anzor mesxisvili -...

anzor mesxiSvili

`Cemo

qarTulo

miwav!~

Tbilisi 2015

rreeddaaqqttoorriissggaannam patara krebulis redaqtoroba da winasityveobis da-

wera, Cema megobarma, kolegam, Tanamoazrem, sasoflo-

sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis patriotma da qomagma - an-

zor mesxiSvilma SemomTavaza, raTa obieqturad gamomeTqva

Cemi damokidebuleba aq motanili masalis Taobaze.

ramodenime variantis sqema movxaze kidec, magram igi

yvela mkiTxvelisaTvis gasagebi da damafiqrebeli, rom gam-

xdariyo, profesiul msjelobas, saTanado SeniSvnebisa da

winadadaebebis Camoyalibebas, vamjobine, TqvenTvis gamec-

no uniWieresi poetis, mmaannaannaa ddaannggaaZZiiss `SemaZrwunebeli~

_ leqsi `Cemo qarTulo miwav!~ ramac bunebrivia am krebu-

lis saTauris bedic gadawyvita.

- 2 -

Cemo qarTulo miwav!

kavo, saxniso, guTano,

Cemo qarTulo miwav!

`RirRitav bani uTxari~...

Sens did ilias vficav!

geymo da gageguTano,

Seni erTguli mican,

mere ki ar dainano

erTi mtkaveli miwa,

oSko, siono, xaxulo,

mtkvaro, riono, riwav,

marano, Rvinov kaxuro,

mamulo, tkbilo fiWav!

Sen sadRegrZelod avenTe,

SenTvis damwvari mican,

mere ki ar dainano

erTi mtkaveli miwa!

- 3 -

* * *

nu exumrebiT qarTul miwa-wyals

da nu adgamT bijs zed waramarad!

is aris Cveni „wminda wmindaTa“,

unda gvaxsovdes marad da marad.

aba erT gojas Tu sadme naxavT,

rom is ar iyos sisxliT morwyuli!

imis siRrmeSi Camarxulia

Cveni winapris suli da guli!

aakkaakkii

* * *

saqarTvelo dRes waagavs msuqan dumas, gareSe

kaci mietana am dumas da nel-nela aTlis kai-kai

naWrebs. Cveni teritoria sxvis xelSi gadadis da

Cven, qarTvelebi, am dumis Tlas _ miwa-wylis ga-

dasvlas sxvis xelSi, rodi vewinaaRmdegebiT sas-

tikad. rogor ekadreba aseTi saqcieli Cvens ke-

TilSobilebas... ras sCadixarT, vin mogcaT neba,

eris saunje teritoria saZmo, sakacobrio tab-

lad aqcioT da TviT ersac xeli erovnulobaze

aaRebinoT?!

vvaaJJaa

* * *

`mSobliuro Cemo miwav,

Sens sayvarel saxels vficav,

gicavdi da gicav marad,

gicavdi da kvlav dagicav!~.

ggaallaakkttiioonnii

- 4 -

`qalaqSi wasulo qites da yayitav,

wyeulimc iqneba, am Txovnas vinc waSlis:

RmerTi ar gagiwyreT, miwa ar gayidoT,

papa ar damarxoT gayidul miwaSi.~

SSooTTaa nniiSSnniiaanniiZZee

saqarTvelos miwa gansacdelSia!

mimarTva saqarTvelos sazogadoebas

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo teritoria qarTveli xal-

xis organuli socialur-ekonomikuri, demografiuli,

eTno-fsiqologiuri da eTno-kulturuli kanonzomieri

ganviTarebis Sedegia im miwaze, sadac saxelmwifosTan

erTad Seiqmna qarTuli erovneba da erovnuli cnobiere-

ba.

miwa erisTvis misi yofierebis teritoriaa, fizikura-

dac da fsiqikuradac. igi sasicocxlod aucilebeli ba-

zaa, romelic arsebiTad gansazRvravs qveynis yovelmx-

rivi damoukideblobis xarisxs da faqtobrivad warmo-

adgens mocemul sivrceSi eris sulisdgmisa da Semoqme-

debis aucilebel pirobas.

qarTveli eris sicocxle ganuyofelia saqarTvelos

miwisgan. verc diasporis saxiT, verc sakuTar qveyanaSi

umciresobis saxiT qarTveli eri ver iarsebebs. amas obi-

eqturi mizezebi gaaCnia:

I. qarTvelma erma icis, rom mTeli Tavisi istoriis man-

Zilze misi samosaxlo miwa-wyali dedamiwaze erT-erTi

saukeTesoa, mis mezoblobaSi ki _ yvelaze saukeTeso. es

- 5 -

qarTvels aniWebs imis gancdas (cnobieradac da qvecno-

bieradac), rom mis mier gaRebuli msxverpli am miwis Sesa-

narCuneblad uazro ar aris: igi Tavis STamomavlobas da-

narCen kacobriobasTan SedarebiT upirates mdgomareo-

baSi ayenebs. amitom aseTi moaruli frazebi rogoricaa

“mSvenieri saqarTvelo”, “turfa saqarTvelo”, “ca-fi-

ruz-xmeleT-zurmuxto Cemo samSoblo mxareo”, “qar-

Tulze ukeTes xils versad SeWam”, “aqaurze ukeTes wyals

versad dalev”, “Cvenze ukeTesi saRvine yurZeni arsad mo-

dis” da a.S. mxolod lamazi sityvebi ar aris. qarTvelma

kacma istoriulad icis, rom saqarTvelos miwis dakarg-

viT igi da misi STamomavloba momavals kargaven.

II. qarTvelma kacma icis, rom saqarTvelos samxedro,

kulturuli, moraluri TvalsazrisiT, zogadad – mo-

saxleobis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT, agreTve sakuTari

cxovrebis mowyobis niWis TvalsazrisiTac msoflioSi

erT-erTi saukeTeso adgili uWiravs. amaSi mas eguleba

erT-erTi upiratesoba, romelsac igi Tavis STamomav-

lobas utovebs. qarTvelma icis (cnobieradac da qvec-

nobieradac), rom misi eris maRali xarisxi mniSvnelovan-

wilad ganpirobebulia misi qveynis bunebrivi maxasia-

TeblebiT (magaliTad, yvelas esmis, rom adamiani, ro-

melsac TveSi erTxel mainc mTaze Sedgoma da qveynis ga-

daxedva uwevs, ufro metad aris aRWurvili warmosaxvi-

Ta da aqtiuri azrovnebis unariT, vidre is, vinc tra-

malSi cxovrobs).

azrovnebis aqtiuroba, rac adamians bavSobidan unvi-

Tardeba, rogorc cnobilia, didi faqtoria misi Semoq-

medebiTi aqtiurobisTvis, Sromisa da Semoqmedebis yve-

la dargSi.

III. saqarTvelos fizikuri geografiis mravalgvaroba

qarTvel kacs (cnobieradac da qvecnobieradac) aniWebs

imis gancdas, rom masac da mis modgmasac unari aqvT

- 6 -

srulfasovnad iSromon da ibrZolon yvelanair eqstre-

malur pirobebSi, sicxeSic da yinvaSic, mTaSic da bar-

Sic, wyalSic da xmeleTzec, amdenad, saqarTvelos miwa-

wyali qarTvels uRirs sxva yovelivesTan erTad, ro-

gorc TaobaTa aRzrdis optimaluri baza - saqarTvelos

buneba adamians arc anazebs, arc gausaZlisi pirobebiT

Cagravs. igi mas ganviTarebis saukeTeso pirobebs uqmnis!

saqarTvelos kanonmdebels ara aqvs ufleba qarTveli

eris (saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa krebulis) am bednier mem-

kvidreobas, mis winaparTa sisxliT daculs Tundac erTi

goji moaklos. saqarTvelos fizikuri geografia, ro-

gorc sacxovrisis istoriulad harmonizebuli erTiani

sistema ver ifunqciebs misi nawil-nawil xelyofis (gas-

xvisebis) SemTxvevaSi.

sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa erisTvis aris

ara mxolod ekonomikuri, aramed socialuri da kultu-

ruli faseuloba. arc saxalxo-sameurneo mosazrebidan,

arc misdami sazogadoebrivi interesebisa da socialuri

mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba miwa avtomatu-

rad gauTanabrdes sxva qonebriv sikeTeebsa da Rirebu-

lebebs, samar¬Tlebriv brunvaSi ki igi ver iqneba miCneu-

li da miRebuli, rogorc uZravi qoneba.

miwa aris Seucvleli, gaumravlebeli da “amowurvadi”

(SezRuduli) resursi. mosaxleobisa da soflis meurne-

obis produqtebze moTxovnis zrdasTan erTad mcirdeba

daumuSavebeli soflis meurneobis savargulebi da aqe-

dan gamomdinare, iwureba resursic. dedamiwaze iafi sak-

vebis epoqa dasrulda.

swored amitom, Tanamedrove msoflios TiTqmis yvela

saxelmwifo gansakuTrebiT frTxilad ekideba sasof-

lo-sameurneo miwis ucxoelebisTvis miyidvas da es sfe-

ro umkacresi regulaciiT gamoirCeva (daSvebulia mxo-

lod garkveuli da konkretuli winapiro-bebiT). sasof-

lo-sameurneo miwis ucxoelebze ganusazRvreli odeno-

biT gasxviseba istorias bardeba!

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is, rom umetes qveyneb-

Si yvelaze mkacri SezRudvebi wesdeba iuridiuli pire-

bis mimarT sasoflo-sameurneo miwis Sesyidvaze. es rom

ase ar iyos, msoflios nebismieri mdidari kompania ram-

densame wuTSi Seisyidis gaWirvebuli mcire qveynis sa-

vargulebs mTlianad.

zogjer arsebobs saxelmwifo organoebis mier miwis

gasxvisebaze specialuri, damatebi¬Ti nebarTvis miRe-

bis Semaferxebeli procedura, xolo zog SemTxvevaSi,

qonebis Sesyidvaze pirdapiri akrZalvebic.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo valdebulia Tavisi moqala-

qis winaSe, rom uzrunvelyos garantirebuli pirobebi

imisa, rom saqarTvelos sasicocxlod aucilebeli re-

sursebi ar Semcirdes, da

- uzrunvelyos imigraciis sakmarisi kontroli, sa-

qarTvelos moqalaqeTa gamravlebis tempebis gaTvliT,

rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa STamomavloba ganWvretad

momavalSi ar dadges sasursaTo, ekologiuri, kraudin-

guli, ekonomikuri, demografiuli, socialuri da sxva

saxis mZime gamowvevebis winaSe.

- imigraciuli nakadebis ukontroloba da saqarTve-

los moqalaqeebis ukiduresi gaRaribeba ukve imis sru-

liad realur safrTxes qmnis, rom uaxloes momavalSi

saqarTvelos kontrolirebadi teritoriis didi nawili

sxva saxelmwifoebis moqalaqeTa xelSi aRmoCndeba. Tan

es qveynebi (CineTi, indoeTi, arabeTis rigi saxelmwifo,

TurqeTi, irani), romlebic ukve gamoxataven qarTuli

miwiT dainteresebas, gamoirCevian umwvavesi Warbmosax-

leobiT da mciremiwianobiT. am qveynebis demografiuli

da safinanso-ekonomikuri potenciali iZleva viTarebis

drois umokles periodSi CvenTvis tragikulad Secvlis

- 7 -

- 8 -

prognozs. ukve vxedavT am procesis Sedegebs. statusda-

karguli qarTuli sofeli kargavs istoriul, socia-

lur-ekonomikur da demografiul funqcias. amitomac

izrdeba daZabuloba qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi

mcxovreb mkvidr mosaxleobasa da Camosaxlebul ucxoe-

lebs Soris.

dRes saqarTvelos sasikvdilo safrTxe emuqreba. mis

ZiriTad simdidres _ mis miwas _ upasuximgeblo adamia-

nebi ucxoelebze gayidvas upireben. saqarTvelos kanon-

mdebelni imis uSualo cdunebis winaSe dganan, rom saa-

rako Ralati Caidinon da axali kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad,

Cveni miwis ganiavebis iuridiuli pirobebi Seqmnan.

Zalian mokled mogaxsenebT saqmis viTarebas.

saqarTvelos upasuxismgeblo da umecarma sakonsti-

tucio sasamarTlom 2012 wlis 26 ivniss gaauqma uamiso-

dac uaRresad arasrulyofili, saxeldobr, saxelmwi-

fosa da sazogadoebis interesTa ugulebelmyofeli

“sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis sakuTrebis Se-

saxeb” saqarTvelos kanonSi gaTvaliswinebuli SezRud-

vebi ucxoelTa mier sasoflo-sameurneo miwis Sesyidva-

sa da sakuTrebaSi qonaze. amiT saqarTvelos sasoflo-

sameurneo miwa – qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos yvela

moqalaqis da maTi STamomvlobis sasicocxlo da saarse-

bo baza aw da maradis – gatanili aRmoCnda msoflios Ria

bazarze, sadac, dResdReobiT da uaxloes wlebSi saqar-

Tvelos sayovelTao gaRatakebis fonze, mosaxleobis

mTeli masa arakonkurentunariania saqarTvelos miwis

miTvisebis ucxoel msurvelebTan SedarebiT. am opera-

ciis mizani da motivacia, xelisufalTa angarebis para-

lelurad, sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara saqarTvelos demog-

rafiuli deqarTvelizacia da misi miwa-wylis aTviseba

axali, garedan moyvanili an bunebrivad imigrirebuli

mosaxleobis mier.

kanonproeqti `sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis mi-

wis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi cvlilebis

Setanis Taobaze saqarTvelos parlamentSi qarTuli sa-

zogadoebis “zurgs ukan Sevida”. misi sajaro ganxilva

ar momxdara. sazogadoebam kanonproeqtze msjeloba da-

iwyo mas Semdeg, rac misi teqsti saqarTvelos parlamen-

tis eleqtronul gverdze daido.

kanonproeqtma erTmniSvnelovnad uaryofiTi Sefase-

ba daimsaxura, rogorc akademiur wreebSi, ise farTo sa-

zogadoebaSi. masze arc erTi dadebiTi gamoxmaureba ar

yofila sajaro sivrceSi. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

kanonproeqtSi (arc mis “alternatiul variantSi,” rome-

lic dargobrivi ekonomikis komitetSia SemuSavebuli)

ar Cans mTavrobis xedva da strategia sasoflo-sameur-

neo miwis mimarT. aseve, ar Cans, analizze dafuZnebul ra

gamowvevebs pasuxobs igi. kanonproeqti unda emsaxure-

bodes xedvis, strategiis da dasaxuli miznebis ganxor-

cielebas da ara SiSveli principebis CamonaTvals. Tu

parlamenti ecdeba is suliskveTeba gadaitanos oficia-

lur versiaSi, romelic samuSao variantSia da romelic

iuridiuli pirebis interesebis lobirebiTaa gaJRenTi-

li, es iqneba qarTveli xalxis motyuebis mcdeloba. es

ar gamova. saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebma mxari ar

unda dauWeren qarTuli miwis ganiavebis damdgen kanons

miRebas.

am sasicocxlo Temaze sazogadoebam unda icodes

Semdegi:

- saqarTvelo, rogorc dedamiwis nawili, ekuTvnis

qarTvel ers, rogorc kacobriobis erT-erT nawils.

qarTveli eris uflebaa, es teritoria (miwa) gamoiyenos

Tavisi sazogadoebis mSeneblobisTvis Tavisi fizikuri,

mentaluri, sulieri SesaZleblobebis, midrekilebebis,

tradiciebisa da gemovnebis mixedviT, anu eZebos sakuTa-

- 9 -

- 10 -

ri gzebi kacobriobis erToblivi maradiuli miznebisa

da idealebis realizaciisTvis.

- saqarTvelos xelisufleba valdebulia, Tavisi mo-

qalaqeebis STamomavloba daicvas ara mxolod samxed-

ro, ekologiuri, epidemiuri da sxva masobrivi katast-

rofebisgan, aramed sasursaTosganac (anu stabiluri da

masobrivi SimSilobisagan) _ konkretulad, mas mudmi-

vad da ucvlelad unda hqondes xelT is minimaluri re-

sursi, rom Tavis mosaxleobas (bunebrivia, mzard Tao-

baTa manZilze) biologiurad aucilebeli kaloriebi

misces. amisi erTaderTi realuri gzaa _ Tavis mier

kontrolirebadi potencialis sazRvrebSi SeinarCunos

is sawarmoo simZlavreebi, romlebic sakmarisia, raTa

Tavis moqalaqeTa Sromis saWiro nawili sakvebad mosax-

mar masalad gardaqmnas. aseTi sawarmoo simZlavre, ro-

melsac alternativa ara aqvs da ver eqneba, aris mxolod

miwa.

- Tanamedrove demokratiuli saxelmwifo da sazoga-

doeba miwis sakiTxs udgeba sakuTari erovnuli da sazo-

gadoebrivi mizanSewonilobis mixedviT: Tu sakuTrebis

klasikuri gageba winaaRmdegobaSi modis sazogadoebriv

interesebTan, maSin uyoymanod iwireba Teoris moTxov-

na. am mxriv dasavluri saxelmwifoebi araviTar simorcx-

ves ar amJRavneben.

- qveynis resursul potencialSi miwas, rogorc uvado

ekonomikur aqtivs, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWe-

ba. saqarTveloSi gaeros specialuri meTodikiT gaanga-

riSebuli nivTobrivi simdidre 1990 wels sul 275 mlrd

dolaris tolfasi iyo, romelSic miwas 54,3% ekava;

- amJamad planetaze miwis erTi naglejic ki ar aris

Tavisufali da, Tu gadavxedavT Tanamedrove konfliq-

tebis umravlesobas, maTi mizezi swored teritoriuli

davaa;

- miwa ara mxolod produqciis warmoebis wyaroa, ara-

med qarTuli modgmisa da eris ganmtkicebis faqtoric;

- qveynis siZliere glexkacis miwasTan maradiul kav-

SirSia;

- glexkaci soflis macocxlebeli da gardamqnelia;

- miwisgan glexkacis mowyveta gamoiwvevs, soflis, ro-

gorc erovnuli kulturis saZirkvlis, yofacxovrebis

wesis Semoqmedis, Semnaxvelisa da ganmaaxleblis funq-

ciis moSlas.

- istoriulad, samSoblos dacviT qarTveli glexkaci

Tavis pirad mamapapursac, Tavis “mamulsac” icavda. sxva

sityviT: Tavis pirad mamuls igi Tavisi didi mamulis _

Tavisi saxelmwifos _ dacvis saxiT icavda _ da icavs.

es bunebisa da sazogadoebis uryevi kanonia. es fsiqolo-

giuri kanonzomiereba maradiulia.

- miwa, sakuTrebis sxva obieqtebisgan gansxvave¬biT,

erTdroulad warmoadgens sakuTrebis obieqts, warmoe-

bis saSualebas da saxelmwifo teritoriasac. amdenad,

miwis sakuTrebas, garda ekonomikuri da iuridiuli dat-

virTvisa, politikuri aspeqtic gaaCnia. esaa saxelmwifo

teritoriuli Seuvaloba anu suvereniteti. suverenia

xalxi (eri).

is faqti, rom teritoriul suverenitets icavs sa-

xelmwifo, sul ar niSnavs imas, rom saxelmwifoa miwis

uzenaesi mesakuTre. saxelmwifo teritoria (miwa) xal-

xis (eris) sakuTrebaa. eri, rogorc aRniSnuli uflebis

samarTalmemkvidre, ar gulisxmobs mxolod dRevandel

Taobas. erovnuli samarTalSegneba samarTalsubieqtad

miiCnevs aseve warsul da momaval Taobebsac. swored

amitom arc erT Taobas (miT ufro, garkveuli vadiT mo-

sul xelisuflebas) ar aqvs aranairi ufleba, saZvale

mouSalos winaprebs da mamuli gauyidos STamomavlo-

bas.

- 11 -

- 12 -

farTod unda gacxaddes saqarTvelos sazogadoebis

erToblivi azri, rom xelisuflebis ganzraxva ucxoe-

lebisTvis xelovnurad gaRatakebuli glexebis miwis mi-

yidvisa aris kanonsawinaaRmdegod mopovebulis gayidva

da rom aseTi nasyidobebi gauqmdeba.

dRes qarTvelma erma mTlianad icis, rom mocemul pi-

robebSi Cveni miwis ucxoelebze ganukiTxavi gasxviseba

Cveni qveynisTvis mavnea. saqarTvelos parlamentma xeli

unda aiRos Semosuli arasasurveli, saxelmwifosa da sa-

zogadoebis interesTa ugulebel-myofeli kanonproeq-

tis ganxilvaze da orientacia moaxdinos miwaTsargeb-

lobis axali realisturi kanonis (miwis kodeqsi) SemuSa-

vebaze uaxloesi Tveebis manZilze.

qarTul sazogadoebas moqmedeba uswrafesad hmar-

Tebs, raTa xeli ar axlon Cvens maradiul samkvidre-

bels.

sazogadoebis `saqarTvelos miwis guSagi~ saxeliT:

mmeerraabb bbooxxuuaa,, mmaammuukkaa ggiioorrggaaZZee,, rreevvaazz ggooggooxxiiaa,, TTeennggiizz ddii--

xxaammiinnjjiiaa,, mmeerraabb vvaaCCnnaaZZee,, jjeemmaall kkaacciittaaZZee,, ppaaaattaa kkooRRuuaaSSvvii--

llii,, gguullnnaarraa mmaarrggvveellaaSSvviillii,, gguurraamm mmaaqqaaccaarriiaa,, zzaazzaa mmggaa--

lloobblliiSSvviillii,, aannzzoorr mmeessxxiiSSvviillii,, zzuurraabb mmiiqqeellaaZZee,, ggrriiggooll

mmuurrRRuulliiaa,, nnooddaarr nnaaTTaaZZee,, zzaauurr nnaaWWyyeebbiiaa,, iiuurrii ppaappaassqquuaa,,

ooTTaarr JJoorrddaanniiaa,, bbaaddrrii rraammiiSSvviillii,, yyaarraammaann ffaaRRaavvaa,, lleevvaann

ffrruuiiZZee,, ppaaaattaa ccnnoobbiillaaZZee,, mmeerraabb SSaaTTiirriiSSvviillii,, lleevvaann CCaaCCuuaa,,

SSooTTaa CCxxeeiiZZee,, nniikkoo CCiixxllaaZZee,, zzaauurr jjiinnjjoollaavvaa,, ddooddoo jjoolloo--

xxaavvaa,, mmiixxeeiill jjiibbuuttii..

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, N49, 2015 w.

qqaarrTTuulloo mmiiwwaavv!!

àrc myvarebia, arc miyvars,

arc mdomebia, arc minda,

arc mwamebia, arca mwams,

Sens garda kidev sxva wminda~.

aakkaakkii wweerreeTTeellii

qarTvelebo, gamovfxizldeT!

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis prezidentis moad-

gilem, profesorma ioseb baCiaSvilma 2014 wels gamosca wigni: èri da

dro~ (anu gviyvars Tu ara qarTvelebs saqarTvelo). visac ainteresebs

saqarTvelos bed-iRbali, misi dRevandeli mdgomareoba, saiT midis

qveyana da ra unda gakeTdes misi bednieri momavlisTvis, es wigni auci-

leblad unda waikiTxos. yvela qarTvels, gansakuTrebiT _ saqarTve-

los mTavrobis wevrebs, qalaqis merebsa da raionis gamgeblebs vurCev

da vTxov, aucileblad waikiTxon zemoaRniSnuli wigni. Cemi mizani ar

aris, am wignis Rirseba Sevafaso. am wignis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tavi val-

debulad CavTvale, gamovTqva Cemi Tvalsazrisi dRevandeli cxovre-

bis saWirboroto sakiTxebze. baton ioseb baCiaSvilTan SeTanxmebiT,

qvemoT moyvanili zogierTi cifrobrivi monacemi da mosazreba amo-

Rebulia misi naSromidan. Jurnalisti ar var, amitom, Tu Cems weril-

Si gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi da daskvnebi mxatvrulad gamarTuli ar

iqneba da Tu ar mogewonebaT, SemindeT.

qarTvelebs gvaqvs simRera, romelic ase iwyeba: `qeifs viwyeb dili-

dan, viqiraveb diliJans...~. dilidanve qeifi ki ara, muSaoba unda da-

viwyoT da saaTian sadRegrZeloebs SeveSvaT. aseve gvaqvs simRera: à-

rasodes micxovria glexurad, kaci merqva, Tavze qudi mexura~. Cven

glexs pativs ar vcemT, ar vuqmniT pirobebs, ar vexmarebiT, rom Seqm-

nas maRalxarisxiani da didi raodenobis produqti, ar vafasebT da ar

vuvliT sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebs da vaniavebT. holan-

dieli fermeri 182 adamians kvebavs, xolo Cveni glexi (fermeri)

Zlivs arCens Tavis ojaxs. holandiasa da sxva qveynebSi Zroxebi 6-

- 13 -

- 14 -

jer mets iwvelian, vidre saqarTveloSi; holandiaSi simindis mosa-

vals 8-10 tonas iReben, CvenTan _ 3-5 tonas, iq xorblis mosavals 4-

6 tonas iweven, CvenTan _ 1-2 tonas. holandia teritoriiT saqarT-

veloze patara qveyanaa, mosaxleobiT _ meti. zRva zamTarSi iyine-

ba, magram imden Tevzs iWeren, rom bevr qveyanaSi gaaqvT gasayidad;

es qveyana msoflioSi saukeTeso gemTmSenebelia. Cven ukeTesi kli-

maturi pirobebi gvaqvs, magram ar gvaqvs ramdenadme mainc ganviTa-

rebuli TevzWeris industria. Cvens istoriulad sazRvao qveyanas

erTi navic ki ar gaukeTebia, Tu ar CavTvliT sabWoTa priodSi Seqm-

nil ramdenime egzemplars. erTi holandieli weliwadSi uSvebs 179

227 evros Rirebulebis produqcias, xolo qarTveli imave period-

Si _ 1103 evros Rirebulebis produqcias, anu erTi holandieli

udris 162 qarTvels. vaRiaroT, rom Seuracxmyofeli cifrebia.

ioseb baCiaSvili Tavis wignSi aseve aRniSnavs: `ukve 23 welia, rac

Cveni qveyana damoukidebelia da isev im siduxWiresa da ubedurebaSi

vimyofebiT, romliTac Cveni damoukidebloba daiwyo. 1945 wels, meo-

re msoflio omis Semdeg, germania sulierad, materialurad da poli-

tikurad sruliad ganadgurebuli qveyana iyo, 23 wlis Semdeg, anu 1968

wels ki msoflios erT-erT mowinave saxelmwifod iqca. igive SeiZleba

iTqvas iaponiaze. 1945 wlis Semodgomaze atomuri bombebiT ganadgu-

rebuli da moralurad dacemuli iaponia, 23 wlis Semdeg, anu 1968

wels ukve industriulad maRalganviTarebuli qveyana iyo. dResac ki

am qveyanas permanentulad Tavs atydeba uZlieresi stiqiuri ubedu-

rebebi, magram naxeT, rogor umklavdeba es eri yvelafers da bevri mo-

nacemiT msoflioSi pirvel adgilzea. israeli mudmivad aris CarTu-

li omSi. misi teritoria samjer naklebia saqarTveloze. mosaxleoba

ki orjer metia, klimati da bunebrivi pirobebi _ uaresi, vidre saqar-

TveloSi. miuxedavad amisa, yvavis israeli. erT sul mosaxleze mTlia-

ni Siga produqti aris 37 035 aSS dolari, saqarTveloSi _ 5 200 dola-

ri da am monacemiT msoflioSi 119 adgilze varT. israelSi mecniere-

baze ixarjeba mSp-is 4.4%, romelic 2-jer metia aSS-is Sesabamis xarj-

ze, 40-jer meti saqrTvelos Sesabamis xarjze, amitom msoflioSi yve-

laze meti nobelis premiis laureati hyavs. mTliani Siga produqtis

erT sulze msyidvelobiTi unaris mixedviT _ 5200 aSS dolari _ sa-

qarTvelo CamorCeba iseT qveynebs, rogoricaa: ukraina _ 6700 aSS do-

lari: serbeTi _ 10 900 aSS dolari; makedonia _ 9700 aSS dolari;

azerbaijani _ 10200 aSS dolari; saqarTvelo CamorCeba somxeTsac

(5400 aSS dolari), romelic geografiuli mdebareobiT, saqarTvelos-

Tan SedarebiT, gacilebiT uares mdgomareobaSia. saqarTveloSi 1987-

1989 wlebSi yovelwliurad iwarmoeboda 36 miliardi amerikuli do-

laris produqcia (dRevandeli kursis Sesabamisad). 2013 wels vawarmo-

eT erTi miliardi amerikuli dolaris produqcia. saqarTveloSi mo-

saxleobis erT sulze vawarmoebT 18 kg marcvleuls, movixmarT _

128kg-s; xorcs vawarmoebT 9kg-s, movixmarT _ 26kg-s.

uamravi amgvari magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba. ratom maT ar dasWir-

daT fexze dasadgomad `didi xani~? ratom veraferi SevZeliT kink-

laobis, omebis, meqrTameobis, datacebisa da yaCaRobis garda? ra-

tom aris Cemi Tanamemamule Rataki, Seuracxyofili da gabiTure-

buli? ratom ver vxedav Cems samSobloSi momRimar saxeebs? ratom

tyuis yvela mTavroba? ratom midis qarTveli qali da kaci sxva qve-

yanaSi Sav muSad? da sxva bevri ratom, ratom da ratom?~

ratom amboben, is dro jobdao, roca qarTveli qalebi datyvevebu-

li miyavdaT sparseTSi (iranSi). ar viyviroT? ar gavgiJdeT? Tu vimRe-

roT: `arasodes micxovria glexurad, kaci viyav, Tavze qudi mexura~,

`qeifs viwyeb dilidan, viqiraveb diliJans~... vaqoT mTavroba, samSob-

lo da qarTveli vaJkacebi (jipiT rom miseirnobs rusTavelze da

`malboros~ cariel yuTs rom isvris an, Cemi dedis mty...i viyoo, rom

iZaxis, an qaliSvili rom ambobs, mamaCemis bozi viyoo) da erTsaaTiani

sadRegrZeloebi SevsvaT?!

saqarTveloSi 4700 soflidan 700-ze meti, faqtobrivad, aRar ar-

sebobs. yvelaze didi sofeli saqarTveloSi iyo qarTvelebiT da-

saxlebuli martyofi, axla yvelaze didi soflebia kabali (lago-

dexSi) da iormuRanlo (sagarejoSi), azerbaijanelebiT dasaxlebu-

li. ramdenime wlis winaT saqarTveloSi pirvel oceulSi iyo mxo-

lod qarTuli gvarebi. dRes pirvel adgilzea beriZe (12419), meore-

ze _ mamedovi (12185), mesameze _ kapanaZe (8566), meoTxeze _alievi

(7936)... meTvrameteze _ bairamovi (4265).

xSirad moismenT, _ gavyidoT miwa ucxoelebze, Tan xom ar waiRebe-

no. me-19 saukuneSi vaCnaZeebis ojaxma lagodexSi sami azerbaijanu-

li ojaxi Camoasaxla saqonlis mosamwyemsad. dRes es sami ojaxi 16

000 mcxovrebad iqca da sofeli kabali yvelaze didia saqarTvelo-

Si. yvelaze didi qarTuli sofeli martyofi ki mesame adgilzea.

- 15 -

- 16 -

erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, 2012 wlis ivnisidan 2013 wlis ivnisamde,

ucxoelebis mier Seiqmna 395 iuridiuli piri, romlebmac saqarTvelo-

Si iyides 217 nakveTi.

msoflios mosaxleobis zrdis maRali tempis fonze saqarTveloSi

sawinaaRmdego viTarebaa _qveynis mosaxleobis raodenoba mcirdeba,

uaresdeba demografiuli maCveneblebi da amdenad, mwvavdeba demog-

rafiuli problemebic. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi aseTi mZi-

me demografiuli viTareba arasodes yofila.

1897 wels ruseTis imperiaSi Catarda mosaxleobis aRwera. am aR-

weris mixedviT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobam 2 milion 109 aTasi kaci

Seadgina da 1814 welTan SedarebiT 5,3-jer gaizarda.

bolo xans saqarTvelos mosaxleoba yvelaze mravalricxovani iyo

1992 wels _ 5 milion 467 aTasi kaci. am periodidan moyolebuli, cno-

bili mizezebis gamo, saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ganuxrelad mcirdebo-

da da, oficialuri monacemebiT, odnav gaizarda mxolod bolo wleb-

Si. arada, istoriulad, samxreT da, saerTod, kavkasiaSi qarTvelebi

raodenobrivad yvelaze mravalricxovani eri iyo, SemdegSi ki viTare-

ba arsebiTad Seicvala.

1926 wels kavkasiis mTeli mosaxleobis 35,1 procenti, anu yoveli

mesame adamiani saqarTveloSi cxovrobda. aRniSnulma maCvenebelma

1970 wels _ 28,1 procenti, xolo 2010 wels mxolod 18,9 procenti Se-

adgina. samagierod, 1926-2010 wlebSi azerbaijanis analogiuri maCve-

nebeli 30,4 procentidan 38,0 procentamde gaizarda.

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis wili sul ufro mcirdeba, agreTve, sam-

xreT kavkasiis mosaxleobaSi. magaliTad, 1926 wels saqarTvelos mo-

saxleoba samxreT kavkasiis mTeli mosaxleobis 45,5 procents Seadgen-

da, azerbaijanisa _ 39,5 procents, xolo somxeTisa _ 15,0 procents.

aRsaniSnavia, rom 1965 wlamde saqarTvelos mosaxleobis raodenoba

sWarbobda azerbaijanis mosaxleobas. gaerTianebuli erebis organi-

zaciis mosaxleobis fondis mier gamoqveynebuli cnobis mixedviT,

2050 wlisTvis azerbaijanis mosaxleoba 34 procentiT gaizrdeba,

somxeTis _ 7 procentiT, saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ki 28 procen-

tiT Semcirdeba.

saqarTveloSi qarTveli eris permanentuli Semcirebis Sedegad

TandaTanobiT safrTxe eqmneba erovnul interesebs da erovnuli eko-

nomikis ganviTarebas, Zneldeba maTi realizacia, saxelmwifo enas ua-

Rresad uWirs Tavisi funqciis Sesruleba, adrindel mimzidvelobas

kargavs erisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebi, tradiciebi da wes-

Cveulebebi. aseT viTarebaSi erovnuli cnobierebis Semcireba garda-

uvalia, rac gansakuTrebiT saSiSia Cveni qveynisTvis, radgan igi mra-

valganzomilebian regionSi mdebareobs.

ioseb baCiaSvilis wignSi xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli, rom amJamad sa-

qarTveloSi bevri sofeli gaukacrielebulia. 2002 wlis aRweris mi-

xedviT, 162 sofelSi mosaxleoba aRar cxovrobs; 10 kaci da ufro

naklebi cxovrobs 152 sofelSi; xolo 905 sofelSi, anu yovel me-

oTxeSi mxolod 100-mde mcxovrebia. es imas niSnavs, rom mTis Zne-

lad¬misadgom soflebSi ugzoobis, uSuqobisa da yovelgvari inf-

rastruqturis gareSe, ZiriTadad, moxucebiRaa darCenili. gansa-

kuTrebiT sagangaSoa is, rom mosaxleobisgan icleba saqarTvelos

istoriuli kuTxeebi _ raWa-leCxumi, TuSeTi, fSavi, xevsureTi...

magaliTad, 1939 wels raWaSi 67 aTasi kaci cxovrobda, amJamad iq

mxolod 22 aTasi kaci cxovrobs, ZiriTadad, asalovani adamianebi.

gamodis, mteri da agresori sulac ar aris saWiro, Cven rame rom

gvavnos. TviTonve gavqrebiT dedamiwis zedapiridan da amisaTvis

didi droc ar dagvWirdeba. Tu yvelafer imas, rac zemoT iyo naTq-

vami, Cveni qveynis sagareo problemebsac davumatebT da imasac ga-

vaanalizebT, ra rTul geopolitikur viTarebaSi gviwevs arseboba,

Znelia, optimizmiT ganimsWvalo da cxovrebas mxned Sexedo.

qarTveli filosofosi konstantine kapaneli ase axasiaTebda qar-

Tvel sazogadeobas 1925 wels: `qarTveli sazogado moRvawe flidi,

cuRluti da mankieria; qarTveli xelovani cru, kudabzika da tra-

baxaa; qarTuli sazogado dawesebuleba intrigebisa da Worebis sa-

zizRari budea; qarTveli dilidan saRamomde sul imaze fiqrobs,

Tu rogor daamciros meore qarTveli: waxdeba Tu ara amiT saerTo

saqme, es qarTvels ar awuxebs. qarTveli muxanaTi da veragia Tavisi-

anebSi; ucxo tomSi gareuli igi keTilSobili da morCili mosamsa-

xurea. qarTveli saqmis saTaveSi sazizRaria: daikavebs Tu ara sapa-

tio adgils, maSinve Tavxedurad gaibRinZeba... Teatri, banki, rki-

nigza, saswavlebeli, redaqcia – yoveli sazogado da saxelmwifo

dawesebuleba WorebiTaa savse da intrigebSi ixrCoba. Sedegi am Wo-

rebisa da intrigebisa is aris, rom Tavmoyvare, patiosani da niWie-

ri muSaki dawesebulebidan gadis, radgan ver iTmens uzneobasa da

usindisobas; dawesebulebaSi rCeba uniWo, usindiso, flidi, moRa-

- 17 -

- 18 -

late, romelsac mxolod Tavisi piradoba ainteresebs da romlis

idealia, yvelaferi daSalos, oRond ki Tavis Tavs asiamovnos...~

Seicvala rame?

konstantine gamsaxurdia werda: `CvenSi yovel nabiWvars aznau-

roba swyuria, yovel nacarqeqias – sardloba, Cveni ubedureba egaa:

sxvis fandurze buqnaoba gviyvars, amitomac musrs avlebda saqar-

Tvelos sxvis qveynebSi atexili Wiri~.

qarTvelebi viyaviT da varT Semwynareblebi, ucxoelebs ufro wina

planze vayenebdiT da vayenebT da pativs vcemdiT da vcemT, vidre sa-

kuTar moyvass. tolerantobam iqamde migviyvana, rom Cvens qveyanaSi

50-ze meti eri cxovrobs. yvela moiTxovs qarTvelebze met yuradRe-

bas da, rac xdeba, mgoni, ar aris saWiro, ganvmarto, radgan kargad vi-

ciT.

an rogor mogwonT satelevizio Souebi _ gadacemebi, sadac adami-

anebs, ise waaCxubeben, rogorc mamlebsa da ZaRlebs... Cvenc telvizo-

ris ekranze vuyurebT, rogor lanZRavs da aginebs erTi qarTveli me-

ores. rodemde viCxuboT da vlanZRoT erTmaneTi, rodemde vcva-

loT mTavroba da parlamenti, xom ar dadga dro, SevwyvitoT quCis

aqciebi da mitingebi, yvela SevrigdeT, gamovacxadoT amnistia?

jansaRi, normaluri kritikiT vicxovroT. rodesme gveRirseba ise-

Ti mTavroba da parlamenti, romlebic mogvewoneba, xalxze ifiq-

rebs da ar `dagvabolebs~? gonebadabindulobis, Savisa da TeTris

ver garCevis seni xom ar dagvemarTa, qveynisa da erisadmi samsaxuris

aucilebloba Ralatisa da fulis Sovnis survilma xom ar dagvZlia?!

mkiTxvelo, Tu ver CagafiqreT da ver gagakeTebineT iseTi daskvne-

bi, rom xvalidan sxvanairad SexedoT Cvens dRevandel cxovrebas, er-

Txel kidev dabejiTebiT gTxovT, waikiTxoT ioseb baCiaSvilis zemo-

aRniSnuli wigni da darwmunebuli var, amis Semdeg sxvanairad Sexe-

davT saqarTvelos dRevandel mdgomareobas.

aannzzoorr mmeessxxiiSSvviillii

gazeTi `saqarTvelo da msoflio~, N05, 2015 w.

`vinc deduleTSi dabrunebas aRar eloda,

gagiyolia, viT sicocxlis Zala - maradi,

Sen muWa-muWa gagitanes saqarTvelodan,

albaT amitom dapataravdi!~

aavvTTaannddiill gguurrggeenniiZZee

rodemde unda jijgnon qarTuli miwa?!

1992-1998 wlebSi Catarebuli naCqarevi da gauazrebeli sa-

soflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis reformis Sedegad sa-

qarTvelos saxnavi miwebi daqucmacda, mravalwliani narga-

vebi ki ganadgurda. miwis farTobebis fizikur pirebze ufa-

sod da patar-patara nakveTebad ganawilebam gamoiwvia miwis

danawevreba-fragmentacia da misi uefeqtod gamoyeneba.

daiwyo 0.15 ha-dan 1.25 ha-mde (maRal mTian regionebSi 5

ha-mde) sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis darigeba.

saxnavi masivebi daiyo wvril konturebad da ganawilda, ro-

gorc soflis, aseve dabisa da qalaqis mosaxleobaze. sxva-

dasxva mimRebze miwa erT nakveTad ar iyo gamoyofili. piri-

qiT, gamoyofis arCeuli variantiT, TiToeul ojaxs dau-

rigda daaxloebiT 3-7 nakveTi, romlebic sxvadasxva teri-

toriazea ganlagebuli _ daSoreba mesakuTris sxvadasxva

nakveTsa da mis saxls Soris SeiZleba 5 km-ze metic iyos. zo-

gierT raionSi, gansakuTrebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad dasaxlebebis Semogaren-

Si xelmisawvdomi miwa sakmarisi ar iyo. amgvarad, bevrma

komlma, faqtobrivad, miTiTebul 1.25 heqtarze naklebi mi-

iRo. zogan miwis darigeba garTulebuli iyo imis gamo, rom

mTavrobas ar SeeZlo miwis ganawilebis procesis kontro-

li da Sesabamisi wesebisa da regulaciebis aRsruleba. am

procesis Sedegad 1.300.000 komli (ojaxi), daaxloebiT 3.5

- 19 -

- 20 -

milioni moqalaqe, miwis mcire nakveTebis mesakuTre gaxda

_ komlze saSualod 0,25 ha. magaliTad, dedofliswyaroSi

(marcvleulis beReli) 1992 wlamde arsebuli saxnavi 46 000

ha miwa warmodgenili iyo 560 nakveTad. miwis reformis gan-

xorcielebis Sedegad aRniSnuli miwa danawevrda 26 000 nak-

veTad.

saqarTveloSi privatizebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwis

fragmentacia _ didi raodenobiT mcire zomis, daxloebiT

1.25 ha, nakveTebis mesakuTreoba, ekonomikurad sicocxli-

sunariani fermeruli meurneobisTvis ZiriTadi dabrkole-

baa. es fermerebi gamoiyeneben urisko strategiebs da maTi

ganviTarebis potenciali limitirebulia. isini miwas aRiq-

vamen ise, rogorc socialur usafrTxoebas da ara rogorc

ekonomikur aqtivs. faqtobrivad, am fermerTa umravleso-

ba fermerul meurneobaSi grZelvadian perspeqtivas, faq-

tobrivad, ver xedavs da dResdReobiT limitirebuli inte-

resi aqvT miwis konsolidaciis Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi erT

sul mosaxleze modis 0.14 ha saxnavi miwa, 0.64 sasoflo-sa-

meurneo daniSnulebis miwa, es ki yofil sabWoTa respupli-

kebs Soris yvelaze dabali maCvenebelia. somxeTs Cvenze

ukeTesi mdgomareoba aqvs.

aseTma mdgomareobam xeli SeuSala soflis meurneobis

ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi, ukan daswia qveyana da Rarib,

arsebobaze orientirebul sasoflo-sameurneo sazogadoe-

bad aqcia. miwebis aseTi danawevrebis Sedegad SeuZlebelia

meqnizaciis, herbicidebis, sasuqebis, Sxam-qimikatebisa da

sxva samuSaoebis racionalurad gamoyeneba. aseT pirobebSi

uaRresad dabalia Sromis nayofiereba.

1996 wlis dasawyisSi momzadda saqarTvelos kanonis pro-

eqti «sasaoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis sakuTrebis

Sesaxeb,» romelic iTvaliswinebda sasaoflo-sameurneo da-

niSnulebis miwis sakuTrebaSi gadacemis uflebas saqarTve-

los moqalaqeobis aramqone pirze e. i. ucxo qveynis moqala-

qes SeeZleboda, yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, ganusazRv-

reli raodenobis sasaoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis

farTobis SeZena. saqarTvelos inteligenciis warmomadge-

nelTa protestisa da kategoriuli moTxovnis Sedegad, Se-

icvala kanonis proeqti da 1996 wlis 22 marts miRebuli iq-

na saqarTvelos kanoni: «sasaoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis

miwis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb». miRebuli kanonis me-5 muxlis, me-

2 punqtSi Caiwera: «sasaoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa

sakuTrebaSi gadaecema mxolod saqarTvelos moqalaqes. sa-

qarTvelos moqalaqeobis aramqone pirs da ucxo qveynis mo-

qalaqes sasaoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa miecema

mxolod ijariT». kanonis miRebis dros kanoni Sedgeboda 22

muxlisgan, magram misi miRebidan dRemde Setanili 14 cvli-

lebis Sedegad, amoRebuli iqna 11 muxli. faqtobrivad, ka-

nonma dakarga mniSvneloba da ver pasuxobs dRevandel

moTxovnebs. cvlilebebis Sedegad, 2007 wels, kanonis me-19

muxlis pirveli punqtidan amoRebuli «a» qvepunqti, ro-

melSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom akrZalulia miwis nakveTis gasx-

viseba, Tu sivrcobrivad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli miwis

nakveTi gasxvisebis Sedegad pataravdeba xuT heqtarze nak-

lebad. Sedegad, isedac danawevrebuli miwebi kidev ufro

metad danawevrda. amave kanonis me-20 muxlis pirveli punq-

ti amoRebuli iqna, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: «im mesakuT-

ris mimarT, romelic zedized ori wlis ganmavlobaSi ar

amuSavebs miwas, ar ixdis miwaTsargeblobisTvis dadgenil

gadasaxads, ar uZRveba meurneobas da aseT SemTxvevaSi ija-

riTac ar gacems sxva pirze, gamoyenebuli iqneba sagadasaxa-

do kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqciebi. aseve, ka-

nonidan amoiRes memkvidreobis, soflis meurneobis cnebis,

saerTo sakuTrebis wilis, sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnule-

bis miwis Rirebulebis, garigebis namdvilobisTvis aucile-

beli nebarTvis gacemis, saadgilmamulo wignSi (sajaro re-

estrSi) gasxvisebisa da nebarTvis registraciis valdebu-

- 21 -

- 22 -

lebis da upiratesi Sesyidvis uflebebis muxlebi. SeiZleba

iTqvas, parlamentis romel wevrs rac moundeboda, kanonic

ise icvleboda. rac mTavaria, yovelgvari ganxilvis gareSe,

kanonSi Setanili iqna cvlileba da daSvebili iqna ucxo

qveynis moqalaqeze sasaoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis mi-

wis sakuTrebaSi gadaecema. Semdeg isev aikrZala. es muxli

kanonidan amoRebuli iqna (gaqra), Semdeg isev aRdga. kanonSi

aRiniSna: «ucxoeli da sazRvargareT registrirebuli

iuridiuli pirebi valdebulni arian, TavianT sakuTrebaSi

arsebuli sasaoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTe-

bi maTze sakuTrebis uflebis warmoSobidan eqvsi Tvis vada-

Si gaasxvison saqarTvelos moqalaqeze, komlze an(da) saqar-

Tvelos kanononmdeblobis Sesabamisad saqarTveloSi re-

gistrirebul iuridiul pirze». gaTvaliswinebuli valde-

bulebebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi kanonma gaiTvalis-

wina, ucxoelsa da sazRvargareT registrirebul iuridiul

pirs sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTa da saTanado kompensa-

ciiT saxelmwifos sasargeblod CamoerTmevaT maT sakuTre-

baSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nak-

veTebi. sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTebis

CamorTmevisas gamoiyeneba: «aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi

saWiroebisTvis sakuTrebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb» sa-

qarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili normebi. verafers ityvi, Za-

lian kargi da swori gadawyvetilebaa, magram ra xdeba amis

Semdeg: saocreba! saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT-

los Tavmjdomarem, amasTanave, momxsenebelma mosamarTlem

giorgi papuaSvilma, daakmayofila daniis moqalaqe heike

qronqvistis sarCeli saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg

da 2013 wlis 26 ivniss gaatara «saqarTvelos sakonstitu-

cio sasamrTlos plenumis gadawyvetileba N3/1/5/512»,

romliTac gauqmda uamisodac uaRresad arasrulyofil,

saxeldobr, saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis interesTa ugu-

lebelmyofeli «sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis

sakuTrebis Sesaxeb» saqarTvelos kanonSi gaTvaliswine-

buli yvela SezRudva ucxoelTa (moqalaqeobis armqone pi-

ri) mier sasoflo-sameurneo miwis Sesyidvasa da sakuTre-

baSi qonaze. es qmedeba samSoblos Ralatis tolfasia.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos am gadawyeti-

lebam aRaSfoTa saqarTvelos sazogadoebis nawili da sa-

qarTvelos parlamentma gamoacxada moratoriumi, Sedegad

2014 wlis bolomde SeaCera sasoflo-sameurneo miwis gasx-

viseba ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebze da im iuridiul pirebze,

romlebic saqarTveloSi arian dafuZnebulni. amis Semdeg

avstriis moqalaqes Seaqvs saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sa-

samarTloSi sarCeli moTxovniT saqarTvelos parlamentis

moratoriumis baTilad gamocxadebis Taobaze. Cvenma saama-

yo saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom daakmayofi-

la avstriis moqalaqis sarCeli da dRes ukve SesaZlebelia,

ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebma da sazRvargareT registrire-

bulma iuridiulma pirebma, yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe,

ganusazRvreli raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnu-

lebis miwis nakveTebi SeiZinon. sainteresoa, vin arian es da-

niisa avstriis moqalaqeebi, ra interesi aqvT da vin dgas

maT ukan. maSin, rodesac avstriaSi ucxoelTa mier miwis Se-

Zena regulirdeba calkeuli miwebis kanonebiT.

daniasa da avstriaSi miwebis kanonmdeblobiT ucxoelis

mier sasoflo-sameurneo miwis (1 heqtarze metis) ara Tu Se-

Zena, aramed ijariT aRebac ki saWiroebs specialur nebarT-

vas.

vfiqrobT, Cveni Jurnalistebi dainteresdebian, vin ari-

an es ucxoelebi, romlebic ase «zrunaven» saqarTvelos sa-

soflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebze, vin dgas maT ukan

da vis interesSi Sedis saqarTvelos Ralati.

2012 wlis ivnisidan 2013 wlis ivnisamde ucxoelebis mier

Seiqmna 395 iuridiuli piri, romlebmac iyides 271 nakveTi.

dRevandeli mdgomareobiT (dauzustebeli monacemebiT),

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- 24 -

ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebze gayidulia aTasobiT ha sasof-

lo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis farTobi. saubedurod,

amiT ar damTavrebula qarTuli miwis Ralati.

mas Semdeg, rac yovelgvari dasabuTebis gareSe, Cveni az-

riT, qarTuli miwis Ralatis fasad, 2004 wels likvidire-

bul iqna saqarTvelos miwis marTvis saxelmwifo departa-

menti. dRes veravin getyviT, ramdeni heqtari sasoflo-sa-

meurneo savarguli gaaCnia qveyanas, maT Soris ramdenia

kerZo sakuTrebaSi, municipalur Tu saxelmwifo sakuTre-

baSi. rac mTavaria, ar viciT miwis farTobebi daniSnulebi-

sa da kategoriebis mixedviT.

miwis yovelwliuri balansis saSualebiT saxelmwifo

akontrolebda miwis fondSi momxdar nebismier cvlilebas,

maT Soris, intensiuri da araintensiuri savargulebis ma-

teba-klebis dinamikas, qalaqmSeneblobis, gzebisa da sxva

saWiroebisTvis sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis

brunvidan amoRebas, samagiero miwis Canacvlebas da a.S.

dRes saqarTvelos arc erTi kanonmdebloba ar icavs sa-

soflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTebs daqucma-

cebisgan da gaubedurebisgan. saqarTvelos kanonSi «sasa-

oflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb»

sanam cvlilebebs Seitandnen, aRniSnuli iyo, rom xuT heq-

tarze naklebi farTobis gasxviseba akrZaluli iyo. cvli-

lebebis Sedegad es amoRebuli iqna. saqarTvelos samoqala-

qo kodeqsi, nacvlad imisa, rom miwebs icavdes daqucmace-

bisgan, xels uwyobs daqucmacebas (memkvidreobis samarTa-

li).

2013 wlis 26 ivniss saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo ka-

noni, romliTac saqarTvelos mTavrobas daevala 2013 wlis

31 dekembramde:

1. sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis sakuTrebis

Sesaxeb erTini saxelmwifo politikis SemuSaveba miwis re-

sursebis racionalurad gamoyenebisa da dacvis mizniT;

2. sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis fondis gamo-

yenebisa da dacvis saxelmwifo regulirebis gansazRvra;

3. sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwasTan dakavSire-

buli urTierTobebis sajaro samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba;

4. saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze sasoflo-sameurneo

daniSnulebis miwis kadastrisa da miwaTmowyobis erTiani

sistemis organizeba sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis mi-

wis nakveTebis sakadasatro monacemebis srulyofis mizniT.

dagvianebuli, magram saukeTeso gadawyvetilebaa, ube-

dureba ki is aris, rom am gadawyvetilebis arc erTi punqti

ar aris Sesrulebuli.

dRes qarTul miwas Sinauri Tu ucxoeli ise jijgnis, rom

aravin aravis arafers ekiTxeba. ar ekiTxebian Cvens marCe-

nal miwaze damkvidrebul glexs, ar ekiTxebian qarTvel sa-

zogadeobas da, rac saocaria, ar iTvaliswineben uwmindesi-

sa da unetaresis, saqarTvelos patriarqis azrs.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saWiroa, qveyanaSi Se-

iqmnas mZlavri struqturuli erTeuli, romelsac miwis ra-

cionalur gamoyenebasa da dacvasTan dakavSirebuli yvela

funqcia daekisreba. unda aRdges miwis marTvis saxelmwifo

departamenti da miwaTmowyobis saproeqto instituti, da-

uyovnebliv miRebul iqnas miwis kodeqsi (arsebobs tyis,

wylis, wiaRis da sxva uamravi kodeqsi da ar arsebobs miwis

kodeqsi), aRdgenil iqnas universtitetSi miwaTsargeblo-

bisa da miwaTmowyobis fakulteti.


gazeTi `saqarTvelo da msoflio~, N25, 2014 w.

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- 26 -

saqarTvelos mTavrobas

gaaxlebT ramdenime mosazrebas, romelic Seexeba saqrTve-

loSi miwis aRricxvis problemis mogvarebas.

2005 wlamde Cvens qveyanaSi yovelwliurad xdeboda miwebis

aRricxva miwis daniSnulebisa da kategoriebis, raionebis,

mxareebis, miwis mesakuTreTa da mosargebleTa mixedviT. am

mizniT, yoveli wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT, raionis gamgeo-

ba amtkicebda miwis balanss, romelsac Semdeg ixilavda saqar-

Tvelos miwis marTvis saxelmwifo departamenti da dasa-

mtkiceblad warudgenda saqarTvelos ministrTa kabinets.

mas Semdeg, rac 2004 wels usafuZlod likvidirebul iqna

saqarTvelos miwis marTvis saxelmwifo departamenti, miwis

aRricxva da miwis balansis Sedgena qveyanaSi dRemde ar xor-

cieldeba. es ki imas niSnavs, rom dRes veravin getyviT, ramde-

ni heqtari sasaoflo-sameurneo savarguli gaaCnia qveyanas,

maT Soris ramdenia kerZo sakuTrebaSi, municipalur Tu sa-

xelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. rac mTavaria, ar viciT miwis farTo-

bebi daniSnulebisa da kategoriebis mixedviT. ar viciT ram-

deni heqtari venaxi, xilis baRi, cotrusebi, Cais farTobebi

gvaqvs.

sayuradReboa, rom miwis balansi moicavda monacemebs da-

savleT saqarTveloSi miwebis meoradi daWaobebis, xolo aR-

mosavleT saqarTvelos rig raionebSi – pirobiTi gaudabnoe-

bis, erozirebuli, damlaSebuli da sxva arasasurveli proce-

sebis Sesaxeb. ukanasknel periodSi es procesebi, bunebrivia,

ufro farTo xasiaTs miiRebda, magram Tu ra mdgomareobaa

dRes am mimarTulebiT, dabejiTebiT veravin ityvis, saTanado

monacemebis ararsebobis gamo.

miwis balansi ganixileboda dainteresebuli saministroe-

bis da uwyebebis mier da mtkicdeboda saqarTvelos mTavrobis

dadgenilebiT, romelSic mocemuli iyo miwebis ufro racio-

nalurad marTvis rekomendaciebi.

saqarTvelos miwis marTvis saxelmwifo departamentis

likvidaciasTan erTad gauqmda mis daqvemdebarebaSi arsebu-

li samiwaTmowyobo instituti da laboratoria, gaCerda nia-

dagebis kvlevis da sxva mimdinare samuSaoebi. saxelmwifo

agrarul universitetSi (am dargis erTaderT umaRles saswav-

lebelSi) Sewyda miwaTmomwyobTa kadrebis gamoSveba.

zogierTi xelmZRvaneli miwis balans ver ansxvavebs miwis

kadastrisgan da acxadebs, ra saWiroa miwis aRricxva, roca

gvaqvs da vakeTebTo miwis kadastrs. miwis kadatri aris miwis

farTobis dadgena geografiuli, iuridiuli da fizikuri

mdgomareobiT. miwis kadastri aris sainformacio sistema,

romelic ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: rukebis an gegmebis rigis-

gan, romlebic teqstur CanawerebTan erTad, miwis yvela

monacemis aRweriT gviCvenebs TiToeuli nakveTis zomasa da

adgilmdebareobas.

miwis balansi anu miwis aRricxva aris miwis farTobebis

dadgena miwis daniSnulebis, kategoriebisa da mesakuTreebis

mixedviT. magaliTad miwis balansi raionSi azustebs da aR-

ricxavs raionis mTlian farTobs, maT Soris ramdeni heqtaria

sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebi kategoriebis mixed-

viT( saxnavi, saTibi, saZovari, mravlwliani nargavebi: venaxi,

xilis baRi, citrusebi, Cais farTobebi da sxva), arasasoflo

sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebs, tyis fondis miwebs, wylis

fondis miwebs da sxva miwebs mesakuTreebis mixedviT. ris Sem-

degac dgeba raionis miwis balansi. miwis balansi cvalebadia

misi dazusteba unda xdebodes yovelwliurad, radgan SesaZ-

lebelia sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebi gadavides

arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebad. saTib-saxnavSi,

saZovar-saTibSi, mravalwliani nargavebi saxnavSi da piriqiT.

saxelmwifo sakuTrebis miwebi unda gaxdes kerZo an muncipa-

lur sakuTrebad.

saqarTvelos TiToeuli raionis mixedviT gakeTebuli mi-

wis aRricxva-miwis balansis (invetarizacia) safuZvelze unda

Sedges saqarTvelos miwis balansi.

miwis yovelwliuri balansis saSualebiT saxelmwifo akon-

trolebda miwis fondSi momxdar nebismier cvlilebas, maT

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- 28 -

Soris intensiuri da araintensiuri savargulebis mateba-

klebis dinamikas, qalaqmSeneblobis, gzebis da sxva saWiroe-

bisaTvis sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis brunvidan

amoRebas, samagiero miwis Canacvlebas da a.S., rac miwis marT-

visa da racionaluri gamoyenebis safuZvelTa safuZvels war-

moadgens.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulze imitom gavakeTeT aqcenti, rom–

miwis raodenobriv-xarisxobrivi aRricxvis mowesrigeba mTav-

robis upirvelesi amocana unda gaxdes.

grZelvadian periodze gaTvlili ekonomikuri efeqtis mi-

Reba SeuZlebeli iqneba miwis raodenobriv-xarisxobrivi aR-

ricxvis, miwaze monitoringis da miwis saTanado dacvis gare-

Se. am mizniT migvaCnia, rom qveyanaSi droulad Seiqmnas mZlav-

ri struqturuli erTeuli, romelsac miwis racionalur ga-

moyenebasTan da dacvasTan dakavSirebuli yvela funqcia dae-

kisreba.

aseve gadaudebel aucileblobas warmoadgens gakeTdes

miwis balansi da Catardes sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis

miwebis konsolidacia.

Cven mzad varT miviRoT monawileoba aRniSnuli sakiTxis

momzadebaSi da warvudginoT dasabuTebuli da argumentire-

buli winadadebebi dainteresebul saxelmwifo struqturebs.

ppaaaattaa kkooRRuuaaSSvviillii

saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademi-

is wevri, ekonomiur mcnierebaTa doqtori, profesori


- 29 -

b ol o T q m a

ppaattiivvcceemmuulloo mmkkiiTTxxvveelloo!!

qarTuli miwis, anu qveynis gadarCenis problemebis Tao-

baze, Cvens mier periodul presaSi gaoqveynebuli sami we-

rilis erT krebulSi Tavmoyra, ganapiroba misma udidesma

erovnulma aqualobam, kerZod iman, rom qarTuli miwa, ase

xelaRebiT ucxoelebze ar unda iyidebodes.

Zvelad: or zRvas Soris saomari iyo lelo, is gadarCa

da saxelad ewodeba saqarTvelo.

dRes: or saxelmwifos Soris saomaria lelo, RmerTo

gadaarCine saqarTvelo.

Cveni aseTi kategoriuli moTxovna xmamaRal naTqvamad

rom ar CagveTvalos, Tavs uflebas vaZlev, rogorc yovel-

Tvis, axlac, yovelTa qarTvelTa sulieri mama, eris saxeli

da dideba _ iilliiaa WWaavvWWaavvaaZZee moviSvelioT:

`romeli vneba Seedreba im vnebas, romelic Tavs atydeba sam-

Soblos mamulebis sxvis xelSi CagdebiT da Tavisianebis gamo-

wirviT!

kaci SeiZleba Sescdes samamuliSvilo kiTxvebis garCevaSi,

garna es Secdoma, viTarca Secdoma, gaswordeba, TviT Semcdari

isev mobrundeba da, SeiZleba, yvelas gadaaWarbos mamuliSvi-

lobiT...

sul sxvaa deda-miwis gayidva. nebsiT gayidos mamuli, gind

uneblieT, orive SemTxvevaSi gamyidveli dids danaSauls

idebs kiserze winaSe Tavis memkvidreebisa da winaSe mTelis

samSoblosi. misi saqcieli veRar gaswordeba verc sinanuliT

da verc dro-Jamis msvlelobiT. Zvirfasi Tvali erTma briyvma

wyalSi isrolao da aTasma Wkvianma veRar amoiRo. asea mamulis

gayidvis saqmec.

misi myidveli Sig saxldeba mkvidrad, Robe-yores uaxlebs,

arxebsa da ruebs uwmendavs, venaxebsa, zvrebs da tyes asufTa-

vebs da yvelgan asaxlebs Tavisianebs. mosuli xdeba batonad da

uflad bindarTa saxlebisa, keriisa, saydrebisa da saflavebi-

sac ki. masSi aRebuli fuli-ki iflangeba da qarqTvetasaviT ni-

avdeba da wyaldeba.

erTi iZens saukuno samkvidrebels, meore hkargavs im masaz-

rdoebel wyaros,romelsac Cven, qarTvelni, samarTlianad vu-

wodebT deda-miwas. erTi iZens uSret wyaros cxovrebisas, meo-

re iTvlis brWyviala liTons, romelic imdenad aras hmatebs

kacs, ramdenadac Tviss monad hxdis manamde Tavisufal arse-

bas.

amitomac dedul-mamulis sxva tom-modgmis xelSi Camgde-

bels yvela qveyanaSi zizRiT uRureben, mas aRar sTvlian Tavis

sisxl-xorcad, mas acxadeben mamulis moRalated da yvelas

avaleben masTan Sewyviton yovelive kavSiri da damokidebule-

ba.

CvenSi-Ra?... CvenSi jer es esre ar aris. CvenSi TviT mamulis

gamyidavni did patriotebad iTvlebian da am ”patriotebs” is

gabedulebac aqvT, rom sxvani gamoacxadon mamulis moRala-

ted...... es sacineli iqneboda, rom samwuxaro ar iyos. samwuxa-

ro-ki imitom aris, rom dRevandlamdis Cven ver gagvirCevia,

raa WeSmariti mamuliSviloba da raa namdvili moRalateoba

winaSe mamulisa da keriisa, am yovel gagebulTa wmidaTa uw-

midesisa.

rogorc ar gaiyideba deda, ise ar gaiyideba dedamiwa. ......is-

toriam ar icis amgvarebis patieba..... Cveni istoria da eris

msjavri SeaCvenebs imaT, romelTac muSaoba, ofliTa TavisiT

puris Wama met bargad miaCniaT da gasayidad imeteben maT ma-

wovnebel-marCenal deda-miwas, SeZenils qarTvelis mklaviT,

qarTvelis ofliTa da sisxliT. Sroma, Sroma da kvlav Sroma

gveweros miswrafebad, Zmano qarTvelno, Tu ar gvinda aRvigav-

neT pirisagan qveyanisa, Tu ar gvinda SeviqneT cxovarTa farad,

romelsac kverTxiT xelSi mwysian xolme da kombliT miereke-

bian sayasbosaken dasaklavad da zafxulis da zamTris ialaRe-

bisakenac sasuqeblad da sakreWad”.


- 30 -

- 31 -

s a r C e v i

saqarTvelos miwa gansacdelSia! --------------- 4

qarTvelebo gamovfxizldeT! ----------------- 13

rodemde unda jijgnon qarTuli miwa?! ------ 19

werili saqarTvelos mTavrobas ----------------- 26

boloTqma ----------------------------------------- 29

- 32 -

redaqtori:

aannzzoorr bbaabbuuxxaaddiiaa,

saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli ekonomisti,

iakob gogebaSvilis medlisa da

niko nikolaZis premiis laureati,

gazeT `Tanadomis~ redaqtor-gamomcemeli

teqnikuri redaqtori:

kkaaxxaa mmaaxxaarraaSSvviillii

aaiiwwyyoo--ddaakkaabbaaddoonnddaa ddaa ddaaiibbeeWWddaa:

Sps `gamomcemloba samSoblo~-Si

mis.: Tbilisi, diRmis masivi, robaqiZis 7

tel.: 599 95 31 90

ISBN 978-9941-0-7588-9

anzor mesxisvili -...

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