Antivirus

Pendahuluan

Kemampuan untuk mengobati infeksi virus sangat terbatas karena:-Replikasi virus terjadi dalam sel-Sulit menekan replikasi virus tanpa tidak membahayakan host

Antivirus SistemikAntivirus Lokal

Asiklovir=varicella, herpesZidovudine=HIV tipe1 &2Didanosine=HIV tipe 1 &2Zalcitabine=HIV tipe 1 &2Gangciclovir=CMV(citomegalovirus)AIDSFoscarnet=CMV,HSV(herpes simlex virus),VZVRibavirin=RSV, hepatitis CVidarabin=Amantadine=influenza A & parkinsonRimantadine=influenza A & parkinsonInterferon Alfa=HBV,HCV,HIV,sclerosis, malignansi

Trifluridine=HSVVidarabine=Idoxuridine=HSV

Drug of choice infeksi virus

Herpes Simplex Virus-Genetalis-Encephalitis

Obat - asiklovir•Foskarnet•Idoksuridin•Trifluridin•interferon

Varicella-Zoster Virus-Varicella-Herpes Zoster

Obat - asiklovir

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-AIDS

Obat- Zidovudine-Didanosine•Gansklovir•Foskarnet•Interferon•Zalzitabin

Influenza Virus-Respiratory tract infection

Obat-Amantadine-Rimantadin

Respiratory Syncytial Virus-AIDS

Obat-Ribavirin

Cytomegalo Virus-Retinitis

Obat-Ganciclovir- Forcarnet

Hepatitis Virus B & C-Chronic Hepatitis

Obat-Interferon alfa-2b

Asiklovir

Pharmacologist Gertrude B. Elion was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Medicine, partly for the development of aciclovir. Dr. Richard Whitley, a University of Alabama at Birmingham researcher and pioneer in antiviral therapy, was the first to successfully use the drug in humans.

In this HSV-infected human cell, the acyclovir molecules enter the cell and are converted to acyclovir monophosphate by the HSV enzyme thymidine kinase (TK). Enzymes in the human cell add two more phosphates to eventually form the active drug acyclovir triphosphate. The acyclovir triphosphate competes with 2-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase, as well as acting as a chain terminator. In actual infection, the HSV releases its naked capsid that delivers DNA to the human nucleus; the active drug acyclovir triphosphate exerts its action on the viral DNA located in the nucleus.

Asiklovir

Digunakan untuk: - Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)- Varicella-Zoster Virus (VSV)- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Sensitifitas: - paling sensitif HSV- moderate VSV- resistant CMV

Interferon α-2a-Chronic active hepatitis B-Chronic hepatitis C

Interferon α-2b- Hairy cell leukemia- Kaposi’s sarcoma-Multiple myeloma

Imunomodulator:

Methilsoprinolol

Tugas:

Pelajari farmakokinetika dan farmakodinamika dari antivirus yang lain.