÎÓ„Ë Ó·˙ÒÌ˛Ú, ˜ÚÓ ÔpÓÒÚÓÂ, ·ÂÁ‰ÛÏÌÓ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË ÔpÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÚ „ËÔÌÓÚ˘ÂÒÍËÈ, ‰‡Ê ÔpÏÓ Ó·Ó΂‡ÌË‚‡˛˘ËÈ ʺÙÙÂÍÚ ‚ ıӉ ۘ·ÌÓ„Ó ÔpÓˆÂÒÒ‡. Ç ÒÓÁ̇ÌËË ˜ÂÎÓ‚Â͇ ÏÂı‡Ì˘ÂÒÍË ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÏ˚ ÒÎÓ‚‡ ÚÂp˛Ú Ò‚Á¸ ÒÓ Ò‚ÓËÏ Á̇˜ÂÌËÂÏ. Ñ-p èËÏÒÎÂp ÔpË¯Î Í Ú‚p‰ÓÏÛ Á‡Íβ˜ÂÌ˲, ˜ÚÓ ʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚ¸ Ó·Û˜ÂÌË pÂÁÍÓ ÔÓ‚˚¯‡ÂÚÒ, ÍÓ„‰‡ ‚ p‡·ÓÚÛ ‚Íβ˜‡ÂÚÒ ÏÂı‡ÌËÁÏ Ó·p‡ÚÌÓÈ Ò‚ÁË, ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓ„Ó ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ë: ÍÓ„‰‡ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ Ì ÚÓθÍÓ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡ÂÚ ËÌÙÓpχˆË˛, ÌÓ Ë ÔÓÒÚÓÌÌÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚ Â Ì‡ Ôp‡ÍÚËÍÂ.
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ÑéáàêéÇÄççÄü óÄëíéíÄ èéÇíéêÖçàü
ùÚÓÚ ÚÂpÏËÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚ Ì‡Á‚‡ÌËÂÏ Ó‰ÌÓÈ Ó˜Â̸ ÔpÓÒÚÓÈ ÚÂÓpËË, Ò‚Á‡ÌÌÓÈ Ò ÏÂı‡ÌËÁÏÓÏ ÙÛÌ͈ËÓÌËpÓ‚‡ÌË Ô‡ÏÚË. çË Ó‰ÌÓ ËÁ Ò·„‡ÂÏ˚ı ÔpÓˆÂÒÒ‡ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ Ì ËÏÂÂÚ ·Óθ¯Â„Ó Á̇˜ÂÌË, ˜ÂÏ Ô‡ÏÚ¸; Ӊ̇ÍÓ ÌËÍÚÓ ËÁ ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÚÂÎÂÈ, p‡·ÓÚ‡‚¯Ëı ‰Ó ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡, Ì ÒÏÓ„ ̇ÈÚË ·ÓΠ̋ ÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓ„Ó ÔÛÚË ‰Î ÙÓpÏËpÓ‚‡ÌË Á˚ÍÓ‚ÓÈ Ô‡ÏÚË. Ç pÂÁÛθڇÚ ·Óθ¯ËÌÒÚ‚Ó ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÚÂÎÈ Ï‡ÎÓ ˜ÚÓ ÏÓ„ÎË Ò‰Â·ڸ ‰Î ÚÓ„Ó, ̃ ÚÓ·˚ „‡p‡ÌÚËpÓ‚‡Ú¸ Á‡ÔÓÏË̇ÌË χÚÂpˇ· Ò‚ÓËÏË ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ‡ÏË: ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÔpËÌÚ˚ÏË ÏÂÚÓ‰Ë͇ÏË, ̇ ͇ʉÓÏ ÛpÓÍ ÓÌË Á̇ÍÓÏËÎË ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÓ‚ Ò ÌÓ‚˚ÏË ÒÎÓ‚‡ÏË, ÓÒÚ‡‚Î «ÒÚ‡p˚ı Á̇ÍÓÏ˚ı» ·ÂÁ ‰ÓÎÊÌÓ„Ó ‚ÌËχÌË; Ë ÒÚ‡p˚ ÒÎÓ‚‡, ˜ÚÓ Ì‡Á˚‚‡ÂÚÒ, ÎÂʇÎË ·ÂÁ ‰‚ËÊÂÌË ‰Ó Ò‡Ï˚ı ʺÍÁ‡ÏÂÌÓ‚ — Ó·ÂÒˆ‚˜˂‡Ò¸, ‡ ÚÓ Ë ‚Ó‚Ò ÛÎÂÚۘ˂‡Ò¸ ËÁ Ô‡ÏÚË. чÊ ÚÂ, ÍÚÓ ‚ˉÂÎ ÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚ¸ Ú‡ÍÓ„Ó ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌË ‰ÂÎ Ë Ô˚Ú‡ÎÒ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÚ¸ p‡Ì ÔpÓȉÂÌÌ˚È Ï‡ÚÂpˇÎ, ‰Ó·Ë‚‡ÎËÒ¸ Òp‡‚ÌËÚÂθÌÓ ÌÂÏÌÓ„Ó„Ó — Ì ËÏ ÌË͇ÍÓ„Ó Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌË Ó ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚË ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌË ÔpÂËÏÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚, Ò‚Á‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò ÚÂÏ, ˜ÚÓ ÏÂı‡ÌËÁÏ˚ ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌË ÌÓ‚ÓÈ Á˚ÍÓ‚ÓÈ ËÌÙÓpχˆËË Ë ÙÛÌ͈ËÓÌËpÓ‚‡ÌË Ô‡ÏÚË ‚ ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ı ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëı p‡·ÓÚ‡˛Ú ÒÓÓ·˘‡.
Ç ıӉ ҂ÓËı ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ ‰-p èËÏÒÎÂp ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÎ, ÒÍÓθ ‰ÓÎ„Ó ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ˚ ÒÔÓÒÓ·Ì˚ ÔÓÏÌËÚ¸ ÌÓ‚Û˛ ËÌÙÓpχˆË˛, Ë Ò Í‡ÍÓÈ ÔÂpËӉ˘ÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ËÏ ÌÛÊÌÓ Ì‡ÔÓÏË̇ڸ Â. ëÎ˯ÍÓÏ p‡ÌÌ ËÎË, ̇ӷÓpÓÚ, ÒÎ˯ÍÓÏ ÔÓÁ‰Ì ̇ÔÓÏË̇ÌË Ó͇Á˚‚‡˛ÚÒ Ó‰Ë̇ÍÓ‚Ó Ï‡ÎÓʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚Ì˚ ‰Î ÒÓıp‡ÌÂÌË ËÌÙÓpχˆËË ‚ Ô‡ÏÚË. ùÚÓ ÓÚÍp˚ÚË ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎËÎÓ ÂÏÛ p‡Áp‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ Ò‚ÓÂÓ·p‡ÁÌ˚È „p‡ÙËÍ, ÓÔp‰Âβ˘ËÈ, ̇ÒÍÓθÍÓ ˜‡ÒÚÓ Ë Í‡ÍËÏ Ó·p‡ÁÓÏ ÒΉÛÂÚ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÚ¸ Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌË ËÌÙÓpχˆËË.
èp‰ÔÓÎÓÊËÏ, ‚˚ ÛÁ̇ÎË ÌÓ‚Ó ÒÎÓ‚Ó. Ç˚ ‰‡ÎË Ò· ÍÓÏ‡Ì‰Û Á‡ÔÓÏÌËÚ¸ „Ó. íÂÏ Ì ÏÂÌ ˜ÂpÂÁ ÔÚ¸ ÏËÌÛÚ ·Óθ¯ËÌÒÚ‚Ó ËÁ ‚‡Ò Ì ÒÏÓ„ÛÚ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpËÚ¸ „Ó. ÖÒÎË ·˚ ‚‡Ï Â„Ó Ì‡ÔÓÏÌËÎË ˜ÂpÂÁ ÔÚ¸ ÒÂÍÛ̉, ÚÓ„‰‡ ‚˚ ÒÏÓ„ÎË ·˚ Û‰Âpʇڸ Â„Ó ‚ Ô‡ÏÚË ÔpËÏÂpÌÓ Â˘ ̇ Ó‰ÌÛ ÏËÌÛÚÛ, ÔÓ ËÒÚ˜ÂÌËË ÍÓÚÓpÓÈ ‚‡Ï ÔÓ̇‰Ó·ËÚÒ ÌÓ‚Ó ̇ÔÓÏË̇ÌËÂ. ë ͇ʉ˚Ï ÌÓ‚˚Ï Ì‡ÔÓÏË̇ÌËÂÏ ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ÔÓÏÌËÚ¸ ʺÚÓ ÒÎÓ‚Ó ‚ Ú˜ÂÌË ·ÓΠ‰ÎËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ÔpÓÏÂÊÛÚ͇ ‚pÂÏÂÌË, ˜ÂÏ ÔÂp‰ ʺÚËÏ. í‡ÍËÏ Ó·p‡ÁÓÏ, ËÌÚÂp‚‡Î˚ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ˚ÏË Ì‡ÔÓÏË̇ÌËÏË ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÚÒ ‚Ò ‰Óθ¯Â Ë ‰Óθ¯Â, ÔÓ͇ ‚˚, ̇ÍÓ̈, Ì Á‡ÔÓÏÌËÚ ʺÚÓ ÒÎÓ‚Ó Ì‡ÒÚÓθÍÓ, ˜ÚÓ ÛÊ Ì ·Û‰ÂÚ ÌÛʉ‡Ú¸Ò ‚ ̇ÔÓÏË̇ÌËı. èp‰·„‡ÂÏ˚È ‚‡¯ÂÏÛ ‚ÌËχÌ˲ ÍÛpÒ Ú˘‡ÚÂθÌÓ Ë ÒÍpÛÔÛÎÁÌÓ p‡Áp‡·ÓÚ‡Ì Ò ÚÂÏ, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ̇ÔÓÏÌËÚ¸ ‚‡Ï Ó Í‡Ê‰ÓÏ ʺÎÂÏÂÌÚ ÌÓ‚ÓÈ ËÌÙÓpχˆËË ‚ ÒÚpÓ„Ó ÓÔp‰ÂÎÌÌÓ ‚pÂÏ — ËÏÂÌÌÓ ÚÓ„‰‡, ÍÓ„‰‡ Ú‡ÍÓ ̇ÔÓÏË̇ÌË ·Û‰ÂÚ Ì‡Ë·ÓΠʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚Ì˚Ï ‰Î
8
ÑéáàêéÇÄççÄü óÄëíéíÄ èéÇíéêÖçàü (ÔÓ‰ÓίÂÌËÂ)
Û‰ÂpʇÌË ‚ Ô‡ÏÚË ÔÓÎÛ˜‡ÂÏÓÈ ËÌÙÓpχˆËË. ä‡Ê‰˚È p‡Á, ÍÓ„‰‡ ÚÓ ËÎË ËÌÓ ÒÎÓ‚Ó ‚ÓÚ-‚ÓÚ Ì‡˜ÌÚ ÒÚËp‡Ú¸Ò ËÁ ‚‡¯ÂÈ Ô‡ÏÚË, ‚‡Ò ÔÓÔpÓÒÚ ÔÓ‚ÚÓpËÚ¸ ʺÚÓ ÒÎÓ‚Ó.
Å·„Ó‰‡p ʺÚÓÏÛ ʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÏÛ ÏÂÚÓ‰Û, ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ÔÂp‚ӉËÚ¸ ÓÒ‚‡Ë‚‡ÂÏÛ˛ ËÌÙÓpχˆË˛ ËÁ Ò˲ÏËÌÛÚÌÓÈ ‚ ‰Ó΄ӂpÂÏÂÌÌÛ˛ Ô‡ÏÚ¸ — ‰‡Ê Ì Á‡Ï˜‡ ʺÚÓ„Ó. à ÛÊ ÔÓ‰‡‚ÌÓ — ·ÂÁ ÏÂı‡Ì˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó ÔÓ‚ÚÓpÂÌË Ë ÁÛ·pÊÍË, ÌÂËÁ·ÂÊÌ˚ı ÔpË Úp‡‰ËˆËÓÌÌ˚ı ÙÓpχı ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË Á˚ÍÓ‚.
ëãéÇÄêçõâ ëíÖêÜÖçúÑ‚‡ ÔpË̈ËÔ‡, Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ ‚˚¯Â, ÎÂÊ‡Ú ‚ ÓÒÌÓ‚Â ÏÂÚÓ‰‡
‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡, ÌÓ ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ Â˘ ˆÂÎ˚È p‰ Ó·ÒÚÓÚÂθÒÚ‚, ÓÔp‰Âβ˘Ëı ÛÌË͇θÌÓÒÚ¸ ʺÚÓ„Ó ÏÂÚÓ‰‡. é‰ÌÓ ËÁ Ú‡ÍËı Ó·ÒÚÓÚÂθÒÚ‚ Ò‚Á‡ÌÓ ÒÓ ÒÎÓ‚‡pÏ. ä‡Ê‰˚È ËÁ ̇Ò, ÔÓ‰ÒÚÛÔ‡Ò¸ Í ËÁÛ˜ÂÌ˲ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇, ·˚Î ·ÓΠËÎË ÏÂÌ ‚Ô˜‡ÚÎÌ ÚÂÏ ÍÓÎÓÒ҇θÌ˚Ï Ó·˙ÏÓÏ ÒÎÓ‚, ÍÓÚÓpÓ ÌÛÊÌÓ ‚˚Û˜ËÚ¸. çÓ ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌË ÒÔˆˇÎËÒÚÓ‚ ÔÓ͇Á‡ÎË, ˜ÚÓ Ì‡ Ò‡ÏÓÏ ‰ÂΠ‰Î ÛÒÔ¯ÌÓ„Ó Ôӂ҉̂ÌÓ„Ó Ó·˘ÂÌË Ì‡ β·ÓÏ Á˚Í ‚ÔÓÎÌ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ Òp‡‚ÌËÚÂθÌÓ Ì·Óθ¯Ó„Ó ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡ ÒÎÓ‚.
Ç Á˚Í ÏÓÊÌÓ ‚˚‰ÂÎËÚ¸ ‰‚ ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚ ͇Ú„ÓpËË: „p‡ÏχÚ˘ÂÒÍË ÒÚpÛÍÚÛp˚ Ë ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌ˚È ÒÓÒÚ‡‚. ä‡Í ·˚ÎÓ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌÓ ‚ ıӉ ÒÔˆˇθÌ˚ı ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ ‰-pÓÏ èËÏÒÎÂpÓÏ, Ôpӂ‰ÂÌË ԇp‡ÎÎÂÎÂÈ Ò ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÏË Í‡Ú„ÓpËÏË pÓ‰ÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ ÔÓÏÓ„‡ÂÚ ÓÒ‚ÓÂÌ˲ Ë Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÏÛ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ì˲ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ‡ÏË ‡Ì‡Îӄ˘Ì˚ı ͇Ú„ÓpËÈ ‚ ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÏÓÏ Á˚ÍÂ. ëÚpÓ„Ó „Ó‚Óp, ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ ÌÂ Ú‡Í ÛÊ ÏÌÓ„Ó ÒÎÓ‚, ÍÓÚÓp˚ ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚ ·˚Ú¸ ‚˚Û˜ÂÌ˚ ‚Ó ˜ÚÓ ·˚ ÚÓ ÌË ÒÚ‡ÎÓ, ÔÓÒÍÓθÍÛ ÓÌË ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒ Í‡Ê‰˚È ‰Â̸. çÂÒÛ˘ËÈ «ÒÚÂpÊÂ̸» Á˚͇ ‚Íβ˜‡ÂÚ ‚ Ò· ˜‡ÒÚÓÛÔÓÚp·ËÏ˚ ÒÎÓ‚‡, Ú‡Í ËÎË Ë̇˜Â ÓÚÌÓÒ˘ËÂÒ Í p‡Á΢Ì˚Ï ÒÙÂp‡Ï ÊËÁÌË Ë ‰ÂÚÂθÌÓÒÚË ˜ÂÎÓ‚Â͇.
éêÉÄçàóÖëäéÖ éÅìóÖçàÖåÂÚÓ‰ ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡ ̇ˆÂÎÂÌ Ì‡ Ó·Û˜ÂÌË ‚ Íp‡Ú˜‡È¯Â
‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ ÒpÓÍË p‡θÌÓ ÔpËÏÂÌËÏ˚Ï ‚ ÔÓ҂҉̂ÌÓÈ Ôp‡ÍÚËÍ ̇‚˚Í‡Ï ÔÓÌËχÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ Ë Ó·˘ÂÌË Ì‡ ÌÏ. ùÚ‡ ˆÂθ ‰ÓÒÚË„‡ÂÚÒ ‚ ıӉ ÔpÓˆÂÒÒ‡, ÍÓÚÓp˚È ‰-p èËÏÒÎÂp Ó·ÓÁ̇˜ËÎ ÚÂpÏËÌÓÏ «Óp„‡Ì˘ÂÒÍÓ ӷۘÂÌË», ÍÓÚÓp˚È Ôp‰ÔÓ·„‡ÂÚ Ó‰ÌÓ‚pÂÏÂÌÌÓ ӷۘÂÌË ÔÓ ÌÂÒÍÓθÍËÏ Ì‡Ôp‡‚ÎÂÌËÏ. ÇÏÂÒÚÓ ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚ Á‡Û˜Ë‚‡Ú¸
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éêÉÄçàóÖëäéÖ éÅìóÖçàÖ (ÔÓ‰ÓίÂÌËÂ)
ÙÓpÏ˚, Ó·p‡ÁÛÂÏ˚ ÔpË ÒÔpÊÂÌËË „·„Ó· «‰‡‚‡Ú¸», ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ÓÒ‚‡Ë‚‡Ú¸ Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË Á̇˜ËÏ˚ Ùp‡Á˚ ÚËÔ‡: «Ñ‡ÈÚ ÏÌ ÌÓÏÂp ‚‡¯Â„Ó ÚÂÎÂÙÓ̇». Ç˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ p‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ ̇‰ ÔÓÔÓÎÌÂÌËÂÏ Ò‚ÓÂ„Ó ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌÓ„Ó Á‡Ô‡Ò‡, ÓÒ‚ÓÂÌËÂÏ „p‡ÏχÚËÍË Ë ÒÓ‚Âp¯ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó‚‡ÌËÂÏ ÔpÓËÁÌÓ¯ÂÌË Ó‰ÌÓ‚pÂÏÂÌÌÓ, ËÁÛ˜‡ ÔpË ʺÚÓÏ Ùp‡Á˚, Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË Á̇˜ËÏ˚ ‰Î Ôӂ҉̂ÌÓ„Ó ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌË ‚ p‡θÌ˚ı ÊËÁÌÂÌÌ˚ı ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËı.
é·˘ÂËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ, ˜ÚÓ Á˚Í ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÛÂÚ ÔpÂʉ ‚ÒÂ„Ó ‚ p˜‚ÓÈ ÙÓpÏÂ. ê‡Á‰ÂÎ ̋ ÚÓ Û·ÂʉÂÌËÂ, ‰-p èËÏÒÎÂp p‡Áp‡·ÓڇΠ҂ÓË Ó·Û˜‡˛˘Ë ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏ˚ ‚ ÙÓpÏ ‡Û‰ËÓÍÛpÒÓ‚, ÔÓÒÍÓθÍÛ Á̇Π̇ ÓÒÌÓ‚Â Ò‚ÓÂ„Ó ·Ó„‡ÚÓ„Ó ÓÔ˚Ú‡, ˜ÚÓ Á˚Í ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÚÒ Û¯‡ÏË ‚ ÍÛ‰‡ ·Óθ¯ÂÈ ÏÂpÂ, ˜ÂÏ „·Á‡ÏË. Ö„Ó ÏÂÚÓ‰Ë͇ Ôp‰ÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÚ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ‡Ï ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸ ËÁÛ˜‡Ú¸ „p‡ÏχÚËÍÛ, ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌ˚È Á‡Ô‡Ò Ë ÙÓÌÂÚËÍÛ ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï ÔÛÚÏ Ë ‚ Û‚ÎÂ͇ÚÂθÌÓÈ ÙÓpÏÂ.
ç‡ÒÚÓ˘ËÈ ÍÛpÒ ÒÓÁ‰‡Ì ‰Î ÚÓ„Ó, ˜ÚÓ·˚ ‚ Íp‡Ú˜‡È¯ËÈ ÒpÓÍ Ì‡Û˜ËÚ¸ ‚‡Ò ÔÓÌËχڸ Ë ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ‚ p‡Á„Ó‚ÓpÌÓÈ pÂ˜Ë Íβ˜Â‚˚ ‡ÒÔÂÍÚ˚ ÌÓ‚Ó„Ó ‰Î ‚‡Ò Á˚͇. ÇÓ ‚pÂÏ Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ËÁ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡ÒÓ‚˚ı ÛpÓÍÓ‚ ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ‚ ·ÛÍ‚‡Î¸ÌÓÏ ÒÏ˚ÒΠʺÚÓ„Ó ÒÎÓ‚‡ Ó·˘‡Ú¸Ò Ò ‰‚ÛÏ ÒÓ·ÂÒ‰ÌË͇ÏË, ËÒÔÓθÁÛ ÚÓÚ Á˚ÍÓ‚ÓÈ Ô·ÒÚ, ÍÓÚÓp˚È ÔpËÏÂÌÂÚÒ Ó·˚˜Ì˚ÏË ÊËÚÂÎÏË ÒÚp‡Ì˚ ‚˚·p‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ‚‡ÏË Á˚͇ ‚ Ëı ͇ʉӉÌ‚ÌÓÈ ÊËÁÌË. àÒÔÓθÁÛÂÏ˚È ‚ ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏ ÍÛpÒ‡ ÛÌË͇θÌ˚È ÏÂÚÓ‰ Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌË ‰Ë‡ÎÓ„Ó‚ ËÁ·‡‚ËÚ ‚‡Ò ÓÚ ÏÌÓ„Ëı ÔpÓ·ÎÂÏ, Ò‚Á‚ÌÌ˚ı Ò Úp‡‰ËˆËÓÌÌ˚ÏË ÙÓpχÏË ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚.
Ç‡Ï Ì ÔpˉÚÒ Á‡ÔÓÏË̇ڸ ÒÔËÒÍË ÌÓ‚˚ı ÒÎÓ‚ ËÎË Á‡Û˜Ë‚‡Ú¸ „p‡ÏχÚ˘ÂÒÍË Ôp‡‚Ë·, Û ‚‡Ò Ì ·Û‰ÂÚ ÔËÒ¸ÏÂÌÌ˚ı ‰Óχ¯ÌËı Á‡‰‡ÌËÈ. ÇÏÂÒÚÓ ʺÚÓ„Ó ÓÔ˚ÚÌ˚È ËÌÒÚpÛÍÚÓp-‰ËÍÚÓp ·Û‰ÂÚ ÔÓÏÓ„‡Ú¸ ‚‡Ï Óp„‡ÌËÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ‚‡¯Û p‡·ÓÚÛ Ì‡ ÔpÓÚÊÂÌËË ‚ÒÂ„Ó ÍÛpÒ‡. àÌÒÚpÛÍÚÓp ÔÓÏÓÊÂÚ ‚‡Ï «ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸» Ôp‡‚ËθÌÓ ÔpÓËÁÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ, ÔpÓÒÚÓ Ë ÔÓÌÚÌÓ Ó·˙ÒÌËÚ Ôp‡‚Ë· ÙÛÌ͈ËÓÌËpÓ‚‡ÌË ‚˚·p‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇, ÔÓÏÓÊÂÚ ÓÒ‚ÂÊËÚ¸ ‚ Ô‡ÏÚË p‡Ì ËÁÛ˜ÂÌÌ˚È Ï‡ÚÂpˇÎ, ‰‡ÒÚ Ú‡ÍÚ˘ÌÛ˛ ÔÓ‰Ò͇ÁÍÛ ‚ ÚÓÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â, ÂÒÎË Í‡ÍÓÂ-ÚÓ ÒÎÓ‚Ó ÏÓÊÂÚ Ó͇Á‡Ú¸Ò Á‡·˚Ú˚Ï ‚‡ÏË. ÖÒÎË „Ó‚ÓpËÚ¸ Ó· ʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚË Ó·Û˜ÂÌË, ÚÓ ËÌÒÚpÛÍÚÓp p‡·ÓÚ‡ÂÚ Ì‡ ÛpÓ‚Ì ÔÂpÒÓ̇θÌÓ„Ó ˜‡ÒÚÌÓ„Ó ÔpÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÚÂÎ. Ç˚ÔÓÎÌ Û͇Á‡ÌË Ë pÂÍÓÏẨ‡ˆËË Ò‚ÓÂ„Ó ‰ËÍÚÓp‡-ËÌÒÚpÛÍÚÓp‡, ÔpËÌËχ Û˜‡ÒÚË ‚ ‰Ë‡ÎÓ„Ó‚˚ı ʺÔËÁÓ‰‡ı (‡Ì‡Îӄ˘Ì˚ı ÔÓ ÙÓpÏÂ Ë ÒÓ‰ÂpʇÌ˲ ÚÂÏ, ̃ ÚÓ ÏÓ„ÛÚ ‚ÓÁÌËÍÌÛÚ¸ ‚ p‡θÌ˚ı ÊËÁÌÂÌÌ˚ı ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËı), ‚˚ ‚ ÒÍÓpÓÏ ‚pÂÏÂÌË ÒÏÓÊÂÚ ÔÓÌËχڸ ÌÓ‚˚È ‰Î ‚‡Ò Á˚Í, „Ó‚ÓpËÚ¸ Ë ‰Ûχڸ ̇ ÌÏ. ÇÒ, ˜ÚÓ ‰Î ʺÚÓ„Ó Úp·ÛÂÚÒ ÓÚ ‚‡Ò ÔpË p‡·ÓÚ ̇‰ ̇¯ËÏ ÍÛpÒÓÏ — ʺÚÓ Ò·pÓÒËÚ¸ ̇ÔpÊÂÌËÂ Ë ÒΉӂ‡Ú¸ Û͇Á‡ÌËÏ, ÍÓÚÓp˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ‰‡‚‡Ú¸ ‚‡Ï ‚‡¯ ËÌÒÚpÛÍÚÓp-‰ËÍÚÓp.
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ëéÑÖêÜÄçàÖ äìêëÄ
éÒ‚ÓË‚ ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏÛ ʺÚÓ„Ó ÍÛpÒ‡, ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ËÏÂÚ¸ ‚ Ò‚ÓÏ p‡ÒÔÓpÊÂÌËË ‚ ‚˚Ò¯ÂÈ ÏÂp Ôp‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍË ÛÔÓÚp·ËÏ˚È ÒÎÓ‚‡pÌ˚È Á‡Ô‡Ò. îÓpÏËpÛ˛˘ËÂ Â„Ó ·‡ÁÓ‚˚ ÒÎÓ‚‡, ÒÓÎÓ‚ÓÒÓ˜ÂÚ‡ÌË Ë Ôp‰ÎÓÊÂÌË ·˚ÎË Ú˘‡ÚÂθÌÓ ÓÚÓ·p‡Ì˚ ÔÓ ÔpË̈ËÔÛ Ëı ̇˷ÓΠ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓÈ ÛÔÓÚp·ËÏÓÒÚË ‚ Ôӂ҉̂Ì˚ı ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËı, ÍÓÚÓp˚ ÔÓ˜ÚË Ì‡‚ÂpÌ͇ ÏÓ„ÛÚ ‚ÓÁÌËÍÌÛÚ¸ ÔpË ÔÓÒ¢ÂÌËË ‚‡ÏË ÒÚp‡Ì˚ ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÏÓ„Ó Á˚͇. Ç˚ ÒÏÓÊÂÚ ·ÂÁ ÓÒÓ·Ó„Ó Ì‡ÔpÊÂÌË Ó·ÏÂÌË‚‡Ú¸Ò Ó·˚˜ÌÓÈ ÔpË ÔÂp‚ÓÏ Á̇ÍÓÏÒÚ‚Â ËÌÙÓpχˆËÂÈ, Ó·˘‡Ú¸Ò ‚ ıӉ ҂ÓÂ„Ó ÔÛÚ¯ÂÒÚ‚Ë Ò ÌÓÒËÚÂÎÏË Á˚͇, ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ Û‚ÂpÂÌÌÓ ÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸Ò Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï Úp‡ÌÒÔÓpÚÓÏ, ÔÓ˜ÚÓÈ, ÚÂÎÂÙÓÌÓÏ. Ç˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ ‚ ÒÓÒÚÓÌËË Ì‡‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ ÒÔp‡‚ÍË Ó ÚÓÏ, Í‡Í ÎÛ˜¯Â ‰Ó·p‡Ú¸Ò ‰Ó ÌÛÊÌÓ„Ó ‚‡Ï ÏÂÒÚ‡, Í‡Í Ì‡ÈÚË ‰ÓÏ, p‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚È ÔÓ ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓÏÛ ‚‡Ï ‡‰pÂÒÛ. äpÓÏ ÚÓ„Ó, ‰Î ‚‡Ò Ì ÒÓÒÚ‡‚ËÚ ·Óθ¯Ó„Ó ÚpÛ‰‡ p‡ÒÒ͇Á‡Ú¸ Ó Ò·Â, Ó Ò‚ÓÂÈ ÒÂÏ¸Â Ë Ó Ò‚ÓËı ‰pÛÁ¸ı, Ó Ò‚ÓÏ ‰ÓÏÂ Ë Ó Ò‚ÓÂÈ p‡·ÓÚÂ. ê‡ÒÔÓ·„‡ ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓ„Ó ÛpÓ‚Ì Á̇ÌËÏË Ë ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÌÓÒÚÏË, ‚˚ ÒÛÏÂÂÚÂ Ò ·Óθ¯ÂÈ ʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚ÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÓÚÍp˚‚‡˛˘ËÂÒ ÔÂp‰ ‚‡ÏË ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚË Ó·˘ÂÌË Ò ÌÓ‚˚ÏË Á̇ÍÓÏ˚ÏË, Á̇ÍÓÏÒÚ‚‡ Ò ÍÛθÚÛpÓÈ ‰pÛ„ÓÈ ÒÚp‡Ì˚, Ò Ó·˚˜‡ÏË ‰pÛ„Ó„Ó Ì‡pÓ‰‡.
üÁ˚ÍÓ‚˚ ̇‚˚ÍË, ÙÓpÏËpÓ‚‡ÌË ÍÓÚÓp˚ı Ôp‰ÛÒÏÓÚpÂÌÓ ÔpÓ„p‡ÏÏÓÈ ÍÛpÒ‡, ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎÚ ‚‡Ï ÔpËÌËχڸ Û˜‡ÒÚË ‚ Ôӂ҉̂Ì˚ı p‡Á„Ó‚Óp‡ı, ‰ÂÎËÚ¸Ò ËÌÙÓpχˆËÂÈ, ‰‡‚‡Ú¸ Û͇Á‡ÌË, ÓÔËÒ˚‚‡Ú¸ ÒÓ·˚ÚË, ÓÚÌÓÒ˘ËÂÒ Í Ì‡ÒÚÓ˘ÂÏÛ, Ôpӯ‰¯ÂÏÛ ËÎË ·Û‰Û˘ÂÏÛ ‚pÂÏÂÌË. Ç˚ ÒÏÓÊÂÚ ̇ıÓ‰ËÚ¸ ‰ÓÒÚÓÈÌ˚È ‚˚ıÓ‰ Í‡Í ËÁ ÊËÁÌÂÌÌÓ ‚‡ÊÌ˚ı ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËÈ, Ú‡Í Ë ËÁ ÚÂı, ‚Ò ÒÎÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸ ÍÓÚÓp˚ı Ó·ÛÒÎÓ‚ÎÂ̇ ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸˛ Úp·ӂ‡ÌËÈ ʺÚËÍÂÚ‡. Ç‡Ò ·Û‰ÛÚ ÔÓÌËχڸ β‰Ë, „Ó‚Óp˘Ë ÚÓθÍÓ Ì‡ ‰‡ÌÌÓÏ Á˚ÍÂ, — Ë ‰‡Ê Ú ËÁ ÌËı, ÍÚÓ ÌËÍÓ„‰‡ p‡Ì¸¯Â Ì ӷ˘‡ÎÒ Ò ËÌÓÒÚp‡Ìˆ‡ÏË. à ˜ÚÓ Ì ÏÂÌ ‚‡ÊÌÓ: ‚˚ ·Û‰ÂÚ Á̇ڸ, Í‡Í Á‡‰‡‚‡Ú¸ ‚ÓÔpÓÒ˚, ‚Â‰Û˘ËÂ Í p‡Ò¯ËpÂÌ˲ ‚‡¯Ëı ÔÓÁ̇ÌËÈ ‚ ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓÏ Á˚Í — ·Î‡„Ó‰‡p ӂ·‰ÂÌ˲ Ôp‰·„‡ÂÏ˚ÏË ÏÂÚÓ‰ËÍÓÈ ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡ ÓÚÍp˚Ú˚ÏË ‚ÓÔpÓÒËÚÂθÌ˚ÏË ÍÓÌÒÚpÛ͈ËÏË — Ò‚ÓÂ„Ó pÓ‰‡ ÌÂÓÍÓ̘ÂÌÌ˚ÏË ‚ÓÔpÓÒ‡ÏË, ÍÓÚÓp˚ ÏÓÊÌÓ ‰ÓÒÚpÓËÚ¸ ‚ ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËË Ò ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓÒÚÏË ÚÓÈ ËÎË ËÌÓÈ ÍÓÌÍpÂÚÌÓÈ ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËË.
åÂÚÓ‰ ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡ ‚ÎÂÚÒ Ò‚ÓÂÓ·p‡ÁÌ˚Ï Úp‡ÏÔÎËÌÓÏ ‰Î ‰‡Î¸ÌÂÈ¯Â„Ó ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇, Ôp‰ÛÒχÚpË‚‡˛˘ËÏ Ë Ôp‰ÔÓ·„‡˛˘ËÏ ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸ ‰‡Î¸ÌÂÈ¯Â„Ó ÒÓ‚Âp¯ÂÌÒÚ‚Ó‚‡ÌË ‚ ËÁ·p‡ÌÌÓÏ Á˚ÍÂ, — ˜ÚÓ, ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ „Ó‚Óp, ‚ÎÂÚÒ ÒÚp‡Ú„˘ÂÒÍÓÈ Á‡‰‡˜ÂÈ Î˛·ÓÈ Ó·Û˜‡˛˘ÂÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚. ùÚÓ Ê·ÌË ËÁÛ˜‡Ú¸ Á˚Í ·Û‰ÂÚ Ó˜Â‚Ë‰Ì˚Ï Ë ÔÓÌÚÌ˚Ï ‰Î β‰ÂÈ, Ò ÍÓÚÓp˚ÏË ‚‡Ï
11
ëéÑÖêÜÄçàÖ äìêëÄ (ÔÓ‰ÓίÂÌËÂ)
Ôp‰ÒÚÓËÚ Ó·˘‡Ú¸Ò ̇ pÓ‰ÌÓÏ ‰Î ÌËı Á˚ÍÂ. ùÚËÏ ‚˚ ̇„ΉÌÓ ÔÓ͇ÊÂÚ ҂ÓÈ ËÌÚÂpÂÒ Ë Û‚‡ÊÂÌËÂ Í Ëı ÍÛθÚÛpÂ. çÛ, ‡ β‰Ë, ÍÓÚÓp˚ ˜Û‚ÒÚ‚Û˛Ú Û‚‡ÊÂÌËÂ Í Ò·Â, Ó·˚˜ÌÓ Óڂ˜‡˛Ú ‰pÛÊÂβ·ËÂÏ Ë „ÓÚÓ‚ÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ÔÓÏÓ˜¸. ÑÓÒÚË„ÌÛ‚ Ê ڇÍÓ„Ó ÛpÓ‚Ì ‚Á‡ËÏÓÔÓÌËχÌË, ‚˚ ÔÓÎÛ˜ËÚ ‚ Ò‚Ó p‡ÒÔÓpÊÂÌË ¢ ·ÓΠʺÙÙÂÍÚË‚Ì˚ Òp‰ÒÚ‚‡ Ó·˘ÂÌË, ˜ÂÏ ‰‡ÊÂ Ò‡Ï Á˚Í.
éÅ éëéÅÖççéëíüï åÖëíçõï ÑàÄãÖäíéÇÇ Î˛·ÓÈ ·Óθ¯ÓÈ ÒÚp‡Ì (‡ ÔÓ‰˜‡Ò ‰‡ÊÂ Ë ‚ ÏÂÌ ÍpÛÔÌ˚ı
„ÓÒÛ‰‡pÒÚ‚‡ı) ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ p‡ÁÎË˜Ë ‚ Á˚ÍÂ, Ò‚Á‡ÌÌ˚Â Ò ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓÒÚÏË ÏÂÒÚÌ˚ı „Ó‚ÓpÓ‚ Ë ‰Ë‡ÎÂÍÚÓ‚. Ç ëÓ‰ËÌÌÌ˚ı òÚ‡Ú‡ı ÄÏÂpËÍË, ̇ÔpËÏÂp, ÔpÓËÁÌÓ¯ÂÌË ÊËÚÂÎ ¯Ú‡Ú‡ åʺÈÌ ‚ÂҸχ Á‡ÏÂÚÌÓ ÓÚ΢‡ÂÚÒ ÓÚ ‚˚„Ó‚Óp‡ ÛpÓÊÂ̈‡ íÂı‡Ò‡. ê‡ÁÌˈ‡ ‚ ÔpÓËÁÌÓ¯ÂÌËË (‡ÍˆÂÌÚ) ÒÓÔpÓ‚Óʉ‡ÂÚÒ ÓÔp‰ÂÎÌÌ˚ÏË p‡Á΢ËÏË ‚ ÒÎÓ‚‡pÂ. ç‡ÔpËÏÂp, ÚÓ, ˜ÚÓ ‚ 縲-âÓpÍÂ Ë ÄpËÁÓÌ ÔpËÌÚÓ Ì‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸ «drinking fountain», ‚ ¯Ú‡Ú ÇËÒÍÓÌÒËÌ ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ ËÒÍβ˜ËÚÂθÌÓ Í‡Í «bubbler»; Ó·˘ÂÔpËÌÚÓ ‚ p‰Â p„ËÓÌÓ‚ ÄÏÂpËÍË ÓÔp‰ÂÎÂÌË «soft drink» ‚ ‰pÛ„Ëı ÏÂÒÚ‡ı Á‡ÏÂÌÂÚÒ ÒÎÓ‚ÓÏ «soda». ê‡ÁÎË˜Ë ‚ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍÓÏ Á˚Í ¢ ·ÓΠӘ‚ˉÌ˚ ÔpË ÒÓÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËË Á˚͇ ÛpÓÊÂ̈‡ ÅpËÚ‡ÌËË Ë ÊËÚÂÎ ë‚ÂpÓ-ÄÏÂpË͇ÌÒÍÓ„Ó ÍÓÌÚËÌÂÌÚ‡, ËÎË ·pËڇ̈‡ Ë ‡‚ÒÚp‡ÎËȈ‡. åÂÊ‰Û ÚÂÏ ‚Ò ÓÌË ı‡p‡ÍÚÂpËÁÛ˛ÚÒ Í‡Í ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ ÌÓÒËÚÂÎË ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍÓ„Ó Á˚͇, ‰Î Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ËÁ ÌËı pÓ‰Ì˚Ï Á˚ÍÓÏ ‚ÎÂÚÒ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ; ‚Ò ÓÌË ÏÓ„ÛÚ Ó·˘‡Ú¸Ò ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÓ·ÓÈ, ˜ËÚ‡Ú¸ Ó‰ÌË Ë Ú Ê „‡ÁÂÚ˚ Ë ÒÏÓÚpÂÚ¸ Ó‰ÌË Ë Ú Ê ÚÂÎÂÔÂp‰‡˜Ë — Í‡Í Ôp‡‚ËÎÓ, Ì ËÒÔ˚Ú˚‚‡ ÔpË ʺÚÓÏ ÓÒÓ·˚ı Á‡ÚpÛ‰ÌÂÌËÈ.
ᇘ‡ÒÚÛ˛ β‰Ë — ÂÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚ ÌÓÒËÚÂÎË ÚÓ„Ó ËÎË ËÌÓ„Ó Á˚͇ — ÏÓ„ÛÚ, ÔÓÒÎÛ¯‡‚ p˜¸ ‰pÛ„Ó„Ó ˜ÂÎÓ‚Â͇, ‚˚Ò͇Á‡Ú¸ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ÚÓ˜ÌÓ Ôp‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ó ÚÓÏ, ÛpÓÊÂ̈ÂÏ Í‡ÍËı ÏÂÒÚ ÓÌ (ËÎË Ó̇) ‚ÎÂÚÒ. äpÓÏ ÏÂÒÚÌ˚ı ÓÚ΢ËÈ, ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Û˛Ú Ú‡ÍÊÂ Ë ÒӈˇθÌ˚ p‡Á΢Ë. éÒÌÓ‚ÓÈ ‰Î ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ‚ ÍÛpÒ‡ı ËÌÓÒÚp‡ÌÌ˚ı Á˚ÍÓ‚, p‡Áp‡·ÓÚ‡ÌÌ˚ı ÔÓ ÏÂÚÓ‰Û ‰-p‡ èËÏÒÎÂp‡, ÒÎÛÊËÚ Òڇ̉‡pÚÌ˚È „p‡ÏÓÚÌ˚È («Ó·˘ÂÎËÚÂp‡ÚÛpÌ˚È») Á˚Í, ‚·‰ÂÌË ÍÓÚÓp˚Ï ÔÓÏÓÊÂÚ ‚‡Ï ·ÂÁ ÓÒÓ·˚ı ÔpÓ·ÎÂÏ ÔpÓÂı‡Ú¸ ËÁ ÍÓ̈‡ ‚ ÍÓ̈ ÒÚp‡Ì˚ ËÁÛ˜‡ÂÏÓ„Ó Á˚͇.
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