anu crawford quarterly school newsletter · crawford school quarterly newsletter issue 1 autumn...

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Contact Details, please see page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

A new home for the Crawford School . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Crawford Policy Forum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Big research win for Crawford’s new Director . . . . . .5Australian Centre for Biosecurity and

Environmental Economics (AC BEE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Environmental Economics Research Hub (EERH) . . . . 6Yes we can - including the environment in

public policymaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Contributions to the Bradley Review

of Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Social Policy Action Research Centre (SPARC) . . . . . . 8Climate change affects us all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Centre for Water Economics, Environment

and Policy (CWEEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10UNESCO Chair appointment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Chinese regional development:

How much patience? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

China Economy Program – China Update . . . . . . . . .13Finding voices for youth in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . .13Falling Tongan economy suffers

from low remittances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Pacific Economic Bulletin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Local political parties in Indonesia –

the Aceh test case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Australian Indonesian Governance Research

Partnership (AIGRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15How relevant are political parties today? . . . . . . . . .16Parliamentary Studies Centre (PSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Thinking about the Asia Pacific Community . . . . . . .17Crawford EAF blog outreach team

wins ANU award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17APEL ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Selected published research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1820 Crawford doctoral graduates 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . .20

ANU Crawford School

ISSUE 1AUTUMN 2010

Quarterly Newsletter

w w w . c r a w f o r d . a n u . e d u . a uw w w . c r a w f o r d . a n u . e d u . a u

ANU College of AsiA & the PACifiC

A new home for the Crawford School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Crawford Policy Forum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Big research win for Crawford’s new Director . . . . . . . . 5Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental

Economics (AC BEE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Environmental Economics Research Hub (EERH) . . . . . . .6Yes we can - including the environment in

public policymaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Contributions to the Bradley Review

of Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Social Policy Action Research Centre (SPARC) . . . . . . . . .8Climate change affects us all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Centre for Water Economics, Environment

and Policy (CWEEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10UNESCO Chair appointment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Chinese regional development:

How much patience? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12China Economy Program – China Update . . . . . . . . . . . 13Finding voices for youth in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Falling Tongan economy suffers from

low remittances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Pacific Economic Bulletin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Local political parties in Indonesia –

the Aceh test case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Australian Indonesian Governance Research

Partnership (AIGRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15How relevant are political parties today? . . . . . . . . . . . 16Parliamentary Studies Centre (PSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Thinking about the Asia Pacific Community . . . . . . . . . 17Crawford EAF blog outreach team

wins ANU award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17APEL ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Selected published research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1820 Crawford doctoral students graduate in 2009 . . . . 20

Contact Details, please see page . . . . . . . . . . . . 3


ANU College of AsiA & the PACifiC2


Crawford school Quarterly Newsletter issue 1 Autumn 2010 3

A new Home for the

Crawford School

in December 2009 Crawford school moved into its new home at lennox Crossing. this development marks a major

step forward for the school and the Australian National University. the Crawford school is an elite policy school that has 800 Master, Doctoral and executive students each year. in recent years Crawford has been hosting 80 conferences and seminars attended by senior political figures and policymakers every year. Being previously scattered around the ANU campus in several buildings, the school has been much in need of new premises to bring it together physically and to maximise its interaction with the Canberra, Australian and international policy communities. Crawford’s new facilities provide a functionally efficient facility that will service the diverse needs of this large and expanding public policy school.Crawford’s new home is a ‘mini-campus .’ It consists of three large connected structures – the new JG Crawford Building, Old Canberra House and the Stanner Building – that surround a spacious courtyard area including an outdoor amphitheatre and a Café dining area .

The focus for the building project was concern for the site’s precious heritage and its environmental value . It is a testament to all involved that the final outcome not only preserves, but celebrates and showcases these heritage and environmental qualities .

Tanner Architects were chosen to undertake the project from a high-level competition, with a design that promised quiet sophistication and a distinctly Australian feel . The final product achieves this and more . The new building is stunning, and complements rather than dominates the landscape . A defining feature of the design is the visual link the architects have made with the angled, ‘V’ shaped trunks of historical trees on the site . The trees are the result of early settlers in the area ‘blading’ them to mark their property boundaries .

Not to be overshadowed by the new structure, the iconic Old Canberra House has been retained as the dominant feature on the site . The House’s important gardens, planting and vistas are well preserved and showcased .

Contact us

CrAwforD sChool of eCoNoMiCs AND goverNMeNt

College of Asia & the Pacific, Building 132, Lennox Crossing, Canberra 0200 ACT

PhoNe: +61 2 6125 4705 fAx: +61 2 6125 5570 eMAil (CrAwforD sChool ProgrAMs): crawford-programs@anu .edu .au





Australian Centre for Biosecurity and Environmental Economics (AC BEE)

AC BEE’s mission is to lead Australia and the region in biosecurity and environmental economics research, with an emphasis on policy applications. AC BEE specialises in an economic approach to protecting the environment and plant, animal and human health from invasive species. AC BEE also provides broad expertise in applied research on environmental economics and natural resource management as a whole. AC BEE maintains a central focus on engaging with and assisting the public policy process.

http://www.acbee.anu.edu.au/tom Kompas is the Director of AC Bee

Calling ANU academics to engage more directly with the policy community on policy, Crawford held its first Policy Forum in the Molonglo Theatre on 16 February . In an exciting morning of ideas and discussion, Tom Kompas led a team of top-ranked academics (Stephen Howes, Frank Jotzo, Bruce Chapman, Janine O’Flynn, Quentin Grafton and Carolyn Hendriks) through challenging issues – (1) the environment and climate policy post Copenhagen; (2) the Australian government as risk manager, including what’s next for the operation of Australian government; and (3) the economics of water reform in the Murray-Darling Basin .

For its initiative Crawford was congratulated by Dr Martin Parkinson, Secretary of the Department of Climate Change who said ‘this sort of discussion is just what Australia needs at this point in time” .

Tom Kompas promises more – if you are not yet registered as part of ‘Crawford Community’ then contact Hayley .primrose@anu .edu .au

Above: 1. Carolyn Hendriks. 2. Bruce Chapman. 3. (left to right) Ian Buchanan, Stephen Howes, Janine O’Flynn, Quentin Grafton, Frank Jotzo, and Tom Kompas. Left: Crawford Policy Forum.

Big research win for

Crawford’s new Director…

the Northern Prawn fishery Bio-economic team received the Csiro researchment Achievement

Medal for the development of a combined biological and economic model to guide the management of Australia’s Northern Prawn fishery in a way that ensures industry profitability and a vigorous fishery resource. the approach has won international acclaim as a global paragon of fishery management.

tom KompasNorthern Prawn fishery Bio-economic team

A bio-economic model developed by the Northern Prawn Fishery Bio-economic Team, in collaboration with industry, is guiding the world-class management of Australia’s Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF) . The model defines harvest levels that achieve maximum economic yield (MEY) while sustaining the fishery resource .

After two years under the MEY target management system, the NPF has gained efficiencies through gear optimisation and greater access to the resource at peak times .

Annual fishery profits are expected to rise from an average of A$8 million to more than A$30 million a year by 2012 – three times greater than the best results of the past decade .

These pioneering achievements have focused attention on Australia as a world leader in fisheries management, supported by CSIRO capabilities in fisheries science .

The approach has been praised by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization as a “paragon of fisheries management” and has the potential to be applied in other fisheries across Australia and worldwide .

Team members include:

Dr Catherine Dichmont•Roy Deng•Dr André Punt•Dr Bill Venables•

Professor Tom Kompas•Dr Sean Pascoe•Dr Nhu Che•

Tom Kompas

Read moreCathy Dichmont, Sean Pascoe, Tom Kompas, Andre Punt and R . Dung, (2010) ‘On Implementing Maximum Economic Yield in Commercial Fisheries, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol 107:16-21

Policy Forum

Tom Kompas and Peter Garrett

Minister Peter Garrett launched AC BEE: 23 November 2009 at the new Crawford School home.

Crawford





Environmental Economics Research Hub (EERH)

An important precedent has been set for incorporating the full range of environmental impacts into public policymaking. economists and public policy analysts

have recognised the power of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) as a tool to inform sound government decision making.However in the past, when it came to policy choices that involved environmental impacts, there have been concerns that not all the relevant costs and benefits could be incorporated . In particular, impacts on environmental assets such as biodiversity were often left out . Three key decisions taken over the past year have demonstrated the viability of an innovative approach to incorporating the full range of environmental impacts into public policymaking .

The Victorian Government embarked on a series of changes to 1 . the management of river red gum forests on public land along the River Murray . The Environment Protection and Heritage Council supported 2 . the development of a national electronic waste product stewardship system . The New South Wales Minister for Planning announced the approval 3 . of the Metropolitan Coal Project .

CBA was used as the base for each of these public policy decisions and specific recognition was given to a full range of environmental impacts through the use of Choice Modelling .

Choice Modelling (CM) involves asking a sample of people who are likely to be affected by a public policy decision to make a sequence of choices about their preferred policy outcomes .

In the Metropolitan Mine case, survey respondents in NSW were asked •to choose between alternative mine management futures described in terms of their environmental impacts .In the electronic waste CM survey, recycling scheme options were •described, in terms of the percentage of resource recovery and the collection method involved, to samples of residents in Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth .Alternative River Red Gum Management options were set out in terms •of their impacts on species protection and recreation facilities for survey respondents across Victoria .

The three cases represent a significant shift in approach to public policymaking where environmental impacts are involved . Increasingly the policy focus of government is on environmental issues . The opportunity now exists for governments to take decisions on environmentally sensitive issues based on a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of all the relevant benefits and costs to society .

Yes we can - including the environment in

public policymaking…

Read more THE RIvER REd Gum CASE:

http://www.veac.vic.gov.au/eefea.htm

THE ELECTROnIC WASTE CASE:

http://www.ephc.gov.au/sites/default/files/PS_Tv_Comp__Willingness_To_Pay_For_EWaste_Recycling_Final_Report_Choice_modelling_study_200907.pdf

THE mETROPOLITAn mInE CASE:

http://majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au/files/35005/Reponses%20to%20PAC%20Submissions.pdf

For further information, see:

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/research_units/eerh/index.php

http://www.environment.gov.au/about/programs/cerf/

this work has been funded through the Commonwealth environment research facilities (Cerf) Program, an Australian government initiative supporting world-class, public goods

research, including through the eerh. the environmental economics research hub brings together leading economic and social scientists to look at new and improved ways of valuing environmental assets and determining the benefits and costs of different actions and is directed from the Crawford school. this work extends across terrestrial and marine biospheres. the overarching focus of the research hub is to develop economic models and tools, especially for policymakers. it employs leading-edge economic principles and practices to address key environmental policy issues such as the design of marine reserves, development of incentives and tools for improving water efficiency, policies for promoting environmental stewardship, multi-species and ecosystem management for biodiversity, and adapting to climate change.

Jeff Bennett




Crawford school Quarterly Newsletter issue 1 Autumn 2010

Social Policy Action Research Centre (SPARC)

Climate change affects us all …

Contributions to the Bradley Review of Higher Education…

ANN NEVilE, SPARC DiRECToRIn fostering research, providing advice and contributing to social policy debates, SPARC aims to influence policy outcomes . Engagement with issues of interest to policy practitioners is therefore vital, and provides a practical rationale which supplements SPARC’s philosophical commitment to multi-disciplinary, collaborative research . Policy practitioners want to know if a particular program is effective, but they also need to know why it is effective and what needs to be done to increase program effectiveness . Collaborative research between economists and academics from other social science disciplines means both types of questions can be explored within the one study . For example, the only major study of the Work for the Dole program used aggregate data on employment status three months after participating in the study to answer the question of whether Work for the Dole helps participants find jobs . Individual interviews with over 100 participants across six States and Territories and staff from 18 service delivery organisations shed light on important process questions – why does Work for the Dole help some participants but not others? What bits work well? What bits don’t work? What needs to be done in order for the program to work better? Using a range of data and research methods allowed for increased policy relevance and hence policy impact as seen in the fact that the Federal Government has implemented over half of the study’s 14 recommendations .

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/staff/anevile.php

MiChAEl WARD AND JARED DENTClimate change affects us all . One group in particular perhaps more attuned to the vagaries of climate change are farmers . Long-run climate change has the potential to markedly change the face of farming . For example, compared to the present a hotter, drier climate on average might mean that agricultural boundaries – the ‘line’ separating productive agricultural land from marginal lands – contract towards the coast with potentially negative implications for the Australian economy . It is this question and similar ones about how climate change might affect the Australian economy that have motivated our study looking at the relationship between climate and farm values within the Australian agricultural sector .

Using land price data combined with climate records and soil data going back 30 years we have produced a model designed to tell us how climate affects the sale price of unimproved, unirrigated, broad acre agricultural land . The estimates we gather from this model allow us to answer questions like: ‘how does extra rainfall affect the average per hectare value of agricultural land?’ We have combined these estimates with the latest climate projections released by the CSIRO to produce a set of land values that might prevail throughout the next century . For example, in the wheat belt of southwest Western Australia our model suggests that average land values will decrease by anywhere from 11 per cent to 16 per cent by mid-century and as much as 46 per cent by 2100 depending on the emissions scenario that prevails . Although there are a number of caveats that accompany these predictions, it appears that there is very real potential for severe, negative impacts from climate change on broad acre agriculture in Australia .

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/staff/mward.php

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/current_students/phd_student.php?id=110&surname=Dent

9

BRuCE ChAPMANAs a consultant to the Bradley Review of Higher Education on Youth Allowance, throughout 2008 and 2009, Bruce Chapman critically examined the whole scheme and offered many recommendations for change on means-testing rules, students’ allowable earnings, abatement rates, independence eligibility and the age of independence . All these changes were recommended by Bradley and have now been developed into public policy .

With Professor Lin Martin (Deakin University) Professor Chapman’s work illustrated that Youth Allowance was in a poor state and in need of considerable change . They suggested significant reforms to the indexation rules for family income means-tested eligibility, the allocation of scholarships, redirecting more resources to locationally distant prospective students, the age of independence, and the earnings rules for students on the scheme . It was also clear from research using the HILDA data set that there were serious inequities associated with the eligibility arrangements for the so-called “independent-at-home” group, and found that this part of the policy was quite regressive . The suggested changes to Youth Allowance from the Review implied a significant increase in funding for the most disadvantaged students and at the same time that support for the wealthy should be withdrawn . The government adopted the changes in the 2009/10 budget at zero cost to taxpayers .

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/staff/bchapman.php

Bruce Chapman is currently President of the

Economics Society of Australia

Bruce Chapman Ann Nevile Michael ward

Jared Dent

Contemporary Land Values

Absolute Change in Land Values by 2100





the ANU has signed a draft agreement with UNesCo to establish a UNesCo Chair in water economics and

transboundary water governance for a four-year period (renewable) with a planned commencement date in the first half of 2010. Professor r. Quentin grafton has been nominated by the ANU as the Chairholder, UNesCo Chair in water economics and transboundary governance. the UNesCo Chair team will include academics and professional staff from the ANU, including Dr Daniel Connell and Dr Karen hussey of the Crawford school, and a network of researchers from Africa, China and europe.

The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations estimates that about 3,800 children die every day — almost exclusively in poor countries – as a direct result of unsafe drinking water and lack of proper sanitation . Without a fundamental change in how water is managed in rich and poor countries, scarcity problems will be made much worse .

Diverting water from one area or catchment to another is likely to increase in response to water scarcity . Unfortunately, in many parts of the world there are few locations where water is available without imposing substantial costs on users from where the water is being supplied, and also on the environment .

CWEEP co-ordinates and links its global activities to UNESCO-IHE, the Global Water Partnership, the International Water Management Institute, Water Net, the International Centre for Water Economics and Governance in Africa (IWEGA), and the Water for Africa Research Project . Within Australia, CWEEP will link its activities to the efforts of National Water Commission, Murray-Darling Basin Authority, Department of Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, and other organisations to promote integrated water resource management .

Crawford school and its networks house sufficient analytical

capacity to provide the world’s best technical and public policy insights into managing water under climate variability and climate change, urban water supply and demand management, water markets, water pricing, trans-boundary water governance, and water management practices that promote environmental sustainability.

For more informationDireCtor: Professor QUeNtiN grAftoN

Co-Chair of ANU water initiative

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/staff/qgrafton.php

http://cweep.anu.edu.au/

Quentin grafton

tidal river, wilsons Promontory, viC (timo Balk)





JANE GollEy

In the three decades since Deng Xiaoping declared that China’s economic development would necessarily involve some people becoming rich before others, inequalities have risen sharply across regions, with the relatively rich Eastern region now having a per capita income two and a half times that of the poorest Western region . Yet Deng made it clear from the outset that the rest of the country would prosper in time – it would just require a little patience . Indeed, he ‘predicted’ that by 2000 it would be time to direct regional policies towards the less developed regions and, on cue, in late 1999 Jiang Zemin announced the commencement of the ‘Western Development Strategy’ (xi bu da kai fa), which Hu Jintao has also adopted as a key component of his own policy goals for a ‘harmonious and balanced society’ .

I have observed and analysed the unfolding pattern of China’s regional industrial development for the last fifteen years and my latest research indicates that

patience will be required for quite some time to come . Despite numerous policy efforts (some but not all of them misguided), the Eastern region continues to totally dominate the industrial landscape, as indicated by two key sets of related results . First, between 2000 and 2006 the Gini coefficients – which measure the degree of geographical concentration, with higher values indicating greater concentration – have risen in 18 of 27 industrial sectors, and the share of Eastern output produced in the vast majority of these sectors has risen accordingly . While Guangdong’s former dominance appears to be waning in many sectors – with its output shares of 17 sectors declining through this period – this golden child of the Eastern region still managed to increase its share of total industrial output by nearly five percentage points . In contrast, the majority of Western provinces experienced further declines in their shares of China’s industrial output, and by nearly five percentage points in the case of Inner Mongolia (a province recently re-classified as Western in order to benefit from the Western Development Strategy) .

Second, a shift-share analysis of provincial-level industrial output growth over the same period provides a way of identifying those sectors in each province that performed above the national average rate of growth simply because they were located in

that province and not elsewhere . This “location” component made a positive contribution to the growth of 21 sectors in the Eastern province of Shandong compared with just three sectors in the Western province of Tibet . While some Western provinces fared much better than this – “location” improved the growth performance of 17 sectors in Sichuan, for example – the overall pattern remains clear: the Eastern region on the whole continues to be the most advantageous location for industrial production . The relocation of industry towards the lower cost, less developed West will ultimately play a key role in reducing regional income disparities, but it is not happening on a large scale just yet . Whether this is in spite of, or because of, the regional policies being implemented under the guise of Western development, remains to be seen . But one thing is certain: a harmonious and balanced society is a long way off .

This research is ongoing and will be developed in greater detail as a chapter in the 2010 China Update book, China: The Next Twenty Years of Reform and Development .

Deputy Director China economy Program: Jane golley

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/staff/jgolley.php

China Economy Program – Annual China UpdateIn 2009, the China Economy Program addressed ‘China’s Place in a New World’ .

Chair of the CEP Professor Ross Garnaut set the scene with the comment that the global financial crisis had been the most significant factor in changing China’s place in the world, but rather than being a negative force it has ‘accelerated China’s emergence as a great power’ . Keynote speaker Treasurer Wayne Swan elaborated that China’s economic resilience in the global financial crisis was a significant factor ‘that helped the Australian economy to grow in the March quarter of this year, when almost every other advanced economy went backwards’ . This, he argued, indicates a need for closer trade relations between Australia and China, as ‘through developing our relationship with China, Australia will be better placed to meet the rising demands of the Chinese economy as China assumes an increasingly greater role in the global community’ . Mr Swan said that Australia needed to avoid ‘megaphone diplomacy’ with China or risk exacerbating already fragile relations . To that end, Mr Swan noted the key role the Crawford School has played for some time in developing expert scholarship on China and relations with Australia . He said, ‘Sir John Crawford took a deep interest in the relationship between Australia and its neighbours in Asia and the Pacific . The school that bears his name today does a wonderful job of honouring and building on his legacy, and this annual conference on China is an important part of that .’

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/research_units/china.php

Finding voices for youth in the Pacific …

ShARoN BESSEllIn 2009, Crawford School and Save the Children Fiji, with funding from AusAID, organised the first-ever Forum at which children and young people in Fiji were able to express their views on education and school . The Forum is one dimension of research being carried out by Sharon Bessell, and used a research methodology designed by Sharon to create opportunities for children and young people to speak out on policy relevant issues . The Fiji Ministry of Social Welfare and the Ministry of Education have each expressed interest in holding similar Forums, and the approach has attracted attention from UN agencies . The findings of the Forum will be discussed in detail with policymakers in Fiji during workshops in February 2010 . The first scholarly article from the Forum was published in Pacific Economic Bulletin in November 2009 and the report is available http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/pacificpolicy/publications.php This work has been watched throughout the Pacific, and will be used again in Fiji and elsewhere as a tool of policy development .

Tongan economy suffers from low remittances …SioSiuA ‘uToiKAMANu AND PATRiCK DE FoNTENAy The Tongan economy was well on its way to recovery from the effects of the riots and the oversized rise in public sector salaries of 2005 when it was hit by three new shocks: an inflation surge in 2007–08 due to price rises for imported food and fuels; the bursting of a bank credit ‘bubble’; and the global financial crisis . Remittances have been adversely affected by the financial crisis affecting local business .

Nevertheless, GDP growth has remained positive, as the subsistence sector is sheltered, and foreign financial assistance has supported construction activity and permitted an expansionary stance of fiscal policy . The macroeconomic picture is one of stability, with inflation back to low levels and the budget and the balance of payments showing overall surpluses . The economy remains vulnerable, however, and Tonga still does not appear to be within reach of a sustainable development path . The government will need—with the help of donor countries—to mobilise the private sector in key areas and tackle the main obstacles to development . Regional cooperation should also be strengthened, especially through consolidation and harmonisation . Pursuing these goals while maintaining the momentum for constitutional reform is the major challenge for the Tongan government .

read more..…

http://peb.anu.edu.au/pdf/PeB24_3_eCoNoMiC_sUrveY.pdf

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/staff/pdefontenay.php

Chinese regional development: How much patience?

wayne swan

sharon Bessell

Jane golley

PNg Update Patrick de fontenay and siosiua ‘Utoikamanu

sharon Bessell with kids at

fiji forum





Pacific Economic BulletinThe PEB is a peer-reviewed international journal with a mandate to cover economic and governance issues on Papua New Guinea and the Pacific island countries . It is published by the Crawford School three times a year and carries influential economic surveys of Papua New Guinea, Fiji and selected island countries each year . The journal is funded by Australia’s development assistance agency, AusAID .

In the first issue for 2010 a survey of the Papua New Guinea economy, by Jonathon Gouy, Theodore Levantis, Joseph Lelang and Alfred Mokae will be published; and, in the second issue, surveys on Fiji will be written by Biman Prasad (University of the South Pacific) and of the Vanuatu economy, by Patrick de Fontenay (Crawford School) . The PEB has a policy focus and delivers valued advice to policymakers in both Australia and the island countries .

Crawford School will host a series of seminars, conferences and updates associated with the publication of research and policy in the PEB throughout 2010, some of which will be funded by AusAID and some of which will be in conjunction with PEB network institutions .

http://peb.anu.edu.au/

Local political parties in Indonesia – the Aceh Test Case…BEN hillMAN

In 2009 Ben Hillman led a research team of Australian and Indonesian researchers to examine the performance of local political parties in Aceh’s first post-conflict legislative elections in April 2009 . The research involved a large survey of voters throughout the province as well as focus group discussion and interviews with party leaders . Ben’s team found that while the elections were tainted by violence and intimidation, the election results accurately reflected voters’ preferences .

Speaking at a recent policy forum attended by Indonesian cabinet ministers and other senior officials, Ben’s team argued that policy changes are needed if the new local political parties are to be effectively integrated into the national party system . Ben published key findings from the research in an Indonesian-language policy brief, an opinion piece in the Jakarta Post and in an essay for the Far Eastern Economic Review . Findings and recommendations from the study were also widely reported in major Indonesian news outlets following a media debate held in Jakarta in the lead up to the policy forum . A second policy brief and a full-length academic article are being prepared for publication in 2010 .Ben Hillman formerly headed the UNDP’s technical support program for Aceh’s first direct local elections in 2006, and since then has been a regular contributor to policy debates over Indonesia’s evolving system of electoral management . In 2009 Ben produced a new analysis of the institutional arrangements for implementing local executive elections in Indonesia, which will serve as a reference for lawmakers when the elections law is revised in 2010 . His report—the first comprehensive analysis of the subject—will be jointly published by Indonesia’s General Electoral Commission (KPU) and the United Nations Development Programme in Indonesia .

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/staff/bhillman.php

Australian Indonesian Governance Research Partnership (AIGRP)

indonesian Minister for trade, Mari Pangestu praises Crawford’s contribution to policy research in indonesia and to bilateral ties through the work of the

Australian indonesian governance research Partnership.AIGRP has recently fulfilled an Australian government-funded research grant to kick-start collaborative research on Indonesia’s most pressing development challenges . Since 2007 AIGRP has sponsored 41 collaborative research projects, bringing together 109 researchers from 61 different institutions . In 2009 AIGRP sponsored research on climate change and food security, public finance, lawmaking, and forest management . AIGRP has been strongly endorsed by senior members of the Indonesian government including Indonesia’s President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono .

Managed out of Crawford (Andrew MacIntyre, Ben Hillman, Kym Holthouse) AIGRP has monitored research activities throughout the year while working with researchers to feed research findings into public and policy debates . Each project produces a policy brief in English and Indonesian and is then distributed to relevant government agencies in Indonesia . AIGRP’s flagship event is the Policy Research Forum held in Jakarta attended by nearly 200 policymakers, researchers, journalists and representatives from international organisations and NGOs . The 2009 forum was opened by Australian Ambassador Bill Farmer and Indonesian Minister for Education Mohamad Nur .

The Young Scholars Workshop brings together talented graduate students from Australia and Indonesia to exchange ideas on current policy issues and to meet policy practitioners and senior researchers in their fields . The Young Scholars participate in a presentation skills workshop before showcasing their own research at a Young Scholars Forum, held in conjunction with the Policy Research Forum, and attended by senior academics from Australia and Indonesia .

www.aigrp.anu.edu.au

Policy Research

Forum 8 DECEMBER 2009

JAKARTA

iDEAs ThAT MATTER

Crawford Community:

Join Crawford Community to receive full details of these and all other Crawford outreach events in 2010 .

http://www.crawford.anu.edu.au/community/

right (l-r) indonesian Minister for

trade, Mari Pangestu. Young scholars forum.

Ben hillman





How relevant are political parties today?... NoRMAN ABJoRENSEN

Against a background of increasing doubt as to whether Australia’s federal arrangements are conducive to the development of sound

and effective policy in regard to old issues such as water resource management or emerging vital issues such as response to climate change, the Parliamentary studies Centre, in conjunction with the ottawa-based forum of federations, hosted a roundtable at Parliament house in November on the themes of Political Parties, Civil society and federations.The discussion began with Dr Norman Abjorensen, Research Director at PSC, posing a series of questions: How relevant are political parties today? More importantly, how representative are they? Do political parties constitute a crucial part of civil society? And how well do they articulate the concerns of the civil society of which they ostensibly form a part?

In line with other western democracies, Australia is experiencing a declining allegiance to its major political parties as the parties themselves decline in membership – phenomena that reflect long-term social change with significant implications for civil society .

An apparent decline in the social bases of both parties stands in contrast to the Greens, which now have members in most state parliaments as well as the Federal Senate . The Greens grew out of the environmental social movement in the 1980s and even today resemble a social movement more than they do a political party with their rejection of hierarchical structures and commitment to member participation in policy development . A steadily increasing Green vote in inner urban electorates is now threatening a traditional Labor stronghold and this trend, if continued, suggests a longer term realignment and also a re-think of how parties organise and relate to their bases .

Thinking about the Asia Pacific Community…PETER DRySDAlE AND hADi SoESASTRo

the idea that regional architecture in Asia and the Pacific is not up to the tasks it now needs to serve has been around for

some time. it has been inspired in part by worries about the untidiness in the competing structures across the Pacific, of APeC, and within east Asia, of AseAN +3 and the east Asia summit (eAs). there has also been a hankering after ‘robust’ regional institutions modelled on the arrangements in europe or North America, however unsuited they are to Asia Pacific circumstances. What is different about the thinking that led to Prime Minister Rudd’s Asia Pacific Community proposal is that these worries are incidental to its main strategic motivation . The Rudd idea is grounded in the reality of the big shifts taking place in the structure of regional and world power .

East Asian economies should have been more conscious of their role on the world stage and the need to reposition quickly to manage the global system consequences of their own economic success and the dangers presented to its sustainability that the huge imbalances had created on the way . The reason for this failure is simple .

Despite the emergence of East Asia as a major economic force in the world – China, Japan and the rest of East Asia through to Australia and New Zealand reaching out to India – the East Asian economies collectively could not step up to the mark because regional structures were still not up to the task of effective global participation . The stage was still set for the wrong play – reactive responses to regionalism in other parts of the world, the trivia of regional FTAs and ‘mickey mouse’ financial cooperation – and there was no platform on which to perform globally .

The global financial crisis and the emergence of the G20 has changed all this dramatically and propelled the G20’s Asian members to assume a new role and their proper responsibilities in managing the world economic order .

The clear message is that ‘no one wants more meetings’ and that there is ‘no appetite for additional institutions .’ But there is strong support for developing more effective alignment of regional strategic purpose, a sentiment that is at the core of the idea of an Asia Pacific Community .

The next APEC meeting in Japan, provides an excellent opportunity to convene a side-dialogue of this group, including India, on these issues, likely just prior to the G20 meetings in Seoul, to lay the foundations for a representative Asia Pacific Council that can give leadership to taking the Asia Pacific Community idea forward .

Dr Hadi Soesastro is a senior economist with CSIS in Jakarta and Peter Drysdale is Emeritus Professor in the Crawford School .

http://www.eastasiaforum.org/

EAF East Asia Forum The Crawford School houses both the secretariats for the East Asian Forum (EAF) and the East Asia Bureau of Economic Research (EABER) . EAF brings together Australia’s expertise on East Asia while EABER brings together the top economic research institutes and researchers in the region . Together, they promote dialogue and research on the most important economic, political and other issues in the region and Australia’s position in the region .

Peter Drysdale and Shiro Armstrong were awarded the 2009 ANU Media & Outreach Award for the East Asia Forum .

New site for Asian-Pacific Economic Literature journal

http://apel.anu.edu.au/

APEL ONLINE is a guide to exceptional economic and policy literature on the Asian - Pacific region . On this site we offer free access to the pre- published version of articles of the Asian-Pacific Economic Literature journal .

Prime Minister Kevin rudd

Peter Drysdalehadi soesastro

Parliamentary Studies Centre PSCThe end of 2009 was a busy time for the Crawford School’s Parliamentary Studies Centre, with four public workshops held in November . The Centre is funded through an agreement with the Australian Parliament and an Australian Research Council ‘linkage grant’ . The purpose of the Centre is to promote research and debate on the role of parliament in the policy process . The Clerks of the House of Representatives and of the Senate are the parliamentary partners, making it possible to use Parliament House facilities for many of the Centre’s public activities, all listed on the Centre’s website:

www.parliamentarystudies.anu.edu.au





Chapman, B. and higgins, t., 2009 . ‘An income contingent loan for extending parental leave’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 12(2):197–216 .

Chapman, B. and leigh, A., 2009 . ‘Do very high tax rates induce bunching? Implications for the design of income contingent loan schemes’, The Economic Record, 85(270):276–89 .

Chapman, B. and lounkaew, K., 2009 . ‘The effects of different loan schemes for higher education tuition: an analysis of rates of return and government revenue in Thailand’, Higher Education in Europe, 34(2):239–54 .

Chapman, B. with lounkaew, K., (forthcoming) . ‘Income contingent student loans for Thailand: alternatives compared’, Economics of Education Review .

Chapman, B. with lounkaew, K., Polsiri, P., sarachitti, r. and sitthipongpanich, t., (forthcoming) . ‘Thailand’s student loan fund: an analysis of interest rate subsidies and repayment hardships’, Economics of Education Review .

lEo DoBESDobes, l. with Bennett, J. 2009 . ‘Multicriteria analysis: “good enough” for government work?’, Agenda, 16(3) .

SCoTT FloWERflower, s., (forthcoming) . ‘The struggle to establish Islam in PNG (1976–1983)’, Journal of Pacific History, 44(3) .

PATRiCK DE FoNTENAy De fontenay, P., 2009 . ‘Tonga survey’, Pacific Economic Bulletin, 24(3) .

RoN DuNCANDuncan, r. with Batten, A. and gouy, J., 2009 . ‘Papua New Guinea economic survey: from boom to gloom?’, Pacific Economic Bulletin, 24(1):1–26 .

Duncan, r. with sing, Y.w., 2009 . ‘The failure of agricultural policymaking in Fiji’, Pacific Economic Bulletin, 24(2):168–84 .

PRASANNA GAi gai, P. and Kapadia, s., (forthcoming) . ‘Contagion in financial networks’, Proceedings of the Royal Society A .

gai, P., Alessandri, P., Kapadia, s., Mora, N. and Puhr, C., 2009 . ‘Towards a framework for quantifying systemic stability’, International Journal of Central Banking, 5:47–81 .

gai, P., Cameron, g. and tan, K ., (forthcoming) . ‘Sovereign risk in the classical gold standard era’, Economic Record .

gai, P. with trivedi, K., 2009 . ‘Funding externalities, asset prices, and investors’ search for yield’, Bulletin of Economic Research, 61:73–82 .

JANE GollEy golley, J. with sambit, B. and Dowrick, s., 2009 . ‘Institutions and trade: competitors or complements in economic development’, Economic Record, 85(270) (September):318–30 .

QuENTiN GRAFToN grafton, r., lynham, J., Costello, C., gaines, s.N. and Price, J., 2009 . ‘Response to letters to the editor on “can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse”’, Science, 323:338 .

grafton, r. with Kompas, t. and ha, P.v., 2009 . ‘Cod today and none tomorrow: the economic value of a marine reserve’, Land Economics, 85:454–69 .

grafton, r. with Mcilgorm, A., 2009 . ‘Ex ante evaluation of the costs and benefits of individual transferable quotas: a case-study of seven Australian commonwealth fisheries’, Marine Policy, 33:714–19 .

grafton, r. with Yamazaki, s. and Kompas, t., 2009 . ‘Output versus input controls under uncertainty: the case of a fishery’, Natural Resource Modeling, 22(2):212–36 .

CARolyN hENDRiKS hendriks, C. (ed .), 2009 . ‘Deliberative governance in the context of power’, Policy & Society, (Special issue) .

KAliAPPA KAliRAJANKalirajan, K. with singh, K., 2009 . ‘The pace of poverty reduction across the globe: an exploratory analysis’, International Journal of Social Economics, 36(6):692–705 .

ToM KoMPAS Kompas, t. with grafton, r.Q. and ha, P.v., 2009 . ‘Cod today and none tomorrow: the economic value of a marine reserve’, Land Economics, 85(3):454–69 .

Kompas, t. with tran, t.B. and grafton, r.Q., 2009a . ‘Contribution of productivity and firm size to value-added: evidence from Vietnam’, International Journal of Production Economics, 121:274–285 .

——, 2009b . ‘Institutions matter: the case of Vietnam’, Journal of Socio-Economics, 38:1–12 .

Kompas, t. with Yamazaki, s. and grafton r.Q., 2009 . ‘Output versus input controls under uncertainty: the case of a fishery’, Natural Resource Modeling, 22:212–36 .

AMy liu liu, A.Y.C. with Cai, l., (forthcoming) . ‘Public–private wage gap in Australia: variation along the distribution’, British Journal of Industrial Relations .

JohN MCCARThy McCarthy, J. with Cramb, r.A., 2009 . ‘Policy narratives, landholder engagement, and oil palm expansion on the Malaysian and Indonesian frontiers’, The Geographical Journal, 175(2):112–23 .

KAzuKi oNJi onji, K., 2009 . ‘The response of firms to eligibility thresholds: evidence from the Japanese value-added tax’, Journal of Public Economics, 93(5–6):766–75 .

onji, K. with vera, D., (forthcoming) . ‘Tax law asymmetries and income shifting: evidence from Japanese capital Keiretsu’, BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy .

XuNPENG Shi shi, x., 2009 . ‘Have government regulations improved workplace safety?’, Journal of Safety Research, 40(3):207–13 .

shi, x. with grafton, r.Q., (forthcoming) . ‘Efficiency impacts of the Chinese industrial transition: a quantitative evaluation of reforms in the coal industry’, Economic Change and Restructuring .

JohN uhRUhr, J., 2009a . ‘Comparing congress: Bryce on deliberation and decline in legislatures’, Boston University Law Review, 89:847–62 .

——, 2009b . ‘Deliberating about democracy: five perspectives’, Australian Journal of Political Science, 44(3):529–35 .

——, 2009c . ‘The Australian model senate’, Canadian Parliamentary Review, 32(1) (Spring):26–32 .

Uhr, J. with larkin, P., 2009 . ‘Bipartisanship and bicameralism in Australia’s war on terror’, Legislative Studies Journal, 15(2–3) (June–September):239–56 .

Book ChaptersBRuCE ChAPMAN Chapman, B., 2009 . ‘Policy design issues for risk management: adverse selection and moral hazard in the context of income contingent loans’, in g. Marston, J. Moss and J. Quiggin (eds), Risk, Responsibility and the Welfare State, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne .

Chapman, B. with tan, M., 2009 . ‘The Australian approach to higher education financing’, Financing Higher Education: a comparative analysis of Australia, India, Thailand, New Zealand, and the way forward for Malaysia, USM Press, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia .

Chapman, B. with tulip, P., (forthcoming) . ‘Financing higher education’, in E . Baker, P . Peterson and B . McGaw (eds), International Encyclopedia of Education, Elsevier, Amsterdam .

Selected published research BooksHighlights

Handbook of Marine Fisheries Conservation and Management. Oxford University Press, Oxford University Press 2010

This handbook is the most comprehensive and interdisciplinary work on marine conservation and fisheries management ever compiled and the first to completely bridge fisheries and marine conservation issues . Its innovative ideas, detailed case studies, and

governance framework provide a unique mix of theory, best practice and pathways to improve the management of the world’s oceans and to help overcome the perennial problems of overfishing, habitat and biodiversity loss . The contributors include the world’s leading fisheries scientists, economists, and practitioners . Ecosystem and incentive-based approaches are described and complemented by tools for cooperative, participatory management .

r. Quentin grafton is Professor of Economics at the Crawford School of Economics and Government at the Australian National University (ANU) and Honorary Professor of Economics at the University of Otago . He is the lead editor, and was assisted by:

ray hilborn is a Professor in the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington .

Dale squires is Senior Scientist with NOAA Fisheries and Adjunct Professor of Economics at the University of California San Diego

Maree tait is Marketing and Outreach Director at the Crawford School of Economics and Government at the Australian National University (ANU) .

Meryl williams is a former Director General of the WorldFish Center and is currently Chair of the Commission of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research and a member of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee of the Global Environment Facility .

grafton, r ., 2009 . Economics of Water Resources. Volumes I and II, Edward Elgar, United Kingdom .

Duncan, r ., 2009 . Kiribati’s Political Economy and Capacity Development, Pacific Studies Series, Asian Development Bank, Manila .

hendriks, C., harding, r. and faruqi, M., 2009 . Environmental Decision-Making: exploring complexity and context, The Federation Press, Annandale .

song, l., garnaut, r. and woo, w.t. (eds), 2009 . China’s New Place in the World in Crisis: economic, geopolitical and environmental dimensions, The Australian National University E-Press, Canberra, and The Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC .

Journal articlesHighlights

yuSAKu hoRiuChihoriuchi, Y. and goldsmith, B.e., 2009 . ‘Spinning the globe? US public diplomacy and foreign public opinion’, Journal of Politics, 71(3):863–75 .

Global public opinion has emerged as a prominent issue in international relations, but have US public diplomacy efforts during the post-9/11 period successfully improved foreign publics’ appraisals of US foreign policy? We examine this question by estimating the effects of US high-level visits to foreign countries on public opinion in those countries . We base our theoretical arguments on the political communication literature, but extend them to consider transnational dynamics in international relations . Specifically, we argue that US leaders’ credibility in the eyes of foreign publics is critical in shaping attitudes towards US foreign policy . Empirically, we show that the effects of such visits were initially significantly large and positive, but weakened once the war in Iraq began and international media started reporting negative aspects of the ‘war on terror’ . Most interestingly, we find some evidence that high-level visits eventually exhibited a backlash effect .

horiuchi, Y., (forthcoming) . ‘Understanding Japanese politics from a local perspective’, International Political Science Review .

horiuchi, Y. with goldsmith, B., 2009 . ‘Spinning the globe? US public diplomacy and foreign public opinion’, Journal of Politics, 71(3):863–75 .

horiuchi, Y. with saito, J., 2009 . ‘Rain, election, and money: the impact of voter turnout on distributive policy outcomes’, Asia Pacific Economic Papers, 379 .

JANiNE o’FlyNNAlford, J. and o’flynn, J., 2009 . ‘Making sense of public value: concepts, critiques and emergent meanings’, International Journal of Public Administration, 32(3–4):171–91 .

Number 4 on the most viewed articles for the Interational Journal of Public Administration for 2009 . http://tandf .msgfocus .com/c/1hU4uktnyaZq6DhfP

Ainsworth, s., Knox, A. and o’flynn, J. (forthcoming) . ‘A blinding lack of progress: management rhetoric and affirmative action’, Gender, Work and Organization.

o’flynn, J. and Blackman, D., 2009 . ‘Experimenting with organisational design in Bhutan: tools for reform and the achievement of multi-level goals’, Public Administration and Development, 29(2):133–44 .

BRuCE ChAPMAN Bruce Chapman co-edited a special issue of the Australian Journal of Labour Economics (12[2]) with Boyd hunter - Government Managing Risk: Income contingent loans for social and economic policy.

Botterill, l. and Chapman, B. ‘A revenue contingent loan instrument for agricultural credit with particular reference to drought relief’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 12(2):181–96 .

Chapman, B. and higgins, t . ‘An income contingent loan for extending parental leave’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 12(2):197–216 .

Chapman, B. and hunter, B. ‘Exploring creative applications of income contingent loans’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 12(2):133–44 .

Chapman, B., higgins, t. and taylor, D. ‘Income contingent loans for mature aged training’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 12(2):167–79 .

Janine o’flynn

Yusaku horiuchi



DANiEl CoNNEll Connell, D. with turral, h. and Mckay, J., 2009 . ‘Much ado about the Murray: the drama of restraining water use’, in f. Molle and P. wester (eds), River Basin Trajectories: societies, environments and development, CAB International, Wallingford:263–88 .

JENNy CoRBETTCorbett, J. with Daly, A., 2009 . In h. Matsushige and D. taylor (eds), Laggards and Leaders in Labour Market Reform: comparing Japan and Australia, Routledge, London .

SCoTT FloWER flower, s., 2009 . ‘The history of terrorism and its analysis in Melanesia: implications for security and policy’, in s. Brawley (ed .), Doomed to Repeat: terrorism and the lessons of history, New Academia, Washington, DC:187–216 .

JANE GollEy golley, J. with tyers, r. and Bain, i., 2009 . ‘Projected economic growth in the People’s Republic of China and India: the role of demographic change’, From Growth to Convergence: Asia’s next two decades, Palgrave, London .

RiChARD MulGAN Mulgan, r., 2009 . ‘AWB and oil for food: some issues of accountability’, in J. farrall and K. rubinstein (eds), Sanctions, Accountability and Governance in a Globalised World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge:334–51 .

liGANG SoNG song, l. with McKay, h., 2009 . ‘Global implications of China as the manufacturing powerhouse’, in r. garnaut, l. song and w.t. woo (eds), China’s New Place in the

World in Crisis: economic, geopolitical and environmental dimensions, The Australian National University E-Press, Canberra, and The Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC:261–302 .

song, l. with Yu, s., 2009 . ‘Linking economic development with demand on energy: a discontinuous estimation of energy demand elasticity’, in C. Chen (ed .), China’s Integration with the Global Economy: WTO accession, foreign direct investment and international trade, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham:204–20 .

JohN uhR Uhr, J., 2009 . ‘Parliamentary oppositional leadership’, J. Kane, h. Patapan and P. t’hart (eds), Dispersed Democratic Leadership, Oxford University Press, Oxford:59–81 .

20 Crawford doctoral students graduate in 2009shiro Armstrong: The Japan-China economic relationship: distance, institutions and politics

lisa Arnold: Effect of devolution on human resource management in the Australian public service

Andrew Bradly: Sun, sand, and social responsibility: corporate social responsibility in Fiji’s tourism industry

Jeremy Cheesman: Managing water in Viet Nam’s Dak Lak Plateau: demand, use, efficiency and welfare analyses

hoang long Chu: A parametric linear programming approach to continuous-time stochastic optimal control problems with binary variables: applications to bioeconomic models and marine reserves

Adam Johns: The role of policy in the growth of media and digital content industries in East Asia

Peter ga’Allah Kora: Land tenure and productivity in Papua New Guinea: a case study of oil palm at Hoskins, West New Britain Province

gabriel lele: Political institutions and economic policy reform in post-Suharto Indonesia

Matthew linley: Threats, media coverage and public perceptions of foreign nations in Japan

Dieu Khanh luc: Monetary transmission mechanism in Viet Nam after the Asian Financial Crisis (1999-2006): a structural vector auto-regression model

hazel Moir: Do patent systems improve economic well-being? An exploration of the inventiveness of business method patents

Arief ramayandi: Essays on the conduct of monetary policy in ASEAN Countries

van tuong Nguyen: Foreign aid and development: the case of Viet Nam

ha trong Nguyen: Essays on social protection: theories and evidence from Viet Nam

Nazmun Nahar ratna: Rethinking the role of social networks on knowledge diffusion: essays on economic outcomes and policy implications

Adrian rollins: The power to deal: the domestic origins of the shift in Australia’s trade policy in the 1990s and early 2000s

Yae sano: The role of social capital in a common property resource systems in coastal areas: a case study of community-based coastal resource management in Fiji

xunpeng shi: China’s coal industry transformation: performance, challenges and prospects

Jayarethanam Pillai: The flexible developmental state? The case of the Singapore electronics industry

satoshi Yamazaki: Essays on fisheries management: instrument choice and the design of marine reserves under uncertainity

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