antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · antimicrobialagentsand chemotherapy volume31 * january1987...

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS ANDCHEMOTHERAPYVOLUME 31 * JANUARY 1987 * NUMBER 1

Robert C. Moellering, Jr., Editor in Chief (1990)New England Deaconess HospitalBoston, Mass.Michael Barza, Editor (1990)New England Medical Center HospitalsBoston, Mass.Herbert L. Ennis, Editor (1987)Roche Institute of Molecular BiologyNutley, N.J.Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr., Editor (1990)University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesville

George A. Jacoby, Jr., Editor (1990)Massachusetts General HospitalBostonChristine C. Sanders, Editor (1989)Creighton University School of MedicineOmaha, Neb.John A. Washington II, Editor (1991)Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, OhioPeter G. Welling, Editor (1988)Warner-Lambert Co.Ann Arbor, Mich.

EDITORIAL BOARDVincent T. Andriole (1987)Bascom F. Anthony (1988)Gordon L. Archer (1989)George R. Aronoff (1989)Richard H. Baltz (1987)Rashmi H. Barbhaiya (1989)Arthur L. Barry (1989)John G. Bartlett (1987)Arnold S. Bayer (1988)William M. Bennett (1987)Michael G. Bergeron (1989)Richard F. Bergstrom (1988)Karen K. Biron (1987)Gerald P. Bodey (1989)Arthur E. Brown (1987)Lawrence E. Bryan (1988)Ward Bullock (1987)Tsun Chang (1989)Anthony Chow (1988)C. Glenn Cobbs (1989)Paul S. Cohen (1989)William A. Craig (1987)Naomi Datta (1987)Lawrence E. Day (1989)William E. Dismukes (1987)Susan M. Dorrbecker (1989)R. Gordon Douglas, Jr. (1989)John C. Drach (1987)George L. Drusano (1987)Theodore Eickhoff (1988)

Gertrude B. Elion (1987)George M. Eliopoulos (1988)Arthur English (1989)Robert J. Fass (1988)Stuart Feldman (1988)Sydney Finegold (1988)Martin Forbes (1989)Peter T. Frame (1988)John N. Galgiani (1987)Dale N. Gerding (1988)Anthony J. Glazko (1987)Irving H. Goldberg (1988)Thomas D. Gootz (1988)Stephen B. Greenberg (1989)Scott M. Hammer (1989)Margaret R. Hammerschlag (1989)Robert E. W. Hancock (1989)W. Lee Hand (1989)H. Hunter Handsfield (1989)Frederick G. Hayden (1987)Michael L. Higgins (1989)David C. Hooper (1987)Richard Hornick (1989)George Gee Jackson (1989)James H. Jorgensen (1987)William J. Jusko (1989)A. W. Karchmer (1988)Donald Kaye (1988)Mark S. Klempner (1989)George S. Kobayashi (1988)

Donald J. Krogstad (1989)Stephen A. Lerner (1989)Stuart B. Levy (1989)Joan Lusk (1989)R. Luthy (1989)Gerald L. Mandell (1989)Gary R. Matzke (1989)George H. McCracken (1987)Antone A. Medeiros (1987)Michael Miller (1987)Barbara E. Murray (1987)John D. Nelson (1989)Harold C. Neu (1989)Lawrence A. Pachla (1987)Joseph S. Pagano (1987)James E. Pennington (1989)T. J. Perun (1989)Lance R. Peterson (1988)W. H. G. Richards (1989)Glenn D. Roberts (1989)Richard Roberts (1988)Ian M. Rollo (1988)Allan Ronald (1987)John P. Rosazza (1989)Jon E. Rosenblatt (1988)Robert H. Rubin (1987)Merle Sande (1988)W. Eugene Sanders, Jr. (1987)W. Michael Scheld (1989)Jerome J. Schentag (1988)

Raymond F. Schinazi (1989)Fritz D. Schoenknecht (1989)F. C. Sciavolino (1988)William M. Shannon (1989)Charles Shipman, Jr. (1988)David M. Shlaes (1988)Robert W. Sidwell (1987)Herbert M. Sommers (1989)P. Frederick Sparling (1987)Harold Standiford (1988)David A. Stevens (1989)Stephen E. Straus (1987)R. Sutherland (1988)Morton N. Swartz (1988)Richard B. Sykes (1988)Francis P. Tally (1987)Fred C. Tenover (1988)Alexander Tomasz (1988)Roger D. Toothaker (1988)Francis L. S. Tse (1989)Richard J. Wallace, Jr. (1987)Michael Waring (1987)Bernard Weisblum (1988)Peter F. Weller (1989)Richard Wise (1989)John S. Wolfson (1987)David J. Wyler (1989)Lowell Young (1988)Pauline K. W. Yu (1988)

Helen R. Whiteley, Chairman, Publications BoardLinda M. Illig, Managing Editor, Journals

Kirk Jensen, Director of PublicationsCarol J. Neff, Production Editor

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ISSN 0066-4804), an interdisciplinary publication of the American Society for Microbiology,1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge relating to all aspects of antimicrobial, antiparasitic, andanticancer agents and chemotherapy. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints are available from theeditors and the Publications Department. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy is published monthly, one volume per year. Thenonmember subscription price is $220 per year; single copies are $25. The member subscription price is $35 (foreign, $51 [surface rate]) peryear; single copies are $8. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, reprints, defective copies, availability of back issues, lost or late proofs,disposition of submitted manuscripts, and general editorial matters should be directed to the ASM Publications Department, 1913 I St., NW,Washington, DC 20006 (phone: 202 833-9680).

Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication ofthe issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues. Claims for issues missing becauseof failure to report an address change or for issues "missing from files" will not be allowed.

Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006, and at additional mailing offices.POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, ASM, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006.Made in the United States of America.Copyright X 1987, American Society for Microbiology. El*: V1,;.9AK,j LM l tt(All Rights Reserved.The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the article may be

made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the statedper-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale.

Author IndexAbele, G., 76Agabian, Nina, 37Alon, U., 126Andremont, Antoine, 124Archibeque, Eric G., 114

Barbhaiya, R. H., 55Barshatzky, Marc R., 27Bayer, Arnold S., 70Benavente, Maria C., 132Berant, M., 126Berman, J. D., 111Blumenfeld, Walter, 37Bodey, Gerald P., 11, 102Bowmer, M. I., 67Brown, Hannah R., 27Brunette, Elisa N., 37Butkiewicz, N. J., 21

Carandang, Gloria, 114Casal, Manuel J., 132Cesario, Thomas C., 114Chapman, W. L., Jr., 111Chiu, Joseph, 114Chow, Raymond T., 108Cobo, L. Michael, 6Cornere, Brian M., 42

Darabi, Ali, 81Davidai, G., 126D'Costa, L. J., 67Debs, Robert J., 37DiGiore, Charles, 84Dix, Barbara A., 46Durack, David T., 6Dylewski, J., 67

Ederer, Mary N., 16Elmer, Gary W., 129Elting, Linda, 11

Fainstein, Victor, 11

Feinstein, Stuart A., 108Forgue, S. T., 55Fransen, L., 67Freudenberger, Joan, 46Funke, Phillip T., 46

Georgopapadakou, NafsikaH., 46

Gilbert, Thierry, 88Gleckman, Richard A., 1Gluzman, Ilya Y., 32Gresser-Burns, Mary, 16

Hadley, W. Keith, 117Hancock, R. E. W., 121Hanson, W. L., 111Harmenberg, J., 76Ho, Dai Hsi, 102

Isaacs, Charles E., 27

Jackson, J. E., 111James, Andrew, 52

Kapell, Kathi S., 100Karlstrom, A., 76Keating, Michael, 11Kessler, Harold A., 100Kim, Hong-Ki, 84Kim, Kwang Sik, 70Klein, R. S., 111Koren, Gideon, 52Krogstad, Donald J., 32

Lally, Richard T., 16Lapiguera, Amy, 84Larsson, A., 76LeBlanc, Barbara, 102Lelievre-Pegorier, Martine, 88Lieberman, M., 21Likitnukul, Sasithorn, 81Lim, J., 21

Lim, Josephine, 84Lin, C., 21Lin, Chin-Chung, 84Lin, Emil, 37Lindborg, B., 76Lovelace, J. K., 111Luna, Maria D., 132

MacCulloch, Donald, 42MacKeen, Patricia C., 93Maksymiuk, Andrew, 11Marco, Aliceann, 84McCracken, George H., Jr.,

81McCredie, Kenneth B., 11McFarland, Lynne V., 129Menzies, Rosalie E., 42Merlet-Benichou, Claudie, 88Merzbach, D., 126Meulemans, Alain, 88Miller, G. H., 21Miller, Michael H., 108Milliken, Jeffery, 52Montgomery, A. Bruce, 37Moore, Lynn V., 121Moore, Richard A., 121

Nassos, Patricia S., 117Norman, Dean C., 70Nsanze, H., 67

Olsen, Kurt, 81Ostrander, M., 21

Papahadjopoulos, Demetrios,37

Papp, E. A., 55Parr, Thomas R., Jr., 121Pecquet, Sophie, 124Perfect, John R., 6Person, Stanley, 93Pessolano, Tammy, 27

Piot, P., 67Pittman, K. A., 55Pohlod, Donald J., 104Prober, Charles, 52

Radwanski, Elaine, 84Rodriguez, Fernando C., 132Rolston, Kenneth V. I., 102Ronald, A. R., 67

Sakly, Rachid, 88Saravolatz, Louis D., 104Savani, Dora V., 6Schlesinger, Paul H., 32Schwartz, J., 21Segreti, John, 100Shigeta, S., 76Shyu, W. C., 55Skold, Ola, 60Smith, Sandra A., 46Snipes, Wallace, 93Soldin, Steve, 52Somerville, Margaret M., 104Stevens, S. Edward, Jr., 93Straubinger, Robert M., 37Sundstrom, Lars, 60Symchowicz, Samson, 84

Tancrede, Cyrille, 124Thormar, Halldor, 27Threlkeld, Norma, 81Trenholme, Gordon M., 100

Vaziri, Nostratola, 114Vinayagamoorthy, T., 60

Wahren, B., 76Waits, V. B., 111Warner, Susan C., 93Woolfrey, Bert F., 16

Yajko, David M., 117Yousefi, Shookooh, 114

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Jan. 1987

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

HOW TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTSSubmit manuscripts directly to the ASM Publications

Department, 1913 I St., N.W., Washington, DC 20006.Since all submissions must be processed through thisoffice, alternate routings, such as to an editor, willdelay initiation of the review process. The manuscriptshould be accompanied by a covering letter stating thefollowing: the journal to which the manuscript is beingsubmitted, the most appropriate section of the journal,the address and telephone number of the correspond-ing author, and the former ASM manuscript numberand year if it is a resubmission. In addition, includewritten proof that permission to cite personal commu-nications and preprints has been granted.Submit three complete copies of each manuscript,

including figures and tables. Type every portion of themanuscript double spaced, including figure legends,table footnotes, and Literature Cited, and number allpages in sequence, including the abstract, figure leg-ends, and tables. Place the last two items after theLiterature Cited section. See p. v-vi for detailedinstructions about illustrations.Copies of "in press" and "submitted" manuscripts

that are important for judgment of the present manu-script should be enclosed to facilitate the review. Onecopy of each such manuscript should be provided witheach copy of the new manuscript.Authors who are unsure of proper English usage

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EDITORIAL POLICYManuscripts submitted to the journal must represent

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All authors of a manuscript must have agreed to itssubmission and are equally responsible for its content,including appropriate citations and acknowledgments.

Failure to comply with the above-mentioned policymay result in a 3- to 5-year suspension of publishingprivileges in ASM journals. (For further details, seethe minutes of the March 1984 Publications Boardmeeting, ASM News 50:260-263, 1984.)

Primary PublicationThe American Society for Microbiology accepts the

definition of primary publication as defined in How toWrite and Publish a Scientific Paper, second edition,by Robert A. Day, to wit: ". . . (i) the first publication

of original research results, (ii) in a form wherebypeers of the author can repeat the experiments and testthe conclusions, and (iii) in a journal or other sourcedocument [emphasis added] readily available withinthe scientific community."A scientific paper published in a conference report,

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on scientific grounds or on the basis of its generalsuitability for publication is considered rejected by allother ASM journals.

Culture DepositionAAC encourages authors to deposit strains used in

therapeutic activity assessments and studies on mech-anisms of action, resistance, and cross resistance inpublicly accessible culture collections and to refer tothe collections and strain numbers in the text. Sinceauthenticity of subcultures of culture collection spec-imens that are distributed by individuals cannot beassured, authors should indicate laboratory strain des-ignations and donor source as well as original culturecollection identification numbers. When authors de-scribe mutants for which genetic stock repositorieshave not been established or strains that have not beendeposited in publicly accessible collections, the jour-nal expects that the authors will make such strainsavailable to other microbiologists.

Editorial StyleThe editorial style of ASM journals conforms to the

CBE Style Manual (5th ed., 1983; Council of BiologyEditors, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Md.),ASM Style Manualfor Journals and Books (AmericanSociety for Microbiology, 1985), Robert A. Day's Howto Write and Publish a Scientific Paper (2nd ed., 1983;ISI Press), and Scientific Writing for Graduate Stu-dents (Council of Biology Editors, Inc., 1968), asinterpreted and modified by the editors and the ASMPublications Department. The editors and the Publica-tions Department reserve the privilege of editingmanuscripts to conform with the stylistic conventionsset forth in the aforesaid publications and in theseinstructions.

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acceptable for publication on the basis of scientificmerit, it is sent to the Publications Department, whereit is checked by the production editor. If the manu-script has been prepared according to the criteria setforth in these Instructions, it is scheduled for the nextavailable issue and an acceptance letter that indicatesthe month of publication, approximate page proofdates, and section is mailed to the correspondingauthor. The editorial staff of the ASM PublicationsDepartment completes the editing of the manuscript tobring it into conformity with prescribed style andEnglish usage.

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Regular PapersRegular full-length papers should include the ele-

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Title. Each manuscript should present the results ofan independent, cohesive study; thus, numbered se-ries titles are not permitted. Exercise care in compos-ing a title. Avoid the main title/subtitle arrangement,complete sentences, and unnecessary articles. On thetitle page, include the title, running title (not to exceed54 characters and spaces), name of each author,address(es) of the institution(s) at which the work wasperformed, and each author's affiliation or a footnoteindicating the present address of any author no longer

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Introduction. The introduction should supply suffi-cient background information to allow the reader tounderstand and evaluate the results of the presentstudy without referring to previous publications on thetopic. The introduction should also provide the ratio-nale for the study. References should be chosen care-fully to provide the most salient background ratherthan an exhaustive review of the topic.

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experiments reported in the paper may be described inthe Results section or very briefly (one or two sen-tences) in a table footnote or figure legend.

Results. In the Results section, include the rationaleor design of the experiments as well as the results;reserve extensive interpretation of the results for theDiscussion section. Present the results as concisely aspossible in one of the following: text, table(s), orfigure(s). Avoid extensive use of graphs to presentdata that might be more concisely or more quantita-

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tively presented in the text or tables. Limit photo-graphs (particularly photomicrographs and electronmicrographs) to those that are absolutely necessary toshow the experimental findings. Number figures andtables in the order in which they are cited in the text,and be sure that all figures and tables are cited.

Discussion. The Discussion should provide an inter-pretation of the results in relation to previously pub-lished work and to the experimental system at handand should not contain extensive repetition of theResults section or reiteration of the introduction. Inshort papers, the Results and Discussion sections maybe combined.

Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments of financialassistance and of personal assistance are given inseparate paragraphs. The usual format for acknowl-edgment for grant support is as follows: "This workwas supported in part by Public Health Service grantCA-01234 from the National Cancer Institute."

Appendixes. Appendixes, which contain supplemen-tary material to aid the reader, are permitted. Titles,authors, and Literature Cited sections that are distinctfrom those of the primary article are not allowed. If itis not feasible to list the author(s) of the appendix inthe by-line or the Acknowledgment section of theprimary article, rewrite the appendix so that it can beconsidered for publication as an independent article,either full length or Note style. Equations, tables, andfigures should be labeled with the letter "A" precedingthe numeral to distinguish them from those cited in themain body of the text.

Literature Cited. The Literature Cited section mustinclude all relevant published work, and all listedreferences must be cited in the text. Arrange thecitations in alphabetical order by first author andnumber consecutively. (Abbreviate journal names ac-cording to Serial Sources for the BIOSIS Data Base,BioSciences Information Service, 1986.) Cite eachlisted reference by number in the text.The following types of references are not valid for

listing: unpublished data, personal communications,manuscripts in preparation, manuscripts submitted,"in press" references, pamphlets, abstracts, patents,theses, dissertations, newsletters, letters to the editor,and material that has not been subjected to peerreview. References to such sources should be madeparenthetically in the text. An "in press" reference toan ASM publication should state the control number(e.g., AAC 576-87) or the name of the publication if itis a book.Follow the styles shown in the examples below.

1. Andrews, F. A., W. G. Beggs, and G. A. Sarosi. 1977.Influence of antioxidants on the bioactivity ofamphotericin B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.11:615-619.

2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, and R. E.Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirements for enzyme inhi-bition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schles-singer (ed.), Microbiology-1977. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

3. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding.1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co-ordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

4. Gill, T. J., III. 1976. Principles of radioimmunoassay, p.169-171. In N. R. Rose and H. Friedman (ed.), Manual ofclinical immunology, 1st ed. American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

5. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomennovum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons(ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8thed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

6. Sacks, L. E. 1972. Influence of intra- and extracellularcations on the germination of bacterial spores, p. 437-442.In H. 0. Halvorson, R. Hanson, and L. L. Campbell(ed.), Spores V. American Society for Microbiology,Washington, D.C.

7. Winshell, E. B., C. Cherubin, J. Winter, and H. C. Neu.1970. Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in the easternUnited States, p. 86-89. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.1969.

Parenthetical references in the text should be citedas follows:... and protects the organisms against oxygen toxic-ity (H. P. Misra and I. Fridovich, Fed. Proc. 35:1686,1976).. . . system was used (W. E. Scowcroft, A. H. Gibson,and J. D. Pagan, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,in press).... linkage groups XIV (D. R. Smyth, Ph.D. thesis,University of California, Los Angeles, 1972).... in poly mitochondria (S. E. Mainzer and C. W.Slayman, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol.1976, K15, p. 139).. . . diabetes in mice (R. D. Powers, W. M. Dotson,Jr., and F. G. Hayden, Program Abstr. 22nd Intersci.Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. no. 448,1982).

NotesSubmit Notes in the same way as full-length papers.

They receive the same review, and they are neitherpublished more rapidly than full-length papers norconsidered preliminary communications. The Noteformat is intended for the presentation of brief obser-vations that do not warrant full-length papers.Each Note must have an abstract of no more than 50

words. Do not use section headings in the body of theNote; report methods, results, and discussion in asingle section. Paragraph lead-ins are permissible. Thetext is not to exceed 1,000 words, and the number offigures and tables should be kept to a minimum.Materials and methods should be described in the text,not in figure legends or table footnotes. Present ac-knowledgments as in full-length papers, but do not use

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a heading. The Literature Cited section is identical tothat of full-length papers.

MinireviewsMinireviews are brief summaries (limit of six printed

pages) of developments in fast-moving areas of chemo-therapy. They must be based on previously publishedarticles: they are not outlets for unpublished data.They may address any subject within the scope ofAAC. For example, subject matter may range'fromstructure-activity correlate-s among a group of semi-synthetic cephalosporins to the comparative efficaciesof new and old drugs in the prevention or treatment ofdiseases of microbial origin in humans. Minireviewsmay be either solicited'or proffered by authors re-sponding to a recognized need. Irrespective of origin,minireviews are subject to editorial review.

Letters to the EditorLetters to the Editor must include data to support

the writer's argument and be no more than 500 wordslong. Send letters to the Publications Department.They will be processed and sent to the appropriateeditor for consideration. For letters that refer to arti-cles previously published in AAC, the editor willsolicit a reply from the author of the article and makea recommendation to the editor in chief.

ErrataThe Erratum section provides a means of correcting

errors (e.g., typographical) in published articles'.Changes in data and the addition of new material arenot permitted. Send errata directly to the PublicationsDepartment.

Author's CorrectionsThe Author's Correction section provides a means

of adding citations that were overlooked in a publishedarticle. The author who failed to cite a reference andthe author whose paper was not cited must agree tosuch a publication; the editor, editor in chief, chairmanof the Publications Board, and director of publicationswill not be involved. Letters from both authors mustaccompany the author's correction sent to the Publi-cations Department.

DisclaimersStatements disclaiming governmental or any other

type of endorsement or approval will be deleted by thePublications Department.

ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLESThe figure number and authors' names should be

written on all figures, either in the margin or on theback (marked lightly with a soft pencil). For micro-graphs especially, the top should be indicated as well.Do not clasp figures to each other or to the manu-

script with paper clips. Insert small figures in anenvelope if necessary.

Continuous-Tone PhotographsWhen submitting continuous-tone photographs

(e.g., polyacrylamide gels), keep in mind the journalpage size: 35/16 inches for a single column and 60/8inches for a double column (maximum). Include onlythe significant portion of the illustration. Each must beof sufficient contrast to withstand the inevitable loss ofcontrast and detail inherent in the printing process.Submit one photograph of each continuous-tone figurefor each copy of the manuscript; photocopies are notacceptable. If pos'sible, the figures submitted should bethe size they will appear when published so that noreduction is needed. If they must be reduced, makesure that all elements, including labeling, can with-stand reduction and remain legible. If a figure is acomposite of a continiuous-tone photograph and adrawing or labeling, the tone should be mounted on theoriginal drawing (i.e., do not submit a photograph ofthe composite).

Electron and light micrographs must be direct cop-ies of the original negative. Indicate the magnificationwith a scale marker on each micrograph.

Color PhotographsColor photographs are discouraged. However, if

they are necessary, include an extra copy so that acost estimate for printing may be obtained. The cost ofprinting color photographs must be borne by theauthor.

DrawingsSubmit graphs, charts, diagrams, and other drawings

as glossy photographs made from finished drawings notrequiring additional artwork or typesetting. No part ofthe graph or drawing should be typewritten. Use alettering set or other professional-quality device for alllabeling. Both axes of a graph must be labeled. Mostgraphs will be reduced to one-column width (35/16inches), and all elements in the drawing should belarge enough to withstand this reduction. Avoid heavyletters, which tend to close up when reduced, andunusual symbols, which the printer may not be able toreproduce in the legend. Two of the three sets ofdrawings may consist of photocopies; the other, how-ever, must consist of photographs.

In figure ordinate and abscissa scales (as well astable column headings), avoid ambiguous use of num-bers with exponents. Usually, it is preferable to usethe International System of Units (t for 106, m fori0-3, k for 103, M for 106, etc.). A complete listing ofSI symbols can be found in the International Union ofPure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) "Manual ofSymbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quan-tities and Units" (Pure Appl. Chem. 21:3-44, 1970).Thus, a representation of 20,000 cpm on a figureordinate should be made by the number 20, accompa-nied by the label kcpm.When powers of 10 must be used, the journal

suggests that the exponent power be associated withthe number shown. In representing 20,000 cells per ml,

v


the numeral on the ordinate would be "2" and thelabel would be "104 cells per ml" (not "cells per ml x10-n"). Likewise, an enzyme activity of 0.06 U/mlwould be shown as 6, accompanied by the label -10-2U/ml." The preferred designation would be "60mU/ml" (milliunits per milliliter).

Figure LegendsLegends should provide enough information so that

the figure is understandable without frequent referenceto the text. However, detailed experimental methodsmust be described in the Materials and Methodssection, not in a figure legend. A method that is uniqueto one of several experiments may be set forth in alegend only if the description is very brief (one or twosentences). Define all symbols and abbreviations usedin the figure that have not been defined elsewhere.

TablesType each table on a separate page. Arrange the

data so that columns of like material read down, notacross. The headings should be sufficiently clear sothat the meaning of the data will be understandablewithout reference to the text. See the Abbreviationssection of these instructions for those that may be usedin tables. Explanatory footnotes are acceptable, butmore extensive table "legends" are not. Footnotesshould not include detailed descriptions of the exper-iment. Table 1 is an example of a well-constructedtable.Avoid tables (or figures) of raw data on drug sus-

ceptibility, therapeutic activity, or toxicity. Such datashould be analyzed by an approved procedure and theresults presented in tabular form.

Camera-Ready CopyDrawings, tables, chemical formulas, etc., that can

be photographically reproduced for publication with-out further typesetting or artwork are referred to as"camera ready." Camera-ready copy must be carefullyprepared to conform to the style of AAC. It should notbe hand lettered. The advantages of submitting cam-era-ready copy are that no second proofreading isnecessary and the material will appear exactly as

TABLE 1. Distribution of protein and ATPase in fractions ofdialyzed membranesa

ATPaseMembranes Fraction U/mgpof Total U

protein ToaU

Control Depleted 0.036 2.3membrane

Concentrated 0.134 4.82supernatant

El treated Depleted 0.034 1.98membrane

Concentrated 0.11 4.6supernatant

a Specific activities of ATPase of nondepleted membranes from control andtreated bacteria were 0.21 and 0.20, respectively.

envisioned by the author. This is particularly advan-tageous when there are long, complicated tables andwhen the division of material and spacing are impor-tant.

NOMENCLATURE

Chemical and Biochemical NomenclatureThe recognized authority for the names of chemical

compounds is Chemical Abstracts (Chemical Ab-stracts Service, Ohio State University, Columbus) andits indexes. For guidelines to the use of biochemicalterminology, consult the following: Biochemical No-menclature and Related Documents, 1978, reprintedfor The-Biochemical Society, London; the instructionsto authors of the Journal ofBiological Chemistry andthe Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (firstissues of each year); and the Handbook of Biochem-istry and Molecular Biology (G. D. Fasman, ed., 3rded., 1976, CRC Press, Inc.).

Molecular weights should not be expressed indaltons; molecular weight is a unitless ratio. Molecularmass is expressed in daltons.For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) name

as assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of theInternational Union of Biochemistry as described inEnzyme Nomenclature (Academic Press, Inc., 1984).If a nonrecommended name is used, place the proper(trivial) name in parentheses at first use in the abstractand text. Use the EC number when one has beenassigned, and express enzyme activity either in katals(preferred) or in the older system of micromoles perminute.

Nomenclature of MicroorganismsBinary names, consisting of a generic name and a

specific epithet (e.g., Escherichia coli), must be usedfor all microorganisms. Names of higher categoriesmay be used alone, but specific and subspecific epi-thets may not. A specific epithet must be preceded bya generic name the first time it is used in a paper.Thereafter, the generic name should be abbreviated tothe initial capital letter (e.g., E. coli), provided therecan be no confusion with other genera used in thepaper. Names of all taxa (phyla [for fungi, divisionsi,classes, orders, families, genera, species, subspecies)are printed in italics and should be underlined in themanuscript; strain designations and numbers are not.The spelling of bacterial names should follow the

Approved Lists ofBacterial Names (American Societyfor Microbiology, 1980) and the subsequent validationlists and relevant articles published in the Interna-tional Journal of Systematic Bacteriology since 1980.If there is reason to use a name that does not havestanding in nomenclature, the name should be en-closed in quotation marks and an appropriate state-ment concerning the nomenclatural status of the nameshould be made in the text (for an example, see Int. J.Syst. Bacteriol. 30:547-556, 1980).

Since the classification of fungi is not complete, it is

Vi


the responsibility of the author to determine the ac-cepted binomial for a given yeast or mold. Somesources for the spelling of these names include TheYeasts: a Taxonomic Study (3rd ed., N. J. W. Kreger-van Rij, ed., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1984)and Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi,Including the Lichens, 6th ed. (Commonwealth Myco-logical Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1971).Names used for viruses should be those approved

by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vi-ruses (ICTV) and published in the 4th Report of theICTV Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses(Intervirology 17:23-199, 1982). If desired, synonymsmay be added parenthetically when the name is firstmentioned. Approved generic (or group) and familynames may also be used.

Microorganisms, viruses, and plasmids should begiven designations consisting of letters and serial num-bers. It is generally advisable to include a worker'sinitials or a descriptive symbol of locale, laboratory,etc., in the designation. Each new strain, mutant,isolate, or derivative should be given a new (serial)designation. This designation should be distinct fromthose of the genotype and phenotype, and genotypicand phenotypic symbols should not be included.

Genetic NomenclatureBacteria. The genetic properties of bacteria are

described in terms of phenotypes and genotypes. Thephenotype designation describes the observable prop-erties of an organism. The- genotype refers to thegenetic constitution of an organism, usually in refer-ence to some standard wild type. Use the recommen-dations of Demerec et al. (Genetics 54:61-76, 1966) asa guide to the use of these terms.

(i) Phenotype designations must be used when mu-tant loci have not been identified or mapped. Pheno-type designations generally consist of three-letter sym-bols; these are not italicized and the first letter of thesymbol is capitalized. It is preferable to use roman orarabic numerals (instead of letters) to identify a seriesof related phenotypes. Thus, a series of nucleic acidpolymerase mutants might be designated Poll, Pol2,Pol3, etc. Wild-type characteristics can be designatedwith a superscript plus (Pol+) and, when necessary forclarity, negative superscripts (Pol-) can be used todesignate mutant characteristics. Lowercase super-script letters may be used to further delineate pheno-types (e.g., Strs for streptomycin susceptibility). Phe-notype designations should be defined.

(ii) Genotype designations are similarly indicated bythree-letter locus symbols. In contrast to phenotypedesignations, these are lowercase italic (e.g., ara hisrps). If several loci govern related functions, these aredistinguished by italicized capital letters following thelocus symbol (e.g., araA araB araC). Promoter, ter-minator, and operator sites should be indicated asdescribed by Bachmann and Low (Microbiol. Rev.44:1-56, 1980): e.g., lac2p, lacAt, and lac2o.

(iii) Wild-type alleles are indicated with a super-

script plus (ara+ his'). When the genotype of anorganism is being specified in a table, a superscriptminus is not used to indicate a mutant locus. Else-where, a superscript minus may be used to distinguishbetween the symbol of a mutant allele and that of agenetic locus. However, this distinction is best madein context, and thus one refers to an ara mutant ratherthan an ara- strain.

(iv) Mutation sites are designated by placing serialisolation numbers (allele numbers) after the locussymbol (e.g., araAl araA2). If only a single such locusexists or if it is not known in which of several relatedloci the mutation has occurred, a hyphen is usedinstead of the capital letter (e.g., ara-23). It is essentialin papers reporting the isolation of new mutants thatallele numbers be given to the mutations. ForEscherichia coli, there is a registry of such numbers:E. coli Genetic Stock Center, Department of Biology,Yale University, P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, CT06511-7444. For Salmonella, the registry is: Salmo-nella Genetic Stock Center, Department of Biology,University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4Canada. For Bacillus, the registry is: Bacillus GeneticStock Center, Ohio State University, Columbus. Aregistry of allele numbers and insertions elements(omega [fl] numbers) for chromosomal mutations andchromosomal insertions of transposons and other in-sertion elements has been established in conjunctionwith the ISP collection of Staphylococcus aureus atIowa State University. Blocks of allele numbers and flnumbers are assigned to laboratories on request. Re-quests for blocks of numbers and additional informa-tion can be obtained from Peter A. Pattee, Departmentof Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011. A registry of plasmid designations is maintainedby the Plasmid Reference Center, Department of Med-ical Microbiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305.

(v) The use of superscripts with genotypes (otherthan + to indicate wild-type alleles) should beavoided. Designations indicating amber mutations(Am), temperature-sensitive mutations (Ts), constitu-tive mutations (Con), cold-sensitive mutations (Cs),and production of a hybrid protein (Hyb) should followthe allele number [e.g., araA230(Am) hisD21(Ts)]. Allother such designations of phenotype must be definedat the first occurrence. If superscripts must be used,they must be approved by the editor and they must bedefined at the first occurrence.

(vi) Deletions are indicated by the symbol A placedbefore the deleted gene or region, e.g., AtrpA432,A(aroP-aceE)419, or Ahis(dhuA hisJ hisQ)1256. Simi-larly, other symbols can be used (with appropriatedefinition). Thus, a fusion of the ara and lac operonscan be shown as (D(ara-lac)95. Similarly, D(araB'-lacZ+)96 indicates that the fusion results in a truncatedaraB gene fused to an intact lacZ, and D(malE-lacZ)97(Hyb) shows that a hybrid protein is synthe-sized. An inversion is shown as IN(rrnD-rrnE)1. Aninsertion of an E. coli his gene into plasmid pSC101 at

.ii


zero kilobases (O kb) is shown as pSC101 fl(Okb::K-12hisB)4. An alternative designation of an insertioncan be used in simple cases, e.g., galT236::Tn5. Thenumber 236 refers to the locus of the insertion, and ifthe strain carries an additional gal mutation, it is listedseparately. Additional examples, which utilize aslightly different format, can be found in the papers byCampbell et al. and Novick et al. cited below. It isimportant in reporting the construction of strains inwhich a mobile element was inserted and subsequentlydeleted that this latter fact be noted in the strain table.This can be done by listing the genotype of the strainused as an intermediate, in a table footnote, or by adirect or parenthetical remark in the genotype, e.g.,(F-), AMu cts, mal::AMu cts::lac. In setting paren-thetical remarks within the genotype or dividing thegenotype into constituent elements, parentheses andsquare brackets are used without special meaning;square brackets are used outside parentheses. Toindicate the presence of an episome, parentheses (orbrackets) are used (X, F+). Reference to an integratedepisome is indicated as described above for insertedelements, and an exogenote is shown as, for example,W3110/F'8(gal+).Any deviations from standard genetic nomenclature

should be defined in Materials and Methods or in atable of strains. For more detailed information aboutgenetic maps of locus symbols in current use, consultBachmann (Microbiol. Rev. 47:180-230, 1983) for E.coli K-12, Sanderson and Roth (Microbiol. Rev.47:410-453, 1983) for Salmonella typhimurium,Holloway et al. (Microbiol. Rev. 43:73-102, 1979) forPseudomonas, Piggot and Hoch (Microbiol. Rev.49:158-179, 1985) for Bacillus subtilis, Perkins et al.(Microbiol. Rev. 46:426-570, 1982) for Neurosporacrassa, and Mortimer and Schild (Microbiol. Rev.49:181-213, 1985) for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Foryeasts, Chlamydomonas, and several fungal species,symbols such as those given in the Handbook ofMicrobiology (A. I. Laskin and H. A. Lechevalier,ed., CRC Press, Inc., 1974) should be used.

"Mutant" vs. "mutation." Keep in mind the distinc-tion between a mutation (an alteration of the primarysequence of the genetic material) and a mutant (astrain carrying one or more mutations). One mayspeak about the mapping of a mutation, but one cannotmap a mutant. Likewise, a mutant has no geneticlocus, only a phenotype.

Strain designations. Do not use a genotype as a name(e.g., ". . . subsequent use of leuC6 for transduction. . ."). If a strain designation has not been chosen,select an appropriate word combination (e.g., "an-other strain containing the leuC6 mutation"). For adiscussion of the use of patients' initials in straindesignations, see "Patient Identification" below.

Viruses. The genetic nomenclature for viruses dif-fers from that for bacteria. In most instances, viruses

have no phenotype, since they have no metabolismoutside host cells. Therefore, distinctions betweenphenotype and genotype cannot be made. Superscriptsare used to indicate hybrid genomes. Genetic symbolsmay be one, two, or three letters. For example, amutant strain of A might be designated as A Aamll int2red1l4 c1857; this strain carries mutations in genes cI,int, and red and an amber-suppressible (am) mutationin gene A. A strain designated x att434 imm21 wouldrepresent a hybrid of phage A which carries the immu-nity region (imm) of phage, 21 and the attachment (att)region of phage 434. Host DNA. insertions into virusesshould be delineated by square brackets, and thegenetic symbols and designations for such insertedDNA should conform to those used for the hostgenome. Genetic symbols for phage can be found inSzybalski and Szybalski (Gene 7:217-270, 1979) and inEchols and Murialdo (Microbiol. Rev. 42:577-591,1978).

Transposable elements, plasmids, and restriction en-zymes. Nomenclature of transposable elements (inser-tion sequences, transposons, phage Mu, etc.) shouldfollow the recommendations of Campbell et al. (Gene5:197-206, 1979), with the modifications given in sec-tion vi. The system of designating transposon inser-tions at sites where there art no known loci, e.g.,zef-123::Tn5, has been described by Chumley et al.(Genetics 91:639-655, 1979). The nomenclature rec-ommendations of Novick et al. (Bacteriol. Rev.40:168-189, 1976) for plasmids and plasmid-specifiedactivities, of Low (Bacteriol. Rev., 36:587-607, 1972)for F-prime factors, and of Roberts (Nucleic AcidsRes. 9:r75-r96, 1981) for restriction enzymes andDNA fragments derived from treatment with theseenzymes should be used whenever possible. Recom-binant DNA molecules, constructed in vitro, followthe nomenclature for insertions in general. DNA in-serted into recombinant DNA molecules should bed,escribed by using the gene symbols and conventionsfor the organism from which the DNA was obtained.The Plasmid Reference Center, Stanford UniversitySchool of Medicine, Stanford, Calif., 94304, assignsTn and IS numbers to avoid conflicting and repetitiveuse and also clears nonconflicting plasmid prefix des-ignations.

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS

Patient IdentificationWhen isolates are derived from patients in clinical

studies, do not identify them by using the patients'initials, even as part of a strain designation. Changethe initials to arabic numerals or use randomly chosenletters. Do not give hospital unit numbers; if a desig-nation is needed, use only the last two digits of theunit. (Note: Established designations of some virusesand cell lines, although they consist of initials, areacceptable [e.g., JC virus, BK virus, HeLa cells].)Do not identify patients by race, country or region

. . .


of origin, or occupation unless the relevance of thisinformation is readily apparent or demonstrated in thetext.

Verb TenseUse the past tense to narrate particular events in the

past, including the procedures, observations, and dataof the study you are reporting. Use the present tensefor general statements, including your own generalconclusions, the conclusions of previous researchers,and generally accepted facts. In addition, the presenttense should be used for discourse having an immedi-ate effect on the reader ("the data indicate"; "Fig. 1shows").

AbbreviationsGeneral. It is strongly recommended that all abbre-

viations except those listed below be introduced in thefirst paragraph in Materials and Methods. Alterna-tively, define each abbreviation and introduce it inparentheses the first time it is used; e.g., "cultureswere grown in Eagle minimal essential medium(MEM)." Generally, eliminate abbreviations that arenot used at least five times in the text (including tablesand figure legends). Abbreviations should be usedprimarily as an aid to the reader, rather than as aconvenience to the author, and therefore their useshould be limited. Abbreviations other than thoserecommended by the IUPAC-IUB (Biochemical No-menclature and Related Documents, 1978) should beused only when a case can be made for necessity, suchas in tables and figures.

It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrasea long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "thesubstrate"). Standard chemical symbols and trivialnames or their symbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) may beused for terms that appear in full in the neighboringtext.

Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia-tions for standard units of measurement and chemicalsymbols of the elements, the following should be usedwithout definition in the title, abstract, text, figurelegends, and tables: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid);cDNA (complementary DNA); RNA (ribonucleicacid); cRNA (complementary RNA); RNase (ribonu-clease); DNase (deoxyribonuclease); rRNA(ribosomal RNA); mRNA (messenger RNA); tRNA(transfer RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP, dAMP, ddATP,GTP, etc. (for the respective 5' phosphates ofadenosine or other nucleosides) (add 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-when needed for contrast); ATPase, dGTPase, etc.(adenosine triphosphatase, deoxyguanosinetriphosphatase, etc.); NAD (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide); NAD+ (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide, oxidized); NADH (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide, reduced); NADP (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate); NADPH (nicotinamide ade-nine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced); poly(A),poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylic acid, polydeoxy-

thymidylic acid, etc.); oligo(dT), etc. (oligodeoxy-thymidylic acid, etc.); Pi (orthophosphate); PP1(pyrophosphate); UV (ultraviolet); PFU (plaque-forming units); CFU (colony-forming units); MIC(minimal inhibitory concentration); MBC (minimalbactericidal concentration); Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane]; DEAE (diethylaminoethyl); A260(absorbance at 260 nm); and EDTA (ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid). Abbreviations for cell lines(e.g., HeLa) also need not be defined.The following abbreviations should be used without

definition in tables:

amt (amount)approx (approximately)avg (average)concn (concentration)diam (diameter)expt (experiment)ht (height)mo (month)mol wt (molecular weight)no. (number)prepn (preparation)SD (standard deviation)

SE (standard error)SEM (standard error of themean)

sp act (specific activity)sp gr (specific gravity)temp (temperature)tr (trace)vol (volume)vs (versus)wk (week)wt (weight)yr (year)

Pharmacokinetic parameters. Abbreviations andsymbols for pharmacokinetic parameters must be in-troduced at their first occurrence in the text. Thosemost commonly used are: a (or a phase), distributionphase; [ (or 3 phase), elimination phase; A, zero-timeintercept for a phase; B, zero-time intercept for [Bphase; AUC, area under the concentration-time curve;AUMC, area under the first moment of the concentra-tion-time curve; AUCO-24, AUCOc, etc., area underthe concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h, 0 h to oo,etc.; CL, clearance; CLR, renal clearance; CLNR,nonrenal clearance; CLCR, creatinine clearance; Cmax,maximum concentration of drug in serum; Tmax, timeto maximum concentration of drug in serum; Vmax,maximum rate of metabolism; X)l-2, drug concentra-tion in urine between t1 and t2; V, volume of distribu-tion; Vss, volume of distribution at steady state; V1,volume of distribution of the central compartment; kel,elimination rate constant; kss, residence rate constantat steady state; t112, half-life; tl,2a, half-life at ao phase;t1/21, half-life at X phase. For other symbols, see M.Rowland and G. Tucker (J. Pharmokinet. Biopharm.8:497-507, 1980).

Drugs and Pharmaceutical AgentsThe use of "nonstandard" abbreviations to desig-

nate names of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticalagents generally will not be accepted, because the useof different abbreviations for a single agent has oftencaused confusion. If, on occasion, a nonstandardizedabbreviation for a drug or pharmaceutical substance isused, it will be accepted under the following condi-tions: (i) it must be defined in an abbreviation para-graph in Materials and Methods or at the first use inthe text; (ii) it must be clear and unambiguous in

iX


meaning; and (iii) it must contribute to ease of assim-ilation by readers.Chemical or generic names of drugs should be used;

the use of trade names is not permitted. When codenumbers must be used, the chemical formula of thedrug, if known, must be provided at the first occur-rence of the code name.

P-Lactamase AssaysStudies performed to characterize a 13-lactamase or

the interaction of a compound with a ,-lactamase (i.e.,as a substrate, inhibitor, or inducer) should follow theguidelines set forth by Bush and Sykes (Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 30:6-10, 1986). Assays that mea-sure the hydrolysis of 3-lactam antibiotics must beappropriate for the substrate examined (e.g., iodo-metric methods are not appropriate quantitative as-says for substrates whose products are unknown).Reproducibility of results must be shown.

In Vitro Susceptibility TestsTabulate results of determinations of minimal inhib-

itory and bactericidal concentrations according to therange of concentrations of each antimicrobial agentrequired to inhibit or kill the members of a species orof each group of microorganisms tested, as well as thecorresponding concentrations required to inhibit or kill50 and 90% of the strains. When only six to nineisolates of a species are tested, tabulate only the MICrange and approximate MIC50 of each antimicrobialagent tested. When fewer than six isolates of a species

TABLE 1. MICs for isolates

Organism MIC for individual(no. of isolates) isolatesa (ug/ml)

E. ennisi (2) ............. 0.3, 0.6E. schmidti (4)......... 0.322, >1002E. washingtoni (5) ...........0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8

a The inferior number is the number of isolates with the MIC indicated.

are tested, tabulate the MICs of each in a separatetable as illustrated below.If more than a single drug is studied, insert a columnlabeled "Test agent" between the present columnsand record data for each agent in the same isolateorder. Cumulative displays of MICs or MBCs in tablesor figures are acceptable only under unusual circum-stances.

Bactericidal tests must be performed with a suffi-cient inoculum (>5 x 105 CFU/ml) and subculturevolume (0.01 ml) to ensure accurate determination ofthe 99.9% killing endpoint, as described by Pearson etal. (R. D. Pearson, R. T. Steigbigel, H. T. Davis, andS. W. Chapman, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.18:699-708, 1980) and Taylor et al. (P. C. Taylor, F. D.Schoenknecht, J. C. Sherris, and E. C. Linner, Anti-microb. Agents Chemother. 23:142-150, 1983).Inoculum size and subculture volume are also critical

to studies of combinations of antimicrobial agents.Synergy is defined in two-dimensional or checker-board tests when the fractional inhibitory concentra-tion (FIC) or fractional bactericidal concentration(FBC) index (Y) is O0.5. In killing curve tests, synergyis defined as a -2-log1o decrease in CFU/ml betweenthe combination and its most active constituent after24 h. At least one of the drugs must be present in aconcentration which does not affect the growth curveof the test organism when used alone. Antagonism isdefined by a IFIC or YFBC > 4.0.

Sensitivity and Susceptibility to DrugsKeep in mind that there is a distinction between

"sensitivity" and "susceptibility." In general, "sen-sitivity" should be used in contexts that concernmechanisms of drug action or resistance. "Suscepti-bility" should be used in contexts that concern grossdrug-organism interactions, such as death or inhibitionof growth.

Reporting Numerical DataStandard metric units are used for reporting length,

weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity,use the prefixes m, ,u, n, and p for 10-3, 10-6, 10-9,and 10-12, respectively. Likewise, use the prefix k for103. Avoid compound prefixes such as m,u or ,u,u. Use,ug/ml or ,ug/g in place of mg/liter or mg/kg or theambiguous ppm. Units of temperature are presented asfollows: 37°C or 324 K.When fractions are used to express units such as

enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use wholeunits, such as g or min, in the denominator instead offractional or multiple units such as ,ug or 10 min. Forexample, "pmol/min" would be preferable to"nmol/10 min," and ",umol/g" would be preferable to".f.nmol/,uwg."9

It is also preferable that an unambiguous form suchas the exponential notation be used instead of multipleslashes; for example, ",umol g-1 min-m" is preferableto ",umol/g per min."

See the CBE Style Manual, 5th edition, for moredetailed information about reporting numbers. Alsocontained in this source is information on the appro-priate SI units for the reporting of illumination, en-ergy, frequency, pressure, and other physical terms.

Isotopically Labeled CompoundsFor simple molecules, labeling is indicated in the

chemical formula (e.g., 14CO2, 3H20, H235S04).Brackets are not used when the isotopic symbol isattached to a word that is not a specific chemical name(e.g., 1311-labeled protein, 14C-amino acids, 3H-ligands, etc.).For specific chemicals, the symbol for the isotope

introduced is placed in square brackets directly pre-ceding the part of the name that describes the labeledentity. Note that configuration symbols and modifiers

x


precede the isotopic symbol. The following examplesillustrate correct usage:

["4C]ureaL-[methyl-14C]methionine[2,3-3H]serine[a-'4C]lysine

UDP-[U-14C]glucoseE. coli [32P]DNAfructose 1,6-[1-32P]bisphos-

phate

[e-32P]ATP

This journal follows the same conventions for iso-topic labeling as the Journal of Biological Chemistry,and more detailed information can be found in theinstructions to authors of that journal (first issue ofeach year).

xi

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ADDRESSWHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCRIPTIONS

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PHONE( ) ( ) YEAR OFSIRTH SEX_OFFICE (01) HOME (02)

HIGHEST DEGREE MAJOR FIELD OF STUDY

SCHOOL

SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATE_SIGNATURE OF CHAIRMANOF MAJOR DEPARTMENT MEMBER#I

*NOMINATED BY MEMBER# lllllllISIGNATURE OF ASM MEMBER

If your departmental chairman is a member of the ASM, a nominating signature is not required. if you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, youcan still send in this member application form and we will contact you. Be sure to include your dues.

Member How did you learn about the ASM? (Check one):Information c] A colleague Oi An advertisement in a journal Li Presenting a paper at an ASM meeting

Oi A professor O Direct mail inquiry Li An ASM BranchLi An ASM journal L A workshop, conference or meeting Li None of the above

Journals Please check:O Enclosed is my dues payment, includes ASM News (in U.S. dollars only) ................................. $10Li Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

U.S. Non-U.S. AmountAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ....................... $35 $51 ...... $ AAApplied and Environmental Microbiology ....................... 35 ...... 51 ......_ AEMolecular and Cellular Biology ............................... ... 57 ......_ CBInfection and Immunity .................................. 41 .. 56 ...... IAInternational Journal of Systematic Bacteriology.35... 35 ...... _ IJJournal of Bacteriology .................................. 41 .. 56 ......_ JBJournal of Clinical Microbiology .............................. .... 51 ...... _ JCJournal of Virology ............ 41 ... 56 -...... JVMicrobiological Reviews ................ 16.. 28 ...... MR

Total Journal Fees $ -Add your $10 Membership Dues + $10

Total $ -PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATION

A membership card and the journal(s) of your choice will be sent within 90 days upon completion of processing. Dues forASM membership are tax deductible. Rates are for 1987 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the ContinentalU.S. Applicants from Canada may use check made out in U.S. dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants maychoose to pay with VISA or MasterCard. If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

E VISA # E MASTERCARD #l I I I I I I I I I EXPIRATION DATE: 1L |..................j..................t llMO YR

TODAY'S DATE SIGNATURE__MONTH DAY YEAR MINIMUM CHARGE $15 00

AAC 1/87

1987APPLICATION FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

1913 I Street, NW * Washington, D.C. 20006 * (202) 833-9680COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION REQUESTED AND RETURN FORM WITH REMITTANCE IN U.S. FUNDS

Eligibility ASM welcomes to full membership anyone who is interested in its objectives and has a minimum of a bachelor's degree orequivalent in microbiology or a related field.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed in January each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, membershipnominations received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications forthe current year are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the follow-ing January.

MISS DR.NAME MS. l(CIRCLE ONE) MRS. MR. FIRST INITIAL LAST

MAIL NAMEAS YOU WANT IT TO APPEAR ON YOUR MAILING LABEL

ADDRESSWHERE YOU WANT TO RECEIVE YOUR SUBSCRIPTIONS

CITYSTATE/PROVINCE ZIP/POSTAL CODE COUNTRY

PHONE( ) ( ) YEAR OF BIRTH SEX-OFFICE (01) HOME (02)

HIGHEST DEGREE SUBJECT AREA YEAR EARNED_

EMPLOYER PRESENT POSITION

SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATE_

*NOMINATED BY MEMBER# I I ISIGNATURE OF ASM MEMBER

*If you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, you can `' apply for membership and we will contact you.

Member How did you learn about the ASM? (Check one):Information D A colleague [ An advertisement in a journal O Presenting a paper at an ASM meeting

O A professor C Direct mail inquiry O An ASM BranchC An ASM journal O A workshop, conference or meeting O Student membership in ASM

O None of the above

Dues Annual dues for 1987 are $65. Dues include ASM News (monthly) and a $43 credit which may be deducted from the totalcost of the journal(s) you purchase at the special membership rates indicated below.

Journals Please check:C Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. dollars only) ...................................................$65O Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

U.S. Non-U.S. AmountAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ....................... $35. $51 ...... $ AAApplied and Environmental Microbiology ....................... 35. 51 ...... AEMolecular and Cellular Biology ............................... 43. 57 ...... CBInfection and Immunity ................................. 41. 56 ......_IAInternational Journal of Systematic Bacteriology .................. 35......5...... 353IJournal of Bacteriology ................................. 41. 56. JBJournal of Clinical Microbiology .............................. 35 51.. JCJournal of Virology ................................. 41..J56 ...... JVMicrobiological Reviews ................................. 16..M28 ...... 3

Total Journal Fees $ -Subtract your $43 Member Journals Credit - $43

Subtotal (if less than zero, enter zero) $-Add your $65 Membership Dues + $65

Total (Dues plus Journals). If total is less than $65.00, enter $65 $-PAYMENT IN U.S. DOLLARS MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATION

A membership card, voting registration form, ASM Placement Service information and the journal(s) of your choice will besent within 90 days upon completion of processing. Dues for individual membership in ASM are tax deductible. Rates arefor 1987 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the ContinentalU.S. Applicants from Canada may use check made out in U.S. dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants maychoose to pay with VISA or MasterCard. If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.

VISA# MASTERCARD 1EXPIRATION DATE: I..ililliI I I I I I I I I ~~~~MOYR

TODAY'S DATF L L SIGNATUREMONTH DAY YEAR MINIMUM CHARGE $15.00 AAC 1/87