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  • 8/13/2019 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1988 Debbia 279 81

    1/4

    10.1128/AAC.32.2.279.

    1988, 32(2):279. DOI:Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.

    E Debbia, A Pesce and G C Schitogram-positive bacteria.combination with other antibiotics againstIn vitro activity of LY146032 alone and in

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    V o l . 3 2 , N o . 2NTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, F e b . 1 9 8 8 , p . 279-2810 0 6 6 - 4 8 0 4 / 8 8 / 0 2 0 2 7 9 - 0 3 0 2 . 0 0 / 0C o p y r i g h t C 1 9 8 8 , A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y f o r M i c r o b i o l o g y

    I n V i t r o A c t i v i t y o f L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 A l o n e a n d i n C o m b i n a t i o n w i t h O t h e rA n t i b i o t i c s a g a i n s t G r a m - P o s i t i v e B a c t e r i aEUGENIO DEBBIA,* A D E LAI D E PESCE, AND GIAN C A R L O SCHITO

    I n s t i t u t e o f M i c r o b i o l o g y , M e d i c a l S c h o o l , U n i v e r s i t y o f G e n o a , V i a l e B e n e d e t t o X V , 1 0 , 1 6 1 3 2 G e n o a , I t a l yR e c e i v e d 6 A p r i l 1 9 8 7 / A c c e p t e d 2 4 N o v e m b e r 1 9 8 7

    T h e a n t i b a c t e r i a l a c t i v i t y o f L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 a l o n e a n d i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h o t h e r d r u g s was a s s a y e d a g a i n s tg r a m - p o s i t i v e i s o l a t e s . S y n e r g i s m w a s f o u n d w h e n L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 w a s c o m b i n e d w i t h n e t i l m i c i n , a m i k a c i n ,i n i p e n e m , a n d f o s f o m y c i n b y b o t h c h e c k e r b o a r d a n d t i m e - k i l l t e s t s . I n d i f f e r e n c e p r e d o m i n a t e d whenL Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 w a s c o m b i n e d w i t h t e i c o p l a n i n , v a n c o m y c i n , a n d r i f a m p i n . U n d e r n o c i r c u m s t a n c e s a n d w i t h n oc o m b i n a t i o n s w a s a n a n t a g o n i s t i c e f f e c t d e t e c t e d .L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 i s a n e w l y d ev e l o p e d c y c l i c l i p o p e p t i d e b e l o n g -i n g t o t h e group o f a n t i m i c r o b i a l a g e n t s known a s p e p t o l i d e s .P r ev i o u s d a t a ( 4 - 6 ) i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h i s a n t i b i o t i c i s a c t i v e

    a g a i n s t a b r o a d range o f g r a m - p o s i t i v e b a c t e r i a b y i n h i b i t i n gc e l l - w a l l s y n t h e s i s w i t h a m e c h a n i s m d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h a t o fo t h e r a v a i l a b l e d r u g s . I n a d d i t i o n , L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 d e m o n s t r a t e da n e x c e l l e n t b a c t e r i c i d a l e f f e c t on t h e s t r a i n s t e s t e d i nprevious s t u d i e s ( 4 - 6 ) . T h i s may b e o f s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t ,b e c a u s e many c e l l - w a l l - a c t i v e a g e n t s d o n o t k i l l m i c r o o r -g a n i s m s s u c h a s e n t e r o c o c c i ( 1 , 7 ) . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , i ns evere c l i n i c a l i n f e c t i o n s c a u s e d b y e n t e r o c o c c i , t h e us e o f as i n g l e d r u g f r e q u e n t l y l e a d s t o u n a c c e p t a b l e f a i l u r e r a t e s 3 .T h u s , i t b e c o m e s n e c e s s a ry t o t r e a t i n f e c t i o n s w i t h a na n t i b i o t i c c o m b i n a t i o n , u s u a l l y i n c l u d i n g a n a m i n o g l y c o s i d ea n d a c e l l - w a l l - a c t i v e a g e n t ( 9 ) .F o r t h e s e reasons, i t may b e o f some consequence t oknow how L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 a c t s i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h o t h e r d r u g s .I n t h i s s t u d y , w e e v a l u a t e d t h e i n v i t r o a c t i v i t y o fL Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 a g a i n s t g r a m - p o s i t i v e a e r o b i c b a c t e r i a i n compar-ison w i t h t h a t o f n e t i l m i c i n , a m i k a c i n , i m i p e n e m , f o s f o m y -c i n , r i f a m p i n , t e i c o p l a n i n , a n d vancomycin.

    Test s t r a i n s i n c l u d e d 3 5 i s o l a t e s o f S t a p h y l o c o c c u s s p p .a n d 1 5 i s o l a t e s o f E n t e r o c o c c u s s p p . , a l l f r e s h l y i s o l a t e df r o m c l i n i c a l s p e c i m e n s a n d - i d e n t i f i e d b y c o n v e n t i o n a l t e s t sa s p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d ( 2 , 1 0 ) .Th e a n t i b i o t i c s w e r e o b t a i n e d a s f o l l o w s : L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 , E l iL i l l y I t a l i a , S e s t o F i o r e n t i n o , I t a l y ; t e i c o p l a n i n a n d r i f a m p i n ,G r u p p o L e p e t i t S p a , M i l a n , I t a l y ; f o s f o m y c i n , Zambon S p a ,M i l a n , I t a l y ; a n d i m i p e n e m , M e r c k S h a r p e D o h m e , R o m e ,I t a l y . T h e o t h e r d r u g s w er e o b t a i n e d f r o m c o m m e r c i a lsources.S t e r i l e s t o c k s o l u t i o n s o f t h e a n t i b i o t i c s w er e p r e p a r e df r o m t h e s t a n d a r d r e f e r e n c e p o w d e r s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h ei n s t r u c t i o n s o f t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s .T e s t m e d i a c o n t a i n i n g L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 w e r e s u p p l e m e n t e d w i t hc a l c i u m c h l o r i d e t o a c h i e v e a f i n a l c a l c i u m c o n t e n t o f 5 0m g / l i t e r , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s u g g e s t i o n s o f E l i o p o u l o s e ta l . ( 4 ) .T h e a c t i v i t y o f L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h e a c h o f t h eo t h e r d r u g s was a s s a y e d b y c h e c k e r b o a r d t i t r a t i o n on a t o t a lo f 5 0 s t r a i n s , a n d 2 0 s t r a i n s were t e s t e d b y t h e t i m e - k i l ls y s t e m w i t h M u e l l e r - H i n t o n b r o t h a s t h e t e s t m e d i u m .C h e c k e r b o a r d s t u d i e s were p e r f o r m e d i n m i c r o d i l u t i o nt r a y s a s p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d ( 2 ) . A n t i b i o t i c i n t e r a c t i o n swere d e t e r m i n ed b a s ed o t h e f r a c t i o n a l i n h i b i t o r y conc e n -

    * C o r r e s p o n d i n g a u t h o r .2 7 9

    t r a t i o n c a l c u l a t e d b y t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m u l a : MIC o f a n t i b i -o t i c A i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n t i b i o t i c B / M I C o f a n t i b i o t i c a l o n e + MIC o f a n t i b i o t i c B i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n t i b i o t i cA / M I C o f a n t i b i o t i c B a l o n e 8 . S y n e r g i s m i s p r e s e n t i f t h ef r a c t i o n a l i n h i b i t o r y c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n d e x i s < 0 . 5 , a n d a n t a g -o n i s m i s p r e s e n t i f t h e i n d e x e x c e e d s 4 . I n d i f f e r e n c e o ra d d i t i v e e f f e c t i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y a n i n d e x o f 0 . 5 t o 4 .T i m e - k i l l s t u d i e s w e r e p e r f o r m ed b y a d d i n g t h e a n t i b i o t i c st o l o g - p h a s e b a c t e r i a l c u l t u r e s d i l u t e d t o 1 0 6 t o 1 0 7 C F U / m la n d g r o w i n g i n 5 0 0 - m l f l a s k s a t 3 7 C . L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 a n d a l l o t h e rd r u g s w e r e u s e d a t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o h a l ft h e i r M I C s . J u s t b e f o r e t h e a n t i b i o t i c s w e r e a d d e d ( z e r ot i m e ) a n d a t 2 , 6 , a n d 2 4 h t h e r e a f t e r , t h e v i a b l e n u m b e r s o fo r g a n i s m s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d w i t h s e r i a l 1 0 - f o l d d i l u t i o n sm a d e i n p h y s i o l o g i c s a l i n e . A c a l i b r a t e d m i c r o p i p e t t e w a su s e d t o d e l i v e r 1 0 0 - l I p o r t i o n s f r o m e a c h d i l u t i o n o n t o aM u e l l e r - H i n t o n a g a r p l a t e . B e c a u s e a d r u g c a r r y - o v e r e f f e c tw a s d e t e c t e d , e s p e c i a l l y w h e n a n t i b i o t i c s w e r e s a m p l e d i nc o m b i n a t i o n , o n l y 1 0 3 C F U / m l c o u l d b e a c c u r a t e l y c o u n t e d .A n y d a t a b e l o w t h i s d e t e c t a b l e l e v e l w e r e n o t r e p o r t e d .A n t i b i o t i c i n t e r a c t i o n s w e r e i n t e r p r e t e d a s s y n e r g i s t i c o ra n t a g o n i s t i c i f t h e a n t i b i o t i c c o m b i n a t i o n , c o m p a r e d w i t h t h em o s t e f f e c t i v e s i n g l e a n t i b i o t i c , c a u s e d a t l e a s t a 1 0 0 - f o l dr e d u c t i o n o r i n c r e a s e , r e s p e c t i v e l y , i n t h e C FU a t 24 h .I n t e r m e d i a t e r e s u l t s w e r e i n t e r p r e t e d a s i n d i f f e r e n c e .T h e i n v i t r o c o m b i n a t i o n o f L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 w i t h n e t i l m i c i n o ra m i k a c i n r e s u l t e d i n a s y n e r g i s t i c i n t e r a c t i o n f o r a b o u t 40o f t h e m i c r o o r g a n i s m s b y t h e c h ec k er b o a r d m e t h o d . T h ep e r c e n t a g e e x c e e d e d 7 5 i f t h e t i m e - k i l l s y s t e m w a s u s e d .A n t a g o n i s m w a s n e v e r r e g i s t e r e d .T h e i n v i t r o c o m b i n a t i o n o f L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 w i t h i m i p e n e mt e s t e d b y t h e c h e c k e r b o a r d m e t h o d r e s u l t e d i n a s y n e r g i s t i ci n t e r a c t i o n f o r a l l s t a p h y l o c o c c i t e s t e d a n d f o r 60 o fE n t e r o c o c c u s f a e c a l i s i s o l a t e s . W i t h t h e t i m e - k i l l m e t h o d ,t h i s a n t i b i o t i c c o m b i n a t i o n w a s s y n e r g i s t i c f o r a l l s t r a i n s .A h i g h p e r c e n t a g e o f s y ne r g i s m 8 0 ) w a s a l s o f o u n dw h e n L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 w a s a d d e d t o f o s f o m y c i n a n d t e s t e d b y t h ec h e c k e r b o a r d m e t h o d . Whe n t h e t i m e - k i l l s y s t e m was u s e d ,t h e i n t e r a c t i o n r e s u l t e d i n a l m o s t c o m p l e t e s y n e r g i s m f o r a l ls t r a i n s e x c e p t a m e t h i c i l l i n - r e s i s t a n t S t a p h y l o c o c c u s a u r e u ss t r a i n w h i c h s h o w e d i n d i f f e r e n c e . A n t a g o n i s m w a s n o tf o u n d .On t h e c o n t r a r y , w i t h t h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 a n dv a n c o m y c i n o r t e i c o p l a n i n i n d i f f e r e n c e w a s t h e p r e v a l e n tr e s p o n s e w i t h b o t h m e t h o d s . A n t a g o n i s m was n e v e r o b -s e r v e d . W i t h c h ec k er b o a r d t i t r a t i o n , L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 c o m b i n e dw i t h r i f a m p i n s h o w e d i n d i f f e r e n c e f o r t h e g r e a t m a j o r i t y o f

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    A N T I M I C R O B . AGENTS CHEMOTHER.

    ly aklmt3 I . y l v . a k l y * n k z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y,nstyit2lyzt 0 2iemii 1 c o n t r o l S j e j m i d J s MR control9 f f s 5 4 l y ~ ~ ~ l y g 8 yg m 5 2 5L L . n t . 5 n t

    a K 4 ~ ~ i m o aZ i 60 4 lyka~~~~~~~~~ly imy n a kent~ ~ ~ l~n~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 f l t lyfsw l y kfyzo D S t a 2 h y l n c n c t c u s s o . c o n t r o l E n t e rococ c u z SD c o n t r o lo f S 6 4 fl 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ I t l y 2

    7 I m 5 2nt~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i m 0 . 1 22 l y . i m ~lyI m10 2 6 2 4 0 2 6 2 4HOURS

    F I G . 1 . E f f e c t s o f v a r i o u s a n t i b i o t i c s a l o n e a n d i n c o m b i n a t i o n a g a i n s t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g r a m - p o s i t i v e s t r a i n s . T i m e - k i l l t e s t s were p e r f o r m e di n t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e i n d i c a t e d d r u g c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( e x p r e s s e d i n m i c r o g r a m s p e r m i l l i l i t e r . A b b r e v i a t i o n s : l y , L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 ; f s , f o s f o m y c i n ;i m , i m i p e n e m ; n t , n e t i l m i c i n ; a k , a m i k a c i n .s t r a i n s t e s t e d ( 8 2 ) . T h e s a m e o u t c o m e w a s o b t a i n e d i n t h et i m e - k i l l s y s t e m . I n n o i n s t a n c e w a s a n t a g o n i s m e n c o u n -t e r e d . n F i g . 1 a r e r e p o r t e d t h e r e s u l t s o f t i m e - k i l l c u r v e sd e t e r m i n e d f o r r e p r es e nt a t i v e p a t h o g e n s .As r e p o r t e d e l s e w h e r e ( 4 - 6 ) , t h e n o v e l l i p o p e p t i d e a n t i b i -o t i c L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 p o s s e s s e d g o o d a n t i b a c t e r i a l a c t i v i t y a g a i n s ta l l g r a m - p o s i t i v e b a c t e r i a t e s t e d . I t i s n o t e w o r t h y t h a t t h ep a t h o g e n s w e r e i s o l a t e d f r o m s e v e r e s y n d r o m e s , s u c h a se n d o c a r d i t i s , s e p t i c e m i a , p n e u m o n i a , o s t e o m y e l i t i s , a n d s o f tt i s s u e a n d u r i n a r y t r a c t i n f e c t i o n s .L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 r e a c t e d f a v o r a b l y i n v i t r o i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t ha l l t h e a n t i b i o t i c s t e s t e d . N o t a b l y , t h e n ew c o m p o u n d

    s h o w e d a h i g h i n ci d en c e o f s y n e r g i s m w h e n c o m b i n e d w i t ht h e a m i n o g l y c o s i d e a n t i b i o t i c s i m i p e n e m a n d f o s f o m y c i n ,a n d i n n o i n s t a n c e wa s a n a n t a g o n i s t i c e f f e c t d e t e c t e d .T h e g r e a t i n t r i n s i c a n t i b a c t e r i a l a c t i v i t y a n d t h e h i g hi n c i d e n c e o f s y n e r g i s m o b s e r v e d s u g g e s t t h a t c l i n i c a l t r i a l sw i t h a n t i b i o t i c c o m b i n a t i o n s t h a t i n c l u d e L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2 a r ew a r r a n t e d .LITERATURE CITED

    1 . A u c k e n t h a l e r , R . , W. R . W i l s o n , A . J . W r i g h t , J . A . W a s h i n g t o nI I , D . T . D u r a c k , a n d J . E . G e r a c i . 1 9 8 2 . L a c k o f i n v i v o a n d i nv i t r o b a c t e r i c i d a l a c t i v i t y o f N - f o r m i m i d o y l t h i e n a m y c i n a g a i n s t

    2 8 0 NOTES

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    4/4

    V O L . 3 2 , 1 9 8 8 NOTES 2 8 1e n t e r o c o c c i . A n t i m i c r ob . A g e n t s C h e m o t h e r . 2 2 : 4 4 8 - 4 5 2 .2 . D e b b i a , E . , P . E . V a r a l d o , a n d G . C . S c h i t o . 1 9 8 6 . I n v i t r oa c t i v i t y o f i m i p e n e m a g a i n s t e n t e r o c o c c i a n d s t a p h y l o c o c c i a n de v i d e n c e f o r h i g h r a t e s o f s y n e r g i s m w i t h t e i c o p l a n i n , f o s f o m y -c i n , a n d r i f a m p i n . A n t i m i c r o b . A g e n t s C h e m o t h e r . 3 0 : 8 1 3 - 8 1 5 .3 . E l i o p o u l o s , G . M . , a n d R . C . M o e l l e r i n g , J r . 1 9 8 2 . A n t i b i o t i cs y n e r g i s m a n d a n t i m i c r o b i a l c o m b i n a t i o n s i n c l i n i c a l i n f e c t i o n s .R e v . I n f e c t . D i s . 4 : 2 8 2 - 2 9 3 .

    4 . E l i o p o u l o s , G . M . , S . W i l l e y , E . R e i s z n e r , P . G . S p i t z e r , G .C a p u t o , a n d R . C . M o e l l e r i n g , J r . 1 9 8 6 . I n v i t r o a n d i n v i v oa c t i v i t y o f LY 1 4 6 0 3 2 , a new c y c l i c l i p o p e p t i d e a n t i b i o t i c .A n t i m i cr o b. A g e n t s C h e m o t h e r . 3 0 : 5 3 2 - 5 3 5 .5 . F a s s , R . J . , a n d V . L H e l s e l . 1 9 8 6 . I n v i t r o a c t i v i t y o f L Y 1 4 6 0 3 2a g a i n s t s t a p h y l o c o c c i , s t r e p t o c o c c i , a n d e n t e r o c o c c i . A n t i m i -c r o b . A g e n t s C h e m o t h e r . 3 0 : 7 8 1 - 7 8 4 .

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