CHAPTER II

ANTYODAYA PROGRAMME IN KARNATAKA

CHAPTER II

ANTYODAYA PROGRAMME

This chapter is focused on the study of the nature and importance of the 'Antyodaya' programme which has been implemented by the Karnataka Government in 1983-84. In this chapter, an attempt is made to analyse the nature, importance, eligibility criteria, service-components of the 'Programme'. The study has been made on the basis of secondary sources.

52

PART A

ANTYODAYA PROGRAMME z AN OVERVIEW

It is established, beyond doubt, that the fruits of rural development programmes that have been launched both by the central and state governments so for have, by and large , accured only to the affluent sections of the rural society. Commenting on this, Gunnar Mydral says, "most of benefits form these policies do not reach their poor, even if such is the proclaimed aim and motivation. The benefits accure insted to the strata above them ..." The sixth five- year plan (1980-85) also stated that "past experience has shown that by dumping the very poor long with the relatively better-off sections of the community in development projects, the percolation of beenfit to the most deprived section of comunity is hampered ... The least benefited have been the landleess and the rural artisans who, as a category, account for as much as one -fourth of the rural work force" (Mehta, 1983). This has also been more or less confirmed by a survey conducted by f'lehta in rajsathan (Mehta, 1983) . It is to say that more than four decades of economic plannig in our contry has not made only significant dent on the rural poor. The income gap between the rich and poor has also widened notwithstanding a numer of development programmes having been launched ever since India attuned Independence.

53

The above state of affairs has prompted the planner to adpot a target-oriented approach like the SFDA and MFAL which were specifically meant for reaching benefits to small and marginal formers who have some lands leaving out those who have no asset at all. The working of these and such other similar programmes have shown that landless agricultural labourers, artisans, service class people like scavengers, barbers, carpenters and such others were still the people who have not been benefited form the development programmes. The government, both Central and State, have been on the look out for ah effective programme which could make a real impact on rural poverty. One of such programme is 'Antyodaya'.

Antyodaya - .Gandhian concept (Verma, 1979) has come to be considered as an answer to tackle the problems of the weaker sections. Through this programme it is expected that the fruits of our planned development would reach the rural poor without any differentiation on grounds of caste, class and religion, because the selection of beneficiaries under the programme is solely based on the extent of poverty of the family.

It is also the fact that the regional differences will not come in the way since the impact of the programme will be felt uniformly in all the villages. The programme has been implemented through the co-ordinated efforts of various government departments and financial institutions.

54

Realising this, the Government of Rajasthan launched 'Antyodaya' programme on October 2, 1977 which was the first of its kind in the country. However, the launching of this programme was announced by the State Government while pre­senting its budget in the State Assembly in September, 1977. Subsequently, other States, namely, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Manipur, Orissa and Karnataka have also taken up this programme.

Concept

The concept 'Antyodaya' in vernacular is a combination of two terms, namely, 'Antya' and 'Udaya' which respectively mean the 'last' and the 'upliftment'. Thus in the derived senge "Antyodaya" means the upliftment of the last. The programme, therefore, envisages the improvement of poorest and the weakest. The general features of the programme are :(1) the involvement of the village representative in identi­fying the "antyodaya" families, inclusive of non-agricuitural labourers and self- employed person in various occupations such as "Animal Husbandry" , "Petty Business" and the "Vil­lage Art and Craft" as also the service activities like "Barbering, Carpentary", "Leather works" etc., and laying emphasis only on economic criterion for selection of benefi­ciary families.

55

It is however, appropriate at this juncture, to mention the four features of "ANTYODAYA" programme listed by the Planning Commission (Mehta, 1983). These features also help us undarstand the programme more clearly. They are : first under this apporch poverty does not remian a statistical abstraction. The poor family is identified as a concrete human reality. Secondly the emphasis is given to the deliv­ery of productive assests so that a poor fa^mily begins to get a regular income form self-empolyment scheme. Thirdly,^ the administration goes out, indentifies and assists the poor people, instead of waiting for people to go over to the concerned offices of governement for assistance. And final­ly criterion of identification is strictly economic - income below the poverty line. Further, the Planning Comission has stated that all these features are obviously commendable and represent an important departure form past practice (Mehta, 1983). One important aspect has to be mentioned here i.e. an anti-poverty programme like "ANTYODAYA" needed a firm political "will". "The fortune of the programme" Pran Chopra says "depends on the political will'!Mehta, 1983) . Moreover,

any anti-poverty programme can not be a one-shot affair. Organising "ANTYODAYA" families and conscientising them about the causes of poverty so that they would determine to over­come any abstacles coming in the ways of their betterment would be an arduous task.

56

Karnataka scenario

The Chief Ministe of Karanataka in his 'Budget' speech informed the House that during 1983-84, a new programme, namely, "ANTYODAYA" amied at the amelioration of the social and economic conditions of the poorest of the poor in rural areas, would be implemented. Accordingly, the above programme was launched by the government of karanataka as per the Orders issued in the first week of July, 1983 (Prajavani, 1984). Initially, this programme was introduced in 45 select­ed taluks spreaiover 19 rural districts of the state with a target of 30,000 bebeficiaries. During 1984-85, one more taluk of Dharwad district was added to the selected list of the previous year i,e, 1983-84. A budget provision of RS.200 lakhs had been provided in 1984-85 for this programme. Under this programme, five families are required to be selected in each village every year as per the standard criteria laid down for that purpose. Under the ^ ANTYODAYA" programme, a micro- approch with family as a unit of development has been adopted.

The programme first takes into account the requirements of the poorest families amongst the poor and slowly covers others families living below the poverty line. Thus once the poorest families are selected, Which otherwise are not able to reach any agency for any type of help, they would be able to have resources at their disposal. This,in turn, would

57

enhance their status of living and credit-worthiness .It is ^ great help to them in making themselves self-reliant.

Criteria adopted under the "programme"for Identification

There are some criteria adopted under the "programme" for identification of the poor families. These criteria also serve as the order of priority in the process of selecting such families. They are as follows :

a) Families having no economic assets like land, cattle or other investible property and having no person in the age group of 15-59 years who is capable of taking any economic activity due to infirmity, disability or old-age ;

b) Families having no economic assets but having one or more persons capable of carrying on economic activity and whose annual earnings do not exceed Rs.100/- per month or Rs.1,200/- per year for a family of five members.

c) Families of landless labourers and artisans whose annual earnings lie between Rs.1,200/- and Rs.1,800/- per year for a family of five persons, and

d) Families having some land or other assets but are below the poverty line of per capital income of Rs.64/- per month. (1960-61 basis).

58

Process of Identification

The Identification of Antyodaya families constitutes one of the most vital stages of the programme. Identification of five beneficiary families Is done In the Gramasabha of the respective villages. The Block Development Officer with the assistance of Viallage level worker makes necessary arrange­ments for a Gramasabha meeting. The Intimation of such meet­ing is also communicated to MLA/MLC/MP//Mandal Panchayat Chairman and members of the area at least seven days In advance so as to enable them to attend the meeting. The concerned B.D.O^Taluk Tahsildars are Invariably presentat the meeting, and the meeting is supervised by an Officer nominated by the Special Deputy Commissioner (Dev.) of the District.

Before Gramasabha meeting is convened, VLW/Agricultural Assistant (A.A.) is supposed to have a tentative list of 10 to 15 families which have the required eligibility under the programme in each village. Socio-economic profiles of the families are also prepared by him. The heads of the families included in the tenta­tive list, should be present at the time of meeting. The person concerned explains to the Gramasabha the components of the pro­gramme and criteria of selection of beneficiary families. Grama­sabha is free to accept or reject any name or all the names listed by the official concerned. The selection of the benefici­aries is done by consensus and the decision of the Gramasabha is final in this regard.

59

Once the list Is finalised, Gramasabha discusses the needs of the selected beneficiaries and suggests the best ways of assisting them to improve their standard of living. The voices of the heads of the 'Antyodaya* families are also taken into consideration while determining the components of the programme in their respective cases. Further, based on the decisions taken at such Gramasabha meetings, the Zilla Parishat prepares a plan of action for the whole district in consultation with the Block Development Officers and Exten­sion Officers of the Taluks. This is again put before the Zilla Parishat meetings, and then sent to the Government for approval.

COMPONENTS OF THE PROGRAMME :

(i) Old Age and Disability Pension

As it is mentioned earlier, the first preference, while identifying 'Antyodaya1 families, is given to those having no economic assest and having no person capable of doing any economic activity in the family due to infirmity, dissbility or old age. Such persons get a sum of RS.75\- and every additional person gets Rs60/- per month. The Department of labour and Social Welfare of the State initiate measures as necessary to help the identified families.

60

(li) Allotment of Lands

Antyodaya families' are being given lands on preferntial bassis. This work is entrusted to the Revenue [>eparment of the State.

(iii) Employment(Regular\Self/ Temporary)

(a) Although no reservation is made for antyodaya fami lies in matters of regular employment under government, it is decided to streamline the procedure to facilitate easy selection of qualifid antyodaya candidates in Government/semi-government/ public sector undertakings. The Social Welfare^initiates suitable measures in this aspect.

(b) The self-employment schems like poultry, piggary, sheep rearing, goat keeping, village and cottage industries, etc., are also be^ing taken up under the programme.

(c) Necessary instructions have been issued to the officers in- char^of Government workes to employ antyodaya family members whenever they approach for employment (dailyw- ages). It is the responsibility of the various departments and agencies to see that the District/Taluk level implemen­tation officers are informed with suitable instructions in this regard. Especially the employment opportunities under Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) are provided.

61

(iv) Credit-Based Employment Activities

These activities are implemented by the ZilW parishat according to the same norms as applicable to IRDP, along with the benefit of subsidy as admissible.

FINANCE

The different activities under the programme carry varing subsidy ranging from 25 per cent to 33^ per cent depending upon the status of the beneficiary. For the re­maining amount , loans are arranged thYough commercial banks '^'^'co-operatives • , which are to be paid backby the beneficiary families.

ADMINISTRATION

Antyodaya programme is being administered at three levels, viz., State level, Distric level and the Block level. The block is made the basic unit of implementation at the field level. Responsibilities are cast on the block administration for proper identification of the families, preparation and maintenance of their socio-economic profiles and the implementation of the programme covering the identi­fied families with economic benefits. The block development machinery is fully involved in the preparation of the appli­cations for asistance, sponsoring these applications to the financial institutions,liaisoning with the financial institu-

62

tions for getting sanction of loan and then ensuring proper ulitlsation of loan to gain expected economic benefits. The B.D.O.s' maintain the ledger folio of each family in order to keep effective watch. The Block Development Officers have been assisted by their team of extension officers and VLWs as well as secretaries. The constant help is being extended in administering the programme by Revenue Secretaries, Revenue Inspectors and Tahsildars of the State Revenue Department also.

The Deputy Commissioner is the Chief Co-Ordinator and overall in-charge for proper implementation of the programme at the district level. He is being assisted by the Project Officer and all the district level officers of the Depart­ments. At the 'District-Level', 'District Development Coun­cil' has shouldered the responsibility of selecting the Taluks for the programme keeping in view the infra-structure facilities available including credit support. The Memebers of the Parliament are being invited to attend the meeting of the Council by convention.

At the state level, a top-level "Co-Ordination Commit- tee"under the chairmanship of the Chief Minister of the state, has been set up to look after the policies, strategies and guidelines for implementation of the programme. Monthly regular periodical progress report is being sent from the District level to the State headquarters. The B.D.O. tains upto date record in respect of each identified

63

In the prescribed form. In case of land allotment and old age pension, the Tahsildar intimates the B.D.O the list of beneficiaries along with the details of the benefits provided to them. For loan assistance, the B.D.O has to collect information from the branches of commercial banks ^co-opera- tivefand * maintain a register of beneficiearies, amount of loan advanced, purpose of loan, etc.

Organisational Chart at the State Headquarters and at District Rural Development Society have been given (vide Appendix I and II respectively).

64

PART - B

IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTYODAYA PROGRAMME

As has already been mentioned earlier, 'Antyodaya' programme was launched by the Government of Karnataka during1983- 84*. Initially, this programme was introduced in forty five taluks spread over 19 rural districts of the State with a target of 30,000 beneficiaries. The first phase of the programme was completed by the end of March 1984.

Table 2.1 depicts 'District-wise' financial allocation under 'Antyodaya' programme during the years 1983-84 and1984- 85.

Table 2.1 reveals that at the beginning (1983-84), theK'programmes was introduced in forty five taluks of the State

whereas in 1984-85 this figure rose to forty six as one more taluk of Dharwad district was added to the total number of taluks covered under the programme. While Dharwad district had the highest number of taluks covered under this pro­gramme, Kodagu and Bidar had the least. The fixation of the number of taluks, perhaps, was according to the extent of population of the district concerned.

* During first week of July 1983.

65

Table 2.1District-wise Financial Allocation under 'Antyodaya' Programme for the years 1983-84 and 1984-85.

SI.No. DistrictNumber of Taluks under 'Antyodaya' Programme1983-84 1984-85

Financial Allocation for the year 1984 - 85

1. Bangalore 3 3 13,04,1002. Belgaum 3 3 13,04,1003. Bellary 2 2 08,49,4004. Bidar 1 1 04,34,7005. Bijapur 3 3 13,04,1006. Chikmagalore 2 2 08,49,4007. Chitradurga 2 2 08,49,4008. D.Kannada 3 3 13,04,1009. Dharwad 3 4 17,42,600

10. Gulbarga Yz. 3 3 13,04,10011. Hassan "t g,ai£ 2 2 08,49,40012. Kodagu 1 1 04,34,70013. Kolar 2 2 08,49,40014. Mandya 2 2 08,49,40015. Mysore 3 3 13,04,10016. Raichur 3 3 13,04,10017. Shimoga 3 3 13,04,10018. Tumkur 2 2 08,49,40019. U.Kannada 2 2 08,49,400

Total 45 46 2,00,00,000

66

With regard to the progress of 'Antyodaya' programme in respect of Mysore district for the year 1983-84, it is evi­dent from table 2.2 that two hundred and one families had been covered under the programme. When the total number of beneficiary familes (201) was subjected to taluk-wise distri­bution, it is clear that 89 beneficiaries were from Gundlupet taluk followed by 60 beneficiaries from Mysore and remaining 52 beneficiaries were from H.D.Kote taluk. Fifty five out of the total (201) beneficiaries belonged to SCs/STs and the remaining (134) beneficiaries were from other categories/social groups.

A sum of Rs.8.61 lakhs loan was sanctioned in addition to Rs.2.92 lakhs subsidy amount. It is also evident from table 2.2 that 70.5 per cent of the total targeted families (285) were covered under the programme during the first phase. It can also be noticed from the table that H.D.Kote had registered very less percentage of coverage (54.7%) whereas Gundlupet taluk had the highest number of families recived the benefits of the programme; however, cent per cent coverage was not at all found in any one of the taluks cov­ered under the programme. The valid reason may be due to indifferent attitude of the officials of financial institu­tions as well as government officers.

67

beneficiary families under the p

rogramme.

It has b

een

spent on

different

assets s

uch as B

uffaloes,

C. B

. Cows,

Bullock

and Bullock

Carts, S

heep units (

20+1), G

oat Unit (

20+1), C

ycle s

hops,

Petty

Shops

and construction of

sheds

to keep Buffaloes, C

ows

etc.

Source :

Field Data

% of

families

covered

63.0

93.6

54.7

70.5

Subsidy

Amount

74,000

1,38,000 ooo

r-t00 2,

93,000 a> J3 •U

oUa>co•r4•U

ocCO03c0)0)43

loan

sanctioned

2,21,000

4,13,000 Ooo

00CMCM 8,

62,000

families a

ctually

benefited

SCs

STs

Total 09 89 52 20

1 0)C0JC1

ii CO O' 12

ooo

15 26 14 55

CMv£>00

•

No.

of

Others

45

09 29 134

sum of Rs

No.

of f

amilies

proposed to be

benefited

95 95 95 285

T3<ucoT-(

uca>Ba>>0nc0

Taluk

Mysore

Gundlupet

H. D. Kote

TOTAL

Note :

The

• •

»-> o c/iz•

H*

CM•

CO

Progress o

f the Antyodaya

Programme

in Mysore District

during the Year

1983-84

Table

2.2

A macro level planning for development is conceived and the national level, it sets out the objectives, priorities and strategies. If the planning process has to yield optimum results, it should actually start from the bottom instead of from the top.

Since the development at the top needs a proper micro planning, it also requires proper implementation of different programmes at micro level. What is actually needeel is the proper execution as well as follow up of various programmes implemented at the base level. It is, therefore, in this part an attempt is made to study the nature of implementation and follow-up of the 'programme'.

Selection of Beneficiaries

The study covering all the three taluks and the general observation in those taluks reveal that the persons concerned adhered to the laid down criteria while selecting the benefi­ciaries under the programme in all the casqs. It is the considered opinion of the investigator that the selection of five poorest of the poor families in each village was done with utmost care, and as such a fair selection of these families was found beyond doubts. The formal instructions spelling out the priorities of different categories of poor families living below the poverty line were issued. Subse­quently (1983). Despite at most care excercised by the official machinery of the Government, there are families who

69

some how managed to be enlisted themselves into the list. The percentage of such cases as assess by the officials concerned was not large (Twobeneficiaries out of 201 fami­lies). This was possible because the Village Level Workers, Revenue Secretaries, Mandal Panchayat Officials played an important role in selection as they were from the respective villages. As such, they were fully conversant with economic conditions of all the identified families under the pro­gramme. The local MLAs amd M.P of the district did not attend even a single Gram Sabha meeting organised for identi­fication of families. However, the Block Development Offi­cials Tahasildars have attended the meetings invariably. Taluk-wise number of villages and identified families are given in table 2.3.

Table 2.3

Taluk-wise Number of Villages and Identified Families

Taluk Total Number of villages

Number of families identified

1. Mysore 12 602. Gundlupet 18 893. H.D.Kote 11 52

Total 41 201

It is clear from table 2.3 that totally 201 beneficiaries were identified from 41 villages. Taluk-wise break-up

70

gives an Idea that maximum number of beneficiaries identified (89) belonged to Gundlupet taluk, followed by 60 families from Mysore. It can also be seen that correspondingly the number of villages also increased.

After the finalisation of the list of eligible fami­lies, the Gram Sabha was required to discuss their needs and suggest possible ways to assist them to achieve a reasonable income level. The choice of identified families was not considered while deciding the type of benefits as the majori­ty of the beneficiaries (174 out of 200) expressed that they did not have any 'say* in selecting the service-components, and had to accept whatever was given to them. The rest said that they got the service-components they wanted.

Taluk-wise particulars of total lives tock position are presented in table 2.4. The particulars of livestock given in the table are as on 30th June 1992. Table 2.4 indicates that totally there were 1,746 livestock found when we put together the livestock of all the three taluks. The taluk-wise break-up reveals that Gundlupet had the highest number of livestock (707), followed by Mysore (602) and H.D.Kote (437). If one looks at the figures pertaining to the types of live­stock, it is clear that majority of the respondents had received sheep units and the total number of sheep touched 1,138, followed by goats numbering 525. Forty two C.B.Cows, 26 bullocks and 15 Gr. Buffaloes were also found with the beneficiaries.

71

The study also revealed that the benefits such as milch cattle units,goats and sheep units, bullocks, carts, petty shops, cycle shops, petty hotels were provided under the programme. The number of beneficiary families who received different types of livestock are given in Table 2.5.

From table 2.5, it is interesting to note that none of the beneficiaries was given any type of lands under this programme. Out of 201 families identified and selected, 50 (24.88%) beneficiary families received single unit of sheep (10 sheep + 1 ram) and 28 (13.93%) beneficiaries received double units (each unit: 20 sheep + 1 ram), followed by 28 (193.93%) beneficiaries who received double units. With regard to CB Cows and Gr.Buffaloes 35 and 15 families availed of them respectively. The remaining 13 beneficiaries got the bullocks.

72

Talu

k-wi

se p

arti

cula

rs o

f total

live

stoc

k po

siti

on

73

20+1

20

+1

20 +

1 2

Sheep 10+1

Cows 10+1

Goats 10+1

Gr.

Buffaloes 1

Buffaloes -

2

Sheep

220

210

430

121

210

331

209

168

377

1138

Goats

66

84

150

132

210

342

33

0 33

525

Cows

5 2

7 13

8 21

10

4 14

42Gr.

Buffaloes 5

2 71

2

35

- 5

15Bullocks

- 8

8 -

10

10

8 8

26-The d

etails o

f units

are

given

below. F

igures i

n ea

ch c

ell

indica

te t

otal n

umbe

r of

animal o

f co

rres

pond

ing

live

stoc

k category.

Gran

dTotal

Single Do

uble

Total S

ingle D

oubl

e Total Si

ngle Do

uble To

tal

H.D.

KOTE

UNITS

GUND

LUPE

TUN

ITS*

MYSO

REUN

ITS*

Live

stoc

k

Dist

ribu

tion

of

bene

fici

arie

s by T

aluk

and L

ivestock

74

Gr. B

uff a

loe 3

6 20

37

30

37

14

174*

(20.69%)

(11.49%)

(21.37%)

(17.24%) (2

1.37%) (2

1.26%)

(100%)

* Re

main

ing

26 b

enef

icia

ries a

re e

ngaged i

n othe

r activities. !

Single U

nit

= 10+1 s

heep/goat

dist

ribu

ted

to e

ach

bene

fici

ary

& Double U

nit

= 20+1 s

heep/goat

dist

ribu

ted

to e

ach

bene

fici

ary

For

C.B. C

ow,

Gr.

Buff

aloe a

nd B

ullo

cks

single u

nit

= 1 number

ii

Doub

le u

nit

= 2 n

umbers

10

11

10

19

8 78

(50%)

(27.73%)

(33.33%)

(51.35%) (5

7.14%)

(48.83%)

4 12

10

3 0

35(20%)

(32.43%)

(33.33%) (08.11%) (

0.0%)

(20.11%)

1 13

4 10

2 35

(5%)

(35.14%)

(13.33%) (27.03%) (14.29%)

(20.11%)

111

50

13(5%)

(2.79%)

(3.33%)

(13.51%) (0.0%)

(07.47%)

4 0

5 0

4 13

(20%)

(0.0%)

(16.67%) (0.0%)

(28.57%)

(07.47%)

C.B.Cow

5(13.9%)

Gr.Buffaloe

5(13.9%)

Bullocks

0(0

.0%)6

(16.7%)

Goat

Sheep

20(55.6%)

Gran

dTotal

H.D. K

ote

UNITS

Sing

le Dou

ble

Gund

lupe

tUNITS

Single Do

uble

Myso

reUNITS

Single Dou

ble

The time given to repay the loan as follows :(1) In case of graded Buffaloes and C.W. Cows, petty business,

v*u>nthly Instalment of Rs. 50/- which will be paid after the availability of the asset.(11) In case of sheep or goat unit - Five yearly instalment ofRs.560/- each and the payment states one year after the availability of the asset.

(Hi) In case of Bullocks, Cart and others - five yearly instalment of Rs. 1,100/- after one year of the availability of the asset.With regard to 'time-lag* between the date of applica­

tion and the procurementd of assets, majority (151 out of201) i.e., 74.63 per cent of the identified families had nocomplaints. The remaining 50 beneficiaries i.e., 24.87 percent expressed that they had to wait for about three to threeand a half months to get the sanctioned assets. When aquestion was posed to the Government and Bank officialsregarding time lag, majority of them (13 out of 15) expressedthat the whole process takes minimum one to one and a halfmonths in the normal course of time.

Table 2.6 gives the position of time-lag between the date of application and the date of procurement of assets by the beneficiaries.

75

Table 2.6

Opinions of the 'Antyodaya' families about time-lag between the date of application and trie date of procurement of asset

TalukOpinion of the beneficiaries about the period of time-lag Total No. of

beneficiariesNo time-lag Between

2 and 3 monthsBetweem3 and 4 months

*

Mysore 45 5 10 60Gundlupet 64 15 10 89H.D. Kote 42 5 5 52

Total 151 25 25 201

Sources : Field Data.

It is evident from table 2.6 that 151 (75.12%) benefi­ciaries opined that there was no time-lag in the processing of their applications. Twenty five (12.44%) beneficiaries said that there was a time-lag between 2 and 3 months and the remaining 25 (12.44%) expressed that there was a time-lag of 3-4 months between the date of application and the date of procurement of asset.

Commercial banks, being the premier financial institu­tions, have taken a leading role in financing the developmen­tal programmes like Antyodaya. The impact of these banks on

76

the performance of the programme Is profound. Apart from commercial banks, the Co-operative Banks as well as Cauvery Grammena Bank have also played their respective role in implementing the essence of the'Antyodaya' programme under study. Table 2.7 shows the particulars of financial institu­tions involved in the programme.

Table 2.7Financial Insitutions programme

involved in implementing the Antyodaya

Number of beneficiaries financed byTaluk Total

Commercial Co-Operative Cauvery GrameenaBanks Banks Bank

1. Mysore 30 15 15 60(50%) (25%) (25%)2. Gundlupet 48 - 40 88

(54.55%) (45.45%)3. H.D.Kote 31 - 21 52

(59.62%) (40.38%)

Total 109 15 76 200(54.5%) (7.5%) (38%)

Sources : Field Data.It is evident from table 2.7 that there were three

types of financial institutions involved in this programme. If one looks at the figures pertaining to Mysore Taluk, 30 (507o) beneficiaries received loan from Commercial Banks, followed by Co-Operative Banks (25%) and Cauvery Grameena Bank (25%). In the case of Gundlupet and H.D.Kote, none of

77

the Co-Operative Banks were involved in the programme. Only Commercial Banks and Cauvery Grameena Banks advanced loans to the beneficiaries.

Of the total (200) beneficiaries, 109 (54.21) got the loans form Commercial Banks .whereas in the case of 76 (38%)beneficiaries, Cauvery Grameena Bank was involved in the programme. The rest of 15 (7.5%) beneficiaries got loans from Co-operative Banks.

It can be deduced that a sizeable percentae of beneficiaries were being covered through commercial* banks as far as sanctioning of the loan is concerned.

Table 2.8 shows the progress made by Antyodaya programme between 1983-84 and 1990-91.

78

Table 2.8Statement showing the progress made between 1983-84 and 1990-91.

YearPersons to be

Target

benefited by

Achievement%age Amount

sanctionedAmountspent

(in |akh)1. 1983-84 285 201 70.82 11.66 2.912. 1984-85 1483 515 39.73 14.28 6.703. 1985-86 1949 1163 59.67 11.59 13.654. 1986-87 576 560 97.22 11.60 6.145. 1987-88 1582 131 8.28 7.00 1.696. 1988-89 1200 552 46.94 11.93 7.927. 1989-90 510 310 60.78 5.10 3.858. 1990-91 500 211 42.20 5.00 4.04

A striking feature of table 2.8 is that during 1986-87 almost cent per cent (97.22%) achievement of the target was noticed. Subsequently (1987-88), the achievement of the target suddenly dropped to 8.28 per cent. This may possible be due to a change in the political scenario of the State as. a different political party had come to power. This might have led to changes effected in the policies of the pro­

gramme.

It can also be noticed that there has been a steady decrease in respect of expenditure pattern (Amount sanctioned and spent)

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from 1983-84 to 1990-91. The decrease may be due to the Inclusion of this programme under Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP). Now, a family which has been labelled as an 'Antyodaya* beneficiary, get Rs.1000/- extra.

Table 2.9 shows the taluk-wlse distribution of beneficiaries and average family size.

Table 2.9

Taluk-wise distribution of beneficiaries and average family size.

TalukTotal No. of

PersonsTotal No. of beneficiaries

Average family size

Mysore 296 60 4.10Gundulpet 319 88 3.63H.D.Kote 164 52 3.15

Total 729 200 3.63

The size of the family is quite important form thepoint of view of dependency ratio, as each family’s income has a direct bearing on the number of dependents.

The average family size in this case is 3.63 i.e., less than four. But the highest average size of the family was found in Mysore taluk, followed by Gundulpet (3.637.) and H.D.Kote (3.157.).

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Totally 729 members were found In 200 families.

The study of the chapter revealed that though four and a half decades of planned development, poverty and unemployment are still persisting in India. An attempt has been made to study the nature and importance of 'Antyodaya' programme in Karnataka.

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