answer sheet google earth 2014

Langara College Summer 2014 Geography 1120 Google Earth Assignment

Answer Sheet

1. The North

a.

i. 64°29'59.20"N , 110°14'18.54"W

ii. 11 years, from March 1992 to January 2003

iii. 55 million year ago, 400 meter below the surface.

iv. To maintain permafrost

v. Aboriginal persons, because of the commitment to Socio-Economic Monitoring

Agreement with the Government of the Northwest Territories.

b.

i. 1942, to serve as an American air base.

ii. John Graham

iii. Distant Early Warning line radar was built to detect any attack from a wide sector

of Europe and Asia. According to Wikipedia: “It was set up to detect incoming

Soviet bombers during the Cold War, and provide early warning of a land based

invasion.” it did stretch for 3000 mile.

c.

i. It means “place with no dawn”

ii. −15.7 °C (3.7 °F)

iii. Because Canadian government was feared that U.S would occupy the Canadian

Artic, thus several families were relocated to strengthen Canada’s hold on the

region.

Canadian Government fearing a USA occupation of the Canadian Artic relocated

seven Inuit families from Northern Quebec

d.

i. Inuvik

ii. Dempster highway

iii. 1958 , Oil and gas

iv. Tuktoyaktuk, NT

e. Pingo

2. Ontario

a.

i. Border of Ontario, Canada and New York, USA

ii. Lake Erie into Lake Ontario

iii. “Niagara Falls were formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin

glaciation (the last ice age), and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved

a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean”

Name: Ahmad Altuijri

Student Number: 100247609


iv. From 97 meter to 155 meter

v. 1824,1829

vi. The Von Papen Plot, because destroying this canal would cause a flood and to

disable the important waterway in the war

vii. Before it used to be farms and almost depopulated now more houses and people

live in there. I think because the war, it was not safe to live close to canals.

b.

i. 553.33, 1976

ii. The tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, a signature icon of

Toronto's skyline, and a symbol of Canada, attracting more than two million

international visitors annually. Also, It was the world's tallest tower.

iii. It is the most populated area in Canada.

c.

i. 63.4%.

ii. 32.8%

iii. 32, 80%

d.

i. 1857, by Queen Victoria

ii. 1922, because it was destroyed by a fire.

iii. 2028, $190 million

iv. Renewable energy such as wind power and solar power. Threats to global security

and concerns about the environment are the driving forces behind the rise of

various clean technologies.

e.

i. Nuclear Energy is the type of energy that dominates in Ontario, because it does

not produce CO2. It is eco friendly

ii. Nuclear and coal-fired, because there is no need for extra power generator as the

consumption has decreased in the previous year, also the trend is green and

renewable energy.

iii. Total output of 4124 MW (capacity net) and 4336 MW (gross net)

iv. Done.

v. Ontario needed about 18,000 megawatts of power on average day. On a very hot

or cold day, it can need up to 25,000 megawatts.

f.

i. It is a group of Automotive manufacturing that are close to each other

geographically in Ontario. It gives the area competitive advantages, such as

facility, skilled workers ..etc.

ii. 350


iii. Hino, Magna International, AGS Automotive, Dana Product Technologies Group

and Spencer ARL

iv. 90,000

v. 87000

vi. Yes

g.

i. 50 billion dollar

ii. Gold, copper, nickel, zinc and chromite

iii. Chromite, a mineral ore that is mined from crystallized magma, is used in the

production of steel as a pigment and as a catalyst in many chemical reactions. It is

also an important component of the leather tanning process. Chromite is also

used to anodize aluminum for use in jet engines. In steel production, Chromite

Sand is used as well filler for protection of the sliding gate in large steel holding

ladles

iv. Most of Northern Ontario is situated on the Canadian Shield, a vast rocky plateau.

The climate is characterized by extremes of temperature, extremely cold

in winter and hot in summer. It contains only about six per cent of the population.

Therefore northern Ontario has such a low density of roads and railway lines

when compared to southern Ontario

v. All these factors put together make the environment not ready for mining

development. For example, the lack of skilled and healthy workers, lack of

security.

vi. The Federal government has a "responsible resource development" principle. It

aims to attract $650 billion in investment to quickly open up Canada's oilsands,

gas reserves and mining sectors to the world, making it easier for corporations to

extract natural resources as long as they do it responsibly. Also, the government

presented various programs and services for assistance to First Nations people.

vii. Done

viii. Yes, lots of mining activities

3. Quebec

a.

i. 1,612,645, A census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) can

have more than one core. The core of a CMA must have a population of at least

50,000 and the core of a CA must have a population of at least 10,000.

ii. English only 9.6%, French only 33.2%, French and English 56.8%. English speakers

in Montreal are more than most of Quebec city because of many immigrants who

choose to settle in Montreal speak English.

iii. Mid-1970s, The Big O

iv. It is a church.

v. The Church preserved the French culture in Canada. Under British Rule, The

peoples of Québec were discriminated against their Catholic faith and their


language. Thus, the church was considered one of the pillar of the survival of

French culture.

vi. Ok!

b.

i. 1608 by Samuel de Champlain

ii. This is the area where Britain achieved victory over France on a battle named by

this area: Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

iii. Cannons and batteries along this street. 3 Rue de Remparts is a beautiful stretch

of tiny, narrow alleyway allowing access to the ramparts where you can sit on.

Alongside the ramparts are decorated with cannons and offers panoramic views of

the Lower Town, the St. Lawrence River and the Laurentian. A pleasant stroll

down the street allows you to recapture the atmosphere of the old fortified city

and a bird’s-eye view of Québec City’s twinkling lights especially at night.

iv. The seigneurial system was an institutional form of land distribution established in

New France in 1627 and officially abolished in 1854. In New France, 80 per cent of

the population lived in rural areas governed by this system of land distribution

and occupation. It was adapted when settling in the St Lawrence lowland area

because it grants the people a vast land and excluding trading rights

v. This physical layout of seigneurial property developed as a means of maximizing

ease of transit, commerce, and communication by exploiting naturally occurring

riparian networks (most notably, the St. Lawrence river) and the relatively sparse

man-made infrastructure. A desirable plot had to be directly bordering or in very

close proximity to a river system, which plot-expansion was limited to one of two

directions—left or right

c.

i. In the 1970s, Chisasibi was moved to higher ground to make way for a

government hydroelectric project that flooded the original site

ii. 1991–1992

iii. 2,106 MW

iv. • In essence, this agreement allowed the Québec government to proceed with its

hydroelectric scheme and provided compensation to the Cree and Inuit for

surrendering their aboriginal claims. Their compensation included a cash

settlement of $225 million, the right to hunt on other land, and the power to

govern themselves

v. The Crees are ingesting methyl-mercury because of the mercury accumulation in

fish

vi. It affects the Cree people by depriving them to fish on the lakes because doing so,

might affect their health. It also affects their means of living since, fishing is their

main factor for employment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawatt


vii. It allows the Cree to be the master in their own destiny and pursue their desired

way of life. Though, the rest of the effects were the rapid proliferation of the

bureaucracy of services and programs

viii. The Great Whale Project was cancelled because the citizens were horrified about

its negative effects on the environment and the people living there. The project

was called as an environmental racism, since it threatens life and the flora and

fauna of the place

ix. The Agreement Respecting a New Relationship Between the Cree Nation and the

Government of Quebec (La Paix des Braves), is an agreement signed on February

7, 2002, between the Government of Quebec and the Grand Council of the Crees

d.

i. • Lac Saint Jean

ii. The average of a farmer in Quebec is 54 years old

iii. The premise of Pangea Terre Agricoles’ business model is that as time goes by,

Quebec’s crop farmers are finding it tougher to eke out a living even as the worth

of their property increases, making it nearly impossible for some to pass on their

lands to their sons and daughters at fair market value. The feel the need of it

because it is needed to establish business partnerships with Quebec farmers to

make underused agricultural land more productive and allow the farmers to earn

more money

iv. It is a system of managing productions so they the farmers will produce what the

market requires, whether it’s milk, poultry eggs and the likes

v. Complex jurisdictions, Quota buy-back expensive, 'unfeasible', Trade benefits

uncertain, Consumers pay, taxpayers don't, Rural economic benefits

vi. It was created in the case of dairy supply management, in particular it was in the

1950’s when the dairy producers were having an extremely difficult time making

into meet and they need some sort of rationality in the system, processors in

particular were taking advantage on fragmented in dislocated markets and

driving prices down and the farmers couldn’t make it

vii. Region A

viii. This will create a big impact in terms of the money. Because of the importation

of European cheese, the local farmers will have to spend a lot money in making a

new variety of cheese. It will also the overall revenue of a farm owners and cheese

makers since they are competing in European products

4. Atlantic Canada

a.

i. New Brunswick , Prince Edward island, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador

ii. 2, 369, 000

iii. New Brunswick - 2.2%, Newfoundland and Labrador - 1.5%, Prince Edward Island -

0.4%, Nova Scotia - 2.8%. Total of 6.9%


iv. 36.8%

v. rural

vi. It is well-known for as the place where the flight of the Friendship took off,

piloted by Amelia Earhart who became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic

Ocean. It originates from the French word trepasses meaning 'dead men'

vii. it is the municipal distrcit in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia. A 2,000 acres land

was given to Lt. Ranald MacKinnon and he called it Argyle(Argyll)

viii. More than 80%

ix. More than half of the people who lived there

x. Nursing home/ Seniors Complex

b.

i. 12,900 meter

ii. May 1997. and it cost $1.3 Billion

iii. The Confederation Bridge (French: Pont de la Confédération) spans the Abegweit

Passage of Northumberland Strait

iv. The Town of Halifax was founded by British government under the direction of

the Board of Trade and Plantations under the command of Governor Edward

Cornwallis in 1749. It was founded by the British military, as a fortress against

French interests in the Maritimes

v. Mix of communities – black, white, native, immigrant, itinerant and Candaian,

middle-class, working class. Protestants and Catholic

vi. Mont-Blanc December 6, 1917

vii. The French cargo ship fully loaded with wartime explosives, was involved in a

collision with the Norwegian vessel SS Imo in the Narrows, a strait connecting the

upper Halifax Harbour to Bedford Basin. The Norwegian vessel SS Imo was in the

wrong channel and none of the two vessels moved to the right channel nor gave

way to the other vessel. Hence, collision was inevitable

viii. The Mont-Blanc was carrying highly explosive cargo and the vessel was without

adequate and accessible firefighting equipment. When it exploded, a tsunami

created by the blast wiped out the nearby community of Mi'kmaq.

c.

i. $400 million

ii. A real-time monitoring and Odour Monitoring Program was done during this

period and the Ambient Air Monitoring Program was also done on a 6 day

schedule.

iii. The Sydney tar ponds was unveiled as a green space known as Open Hearth Park

after decades of work and hundreds of millions spent to clean up the site. The 39-

hectare green area features several sports fields, walking trails, art installations, a

playground and panels chronicling the plant's troubled history. The park, named

for the mill's old open furnaces, sits atop a solidified mixture of cement and the

toxic brew from the former steel plant that went into operation in the early 1900s


and employed generations of Cape Bretoners. The sediment was buried about two

metres below and topped with various layers, covering up the residual slag that

residents said sickened them, led to high rates of cancer, fouled the air and

poisoned their homes and yards. Some people especially residents living near

Canada’s worst toxic waste dump were still unhappy with the outcome. Some

even have reservations about the method used, which was selected after a

widespread public outcry led to the rejection of earlier proposals to incinerate or

encapsulate the material

iv. IBA stands for Impacts and Benefits Agreements, which “is a formal contract

outlining the impacts of the project, the commitment and responsibilities of both

parties, and how the associated Aboriginal community will share in benefits of the

operation through employment and economic development”. This agreement will

provide education, training, job and business opportunities, financial

arrangement, environmental protection, to Innu and Inuit.

v. The generating power is 5,428 MW from the massive Churchill Falls. Hydro-

Québec receives the vast majority of the power

vi. On 2016, the energy contract is automatically renewed for 25 years

vii. Muskrat Falls is a natural 15 metre waterfall

viii. Generation station

ix. Newfoundland intends to sell power to Nova Scotia and other neighbouring

jurisdictions.

d.

i. 1979

ii. 5.8 billion

iii. 5800

iv. Hibernia was constructed approximately 315 kilometres (196 mi) east-southeast

of St. John's, in Newfoundland, Canada, in 80 m of water

v. Members of the Elsipogtog and Mi'kmaq First Nations tribes demonstrated their

concern over the proposed shale-gas project and 2D seismic imaging done near

their reserve by Southwest Energy (SWN) Resources Canada, a subsidiary of

Southwestern Energy Company. The locals claim that the project lack consultation

and that SWN was operating illegally on tribal land

vi. Shale gas extraction involves fracking, a method of gas extraction where water is

mixed with sand and chemicals and injected at high pressure into a wellbore to

create small fractures, yielding natural gas and petroleum. In the process, it

pollutes ground water, which now bears toxic chemicals and dangerously high

levels of radiation, as well as emitting foul odors

e.

i. To protect it, officials feared they would disappear entirely if the fisheries

remained open.


ii. The moratorium put about 30,000 people in the province out of work and ended a

way of life that had endured for generations in many outport communities. It also

made evident the vulnerability of marine resources to overexploitation and that

existing regulatory regimes were insufficient to protect cod stocks.

iii. The increasingly efficient technology, which allowed fishers to find and harvest

unprecedented amounts of cod. Another factor is that some used stronger vessels

that allowed fleets from around the world to visit and work on the Grand Banks

for months at a time. At the same time, regulations safeguarding cod stocks did

not evolve alongside the world's ability to harvest fish, and governments or

international bodies sometimes assigned quotas based on economic factors rather

than ecological ones. Although conservation programs were presented, officials

consistently overestimated the size of cod stocks and, as a result, also

overestimated the amount of cod fishers could harvest at sustainable levels. This

resulted in an overexploitation of northern cod, which ultimately forced the

government to impose a moratorium

iv. Although the cod fishery supported workers for hundreds of years, a variety of

changes occurred during the 20th century that made the industry much less

sustainable as compared before. Among these were advances in fishing

technologies that dramatically increased the ability of fishers to find and harvest

large quantities cod. For instance, changes to vessel and net design, as well as the

introduction of electronic navigational aids and fish-finding instruments. In the

inshore fishery (a local industry that took place in the province's coastal waters),

workers replaced small open boats with larger and more powerful decked vessels

known as longliners. These vessels could travel further and faster than dories,

punts, and schooners, allowing fishers to reach productive fishing grounds with

greater ease than ever before.

5. Western Canada

a. • Alberta - 3,790,200, Saskatchewan - 1,066,300, Manitoba - 1,233,700, the total is:

6,090,200

i. Because of the factors that involved the increase of the revenue of the economy

or the economic growth. This is also due to the influx of different businesses,

exportation of products and other industries

ii. 7, which are: Martensville, Chestermere, Warman, Beaumont, Airdire, Leduc and

Okotoks

b.

i. “Palliser's Triangle, or the Palliser Triangle, is a largely semi-arid steppe region in

the Prairie Provinces of Western Canada that was determined to be unsuitable for

agriculture because of its unfavourable climate”. The triangle is defined by

comparatively great aridity. The entire region is characterized by a significant

annual moisture deficit, such that evaporation exceeds precipitation. And the


most critical climatic characteristic of the region is the common occurrence of

droughts.

ii. 4,046.86 sq m

iii. Wheat, soybeans, canola, barley and oats corn for grain and dry field peas are

considered as the principal crops

iv. 52%

v. Anticipated decrease of the seeding by 1.9 percent

vi. 16.5%

vii. 9.2% decline

viii. Yes

ix. Under 1000 of the animals only remained

x. Regarding the Bison recovery to a sustainable population, Tom Olson stated that

the recovery project of Bison won’t take years or decades, It might actually take

centuries

xi. Ranchers against the idea because bisons destroy the fescue grass through

overgrazing and thus alter the Prairie landscape making it less resistant to

drought. Furthermore, bisons should not kept in one place due to the risk they can

get of diseases, also there should be a separation between clean and carriers

bison, resistance from the ranchers is also due to a fear that their way of life is

being threatened.

xii. It enables other living things to exist, such as insects and other animals that were

believed extinct

xiii. Grain Elevators are important to the regional geography of Western Canada

because it serves as the central point of commercial activity in small communities

in which, farmers could easily load their products and get paid in exchange. In

addition, it also portrays a cultural heritage and some were converted into

museums and art galleries

xiv. It seems that the number of prairie farms is constantly decreasing as years pass by

xv. It serves as a disadvantage because, small farmers with small production will go

to supermarkets to load their grains.

c.

i. 61,374

ii. 47,705

iii. 76,000

iv. Because the vital need to expand and the land surrounding it is owned by oil

companies.

v. 2030

vi. THERE IS NO QUEATION

vii. Alberta is in the third rank and its total percentage of the global total is 55%

viii. 142,200 (km2) , 97%

ix. About 1,700


x. About 121,500

xi. About 80-95 percent

xii. An oil sand a deposit of loose sand or partially consolidated sandstone containing

petroleum or other hydrocarbons

xiii. Current forecasts indicate that by 2022, bitumen production will increase to 3.8

million bbl/d

xiv. 55%

xv. Almost $125 billion

xvi. It is because, a lot of people were against the Oil Sands due to its negative effects

to the environment

xvii. 11,400 metric tons

xviii. Major oil spill repeated annually

xix. Mercury, aluminum, and selenium

xx. Seven times higher than expected

6. British Columbia

a.

i. The vivid turquoise color of the water, caused by powdered limestone, is most

spectacular in July as the snow melts from the surrounding mountains.

ii. Yes.

iii. Is a type of landform that is characterized by long sinuous gravel ridges.

iv. They were created when sand and gravel were deposited in the meltwater

channels of ancient glaciers that once blanketed this northern region

b.

i. 75

ii. 230 million L a year, they pay nothing,

c.

i. The salmons are considered people, Chef’s children.

ii. Gather up all the salmon bones, place them on cedar bark and return them to the

river. It is type of honouring the salmons.

iii. 1913

iv. A dramatic drop in the salmon run

v. 30 years

vi. “An anadromous fish is a fish which spawns in freshwater, migrates to the ocean

to grow up then returns to freshwater to spawn and complete its lifecycle.”

vii. 7

viii. 15 days

ix. 2,500 to 7,500 eggs

x. Yes, First Nations of B.C. have relied on salmon as a primary source of subsistence

before the salmon populations began declining. Furthermore, First Nation people


believe that disrespecting the salmons or dishonour them will cause them not to

back again.

xi. Farmed-salmon could be spreading disease into the wild

xii. 8 years

d.

i. 100,000

ii. 1858

iii. 1871

iv. 1866, 1868

v. 1880s, 15000 Chinese workers.

vi. 4 men

vii. November 7, 1885, at Craigellachie

viii. It unites the country and connects it from east to west.

ix. 1862

x. 66.67%

e.

i. Japan

ii. 3 years

iii. Dinosaur foot prints

iv. Difficult market conditions and lower prices.

v. Will be shut down

vi. 700 workers

vii. 1093

viii. Some are against this project because the risk it will bring to the wildlife include

oil spill, also because the infringed upon the rights of communities living along

pipelines path. While others support this project because the economic benefits it

will bring include reduction in oil transpiration and create new jobs.

ix. 25 billion dollar. Because there will be a refinery in Kitimat that will create 3000

jobs.

x. 3rd

xi. 3

xii. To meet Chinese and Singapore company to seek a potential of exporting BC

natural gas to China

xiii. It will benefit and strengthen the BC economy.

xiv. -160 c

xv. 600 times less

xvi. From new dam at Peace River, BC.

xvii. Many farmlands around the dam will be flooded include several dozen homes,

several highways and territory for first nation used for hunting.

xviii. 225

xix. Fiber supply


xx. 18.3 million hectares

xxi. -25 c

xxii. Mature lodgepole

xxiii. 57%

xxiv. Yes


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answer sheet google earth 2014

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