antisemitic incidents in europe

8/10/2019 Antisemitic Incidents in Europe

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Antisemitic Incidents in Europe

before, during and after the

Israel-Gaza conflict.

A Report by The International Network Against Cyber Hate

(INACH) and the Ligue Internationale contre le Racisme

et lAntismitisme (LICRA)

Written & edited by Floriane Hohenberg, Ronald Eissens and Suzette Bronkhorst

November 2014


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We like to thank all those who contributed essential data to this report:

Austria - Zivilcourage & Antirassismus Arbeit (ZARA), United Kingdom - TheCommunity Security Trust (CST), Belgium - The Inter-federal Centre for EqualOpportunities and Opposition to Racism, Ligue Belge Contre lAntismitisme, Czech

Republic - The Jewish Community Prague, France LICRA & Service de protection de laCommunaut Juive (SPCJ), Germany - The Amadeo Antonio Foundation, Germany -The Association for a Democratic Culture in Berlin, Germany - Jugendschutz.NET,Hungary - The Action and Protection Foundation, Italy - The Observatory onAntisemitism of the Jewish Contemporary Documentation Center, The Netherlands -Complaints Bureau for Discrimination on the Internet (MDI), The Netherlands - Centerfor Information and Documentation Israel (CIDI), Sweden The Jewish CommunityStockholm and the Jewish Community Malm,Austria - Forum Gegen AntisemitismusVienna.

Other sources used:

JTA, Magenta Antisemitism News (CASW), ICARE Hate Crime News, Reuters, theInstitute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR), the Algemeiner and the ADL reportVIOLENCE AND VITRIOL - Antisemitism around the World during Israels OperationProtective Edge, July - August 2014

We like to thank the Ministry of Aliyah and Immigrant Absorption (Israel) for use oftheir Aliyah statistics over 2013 and 2014.Special thanks go to both Carole Nuriel from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) Israel,and Ido Daniel from Israeli Students Combating Antisemitism (ISCA), for digging-out theAliyah statistics, and to Mike Whine and Mark Gardner (CST, United Kingdom) for

persistently hounding some respondents for data!Philippe Schmidt, Chair of INACH and vice-president (International Affairs) of LICRA

Ronald Eissens, co-director of Magenta Foundation, board member of INACH

November 6, 2014

International Network Against Cyber Hate (INACH)Camperstraat 3hs 1091 AD Amsterdam

www.inach.netT. +31 20 692 72 [email protected]

Ligue internationale contre le racisme et lantismitisme (LICRA)42, rue du Louvre75001 Pariswww.licra.orgT. + 33 145 08 08 [email protected]

Cover photo: frame grab from a YouTube video.

Copyright 2014 INACH & LICRA


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Introduction & Summary

Why this report?

At the start of the Israel-Gaza conflict it was clear that it would generate anupsurge in antisemitism. NGOs and Jewish communities know that the momentthe conflict in the Middle East flares up, the number of complaints aboutantisemitism and the number of antisemitic incidents rise. The wish of the authorsof this report was to get a broad picture on what was happening coincided withthe announcement by the OSCE to organize a conference that marks the 10thanniversary of the 2004 OSCEs Conference on Antisemitism in Berlin. However,since the annual hate crime report by OSCE/ODIHR is to be published inNovember only, and as there was no other initiative to produce data onantisemitism, we decided to fill the gap and get together data on antisemitism forat least 10 OSCE participating States, in order to have some idea of current

antisemitism, especially in the light of the Israel-Gaza conflict. Since time was ofthe essence, we decided to do a short and fast report. We reached out to our ownnetworks and to NGOs and Jewish communities in Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden and theUnited Kingdom.

Methodology

We asked organizations to provide data on the number of antisemitic incidentsthey had monitored or that were reported to them for two distinct periods: fromJanuary 1, 2014 to July 6, 2014 and from July 8, 2014 to August 31, 2014. In otherwords, we wanted to compare the situation before the start of the Israel-Gazaconflict and during or immediately after the conflict.

We indicated that we were looking for incidents in these categories: homicide,assault, threats, verbal insults, speeches, broadcasts, graffiti, texts on banners,signs or flags, literature or publications, damage and desecration of Jewishproperty. We asked for a breakdown of the totals by number of incidents directedat persons and directed at property. We asked for disaggregated informationregarding the incidents targeting property: including figures about attacks atsynagogues, community centers and other Jewish property. For all incidents we

asked whether the recorded occurrences had been classified as of a violent naturesuch as homicide, assault, physical attack or bombing or arson.

For the Internet, we asked for data from the same two periods, but for the totalnumber of antisemitic expressions, broken down by location (social media orother) and by incitement to violence.

Additionally, we asked for examples of incidents, the perceived impact of anti-Semitic incidents on the Jewish community and for possible recommendations forthe Berlin conference.

Where relevant and necessary, we made use of data from the ICARE Hate CrimeNews Database, the Magenta Antisemitism Newsletter (CASW) and several online


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news services or papers. Additionally, the Dutch Complaints Bureau forDiscrimination on the Internet (MDI) and the INACH secretariat provided data onantisemitism on Twitter in three languages, during and after the conflict withGaza. Israeli Students Combating Antisemitism (ISCA) provided data onantisemitism in the Social Media, both data for 2013-2014 and during the Israel-

Gaza conflict.

Summary

There are great differences in the number of incidents reported by the differentNGOs and Jewish Communities across Europe. As we know, this is not necessarilybecause there are more incidents taking place in one country. The figures have tobe taken with caution. There are many factors that can explain thesediscrepancies. The availability of data depends greatly on the ability andwillingness of victims to report incidents. Reporting needs an environment that isfavorable, including a general public awareness and understanding aboutantisemitism in general, and in particular about the fact that antisemitic incidentsare not acceptable. Reporting depends first and foremost on the victimsthemselves who will feel encouraged to do so, because they expect theauthorities to respond adequately. And this again is very often the result of dailyoutreach and support work of civil society groups and Jewish communities. Someof those organizations have been monitoring and recording antisemitic incidentsfor quite some time and have the resources to reach out to potential victims, theyenjoy the trust of communities, and have the ability to process the information.Some organizations have started recording and reporting antisemitic incidents ontop of everything else they do, without dedicated resources, because the impact of

a single incident on the victims is so devastating. Generally, it can be safelyassumed that the figures that are represented in this report do not reflect thereality of the situation faced by Jewish communities in the ten countries thatprovided information. These figures represent only the tip of the iceberg. They area pointer. For authorities, civil society, and the media to act upon, to improve thequality of the picture we can get about this issue.

All organizations report that the number of incidents that were recorded after thestart of the Israel-Gaza conflict is disproportionately high, compared to figuresrecorded during the first half of the year. The number of incidents recorded duringand immediately after the Israel-Gaza conflict was at least as high as the numberof incidents reported during the first half of the year (Belgium, France, Germany,and the United Kingdom) and sometimes twice as high (Austria, Czech Republic,Italy). Respondents reported as well that incidents reported during the Israel-Gaza conflict were more often of a violent nature as during the precedingreporting period, including in particular assaults and attacks at persons, or arsonattacks on buildings associated with the Jewish community.

The figures on incidents on the Internet follow this trend. There have beendisproportionately high numbers of expressions of antisemitism observed andrecorded by those that contributed to this report. It seems as well that during the

months of July and August expressions of antisemitism in the social media werealso more frequent compared to the total number of antisemitic expressions on


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Belgium

The Inter-federal Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racismreported 37 incidents for the period covering January-August 2014, more thanhalf of which (20) took place between 7 July and 31 August. The Centre reported

that 32 of those incidents were targeting persons, 12 of which were recordedduring and after the conflict in Gaza. It is noticeable that 7 out of 12 of theantisemitic incidents targeting persons were of violent nature. One incidenttargeting Jewish property was recorded between January and July, while oneincident of arson on a synagogue was reported during the conflict in Gaza.

The Centre reported 25 expressions of antisemitism, including 18 inciting toviolence, from January to July 2014 and 14 expressions of antisemitism during andafter the conflict in Gaza, including six inciting to violence. Of those 39 expressionsof antisemitism, 21 were identified on social media.

Among the incidents recorded by the Centre, the arson of a synagogue inAnderlecht (Brussels) received important media coverage. On the occasion of theEuropean Day of Jewish Culture on 14 September, projectiles were thrown at agroup of visitors to the National Memorial to the Jews Martyrs in Anderlecht(Brussels). A 75year old woman was physically and verbally abused by a man inthe city hall of Ixelles (Brussels).

Slaughter the Jews was chanted at a July 12 demonstration in Antwerp andDeath to Jews! at a July 19 demonstration in Brussels. 1

The Belgian League against Antisemitism reported that on 23 July in a small cityin the vicinity of Lieges a poster with following words was placed at the entranceof a caf Dogs allowed but Zionists are banned in French and Dogs allowed butJews are banned in Turkish.

Czech Republic

The Jewish Community Prague recorded 15 incidents from January to June andtwice as many (30) during July and August. During the first half of the year, in oneinstance a synagogue was targeted while in two other instances other Jewishproperty were. During the summer months, two incidents targeted synagoguesand three incidents targeted other Jewish property. While there was no incidentreported targeting persons during the first half of the year, there were fourincidents targeting persons, one of them including physical violence, recorded inJuly and August.

1 VIOLENCE AND VITRIOL - Antisemitism Around the World During Israels Operation Protective Edge,

July - August 2014, Anti-Defamation League (ADL). http://www.adl.org/assets/pdf/anti-semitism/international/adl-report-on-anti-semitism-during-ope-july-aug-2014.pdf


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France

LICRA reported 109 incidents during the first half of the year and 22 incidents inthe months of July and August. In total 107 incidents targeted persons during thewhole period, 12 of them were of violent nature. One incident on a synagogue and

five incidents on other Jewish property were reported to LICRA.

Antisemitic expressions on the Internet amounted to 147 during the reportingperiod, 30 of them were recorded in July and August. Most of these expressions(77 from January to June and 18 in July and August) were observed in the socialmedia.

The Service de protection de la Communaut Juive (SPCJ) reported 326 incidentsduring the first half of 2014, of which 149 incidents targeted persons. One third ofthe incidents (51) against persons included the use of physical violence. During

the month of July only, the SPCJ recorded 201 incidents, including 140 threats and61 violent acts against persons (28) or property (33). Notably, two terror attacks.

The SPCJ noted that the number of antisemitic incidents have doubled comparedto the same reporting period in 2013, linking the dramatic increase of hate-motivated incidents to two events, the debates and demonstrations surroundingthe French public figure Dieudonne in January, and the demonstrations organizedagainst the background of the conflict in Gaza in July. The SPCJ noted further thatthe number of incidents of violent nature (i.e. physical violence, defacing,vandalizing, terror attacks) had experienced a much sharper increase than othertypes of incidents.

Germany

The Amadeo Antonio Foundation reported 55 incidents for the first half of 2014and 86 for the months of July and August 2014. These included 34 incidentstargeting persons, 19 of which took place during July-August 2014. The numberof incidents targeting persons involving physical violence amounted to 6 duringthe first half of the year and 11 during the summer months. There were nineincidents recorded targeting property (two targeting synagogues, onecommunity center, and six aimed at other Jewish property) from January to June;there were 15 incidents recorded targeting property in July and August (ninetargeting synagogues, one a community center and five other Jewish property).The only two incidents involving an arson attack took place during the summermonths, one being an attempted firebombing in which petrol bombs werethrown at a synagogue in the western town of Wuppertal by three suspects, theother an attack on the building of the Jewish Community Center in West Berlin.

The Association for a Democratic Culture in Berlin reported 25 incidents in Berlinfor the first half of 2014. Among the eleven incidents targeting persons, five wereof violent nature. The rest of the incidents were directed at Jewish property. From7 July and until the end of August, the Association reported that 25 antisemitic

incidents took place in Berlin, 16 of which were anti-Israel demonstrations


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because of the conflict with Gaza, and seven were assaults or physical attacks. Oneattack was directed at a synagogue, and two at Jewish property.

Examples of antisemitic incidents reported by the Association for DemocraticCulture in Berlin include posters trivializing the Holocaust that were displayed

during a march following a call on a Facebook profile named Free PalestineBerlin gathering approximately 700 people on 19 July. A man wearing a kippawho was on the side of the march reported he was the victim of antisemitic slursand death threats emanating from some demonstrators.

On 4 August a Peace March condemning the acts of the Israeli government inGaza stopped in front of the New Synagogue, a Jewish community center inBerlin. The participants shouted anti-Israel slogans and the speaker condemnedthe crimes of the Israeli government. The association of the Jewish communitywith the actions of the Israeli government is an expression of antisemitism. 2

The organization Jugendschutz.NET reported 23 cases of online Holocaust Denialduring the first half of the year, of which 10 cases were monitored on social media.In July and August, Jugendschutz.NET recorded 48 cases of online HolocaustDenial, of which 22 were observed on social media.

Hungary

The Action and Protection Foundation reported eleven incidents during theperiod covering January-August 2014, one of those was directed at a person andtwo at Jewish property.

Among noticeable incidents, the Action and Protection Foundation reported onthe desecration of several graves in the Jewish cemetery of the city of Tabanya on13 March. The perpetrators smeared following message on one of the graves:There was no Holocaust, but its coming!!! on two other graves they wrotestinking Jews, and Holohoax. On a third grave they sprayed a swastika alongwith the acronyms S.H. and H.H.

On 27 July, during an event called Peaceful Demonstration for Israel a personthrew a pyrotechnic device on the steps of a Synagogue in Budapest. The policeannounced on their website that they were investigating an act of vandalism.

On 2 August, the mayor of rpatak, a village in eastern Hungary had an appallingpresentation of hate in protest of Israel's operation "Protective Edge" in Gaza: aspeech full of antisemitic hate and demeaning remarks about the Holocaustwhile holding an Israeli flag which had its Star of David replaced with aFreemasonry symbol (common antisemitic imagery). At the end, with a help of amasked "executioner", the mayor hangs an effigy of former Israeli PresidentShimon Peres and of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

2 EUMC Working Definition of Antisemitism (2004). http://www.european-forum-on-antisemitism.org/working-definition-of-antisemitism/


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Italy

The Observatory on Antisemitism of the Jewish Contemporary DocumentationCenter reported 70 incidents between January and August 2014, of which 21 tookplace after the Israel-Gaza conflict started. Five incidents were directed at persons,

five at a synagogue and 11 at a community center or other Jewish property. TheObservatory reported that there were no incidents of violent nature recordedafter the Israel-Gaza conflict started and that the recorded incidents did not targetany persons.

The Observatory reported ten episodes of antisemitism on the Internet during thereporting period; four of them took place after the beginning of the Israel-Gazaconflict. The Observatory noted that they record only incidents that are eitherreferred to them or reported in the mass media. There were in total 12expressions of violence, half of which were reported after the beginning of the

Gaza conflict.

Noticeable examples of hate-motivated incidents included five pig heads sent torepresentatives of the Jewish community or to Israeli by a neo-Nazi group. Otherincidents included threats and insults targeting a rabbi and a Jewish journalist. Anantisemitic sermon inciting to hatred was also recorded in a mosque in theprovince of Venice.

Furthermore, on 27 July, the well-known Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimodeclared publicly that he wished to shoot those bastard Zionists and that Israelwas a bit worse than the Nazis. On 29 July, The Jewish Telegraph Agency (JTA)

reported a widespread spate of antisemitic graffiti and posters in Rome,including the display of dozens of swastikas painted on walls, and the spraying orprinting on posters of anti-Semitic slogans such as Dirty Jews, Jews your end isnear, Out with Zionists, and Israel executioner. Some posters bore aswastika and the phrase Anne Frank storyteller. On 11 August, there wereposters in Rome calling for a boycott of Jewish shops.

Netherlands

The Center on Information and Documentation on Israel (CIDI) reported 105incidents in the Netherlands from 7 July until the end of August. Twenty-nineincidents targeted persons, four of which were of violent nature. Three incidentstargeted Jewish property.

The Complaints Bureau Discrimination Internet (MDI) recorded 130 expressionsof antisemitism on the Internet from January to June 2014. Thirty of thoseexpressions incited to violence and 61 were observed on social media. TheComplaints Bureau recorded a higher number (143) of expressions ofantisemitism for the months of July and August only, including 79 expressionsinciting to violence. Hundred and nine of these expressions were observed on

social media.


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The Complaints Bureau provided examples of antisemitic expressions on theInternet such as the tweet: If I was the gas company I would gas all of your fuckingpeople! Not a fake holocaust but a gasocaust (sic) because of what you are doingin #Gaza! and the creation of a Facebook group named The Jews need to die likethis when you are against Jews free Palestine.

Sweden

The Jewish Community of Malm and the Jewish Community of Stockholm,reported respectively eleven (11) and eight (8) antisemitic incidents for the firsthalf of 2014. These figures include eight incidents targeting persons (includingtwo of violent nature) in Malm. The figures include four attacks at synagogues(three in Malm and one in Stockholm), eleven attacks at community centers (fivein Malm, six in Stockholm) and four attacks at other Jewish property (one inMalm, three in Stockholm).

After the start of the Gaza conflict and until the end of August, the JewishCommunity in Malm recorded eight incidents targeting property (one attack atthe synagogue, five targeting the community center and the rest aimed at otheridentifiable Jewish property). The Jewish community in Stockholm reportedincreased levels of anti-Semitism, including eleven incidents targeting persons(two of which were classified as violent), one attack at the synagogue, six attacksat the community center and three other incidents aimed at Jewish property.

Among noticeable incidents, the Jewish Community of Malm reported that theRabbi was harassed on his way from and to the synagogue on Shabbat and that the

windows of the synagogue were smashed at several occasions. They also reportedthat members of the Jewish community were the victims of verbal abuse afterconfronting some persons walking by on the street making anti-Semiticstatements. The Jewish Community of Stockholm reported that they received twoserious threats (with mention of suicide bombing in one case and car bomb in thesecond case) during the reporting period. The Jewish Community also reportedthat representatives of the community who usually participate in the annual gaypride in Stockholm were the targets of verbal abuse during the event.

United Kingdom

The Community Security Trust (CST) reported more than 600 antisemiticincidents from January to the end of July 2014, half of which were recorded duringthe month of July. Three hundred and four (304) incidents were reported by theCST for the period January-June, including 22 incidents of violent nature targetingpersons. In this period there were six attacks at synagogues, and 27 attacks atother Jewish property. During the month of July, CST reported 302 incidents,including 21 incidents of violent nature targeting persons, 22 attacks atsynagogues and 12 at other Jewish property.


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From January until the end of July 2014, CST recorded 140 antisemitic incidentson social media, 54% of which were recorded during July only. CST does notrecord static antisemitic websites as antisemitic incidents.

Among noticeable incidents, CST reported that the wall of the Hove Hebrew

Congregation synagogue was spray-painted above the windows with the textFree Gaza and that during many demonstrations posters were put up equatingIsrael to Auschwitz. A further incident involved two men entering the Londonkosher restaurant White House Express while one of them shouted Heil Hitlerand did a Nazi salute.

Two supermarket chains were targeted for stocking Israeli food. In Birminghamup to 100 demonstrators ran amok in a Tesco store throwing around stock andsome attacked police officers in apparent protest against its selling of Israelifood. In London a Sainsbury's store removed its kosher food from display afterfearing that anti-Israeli protesters would attack it. It was later put back on theshelves.3

Impact

NGOs that register antisemitism and Jewish Community organizations reportedthat members of the Jewish communities experienced that the conflict in Gaza hada direct impact on their situation, in particular in relation to their security. Manyreported a heightened feeling of insecurity, nurtured by reports of incidents in themedia, by members of the community, as well as personal experiences of

antisemitism (verbal or physical). (Austria, Germany, The Netherlands)

Some reported that members of the Jewish communities were worried about whatwas perceived to be a global surge of antisemitism and anti-Zionism in the media(Italy).

One group (Germany) reported that widespread antisemitic slurs expressedduring anti-Israel manifestations during the conflict in Gaza and experiences ofantisemitic threats on the street created a sense of insecurity among manymembers of the Jewish community.

Some members of the Belgium and Dutch Jewish communities reported that theyprefer not to go out with their kippah (religious head covering) on (or cover it withhat or cap), or visibly wear a Magen David (Star of David) or other symbols ofJudaism.

Some reported (Netherlands, France) that they envisaged for the first time (or forthe first time in years) emigrating, to Israel or to another country. Especially theelder reported being nervous and scared. Some publicly stated that they did notfeel at home anymore. (Netherlands).

3 JPR European Jewish Digest, August 2014.http://www.jpr.org.uk/documents/European_Jewish_Digest_August_2014.pdf


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Most Jewish communities mentioned that some members declared they wereconsidering leaving the country. According to the same respondents, this issue hadnot been a topic of discussion in a long time and was perceived both as aconsequence of the climate of fear generated by antisemitic acts and a source of

concern for Jewish communities. We have annexed the statistics provided by theMinistry in Israel that keeps a record of the people who decide to do Aliyah.Although these figures have to be considered with caution, it appears thatcomparable numbers of people made Aliyah during the first six months of the yearand during the two months of the Israel-Gaza conflict and its immediate aftermath.

Conclusions

All respondents report a rise in antisemitic incidents, both on Internet and in thephysical world after the start of the Israel-Gaza conflict. Monitoring, research,complaints and case handling by INACH, MDI and ISCA, the ICARE Hate CrimeNews and the Magenta Antisemitism News all confirm this. The level of violenceis also up, including in particular assaults and attacks against persons, or arsonattacks on buildings associated with Jewish communities.

Another observation that can be drawn from the antisemitic expressions thatwere reported after the start of the Israel-Gaza conflict (on the Internet and inreal life) is the increasingly blurred separation line between legitimate criticismof Israel and anti-Semitism, in particular on social media. Jew, Zionist orZionazi were often used interchangeably on social media. To quote a recent

Facebook posting: That you are a Jew is already pretty bad, but you are also aZionist that is doubly unacceptable.

We recommend this booklet to all those who work on the problem ofantisemitism in Europe and to the participants of the 10th Anniversary of theOSCEs Berlin Declaration on Anti-Semitism High-Level Commemorative Eventand Civil Society forum on November 12 and 13, 2014 in Berlin.

Recommendations by respondents

1. Put more focus on preventive work especially in the field of youth (e.g.through workshops etc.) - ZARA, Austria.

2. Limit the freedom of U. S. based hateful fora, persuade governments tocampaign against antisemitism the way Angela Merkel did - Jewishcommunity Prague.

3. OSCE Participating states should fully adopt and enact the 2005 EUMCWorking Definition of Anti-Semitism. Police and public institutions shouldalso use it to register cases of antisemitism. - Verein fr demokratischeKultur in Berlin e.V. & Ligue Belge contre l'Antismitisme.

4. Make sure that social media content, with violent or graphic images is not

intended to justify or glorify violence and is not exploited to generate hateagainst certain groups of society. Jugendschutz.Net in Germany, as


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part of their September 2014 publication Images and videos depictingviolence, suffering and victims - Recommendations on news coverage andhandling in social media4

5. In Hungary hate speech is the most common type of hate incidents.However, according to the OSCE definition these are not hate crimes. It is

very important to take into account these acts as well. Action andProtection Foundation, Budapest.

6. A single EU system for cataloging data on antisemitic incidents isparticularly essential for countering online antisemitism and also morecoordination between research-centers and governments. Furthermore,EU countries should adopt the Working definition of antisemitism. -Osservatorio antisemitismo (Observatory on Anti-Semitism) of CDECFoundation (Jewish Contemporary Documentation Center).

7. Improved recording of antisemitic hate crime, more prosecutions, andgreater intervention on social media CST, United Kingdom

8. NGOs and other organizations that presently work on antisemitism shouldreceive more training on monitoring and registering incidents. - JewishCommunity Stockholm.

9. Stricter laws against hate speech, Uniform definition of antisemitism,prevention through education (youth work), more networking of publicauthorities and NGOs, especially about the internet. Forum GegenAntisemitismus, Vienna.

10.A broader approach to education of young people, both on Holocaust andon the intricacies of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict should be pursued. -Ligue Belge contre l'Antismitisme

Annex I -Aliyah statistics 2013 and 2014

Aliyah statistics from 1-1-2014 to 7-7-2014 before the Israel-Gaza conflict

2560 France

234 United Kingdom

119 Italy

98 Belgium

68 Hungary

62 Germany

38 Netherlands

16 Austria

8 Sweden

5 Czech Republic

4 www.jugendschutz.net


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Aliyah statistics for 2013

3263 France

495 United Kingdom

162 Italy

273 Belgium

153 Hungary

111 Germany75 Netherlands

24 Austria

29 Sweden

17 Czech Republic

JuneJulyAugustSeptemberUnited

KingdomTotal

449910937479

JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMay

4533474124

JuneJulyAugustSeptemberItaly

Total

22475122239


2427211312

JuneJulyAugustSeptemberBelgium

Total

17253410167


1816181415


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ANNEX II ISCA Activity summary 2014 on handled cases of

Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial.

Annex III - Internet research - antisemitism on Twitter in

English, French and Dutch

Dutch language

The Dutch Complaints Bureau from Discrimination on the Internet (MDI) didresearch into the use of negative expressions about Jews during the Israel-Gazaconflict which were a direct reaction to the conflict, using the Dutch-languagesection of Twitter.

Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Sum

acebook 279 473 454 428 440 479 502 559 525 682 567 5388

nstagram 53 89 195 339 316 198 231 205 189 236 258 2309

Wikipedia 54 129 110 131 144 160 168 145 136 117 180 1474

YahooAnswers

44 62 79 91 88 72 77 84 139 103 124 963

YouTube 414 378 366 380 363 577 565 843 581 571 519 5557


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The Dutch Internet expression kk Joden (literally cunt cancer Jews) was used intweets 307 times while the more popular expression kankerjoden (cancer Jews)was used 534 times. Joden aan het gas (Jews to the gas) was only used 268times and Hamas Hamas Joden aan het gas (Hamas Hamas Jews to the gas) 167times.

Most popular were tweets that contained Joden dood (Kill the Jews), 759 times.

Examples of expressions on Twitter(translated from Dutch)

kk JewsDid Jews not learn from historyI hope that once in my life I 'm going to kill some Jews Fucking shit Jews#Free PalestineAll those fucking Jews can die , and I prefer to kill them #FREE PALESTINENow we know why Hitler gave the jews a shower #FREE PALESTINE we need anew Hitler#Free Palestine fuck the Jews ! Destroy the #Jews!Fucking shit all the Jews dead #Free PalestineHamas, Hamas, all Jews to the gas ! #Free PalestineFucking shit Jews Kill those dirty Jews Hitler has done nothing wrong@Kevitatjuuh_x : @ _goldmocro_ Hitler must come back again to kill those jews#Free Palestine

English language

The INACH Secretariat did research into the use of negative expressions aboutJews during the Israel-Gaza conflict which were a direct reaction to the conflict,using the English-language section of Twitter.

The hashtag #hitlerwasright was used more than 10,000 times and became a so-called trending topic. The hashtag #hitlerdidnothingwrong was used nearly 3700times. Both hashtags were used only in connection with the conflict with Gaza.

Other popular hashtags used in antisemitic tweets were #KillTheJews,#freepalestine, #freegaza, #ZioNazis, #Nazisrael, #Gazaundersiege,

#Ethniccleansing. #Nazionism, #Blitzkrieg, #IsraHell and #Gaza.

Examples of expressions on Twitter

What hitler done to the Jews was awesome #KillTheJews#freepalestine#freegaza iA palestine and gaza wil be free.. Remember them in urPrayers.. #killthejews@Op_Israel: #protip: "Israel" is endangering the lives of millions of Jewsworldwide. #zionazis anti-Semitism. Forces Jews 2 their side.Kikes.... kikes everywhere #dirtyjews #kikes #fuckinpigs #Zionistpigs

#isrealdogs #isreal #cocksuckers #impalestinian #bitch


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Fukin dirty Jews in Edmonton acting like they no what the other dirty Jews aredoing in gaza is right #dirtyjews #freegaza #corruptedworld@ADNAN_AMAR Hitler was a good man bro,it's a shame he never finished of thejob he started.#gasemall

French language

The INACH Secretariat did research into the use of negative expressions aboutDutch Jews during the Israel-Gaza conflict which were a direct reaction to theconflict, using the French-language section of Twitter.

The hashtag #UnBonJuif (a good Jew) was used 689 times in antisemitic tweetsduring Israel-Gaza conflict. The hashtag #UnJuifMort (a dead Jew) has beenremoved by Twitter.UEJF (The French Union of Jewish Students) asked the French court in 2013 tohave Twitter provide the identities of those using the hashtags #UnBonJuif and#UnJuifMort. Ultimately UEJF won the court case and the appeal (2014), butTwitter has still not provided the identities. UEJF has now started a civil suitagainst Twitter. In the meantime Twitter claims to have made the use of the twohashtags no longer possible, but our research shows this is not completely correct.#UnJuifMort was blocked and all tweets using the hashtag were removed, butsome of the Tweets using this hashtag are still to be seen outside of France.#UnBonJuif is still alive and kicking and was used 63 times on Twitter during thepast 30 days.

In the meantime, alternative antisemitic hashtags have become popular, like#LesJuifsAuFours (The Jews in the Ovens) and #TuonsToutLesJuifsCesFilsDePute(all the Jews are sons of whores).

Examples of French-language expressions on Twitter

@slt_t_magnifik un bon juif est un juif mort (magnificent, a good jew is a dead jew)Le lobby juif contre la dmocratie shar.es/110zAb via @grtvnews (The jewishlobby against democracy)#UnBonJuif n'existe pas lol :-) (A good Jew does not exist lol )Qui se souvient de " #UnBonJuif est bien dans un four " mdrrrr (remember a good

jew is good in an oven)#UnBonJuif boit du sang d'enfant musulman pour decupler ses forces. (A good Jewdrinks the blood of Muslim children to multiply his strength)#UnGayMort et #UnJuifMort est puni par la loi. Car les juifs dirigent le monde, etla plupart de hommes politiques sont gays. #SachezLe (A Dead Gay and A deadJew, to say this is punishable by law. For the Jews rule the world, and mostpoliticians are gay)

antisemitic incidents in europe

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