answer key teacher guide lessons - : : the mcgraw-hill ... · pdf filethese ufos appeared in...

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ANSWER KEY Critical Reading Teacher Guide 1

Aliens & UFOsGraphic Organizers

Sample Lesson UFOs over WashingtonGraphic Organizer 3Possible Answers:Learned: These UFOs appeared in July 1952 in the skies over

Washington, D.C., and New York City. Airport workers, air force personnel, pilots, and average people saw them. The air force explained them as a visual trick that resulted from hot, humid weather conditions.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 The Roswell IncidentGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Mac Brazel told the sheriff that something had

fallen out of the sky and onto his land. Fact

Reports about UFO sightings are not interesting. Opinion

People should always believe what the air force tells them. Opinion

The air force changed its story about what happened in Roswell. Fact

Some witnesses report that they saw strange-looking bodies. Fact

It’s obvious that the air force is covering up something. Opinion

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Disaster in the AirGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Mantell:UFO encounter happened in the United States in

1948

fl ew a military plane

investigated a reported sighting

chased a UFO

crashed and died

Both:were pilots

saw a large, metallic-looking UFO

did not return alive from their encounters

“natural” explanations suggested for both disasters

Valentich:UFO encounter happened in Australia in 1978

fl ew a small private plane

made the initial sighting

seems to have been chased by a UFO

disappeared; neither a body nor wreckage was found

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Lubbock Lights: UFOs over TexasGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Several people, including college professors, saw

lights in the sky.

In every case, the lights were fl ying in formation.

No natural phenomena gave a reasonable explanation for the lights.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 An Encounter in New GuineaGraphic Organizer 5Answers:A sparkling object descended toward Reverend Gill.

The UFO hovered above the ground for about four hours and then fl ew away.

When the UFO returned, Gill waved to the aliens, and they waved back.

Gill went inside, and the UFO disappeared from sight.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 What Did Flight 713 See?Graphic Organizer 2Possible answers:U.S. Air Force:Captain Killian was drinking.

The lights were from a refueling tanker.

Captain Killian:He never drinks before or during fl ights.

He knows what a refueling operation looks like. What he saw was bigger and faster.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 The Socorro SightingGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Burn marks and indentations were found at the site.

Zamora was considered “sincere, honest, and reliable.”

Others saw the blue fl ame.

A witness saw the police car drive toward the site.

Answer Key Teacher Guide Lessons

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Unit 1, Lesson 7 Incident at ExeterGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:What Norman Muscarello Saw:a huge (“big as a house”) round object with pulsing

red lights

silent; hovering and moving clumsily (wobbling)

What the Exeter Police Saw:a huge, round, hovering object, fl oating and

wobbling

fi ve bright red lights, dimming in sequence

What Other People Saw:woman driver: followed by a silent object with

fl ashing red lights

man in phone booth: a fl ying saucer

Virginia Hale: a large dome-shaped object with a bluish-green glow

Joseph Jalbert: a reddish cigar-shaped object that released a reddish-orange disk; a silver pipe touched power lines

Unit 2, Lesson 8 The Kecksburg Object: Cover-up of a UFO Landing? Graphic Organizer 2Answers: The object’s brilliance was dazzling. Opinion

The object could be seen across seven states. Fact

The crash occurred at 4:44 p.m. on December 9, 1965. Fact

The falling meteor was a reasonable explanation. Opinion

A Soviet Kosmos-96 satellite fell to Earth on December 9, 1965. Fact

The answer lies beyond the planet Earth. Opinion

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Kim’s Story: The Big BubbleGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:“shiny, like the toaster in the kitchen”

“like Daddy’s car but higher”

a door and a rectangular window

red lights and a fl ashing green light

a man in white with black buttons

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Encounter in Nebraska Graphic Organizer 4Pictures will vary.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Dr. X Finds a Cure: A Healing EncounterGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Causes:Dr. X’s baby was crying.

Dr. X had hurt his leg while chopping wood.

His right arm and leg were cured, and he got feeling back.

Dr. X had an encounter with a UFO.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 The Delphos RingGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Details:Samples of the soil contained fairy ring mushrooms,

which can glow.

The Johnsons reported their story to the newspaper instead of the police.

The Johnsons said their fi ngers were numb, but they didn’t go to a doctor.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 The Pascagoula EncounterGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The creatures had bulletlike heads and no necks.

Their skin was grayish and wrinkled, like an elephant’s skin.

The faces had slits for mouths, cone-shaped appendages for noses and ears, and no eyes.

Their arms looked like lobsters’ pincers.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 The Beit Bridge EncounterGraphic Organizer 5Answers:The Blackwells passed what they thought was a

speed trap.

Susan noticed lights to the left side of their car.

The trip meter on the Blackwell’s car showed only 10 1/2 miles.

The Blackwells agreed to be hypnotized.


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Unit 3, Lesson 15 The Woodcutter’s Tale: Abducted by AliensGraphic Organizer1Possible answers:Spontaneous: Travis jumped from the truck and ran

toward the glowing object.

Brave: Travis struck out at an alien and ran to another room.

Opportunistic: Travis wrote a book about his abduction.

Convincing: Travis convinced many people that he was telling the truth.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 The Mysterious Men in BlackGraphic Organizer 4Answers will vary

Unit 3, Lesson 17 The Allagash AbductionGraphic Organizer 2Answers:They built a roaring campfi re. Fact

Something signifi cant had happened. Opinion

They fi nished their camping trip and returned home. Fact

A hypnotist spent a total of 12 hours hypnotizing and interviewing the four men. Fact

What was revealed was almost too frightening to believe. Opinion

It was a powerful case. Opinion

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Attack in MinnesotaGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The car’s clock and Johnson’s watch stopped

running for 14 minutes.

Some of the car damage couldn’t be explained.

Something had burned his eyes.

Something caused Johnson to lose control of his car.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Betty Cash’s OrdealGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:The car got so hot that Landrum’s hand left an

imprint on the dashboard.

Cash got sick within 30 minutes after the event and got blisters all over.

Landrum’s eyes were runny and sore, and she felt sick to her stomach.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 The Human ExperimentGraphic Organizer 6Possible answers:1977: Kathie Davis was abducted from a car.

1979: Aliens inserted a probe into Kathie’s nose.

June 30, 1983: A “presence” held Kathie and inserted a pencil-like object into her ear.

July 1983: A weird pattern of dead grass appeared on the Davises’ lawn.

November 1983: Kathie was subjected to a medical exam; she saw an alien leave her son’s bedroom.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 The Chosen One: Communion with AliensGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:What They Looked Like: They had two dark holes

for eyes and a black line of a mouth.

What They Did: They inserted a needle into Strieber’s brain.

Where They Were: They were in a messy round room.

Why They Acted As They Did: They said that Strieber was the chosen one.


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ApparitionsGraphic Organizers

Sample Lesson The West Point GhostGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Cadet Captain Bakken was asleep when loud shouts

awakened him. Fact

The story found its way to the newspapers. Fact

The ghost had to be real. Opinion

Midshipman Gravell could not have done what he claimed. Opinion

Room 4714 was opened again in 1978. Fact

Perhaps it was the product of a prank after all. Opinion

Unit 1, Lesson 1 The Bell WitchGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Effects:The Bells searched the house from top to bottom to

look for the source.

The Bells kept their problem a secret for almost a year.

Kate Batts had many enemies.

People thought that Betsy might be causing the problem.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 The Gray Man of Pawley’s IslandGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Mary McLendon was walking on the beach when

she saw the Gray Man.

Mary and her grandmother left the island before a hurricane hit.

After the storm, their property was untouched even though other houses were swept away.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Strange Happenings at the Harvard Exit TheaterGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Women gathered at the stately building to lobby

for voting rights.

Janet Wainwright saw a transparent woman reading a book.

Alan Blangy heard the exit door open and close but did not see any people.

Investigators came to check out the theater.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 The Ghosts of Flight 401Graphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Outer Bubbles:A fl ight attendant saw the ghost of Don Repo.

Crew members saw Captain Loft. Then the fi gure disappeared.

Fuller got information about the crash from a Ouija board.

Fuller got messages that only Repo would know.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Ocean-Born MaryGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Ocean-Born Mary was born on a ship in 1720. Fact

Pedro buried treasure in Henniker, NH. Legend

Mary wore a wedding dress made of green silk with embroidered fl owers on it. Fact

Mary lived in the Ocean-Born Mary house. Legend

Pedro gave Mary a coach-and-four to drive and took care of her children. Legend

Mary is buried in a cemetery in Henniker, NH. Fact

Unit 1, Lesson 6 The Case of the Missing SecretaryGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:What I Know:When I turn pale, I am frightened.

People often open their eyes very wide when they are surprised.

Sometimes when I am afraid to say something, it’s because I know something I don’t want to share.

People will often suddenly stop what they are doing when they are surprised by something.

Inferences:Stella was frightened.

Mrs. Bell was surprised by what Vera told her.

Stella knew what happened to Hester and that Hester would not be coming back.

The women were surprised. They could not explain what was happening.

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Unit 1, Lesson 7 Peter and Jenny Rugg: Ghostly Riders in the RainGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:She loved the way the wind blew through her hair.

Jenny clung to her father’s arm while he struggled to see the path through the wild storm.

Both father and daughter seemed to glow with an unearthly light.

Both were dripping wet. Both looked badly frightened.

Unit 2, Lesson 8 Osceola’s HeadGraphic Organizer 6Possible answers:1835: The U.S. government tried to make the

Seminole sign a treaty and move to Oklahoma.

1837: Osceola was moved to prison in South Carolina.

1838: Osceola died.

1866: Osceola’s head was destroyed in a museum fi re in New York.

Today: People visit Castillo de San Marcos and look for the ghost of Osceola’s head.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Whaley House Graphic Organizer 8Answers:Yankee Jim Robinson: He was charged with stealing a boat.

He was hanged in 1852 where the Whaley House would later be built.

Thomas Whaley:He signed a contract with the city of San Diego.

He wore heavy boots and smoked cigars.

Both:Some believe his ghost inhabits the Whaley House.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Roland’s Exorcism Graphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Bloody scratches appeared on Roland’s arms.

Doctors could not help Roland.

After many exorcisms, Roland got better.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Tragedy at Borley RectoryGraphic Organizer 2Answers:The nun fell in love with the monk. Fact

Henry Bull should not have built a house where the monastery had stood. Opinion

An old skeleton was found buried beneath the rubble. Fact

According to the legend, the two monks were hanged. Fact

Many ministers decided not to work in Borley Rectory. Fact

There have to be logical explanations for the noises and sightings at Borley Rectory. Opinion

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Sarah’s Ghost House: An Architectural Fun HouseGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Effects:

The spirits of people killed by Winchester rifl es were seeking revenge.

Sarah saw mediums and went to séances.Sarah moved to San Jose and continued to build

onto her new house.Work done one day was undone and redone the

next.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 A Tower Full of GhostsGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Anne Boleyn was unjustly imprisoned and later

beheaded at the Tower of London.An innocent Countess of Salisbury was beheaded.Lady Jane Grey’s ghost has been seen on the

anniversary of her death.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 Harvey of Fort Sam HoustonGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Harvey was not malicious, but he could be a

nuisance.

Harvey liked to play practical jokes, like opening the windows.

Harvey was a friendly, playful ghost.

Harvey liked beautiful music.


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Unit 2, Lesson 15 The Return of Nelly ButlerGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Idea 1: Abraham Cummings did not believe there

was a ghost until he saw it with his own eyes.

Idea 2: Cummings began to record the ghost’s appearances and later wrote an account of them.

Idea 3: Other people did not believe there was a ghost. They thought the Blaisdels were making it up so that Captain Butler would marry their daughter.

Bottom box: Summaries will include the points above.

Unit 2, Lesson 16 A Beverly Hills Ghost: Haunting the Rich and FamousGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers: Effect 1: They hired a team of termite inspectors to

look for hidden entrances to the house.

Effect 2: An architect searched for hidden rooms in the house.

Effect 3: Professional ghost hunters were hired.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 The Haunted U-BoatGraphic Organizer 5Answers:On its fi rst dive, the U-65 was stuck underwater for

more than 12 hours.

After the examination, a torpedo exploded on deck and killed an offi cer and fi ve crewmen.

Sailors fi rst saw the ghost of the dead offi cer.

A clergyman performed an exorcism of the U-65.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Lady in BlackGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Practical: When her husband went to war, Sarah

kept herself busy.

Determined: Sarah went to Hull even though her family thought it was a bad idea.

Careful: Before she went to the prison, she studied the walls, their distance from the shore, and when the guards patrolled.

Courageous: Sarah crossed the harbor in a boat during a storm and went to the Corridor of Dungeons by herself.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Ghosts in the CapitalGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Washington, D.C., is a supernatural city. Opinion

A ghost lives in the White House. Opinion

John Quincy Adams had a heart attack in the Capitol Building. Fact

The Octagon House was built in 1800 for John Tayloe. Fact

Dr. William Thornton was the architect for both the Capitol and the Octagon House. Fact

The Octagon House became the most haunted house in Washington, D.C. Opinion

Unit 3, Lesson 20 The Smurl HauntingGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:One spirit was a harmless old woman.

One spirit was an insane and violent young woman.

One spirit was a very violent man.

One spirit was a demon that wanted to destroy the family.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Spiritualism: Fact or Fraud? Graphic Organizer 1Possible answers:shrewd: Leah thought of the idea of making money

from the rapping.

dishonest: Margaret confessed to making the noises herself.

wily: Leah continued performing even after the revelation and made a lot of money.


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CalamitiesGraphic Organizers

Sample Lesson The Philadelphia KillerGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers.The Philadelphia killer is Legionnaires’ disease.

The victims got the disease while they were at the hotel.

The symptoms of the disease do not come right away but occur after a few days.

Since only Legionnaires got sick, the disease is not spread from person to person.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Nightmare on Chemical Street: The Love Canal Story Graphic Organizer 2Answers:Love Canal seemed like a great place to bring up

kids. Opinion

Rusted metal barrels began to rise to the surface. Fact

Many residents were suffering from health problems. Fact

The federal government helped New York State buy the homes closest to the dump site. Fact

Love Canal must be one of the safest places to live in Niagara Falls by now. Opinion

Unit 1, Lesson 2 The Sweatshop InfernoGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers.Employees worked long hours in unhealthy and

unsafe conditions for little pay.

Children were employed to do adult jobs.

The factory had only one tiny fi re escape.

The doors to the stairwell were often kept locked.

Big rooms were packed with sewing machines that leaked oil onto cloth scraps.

The air was full of lint and thread.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Killer Tornado!Graphic Organizer 1Possible answers:It was picking cars and fl inging them everywhere.

The cloud was full of tin, boards, fl ying cows, cornstalks, and bits of trees.

The storm moved a bathtub several hundred feet.

The sky was “black as night, just boiling.”

After the storm, it was “like a vacuum cleaner” just sucked houses away.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 The Schoolyard TragedyGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Woman and children worried that they wouldn’t

see their husbands and fathers again.

People worried when the waste pile grew to be more than 100 feet.

Black streams of coal dust washed into Moy Road and formed sticky mud in the schoolyard.

Houses were crashed fl at, and children in the schoolyard were buried.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 The Crash of TWA Flight 800Graphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Box 1: Some people thought the plane exploded

because of a terrorist attack.

Box 2: Other people thought a natural disaster, such as a meteor, had caused the explosion.

Box 3: It took a year and a half for investigators to fi nd that a mechanical failure had caused the explosion.

Bottom Box: Summary will include points above.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 A Dance with DeathGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Before:Sky bridges were suspended from the ceiling and

spanned across the atrium.

About 2,000 dancers danced, drank, and talked in the atrium.

An orchestra played dance tunes.

People danced on the narrow sky bridges.

After:People went fl ying and were crushed under

concrete slabs.

Huge dust clouds and gas fumes fi lled the air.

Dancers were piled on top of one another.

Water pipes burst and fl ooded the lobby.


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Unit 1, Lesson 7 In the Eye of the StormGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Thunderstorms moved from West Africa over the

Atlantic.

Forecasters named the storm Hurricane Andrew.

The storm struck the Bahamas.

Hurricane Andrew came ashore in Dade County.

Hurricane Andrew slammed into Louisiana.

Unit 2, Lesson 8 Sabotage in the DesertGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Quick-thinking: The crew used sledgehammers to

smash windows.

Selfl ess: The crew helped injured and elderly passengers.

Brave: The crew dropped into the cars to rescue other people.

Effi cient: The crew had pulled most people out of the train by the time the rescuers arrived.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Poison on the Drugstore ShelfGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:People were afraid to buy products from stores.

Johnson & Johnson stopped making Tylenol and took it off store shelves.

Manufacturers made safer packaging for food and medicine.

Some cities and towns banned trick-or-treating on Halloween.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Fire in the SubwayGraphic Organizer 2Answers:The tragedy could have been much worse. Opinion

The safety report declared that the subway system was unsafe. Fact

The passing trains should have let trapped passengers aboard. Opinion

Thirty people died in the fi re. Fact

The fi re caused an electrical blackout Fact

Unit 2, Lesson 11 The World Series EarthquakeGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Nimitz Freeway:A mile-long stretch of roadway collapsed.

Concrete fell on cars below.

Thirty-fi ve people died.

Both:The upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck.

Bay Bridge:A 50-foot section of the bridge collapsed.

One driver was killed.

Cars teetered on the brink.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 A Deadly MistakeGraphic Organizer 5Possible answers:Rogers saw high-speed Iranian gunboats headed

his way.

The Aegis sent radio messages to the Airbus, asking it to identify itself.

The Aegis sent three warnings to the plane.

Captain Rogers gave the green light to fi re on the plane; 290 people were killed.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 The North Sea Oil Rig ExplosionGraphic Organizer 2Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 Baby Jessica: The Miracle of Midland Graphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Heated air was forced into the opening to keep

Jessica warm.

Rescuers drilled a hole beside the well shaft.

Rescuers took turns operating a 45-pound jackhammer while lying on their stomachs underground.

For the last stretch, rescuers used a high-pressure water drill to cut through rock.


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Unit 3, Lesson 15 Oil, Oil EverywhereGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Hazelwood had a couple of drinks before boarding

the ship and gave control of the ship to a third mate.

The Coast Guard did not track the Valdez by radar.

Exxon ignored Hazelwood’s drinking problem.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 Soccer Fans in a Death TrapGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:The loyalty of English soccer fans has sometimes

gotten out of control.

Mobs have damaged property and started deadly brawls with rival fans.

English fans have been so violent that for several years their teams were barred from European competitions.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Challenger: The Final CountdownGraphic Organizer 5Answers:President Reagan announced that a teacher would

be the fi rst civilian to travel in space.

Christa McAuliffe went through 114 hours of space fl ight training.

The offi cial countdown began, and the liftoff was spectacular.

The families founded the Challenger Center for Space Science Education.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 The Great Mississippi Flood of 1993Graphic Organizer 6Possible answers:Fall 1992: Heavy rains saturated the soil; the soil

didn’t dry out before winter.

March 1993: Unusually heavy downpours fell over the Midwest.

May 1993: Parts of the Midwest were underwater.

June 1993: Torrential rains and thunderstorms left even more water that had no place to go.

July 1993: Nearly all the levees broke between Hannibal and St. Louis.

August 1993: The fl ood fi nally crested at Cairo, Illinois.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Danger Behind Locked DoorsGraphic Organizer 2Answers:A fuel line ruptured at 8:00 A.M. at Imperial Food

Products. Fact

The plant owner was concerned more about production than safety. Opinion

A 20-year prison sentence is not a harsh enough punishment. Opinion

Unit 3, Lesson 20 The World’s Worst Accident: Massacre at BhopalGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The heavy gas formed a dense fog that fl oated close

to the ground.

Cattle and dogs dropped to the ground and died where they lay.

People groped and stumbled their way along crowded roads.

Every street was littered with the bodies of people and animals.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 The Oklahoma City BombingGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:The bomb went off in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal

Building at 9:02 in the morning.

Nineteen children who were in a day care center died.

A truck fi lled with 4,000 pounds of explosives blew up, causing a powerful explosion.

At the time, the bombing was the worst case of domestic terrorism in the United States.


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Daredevils Graphic Organizers

Sample Lesson Volcano WatchersGraphic Organizer 1 Possible answers:Molten rock had pushed its way up into the

volcano.

There was a loud boom and a dark cloud rising above the crater.

Blocks of hot rocks fell all around the scientists.

One person got crushed by a block of hot rock.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Maniacs on BikesGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Bike messengers zip at very high speeds just an inch

or two from a bumper or a kneecap.

Bike messengers ride at 25 to 30 miles per hour.

They don’t follow the rules of the road and often ignore red lights.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 “Queen Bess” ColemanGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Hard-working: She worked hard to earn money for

a trip to France.

Skilled: She became the fi rst black woman to earn a pilot’s license.

Daring: She performed stunts in her airplane.

Famous: Crowds came to see her perform.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Jackie Chan: Actor and StuntmanGraphic Organizer 3 Possible answers:Learned:Chan does all of his own stunts.

Chan has broken almost all of his bones and has a hole in his head.

Chan has made more than 40 fi lms.

Chan was trained at the Chinese Opera Institute.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 Rodeo ClownsGraphic Organizer 2Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Christiane Amanpour: On the Front LinesGraphic Organizer 6 Answers:She raced as a jockey and won a fi rst-place cup.

Her family lost their money and started from scratch.

She went to the University of Rhode Island.

She was a foreign correspondent in Germany.

She saw the Iraqi tanks crush Kuwait.

She reported on bombing raids in Baghdad.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay: Conquering EverestGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers: Effects:He fell into a deep crevasse.

Tenzing was able to pull Hillary up from the crevasse.

It is diffi cult to breathe, and climbers bring their own oxygen.

Everything takes at least fi ve times as long to do.

Unit 1, Lesson 7 Craig Breedlove: Speed on WheelsGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Breedlove bought a surplus jet engine. Fact

Arfons took the lead again. Fact

He switched to quarter-mile drag racing. Fact

Both runs must be made within one hour. Fact

He was going far too fast. Opinion

Unit 2, Lesson 8 The Great Wallendas: Danger on the High WireGraphic Organizer 6Possible answers:1925: Karl Wallenda invented a pyramid act on the

high wire.

1928: The Wallendas performed their act without a net.

1947: Karl Wallenda invented a seven-person pyramid.

1960: Karl’s wife Helen stopped performing.

1962: The Wallendas had a tragic accident.

1978: Karl Wallenda fell to his death.


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Unit 2, Lesson 9 Mary Kingsley: ExplorerGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:She fell into a game trap.

She went to parts of Africa where no white person had gone.

She taught herself how to canoe.

She climbed Mount Cameroon, taking the diffi cult route.

She visited the feared Fang people of Gabon.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Mario Andretti: Racing LegendGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Learned:Mario Andretti raced and won championships in the

three main classes.

Andretti started racing when he was 13.

In 1965 and 1966 Andretti won the national driving championship.

Andretti raced in his fi nal Indy 500 in 1994.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Julie Krone: JockeyGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Krone rode fi ve winners in one day.

Krone was the fi rst female jockey to ride in the Belmont Stakes.

In 1982 Krone won 155 races at Atlantic City.

Krone won millions of dollars and thousands of races.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Climbing Frozen WaterfallsGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:The screw can pull out of the ice, and the climber

will fall.

The sun can weaken the ice, causing it to give way.

An avalanche, high winds, or a sudden storm can lead to a fall.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 Hollywood StuntwomenGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers: Conclusion:Stuntwomen are athletic and skilled, but they are

daredevils.

Details:Stuntwomen ski down glaciers and drive in high-

speed chases.

Stuntwoman Anita Hart fell through a sliding glass door, bounced off a balcony, and plunged into the harbor.

Stuntwomen work with a very small margin of error, and the smallest thing could cost them their lives.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 Cristina Sanchez: Bullfi ghterGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Her father discouraged her.

Most men jeered and laughed at her.

Other female bullfi ghters were unsuccessful or unlucky.

She was gored three times.

Unit 3, Lesson 15 Operation Desert Hell: Fighting Oil Well FiresGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Adair’s Previous Fires:Located in Algeria, Louisiana, and the North Sea

Only one fi re to put out

Adair and his company could put out the fi res alone.

Both:Killing the fi res was a hazardous job.

The heat can reach 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

The fi res seemed unstoppable.

Operation Desert Hell:More than 500 oil well fi res

The smoke blotted out the sun and spread as far away as Hawaii.

Desert winds fanned the fi res.

Had to avoid mines and unexploded bombs in the ground


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Unit 3, Lesson 16 Picabo Street: Fearless SkierGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Kicked Off Team:She didn’t want to follow the team schedule.

She had a bad attitude and was quarrelsome.

She didn’t push herself, wasn’t well conditioned, and failed to do the exercises.

Put Back On:She went home to train with her father.

She kept up a strict regimen of exercise.

The coach believed she could become the greatest skier ever.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Elephant KeepersGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Elephants are naturally social creatures, so living

without a mate can lead to unhappiness.

Separating elephants from their mates or offspring can lead to elephants becoming angry.

Being confi ned can cause elephants to get angry.

Loud noises or fl ashes from cameras can upset elephants.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Tour de France: World-Famous Bicycle RaceGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:A mechanic hangs out a car window to make

adjustments to the bike.

Cobblestone roads get slippery when wet.

Riders climb 6,000-foot peaks and race down hairpin turns.

Riders pedaled shoulder to shoulder.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Free Diving DaredevilsGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Inference: He may have ascended too quickly, and his body did

not adjust to the changing water pressure.

Details:He was desperately clawing for the surface.

He blacked out.

He vomited blood into the mask.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 Alison Hargreaves: Mountain ClimberGraphic Organizer 5Possible answers:She became a professional mountain climber when

she was 18.

She was the fi rst to climb the six highest peaks in the Alps in one season.

She conquered Mount Everest alone and without oxygen.

After reaching the summit of K2, she died during her descent.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Cliff Diving in AcapulcoGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Brave: Each day, the divers risk their lives diving

from the cliff.

Careful: The divers watch the waves for the safest time to dive.

Religious: The divers kneel and pray before each dive.

Athletic: They lift weights and run.


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Deceptions Graphic Organizers

Sample Lesson Milli VanilliGraphic Organizer 1 Possible answers:Clever: Milli Vanilli came up with a clever deception

to become famous.

Talented: Rob and Fab were talented dancers even though they could not sing.

Arrogant: Rob and Fab did not thank anyone, when they accepted their Grammy.

Successful: Milli Vanilli sold millions of albums, made a lot of money, and received a Grammy.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 P.T. Barnum: The Prince of HumbugGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:He believed it was okay to tell whoppers to get rich

and famous.

He fooled people into believing an old woman was George Washington’s nurse.

He spent his life looking for the bizarre and grotesque.

People came to see a mermaid.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Sarah Emma Edmonds: Union SpyGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Sarah disguised herself as a slave named Ned.

Sarah posed as a female Irish peddler.

Sarah got a job as a cook and served Southern offi cers.

Sarah wrote a book about being a spy.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 The Trojan HorseGraphic Organizer 3 Possible answers:The Trojan War began because Paris of Troy fell in

love with Helen of Sparta.

More than 1,000 Greek ships went to fi ght the Trojans.

The war lasted for 10 years.

Greek soldiers hid inside a big wooden horse to gain access to Troy.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 New Era Rip-OffGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Investors are promised they will make a lot of

money.

The fi rst investors make money from the next set of investors’ money.

The scheme lures many investors, and it works for a while.

The scheme eventually falls apart, and innocent people lose money.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Ffyona CampbellGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:She went back and walked the 1,000-mile stretch.

She couldn’t enjoy her accomplishments.

She admitted her lie.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 David Williams: ImpostorGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Dr. David Williams:He was a health teacher for the Long Island

Minority AIDS Coalition.

He wrote prescriptions.

He ordered $87,000 in Medicaid services.

Colonel David Williams:He directed helicopter landings after Flight 800

crashed.

He gave a class on medical training at McGuire Air Force Base.

He inspected army units to be sure they were ready for war.

Unit 1, Lesson 7 Marie Hilley: The Perfect Wife and MotherGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Everyone thought Marie Hilley loved her husband

and was a grieving widow.

The doctors didn’t look at arsenic poisoning as the cause of death.

Doctors ruled the cause of death to be hepatitis.


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Unit 2, Lesson 8 Uri Geller: Is He for Real?Graphic Organizer 2Answers:Geller does not have supernatural powers. Opinion

Geller served in the Israeli army. Fact

His act was impressive. Opinion

He was just a gifted magician. Opinion

Scientists conducted tests but came to no conclusions. Fact

Geller appeared on the Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. Fact

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Janet Cooke: Disgraced JournalistGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Jimmy:Eight-year-old African American boy

needle marks freckling the baby-smooth skin

velvety brown eyes

fancy running shoes

getting shots of heroin since he was fi ve

Jimmy’s Apartment:home in worst section of Washington, D.C.

brown shag rug

fake bamboo blinds

eight-foot sofa

Unit 2, Lesson 10 The King of Romance (and Deception)Graphic Organizer 3Possible answers:My Inference:Many of the women were his wives who wanted to

see him punished.

Gardiner trusted Vigliotto.

Vigliotto was a clever man who knew how to get what he wanted.

Clark was an angry woman who was determined to punish Vigliotto.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Aldrich Ames: TraitorGraphic Organizer 2Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Rosie Ruiz: Marathon FraudGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Ruiz was hardly sweating when she crossed the

fi nish line.

No one had seen Ruiz running throughout the race.

A doctor examined Ruiz and said she defi nitely did not run the whole race.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 The Hitler Diaries HoaxGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:There were factual errors in the diaries.

Hitler hated to write, and he always dictated his notes or letters.

The handwriting didn’t change over time, as it should have.

The books, which were supposed to be more than 50 years old, showed little wear.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 Charles StuartGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Details:The Boston police questioned the men of Mission Hill.

The police arrested William Bennett, and Stuart picked him out of a police lineup.

Stuart told police that Charles was guilty of murder.

Summary will include points above.

Unit 3, Lesson 15 Priceless FakesGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Hans van Meegeren:He was a specialist in the works of one artist, Vermeer.

He was angry at art critics who didn’t like his work.

He became a folk hero to the Dutch people.

Tom Keating:He forged the works of more than 100 artists.

He often wrote the word fake in his forgeries.

All the charges against him were dropped.

He was angry at art dealers who made so much money off artists’ work.

Both:He was a professional forger.

He went to art school and worked as an art restorer.


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He took great care producing his forgeries.

He was arrested.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 Katherine Ann Power: Life on the RunGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Before the Robbery:She was a star student at a private school in Denver.

She enjoyed reading, sewing, and cooking.

She was a student at Brandeis University.

Life on the Run:She crisscrossed the country and kept a low profi le.

She took on the identity of Alice Metzinger, a baby who had died long before.

She got married, had a baby, and opened a successful restaurant.

After Surrendering:She arranged a deal with police and put her affairs

in order.

She told her friends the truth about her background.

She was sentenced to jail.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Quiz Show FixGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Effects:NBC developed Twenty-One.

Twenty-One was a dud at fi rst.

The audience was disappointed.

Enright coached Stempel and gave him the right answers.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Mata Hari: From Footlights to Firing SquadGraphic Organizer 5Possible answers:Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born in 1876.

Zelle married Captain Rudolf MacLeod.

She moved to Paris, chose the new name Mata Hari, and became a “Hindu” dancer.

Between 1905 and 1914, Mata Hari performed all over Europe.

Mata Hari took money to spy for both Germany and France.

In 1917 Mata Hari was executed by a French fi ring squad.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 The Tuskegee ExperimentGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Author’s Viewpoint:The Tuskegee Experiment was a despicable plan.

Details:U.S. offi cials withheld treatment for syphilis.

U.S. offi cials tricked African American men into participating.

U.S. offi cials allowed the disease to slowly kill many of the men.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 The Psychic Who Wasn’tGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:A TV station crew member said the tape had been

made on March 31.

The TV station manager believed the piece had never aired before April 2.

The original tape was found, and Rand had not predicted the shooting.

Dick Maurice confessed that he had gone along with the hoax.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 The War of the WorldsGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Martian Invasion:At least 40 people are dead, and their bodies are

burned and distorted.

A fl aming object crashed, and it seemed to be a metal cylinder.

Something wriggled out of the shadow like a gray snake.

The slimy creatures were Martians.

Audience Reaction:Thousands of panic-stricken people were running

through the streets and shouting, “The world is coming to an end.”

Terrorized listeners put towels over their faces.

People fl ed the city and caused huge traffi c jams.

People were running wild through the streets.


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DisastersGraphic Organizers

Sample Lesson Andrea Doria Buried at Sea Graphic Organizer 4Possible answers:The Stockholm easily sliced a V-shaped gash

through the Andrea Doria.

Seawater poured into the huge hole in the Andrea Doria.

Some of the lifeboats were useless.

Four ships in the area came to the rescue.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Death of a DreamGraphic Organizer 2Answers:This was going to be the time of their lives. Opinion

There were three ice skating pairs on the plane. Fact

The brightest star of all was a singles skater. Opinion

Laurie had great skill, dazzling grace, and a winning smile. Opinion

Laurie came from a skating family. Fact

Still, she had just won the U.S. senior pairs championship. Fact

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Custer’s Last Stand: Battle of the Little BighornGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Custer was a general in the Civil War.

Custer went to the Black Hills on an exploratory trip.

The Sioux and Cheyenne banded together near Little Bighorn River.

Terry told Custer to take the Seventh to the Little Bighorn Valley and wait there.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Tragedy at the Sunshine Silver Mine Graphic Organizer 7Possible answer:Ron Flory and Tom Wilkenson were courageous,

patient, and resourceful. These qualities helped them survive being trapped in the mine for so many days.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 Pompeii: The City That Slept for 1,500 YearsGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:A black cloud shaped like a pine tree formed over

Vesuvius.

Ash, stone, and pieces of hardened lava spurted out of the volcano.

The clouds of ash caused lightning storms and rain.

The paste of ash, mud, and rain covered the city.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 London Falls to Ashes: The Great Fire of LondonGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:The fi re spread quickly and destroyed churches,

homes, and factories.

Books stored in Old Saint Paul’s Cathedral were destroyed when the church collapsed.

The fi re completely destroyed 463 acres, including 400 streets and 13,000 houses.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 “Hindenburg: Last of the Great DirigiblesGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Static electricity caused by the rainstorm ignited the

hydrogen gas.

There was a bomb planted on board.

When the engines went into reverse, sparks ignited escaped, fl ammable hydrogen.

Unit 1, Lesson 7 Take to the Hills! The Johnstown Dam Is Going!Graphic Organizer 5Answers:Workers piled dirt on the dam.

John Parke rode into the valley, warning, “The dam is going!”

A big notch developed in the top of the dike.

John Hess tied down the locomotive’s whistle as a warning.


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Unit 2, Lesson 8 Death on the Unsinkable Titanic Graphic Organizer 3Possible answers:The captain held the ship to a speedy 22 knots for

most of the voyage.

The iceberg left a 300-foot wound in the Titanic’s side.

At fi rst, passengers did not board the lifeboats because they did not believe the ship could sink.

More than 1,500 people died on the Titanic.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Hawaiian HurricaneGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Before the Hurricane:Wild orchids bloomed everywhere on the island.

The island was pristine.

The forests were a brilliant green.

There were fi elds of sugar cane.

Overhanging roofs helped funnel breezes into homes.

After the Hurricane:Roofs were lifted off houses and blown away.

Buildings were completely destroyed.

Fields of sugar cane were fl attened.

Trees fell over, and the forests looked brown.

Waves eroded beaches, washed out roads, and washed away cars.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 San Juan’s Towering InfernoGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:No one knew what horrors awaited them.

Over the last 10 days, four suspicious fi res had broken out.

There were rumors and warnings that “something was going to happen” and that people would be burned at the hotel.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Krakatoa: The Doomsday Crack Heard ’Round the World Graphic Organizer 4Pictures will vary.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Halifax: City Blown to PiecesGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Box 1: The Mont Blanc headed out to sea with its

cargo of explosives and fl ammable gas.

Box 2: The Imo collided with the Mont Blanc, causing its cargo of benzene to catch on fi re.

Box 3: The Mont Blanc was abandoned, and the ship exploded, setting off a chain of explosions along the Halifax pier. Three thousand acres were destroyed.

Bottom box: Summaries will include the points above.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 The Night a Town DisappearedGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Dogs wouldn’t stop barking.

The electricity in the town went off.

Big holes opened up in the road and swallowed cars and buses.

Whole houses were swept away by rivers of clay.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 The Circus Troupe’s Last PerformanceGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Traveling with a circus train would be a lot of fun.

Opinion

The circus train had four Pullman cars. Fact

Engineer Sargent’s troop train had traveled between New York and Chicago for three days. Fact

The circus train pulled off the track for repairs. Fact

Sargent should have been judged to be guilty. Opinion

Unit 3, Lesson 15 Black Death: The End of the WorldGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Learned:The Black Death got its name because infected

people’s skin had black patches.

The Black Death started in China and spread west into Europe.

Some people believed that the Black Death was the end of the world.

The cures were nearly as bad as the plague itself.


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Unit 3, Lesson 16 The Great Chicago FireGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Daniel Sullivan probably started the fi re in the barn.

At fi rst, fi refi ghters went to the wrong location, so the fi re spread out of control.

Wooden buildings and sidewalks sent fl ying sparks across the city.

The fi re destroyed millions of dollars worth of buildings and left thousands of people homeless.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Death on the MississippiGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The ship was overcrowded with ex-prisoners and

other passengers.

The steam boilers were leaking even after they had been repaired.

The steamer stopped fi rst in Vicksburg and then in Memphis.

The Sultana made slow progress because it carried too much weight.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 The Beirut Bombing: Deadly Terrorist AttackGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Beirut was no place for sitting ducks.

The Marines had been given an impossible mission.

The Marines could not solve the religious and ethnic issues that have divided the people.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Atomic Meltdown at ChernobylGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:A worker at a Swedish radiation plant had

dangerous levels of radiation on his clothing and set off the alarm.

Residents of Chernobyl had to be evacuated, leaving all their belongings behind.

Radioactive fallout contaminated not only Ukraine but many parts of Europe.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 The San Francisco EarthquakeGraphic Organizer 2Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Boston’s Great Molasses FloodGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:The tank was fi lled beyond capacity, and the

workmanship on the tank was shoddy.

The molasses was hot liquid, not cold and thick.

The molasses turned into crystallized sugar as it cooled.

Some horses were trapped in the molasses and were suffering.


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EccentricsGraphic Organizers

Sample Lesson Alvin “Shipwreck” Kelly: A Lucky FoolGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:offbeat: Shipwreck Kelly performed unusual stunts.

lucky: Shipwreck Kelly was lucky that people would pay to watch his stunts and that he never killed himself doing them.

foolish: It was foolish to sit on a pole fastened to the wing of a fl ying airplane.

determined: Shipwreck Kelly stayed up on a fl agpole for more than 49 days without coming down.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Snowfl ake Bentley: A Fascination with SnowGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Willie gathered a few prize samples of snowfl akes.

Willie dashed to the woodshed to get his microscope.

Willie sketched snowfl akes as fast as he could

Willie photographed snowfl akes.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Black Bart: Gentle BanditGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Black Bart committed a total of 28 robberies. Fact

Black Bart was a ghost. Opinion

Black Bart looked ridiculous in his disguise. Opinion

Black Bart wrote a poem after the robbery. Fact

Police arrested Black Bart in San Francisco. Fact

Charley Bolton made the right decision to leave his family for travel, excitement, and riches. Opinion

Unit 1, Lesson 3 George Kaufman: Keeping FitGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Effects:He never put his bare hand on a doorknob.

He avoided eating in restaurants.

People didn’t realize how fearful he was.

He had nightmares about getting sick.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 Doris Duke: Poor Little Rich GirlGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Doris Duke believed that everyone was after her

money, so she had no friends.

She was a follower of Norbu Chen in an effort to fi nd inner peace.

When Doris died, employees, not family or friends, were at her side.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Johnny Appleseed: Planting the WildernessGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:He often dressed in old coffee sacks and walked

around with a pan tied to his head.

Armed with only his good intentions and his sack full of seeds, he set out for the western wilderness.

For 50 years he wandered the frontier, digging little holes and dropping in apple seeds.

He slept on the ground and ate whatever nuts or berries he could fi nd.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 Diamond Jim Brady: Man with the Boundless AppetiteGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:He wore diamond rings, cuff links, and shirt studs.

Diamond Jim ate huge breakfasts, snacks, and dinners every day.

He gave an interest-free loan to a chocolate company to enable it to make enough chocolates for him.

Unit 1, Lesson 7 Lillie Hitchcock Coit: Chasing Fire EnginesGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Lillie had an odd fascination with fi re.

Lillie admired the fi refi ghters.

Lillie learned the alarm code and rushed toevery fi re.


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Unit 2, Lesson 8 Bill Veeck: Entertainingthe FansGraphic Organizer 6Answers:1941: Veeck bought the minor league Milwaukee

Brewers.

1943: Veeck joined the Marines.

1948: His team, the Cleveland Indians, won the American League pennant and the World Series while drawing more than 2.6 million fans.

1951: Eddie Gaedel, a midget, had an at-bat.

1959: His team, the Chicago White Sox, won the American League pennant while drawing more than 1.6 million fans.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Gertrude Lintz: How “Human” Are Apes?Graphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Ways the Apes Were Similar to Humans:They wore clothing.

They walked on their hind feet.

They did chores around the house.

They used proper table manners.

Ways the Apes Were Different from Humans:They lived in wooden cages.

They grew to be much bigger and stronger.

They had wild natural instincts.

When scared, they attacked.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Hetty Green: Money Was EverythingGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Hetty looked dirty and smelled bad.

Hetty was a wiser investor than her husband.

Hetty’s children did not have nice belongings or many advantages.

Hetty was stubborn and was not happy if she did not get what she wanted.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Alan Abel: Professional PranksterGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Abel tricked the New York Times into thinking he

was dead and writing an obituary for him.

Abel started SINA, a bogus organization that some people took seriously.

Abel had his wife pose as a Bronx housewife who was running for president.

Abel tricked the press into believing that someone named “Charlie Taylor” had won the lottery.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Ludwig II: The Dream KingGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:fanciful: He made believe he was riding to different

places in Germany when he was really riding in circles.

shy: He did not enjoy the company of people and almost always dined alone.

unusual: He invited his favorite horse to dinner.

irresponsible: He neglected his kingdom and spent too much money building castles.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 Salvador Dali: A Question of RealityGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Salvador Dali was a surrealist artist.

In addition to painting, Dali designed jewelry, furniture, and clothing.

Everyone believed that Dali was driven by a strange inner force.

Dali engaged in many public antics such as wearing a tuxedo covered with artifi cial fl ies.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 Sun Ra: Music from Outer SpaceGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The electric sound, the light shows, and the music

were ahead of their time.

The band members dressed in outrageous costumes like tuxedos, Robin Hood outfi ts, or white gloves and purple jackets.

Sun Ra and the band entered by crawling on their stomachs, and the fans could hear bodies creeping along the aisles.

The scene was often utter chaos with strong men fl exing muscles, fi re-eaters, or jugglers wandering around on the stage.


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Unit 3, Lesson 15 Norton I: Emperor of the United StatesGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Norton proclaimed himself emperor.

Norton published a statement dissolving Congress.

Norton printed his own money and started a system of taxation.

Norton proclaimed himself Protector of Mexico.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 Carry Nation: Fighting the “Hellish Poison”Graphic Organizer 6Answers:1869: Dr. Charles Gloyd drank himself to death.

1877: Carry married David Nation.

1890: Carry began to speak out against the evils of liquor.

1900: Carry trashed Mr. Dobson’s saloon.

1909: Carry attacked saloons using three hatchets that she named Faith, Hope, and Charity.

1910: May Maloy beat up Carry, and Carry retired her hatchets.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Vincent van Gogh: Tragic GeniusGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:hopeful: He wrote to his brother that he believed

there was something greater in his future.

creative: He stuck candles to his hat so that he could paint outside at night.

peculiar: He cut off his own right ear and gave it to a friend.

unhappy: He killed himself.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Amanda Feilding: Woman with a Hole in Her HeadGraphic Organizer 2Answers:A 7,000-year-old skeleton shows the earliest

evidence of trepanation. Fact

Dr. Huges never tried trepanation on himself. Fact

Feilding should run for public offi ce again. Opinion

Feilding videotaped the procedure. Fact

People should be more open to the idea of trepanation. Opinion

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Ferdinand Demara: The Great ImpostorGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Demara should be imprisoned for many years.

Opinion

Ferdinand Demara was an impostor. Fact

Ferdinand Demara was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1921. Fact

Everyone should like Demara. Opinion

Demara eventually settled in California. Fact

Unit 3, Lesson 20 Dennis Rodman: Bad as He Wants to BeGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Dennis Rodman led the National Basketball League

in rebounds year after year.

Dennis Rodman changed the color of his hair for every game.

In 1996 Rodman wrote a book called Bad As I Wanna Be.

Rodman quit his high school basketball team because he didn’t get much playing time.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Imelda Marcos: World’s Greatest ShopperGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Imelda lived in a broken-down garage.

Imelda opened up a new beach resort and had white sand sent from Australia.

Imelda was forced to fl ee the Philippines.

Investigators found 3,000 pairs of shoes.


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Eureka! Graphic Organizers

Sample Lesson The Birth of the Blues (Jeans, That Is)Graphic Organizer 4 Possible answers:Levi Strauss made pants out of canvas for the

miners.

Jacob Davis put copper rivets on the corners of the pockets and at the base of the fl y.

Davis and Strauss formed a partnership.

The back rivets were replaced by extra heavy stitching.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Granville T. Woods: The Unknown “Edison”Graphic Organizer 6Answers:1872: Woods became a fi reman and later an

engineer on a railroad.

1874: He moved to Springfi eld, Illinois, and worked in a steel mill.

1884: He received his fi rst U.S. patent for a steam boiler furnace.

1885: He received a patent for a machine that transmitted messages by electricity.

1886: The Catholic Tribune called him equal to, if not better than, any other inventor.

1887: He invented the Multiplex Railway Telegraph.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Marie and Pierre Curie: The Discovery of RadiumGraphic Organizer 4Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 What’s for Breakfast?Graphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Effects:The brothers experimented with blending whole

grains, fruits, and vegetables.

They made a decent substitute for coffee and milk from soy beans.

They developed delicious wheat fl akes, rice fl akes, and corn fl akes for breakfast foods.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 Balboa and the Pacifi cGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers: Balboa had 190 soldiers and a pack of ferocious

bloodhounds.

The jungle was so thick that the trees blotted out the sun.

There were nasty creatures like bats, fi re ants, and coral snakes.

At the top of the summit, Balboa saw a vast stretch of blue water.

When the men reached the sea, Balboa plunged in holding a sword and the Spanish fl ag.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 “Colonel Drake’s Folly”Graphic Organizer 1Possible answers: Creative: tried different ways to get the oil

Patient: kept trying until he succeeded

Resourceful: got loans from friends so he could continue his work

Neglectful: did not get a patent

Unit 1, Lesson 6 A Diamond Called EurekaGraphic Organizer 2Answers: Erasmus and his sister used the stone to play “Five

Stones.” Fact

Schalk van Niekirk should have paid the Jacobs for the stone. Opinion

O’Reilly and Boyes were greedy. Opinion

The shiny pebble turned out to be a diamond. Fact

The discovery of gold and diamonds helped make South Africa rich. Fact

Unit 1, Lesson 7 African Adventure: Seeking the Source of the NileGraphic Organizer 8Answers:Journey to Luta N’zige:They were slowed down by civil wars.

Kamrasi tried to add Florence to his harem.

Florence slipped into a coma.

Journey Back:They ate crocodile fl esh.

Food supplies were low.


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Both:They suffered hardships.

They discovered Murchison Falls.

A hippo attacked their canoe.

Unit 2, Lesson 8 The Emperor and His ArmyGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers: Gold and jade jewelry, silks, fi ne clothes, and

candles were placed inside.

The ceiling displayed drawings of the sky.

8,000 life-size terra cotta soldiers protected the tomb.

There were real chariots with life-size clay horses.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 The Inventing of Liquid PaperGraphic Organizer 6Answers: 1954: Bette Nesmith had the idea to paint over her

mistakes.

1956: Bette was bottling and selling Mistake Out.

1957: Bette got a patent for her product.

1958: Bette had a big break when her product appeared in a magazine.

1964: Bette was bottling 5,000 bottles of Liquid Paper per week.

1975: Bette was selling 25 million bottles of Liquid Paper per year.

1978: Bette sold her company to Gillette for nearly $48 million.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Machu Picchu: City in the CloudsGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers: The Hike:Bingham trudged past palm trees, under vines, and

over deadly snakes.

He crossed a deep canyon on a rickety, makeshift bridge.

He reached an Indian family who lived in a tiny hut.

The Discovery:Bingham saw a series of terraces where stone walls

lined a path.

He climbed a steep stairway and saw the ruins of an ancient city.

There were buildings with curving walls, a temple, and palaces.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 One Man’s Search for His RootsGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers: Haley was riddled with self-doubt.

He ran out of money and had to borrow from friends.

The rage he felt over slavery stymied his writing.

His publishers pressured him to write faster.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 The Secret of VaccinationGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers: Learned:Smallpox reached Europe around 710 A.D.

In the 1700s, more than one million Europeans per year died from smallpox.

Dr. Edward Jenner developed the fi rst safe smallpox vaccination in 1796.

Smallpox was wiped out by 1980.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 The Dead Sea ScrollsGraphic Organizer 2Answers: Fact:The boys saw a few clay jars, not treasures.

Previously, the oldest known Bible dated back1,100 years.

Researchers found bits and pieces from almost every book in the Bible.

Opinion:The scrolls were “the greatest manuscript discovery

of modern times.”

Cave 4 produced the most spectacular fi nd of all.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 “Today’s the Day!”Graphic Organizer 1Possible answers: Adventurous: He always wanted to do something

adventurous.

Creative: He experimented with underwater diving as a boy; he invented the “mailbox” as an adult.

Positive: Fisher’s optimism seemed superhuman.

Persistent: Even when things were hard, Fisher never gave up.


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Unit 3, Lesson 15 The Tomb of King TutGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Learned:Archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the tomb

on November 4, 1922.

King Tut was buried in a solid gold coffi n.

The tomb contained two golden chariots.

It took 10 years to excavate the tomb.

The contents of the tomb are on display at a Cairo museum.

King Tut’s tomb was the only tomb that had been left almost completely untouched.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 A Brilliant BlunderGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Joseph Priestley named the gum “rubber.”

Manufacturers that made rubber products went out of business.

Goodyear tried again and discovered the vulcanization process.

No one wanted to support him anymore; it took him fi ve years to get a patent.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 The Klondike Gold RushGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:All-Water Route: safest but most expensive route;

took the longest time

Skagway or Kyea, Alaska: thugs robbed and shot prospectors

Chilkoot Pass: extremely steep trail; prospectors had to scale up the mountain

White Pass: crude and narrow; many horses died; people got sick and died

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Louis Pasteur: Medical Wonder WorkerGraphic Organizer 5Answers: Pasteur fi gured out that rabies had to travel to the

brain or spinal cord.

Pasteur found the germ in the brains and spinal cords of victims and made a vaccine.

Pasteur put two healthy dogs in a cage with a rabid dog but treated only one dog.

The untreated dog got rabies and died, but the vaccine saved the treated dog.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 The Search for Ancient AncestorsGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers: She found hominid footprints that were over

3.5 million years old.

She discovered a fossilized ape skull that was 16 million years old.

She found parts of an ancient skull dating back 1.8 million years.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 Finding the TitanicGraphic Organizer 2Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Studying the Secret Lives of OrangutansGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers: Birute doggedly followed orangutans through miles

of dense jungle.

She became a leader in the fi ght to protect orangutans.

She said, “When I look into the eyes of an orangutan, I see God.”


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Heroes Graphic Organizers

Sample Lesson The Man in the Water: Not an Ordinary ManGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Too much ice had re-formed on the wings of the

plane. It should have been removed a second time.

The passengers died quickly.

With only one helicopter, rescue of the survivors was slow.

Williams was a brave and selfl ess man.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Wilma Rudolph: Against the OddsGraphic Organizer 6Answers:1940: Rudolph was born weighing 4 and a half

pounds.

4 years old: Rudolph had double pneumonia and scarlet fever, leaving her left leg paralyzed.

11 years old: Rudolph could walk without a brace or a special shoe.

13 years old: Rudolph was on the high school basketball team.

15 years old: Rudolph was averaging 32.1 points per game and was chosen for the all-state team.

1960: Rudolph won three gold medals in the Olympics and became the fastest female runner in the world.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Diana Golden: Go for the GoldGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:courageous: After losing her leg, 12-year-old Diana

continued to ski.

determined: Diana learned to ski with regular poles and strengthened her muscles so she could race against able-bodied athletes.

proud: Diana made a difference by changing the way the world looked at skiers with disabilities.

top-notch: Diana won a gold medal in the Olympic Games and was named Female Skier of the Year.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Jackie Robinson: The Loneliest SeasonGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Jackie Robinson ran track and played basketball and

football at UCLA.

During World War II, when Jackie was in the army, he refused to move to the back of the bus and was arrested.

Jackie, a second baseman, had to play fi rst base when he started for the Dodgers.

During his fi rst season, Jackie batted .297, led the league in stolen bases, and was named Rookie of the Year.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 Gladys Aylward: Journey to SafetyGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:They had to walk over steep, rocky mountains that

offered few trails.

Lunch was only boiled dough strings.

They did not notice the rats that swarmed over their bodies.

The half-starved children waited by the river for three days.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Cesar Chavez: Uniting Farm WorkersGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Grape pickers went on strike.

People supported the strikers, who were not violent, rather than the grape pickers, who were violent.

Chavez organized a boycott of California grapes in major cities across the United States.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 Miep Gies: A Dangerous SecretGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:By helping the Franks, Miep was at risk of being

reported to authorities; she agreed to help them anyway.

Miep brought food to the Franks and tried to keep their spirits up.

She will always be remembered as a beacon of goodness and light during some of history’s darkest days.


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Unit 1, Lesson 7 Mahatma Gandhi: The Peaceful WayGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:India should be a free country.

It was time to break the law that said the Indians could not collect their own salt.

If a law was morally wrong, it was Gandhi’s duty to break it.

Indians should protest nonviolently.

Unit 2, Lesson 8 Matthew Henson: To the Top of the WorldGraphic Organizer 8Answers:Peary:He fell through a weak spot on an ice bridge.

He was recognized as a hero in 1909.

Both:He tried nine times to reach the North Pole.

He faced starvation, the blinding sun, and Arctic winters.

Henson:He worked as a cabin boy.

He showed the most promise of learning the Eskimo ways.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Marina Silva: Saving Amazonia’s Rain ForestsGraphic Organizer 5Answers:At 16, Marina left the rain forest and went to school.

Marina joined Chico Mendes in setting up empates.

The government set aside more than 4 million acres of Amazonia as reserves for the people.

Marina was elected to the Senate.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Anne & Charles Lindbergh: Opening the SkiesGraphic Organizer 2Answers:The Lindberghs’ plane could carry enough fuel to

travel 2,000 miles. Fact

They had to make a forced landing on their way to Nome. Fact

The fl ight was too dangerous; they shouldn’t have attempted it. Opinion

The Lindberghs are brave. Opinion

They successfully fl ew to China. Fact

Unit 2, Lesson 11 The Crew of Flight 847: Terror in the AirGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Athens to Beirut: In Beirut, Uli Derickson convinced

the gunmen to release 19 woman and children.

Beirut to Algiers (fi rst time): The plane was refueled, and 21 people were released.

Algiers to Beirut (fi rst time): Stethem was killed, and 10 more terrorists boarded the plane.

Beirut to Algiers (second time): The terrorists released 61 people and kept the rest on the plane in Algiers for 15 days.

Algiers to Beirut (second time): Testrake and 38 men were fi rst hidden in Beirut and then released.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Steve Biko: South African Freedom FighterGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Steve Biko founded the Black Consciousness

movement to help build pride among black South Africans.

He opposed the use of violence and tried to change society using peaceful means.

Steve did not quit even when the government tried to stop him from spreading his message.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 The Little Rock Nine: Battling SegregationGraphic Organizer 5Answers:In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school

segregation was unconstitutional.

The Little Rock Nine were turned away on their fi rst day at Central High School.

Dwight Eisenhower ordered guardsmen to protect the black students.

The Little Rock Nine survived the entire year in the hostile environment of the school.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 Christopher Reeve: A Real SupermanGraphic Organizer 2Questions and answers will vary.


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Unit 3, Lesson 15 Larry Champagne: Aboard a Runaway BusGraphic Organizer 5Answers:The bus pulled onto U.S. Highway 40.

The bus driver had a stroke.

The bus swerved and hit the guardrail twice.

Larry jumped in the driver’s seat and stomped on the brake.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 Frank Serpico: An Honest CopGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Serpico became a police offi cer.

A cop gave Serpico an envelope containing $300.

There was a small investigation of Serpico’s allegations.

Serpico took his story to the New York Times.

Serpico lay in critical condition.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Nellie Bly: Exposing the TruthGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Effects:The staff at the Blackwells Island Workhouse were

ordered to improve conditions.

Doctors began conducting more thorough examinations of patients before declaring them insane.

New York City increased its budget for care of the mentally ill by $1 million.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Animals to the Rescue: Caring CreaturesGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Gorilla:lived in a zoo

protected baby that fell into her habitat

Both:wild animal

saved a life

turned child over to humans

Monkey:lived in the wild

dove into the water to get the bab

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Florence Nightingale: A Mission for LifeGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Effects:Florence was put in charge of all the British army

hospitals in the Crimea.

Florence became a national hero.

Florence transformed nursing from a lowly, unskilled job into a respectable, noble profession.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 Mother Teresa: Serving the Poorest of the PoorGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Mother Teresa was a principal in an upper-middle

class school in Calcutta before she decided to devote her life to charity.

Mother Teresa started a new religious order called the Missionaries of Charity.

Mother Teresa and the nuns who worked with her had to take a vow to make poverty their chosen way of life.

Mother Teresa received the Jewel of India, India’s highest honor, and the Nobel Peace Prize.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Hans & Sophie Scholl: Resisting Nazi TerrorGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Benefi ts:They might help save people’s lives by trying to stop

the terror.

They fought for freedom.

By actively resisting, they were not sharing the guilt for Hitler’s deeds.

Dangers:The Nazis did not tolerate any resistance.

The Nazis would imprison or kill people who disagreed with them.

Printing and handing out leafl ets that urged people to protest Hitler was dangerous.


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Monsters Graphic Organizers

Sample Lesson The Evil Mr. HydeGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Dr. Jekyll:He is a good doctor.

He mixes a drug that can separate personalities.

He kills himself.

Both:He is a different side of the same person.

Mr. Hyde:He commits evil acts.

He feels no guilt.

He beats a defenseless man to death.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 The CyclopsGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Curious: Ulysses wanted to see who lived on the island.

Wise: Ulysses didn’t kill the sleeping Cyclops because the Greeks would not have been able to move the heavy rock.

Clever: Ulysses tricked the Cyclops with a clever plan.

Brave: Ulysses drove the glowing point of the tree trunk into the Cyclops’s eye.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 King KongGraphic Organizer 2Answers:It took one year to complete the fi lming of the

original King Kong movie. Fact

It was sad when King Kong was killed. Opinion

The 1976 version of King Kong is better than the original. Opinion

Other producers made movies about giant apes. Fact

In the 1976 movie, King Kong climbs one of the World Trade Center Towers. Fact

Unit 1, Lesson 3 MedusaGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Medusa had long curved claws, powerful wings, and

sharp fangs.

For hair, she had a mass of hissing, snarling snakes that were constantly coiling and striking.

Her face was full of evil.

Medusa rose into view, her jaws agape and her terrible eyes fl ashing.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 BigfootGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:A sickening odor emanates from Bigfoot’s hairy body.

Bigfoot creatures have been reported to talk to one another in a simple language.

Some people think Bigfoot is half human and half ape.

Despite theories, stories, and sightings, there is no proof that Bigfoot actually exists.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Amazon Supersnake: The Giant AnacondaGraphic Organizer 2Answers:True:They squeeze their prey into submission.

They spend most of their time in murky rivers.

They eat crocodiles, turtles, and deer.

Not Proven:They can be 62 feet long.

They have knocked over buildings.

They shoot invisible poisonous vapors from their mouths.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 The Jersey DevilGraphic Organizer 6Answers:1735: Legend says that a deformed baby fl ew out

of a window and into the woods and became the Jersey Devil.

1800s: Naval hero Stephen Decatur claims he saw the Jersey Devil fl ying across the sky.

1909: People claim to have seen a white monster with glowing green eyes.

1927: A story tells how the Jersey Devil jumped onto a cab and shook it violently.

1951: People reported seeing the Jersey Devil’s tracks, but police determined the tracks were fakes.

1966: A farmer claimed that the Jersey Devil had killed all of his livestock.


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Unit 1, Lesson 7 Fabulous Fakes: Monster HoaxesGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Two workmen found the Cardiff Giant while digging

a well. Fact

Hull convinced his partner to help him with the hoax. Fact

The Cardiff Giant hoax was not very creative. Opinion

People still paid to see the giant even after the hoax was exposed. Fact

It is surprising that people believe the stories about the fur-bearing trout. Opinion

Unit 2, Lesson 8 Scylla and CharybdisGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Circe turned Scylla into a hideous monster.

Ulysses followed Circe’s instructions and sacrifi ced six men.

The crew slaughtered and ate some of Helios’s cattle.

Ulysses hung from a branch until Charybdis spit up the sea water and then dropped into the sea and paddled away.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Frankenstein’s MonsterGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:What I Learned:The scientist, not the monster, is named Frankenstein.

When Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, she was comparing Dr. Frankenstein to Prometheus because they both took too much power and suffered the consequences.

The monster was originally a kind and gentle soul.

Frankenstein agreed to make a mate for the monster but then broke his promise.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 The Minotaur: Beast of the LabyrinthGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Aegeus:He placed a sword and sandals under a stone.

He threw himself into the sea.

He sent victims to Crete each year.

Minos:His son was killed by a bull.

He kept the Minotaur in a labyrinth.

He was Ariadne’s father.

Theseus:He killed the Minotaur.

He did not pull down the black sail.

Athena appeared to him in a dream.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Giants: Fact or Myth?Graphic Organizer 9Possible answers:There is no physical evidence of giants.

What ancient Greeks thought was the skull of a giant was really the skull of an elephant.

Giant myths and legends grew from people’s efforts to explain things that had no scientifi c explanation.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Nessie: The Loch Ness MonsterGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Inference:I think that a monster really does live in Loch Ness.

Many people claim to have seen her.

Sonar results show a large animal swimming in Loch Ness.

Loch Ness is big enough for a monster to hide in, and there are enough fi sh for a monster to eat.

People claim to have seen similar creatures in other parts of the world.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 Mystery CatsGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Conclusion: I conclude that the mystery creature

is a puma or some other kind of a wild cat that someone released in England.

Box 1: The creature is attacking livestock.

Box 2: The creature is jet-black and has a long tail, pointed ears, and a loping gait.

Box 3: Scientists examined a six-inch paw print on a farm near Cornwall.


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Unit 2, Lesson 14 The Florida Skunk ApeGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:Osborn started to believe that the Skunk Ape was

real.

The Skunk Ape has a truly offensive odor.

The Skunk Ape is forced out into the open and there are now more sightings.

Some people believe a prankster dresses in a gorilla suit as a hoax.

Unit 3, Lesson 15 GrendelGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The beast, which was a monster of superhuman size

and strength, dragged himself out of the swamp where he lived.

Grendel had green, horny skin that was as tough as armor and could not be penetrated.

Grendel’s long, sharp teeth were curved like the tusks of a wild boar.

Grendel’s face was a swollen purple mass with eyes that regarded the world with pure hatred.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 Chupacabra: Bloodthirsty BeastGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The Chupacabra had fangs, spikes running down its

back, and bulging red eyes.

The monster had bat wings and kangaroo legs.

The beast made puncture wounds in animals and then sucked their blood.

The Chupacabra caused fear and panic in Puerto Rico and Mexico.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Dracula: Terror in TransylvaniaGraphic Organizer 5Answers:The Turks captured Dracula’s father.

Dracula terrorized the people of Transylvania.

The Turks invaded Transylvania and captured Dracula.

Countess Elizabeth Bathory ordered young maidens killed.

Bram Stoker wrote the fi rst Dracula novel.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Zombies: The Walking DeadGraphic Organizer 2Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 WerewolvesGraphic Organizer 7 Possible answers:Box 1: On the way to his friend’s house, Niceros

saw a soldier undress, turn into a huge wolf, and disappear into the woods.

Box 2: When Niceros arrived at his friend’s house, a wolf had just killed some sheep. The friend had stabbed the wolf in the neck.

Box 3: On the way home, Niceros saw blood where the soldier’s clothes had been. Niceros visited the soldier, who had a wound on his neck.


Unit 3, Lesson 20 The Mokele-Mbembe: Are All the Dinosaurs Gone?Graphic Organizer 3Answers:Mokele-Mbembe:brownish-gray

smooth skin

N’yamala:blood-red eyes

huge mouth

Both:long neck

one tooth

Unit 3, Lesson 21 DragonsGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Crocodiles have terrible teeth, bent legs, and thick

hides.

The Indian cobra can spit its deadly venom as far as 10 feet.

The widespread hood of the cobra looks l ike wings that have lifted the creature above the ground.

The Draco volans has winglike membranes that stretch between its legs.


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Phenomena Graphic Organizers

Sample Lesson The Year Without a SummerGraphic Organizer 9 Possible answers:Effects:A large cloud of volcanic ash and dust circled the

globe.

In New England, the summer of 1816 was unusually cold.

The sky was full of odd colors and strange lights.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 The Wild Boy of AveyronGraphic Organizer 5 Answers:A tanner found the boy in his garden.

The boy was sent to a school for deaf mutes.

A doctor tried to teach the boy how to talk.

The boy learned to recognize letters and shapes.

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Voodoo MagicGraphic Organizer 9 Possible answers:A woman may have died from extreme terror of a

voodoo curse.

Some people believe that curses can cause evil things to happen.

A voodoo priest turned a woman into a zombie.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Mysteries of Easter IslandGraphic Organizer 2 Possible answers:Inferences:The people had no knowledge of shipbuilding.

The islanders pulled wooden sleds over wooden rollers to move the statues.

They knew how to build sturdy boats.

By 1500 there were no trees left, so there was no way to move the statues.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 Black Holes Graphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Learned:A black hole is made when a huge, dying star

collapses in on itself.

Black holes are invisible.

The gravity in black holes is billions of times stronger than Earth’s.

Scientists think there are at least fi ve black holes in our part of the universe.

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Triangle of FearGraphic Organizer 2 Possible answers:Believers in Mystery of Bermuda Triangle:Hundreds of ships and airplanes simply disappear

without a trace.

Experienced pilots would not have gotten lost.

There were no oil slicks, no wreckage, and no bodies when Flight 19 was lost.

Planes do not disappear into thin air.

Nonbelievers in Mystery of Bermuda Triangle:Most of the pilots of Flight 19 were students.

Lieutenant Taylor was new to the area and completely lost.

Taylor’s compass was not working.

The Martin Mariner had a bad safety record, and a steamship saw an explosion.

Unit 1: Lesson 6 Spontaneous Human CombustionGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Billy Clifford’s Date:She was in London.

She was dancing.

Both:She burst into fl ames.

The cause of the fi re was never explained.

Mary Reeser:She was in St. Petersburg, Florida.

She was sitting in a chair.

Unit 1, Lesson 7 Moon MadnessGraphic Organizer 2 Questions and answers will vary.


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Unit 2, Lesson 8 Sunspots Solar BlemishesGraphic Organizer 1 Possible answers:Earth can get cold during a long solar minimum.

We can see the aurora borealis, or northern lights.

Electrical storms are more common during a solar maximum.

A country’s defensive radar can break down.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Can Some People See the Future?Graphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Details:David Booth had nightmares about a plane crash,

which then happened.

Robert Nixon foresaw that he would die of starvation.

The Brahan Seer predicted the demise of the Seaforths exactly as it happened.

Unit 2, Lesson 10: The Special Gifts of Autistic SavantsGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:Box 1: Some experts think autistic savants have

photographic memories.

Box 2: Another theory is that autistic savants get so much praise for their skills they practice them more.

Box 3: Other experts think autistic savants concentrate on one special skill.


Unit 2, Lesson 11 Tsunamis: Killer WavesGraphic Organizer 6Answers:A.D. 365: The fi rst recorded tsunami struck Alexandria,

Egypt.

1883: After Krakatoa erupted, a tsunami hit Sumatra and Java and killed more than 36,000 people.

1896: A tsunami hit Japan and killed more than 26,000 people.

1946: A tsunami hit Hilo, Hawaii, without warning and killed 170 people.

1992: A tsunami killed more than 1,000 people in Indonesia.

1993: A tsunami killed 330 people in Japan.

1994: A tsunami killed 62 people in the Philippines.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Multiple PersonalitiesGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Juanita was a maid at a hotel in Florida. Fact

Inez Kelly is dead. Fact

Juanita’s performance was a clever trick. Opinion

Alan Klein asked Juanita questions at the trial. Fact

Juanita was not clever enough to trick the social worker. Opinion

Unit 2, Lesson 13 Secrets of the Bog PeopleGraphic Organizer 7 Possible answers:Inference 1:The bog people were killed as sacrifi ces to the gods.

Details:Many of the people were well dressed and carefully

groomed.

Many victims were placed in their graves with care.

Rituals honoring Mother Earth sometimes ended with drowning people in the bogs.

Inference 2:The bog people were criminals

Details:Windeby Girl had half of her head shaved before

she was strangled.

Head shaving was once a common punishment for disgraced women.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 Killers in PajamasGraphic Organizer 4 Possible answers:Effects:A person sleepwalks.

A dreaming person can thrash around and act out his or her dream.

He was found innocent of the crime.

When the person starts breathing again, part of the brain is startled into a more alert state.


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Unit 3, Lesson 15 Firewalking: Mind Over MatterGraphic Organizer 7Possible answers:No one has been able to show how the lack-of-oxygen

theory can be done.

No fi re-resistant lotion has been found on the feet of walkers.

The rock was 600 degrees Fahrenheit, but the man’s feet were only 150 degrees.

Unit 3, Lesson 16 Frozen for Ten Thousand YearsGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Woolly mammoths roamed the Arctic regions 10,000

years ago.

Woolly mammoths were slightly bigger than elephants and had long, curled tusks.

Frozen woolly mammoths have been found intact.

Some scientists think that woolly mammoths were killed off by human hunters.

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Can Animals Predict Earthquakes?Graphic Organizer 1Possible answers:An immense fl ock of screaming seabirds fl ew over

the city.

Zoo animals cried out and charged their cage bars.

Two goldfi sh leaped out of their bowl and landed on the fl oor.

Snakes climbed out of their underground homes and froze in the winter cold.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 A Cold KillerGraphic Organizer 4Answers:Effects:Your body starts to shiver.

Blood fl ow to the brain slows and you became disoriented.

The body stops shivering, and the muscles became rigid.

The heart and lungs stop working.

Unit 3, Lesson 19 What Happened in Tunguska?Graphic Organizer 9 Possible answers:Effects:Hot winds blew, bangs were heard, and a family

was tossed into the air.

Herds of reindeer were killed, and millions of pine trees were uprooted.

The sky became fi lled with fi ne dust.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 Mind GamesGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Hypnosis helped Ina Josephson quit smoking.

Victor Rausch hypnotized himself before gall bladder surgery and therefore did not need pain medication.

People have used self-hypnosis to ward off asthma attacks and epileptic seizures.

Victims and eyewitnesses to crimes have been hypnotized to help them remember what happened.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Killer BugsGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Facts:Some people died from killer bugs known as fl esh-

eating bacteria.

The killer bug is called Group A streptococcus bacteria.

One famous victim of Group A streptococcus was Jim Henson.

Opinions:People should believe the headlines in the English

newspapers.

The fl esh-eating bacterium is the most frightening infection.

Doctors should never resort to amputating a limb.


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Rescued Graphic Organizers

Sample Lesson In the Nick of TimeGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Quick-thinking: He climbed out of the train to try to

warn the boys.

Agile: He was able to quickly make his way to the front of the train while it was moving.

Brave: He risked his own life to save the boys.

Smart: He knew how to time his jump perfectly.

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Saving J.J. the WhaleGraphic Organizer 2California grey whales are a protected species. Fact

J.J. will not survive in the wild. Opinion

The rescue team needed help from onlookers. Fact

J.J. was raised at Sea World in San Diego. Fact

Humans should not rescue wild animals. Opinion

Unit 1, Lesson 2 Nurse Hero: Taking Charge at a Crash SiteGraphic Organizer 3Possible answers:Inferences:The sound was made when a train collided with the

school bus.

If the substitute had known the route, the accident might have been prevented.

Getchell’s nursing instincts took over and she wanted to help.

The boy was already dead, so there was nothing Getchell could do.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 The Angel of Long PointGraphic Organizer 5Possible answers:November 23, 1854: Captain Hackett sets out across

Lake Erie.

November 24, 1854: A snowstorm hits.

Around Midnight: The ship runs into a sandbar. The crew lashes themselves to the mast.

November 25, 1854: Abigail Becker sees the stranded crew and helps rescue them.

November 26, 1854: The men build a log raft and rescue the cook.

Unit 1, Lesson 4 The Wild Ride of Gemini 8Graphic Organizer 9Answers: The astronauts shut down Agena’s control system.

The astronauts used Gemini’s thruster rockets to release the Agena.

Neil Armstrong turned on a new set of rockets, and then he could bring Gemini back to an even keel. [This one is circled.]

Unit 1, Lesson 5 Saved from a MobGraphic Organizer 2Possible answers:Causes:Police offi cers were found not guilty of beating

Rodney King.

He knew what it was like to be the victim of a senseless crime.

Two of the rioters began to fi ght with each other.

Alan-Williams risked his own life to save Hirata’s life.

Unit 1, Lesson 6 Ida Lewis to the RescueGraphic Organizer 2Answers:Ida was the best swimmer in town. Opinion

Ida was known as “the heroine of Lime Rock.” Fact

Ida was a marvel. Opinion

Newspapers published stories of Ida’s rescues. Fact

Ida won a medal from Congress for her work. Fact

Ida was the most remarkable woman in Newport. Opinion

Unit 1, Lesson 7 Saving Jews from the NazisGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:He broke the law to rescue refugees.

He raised money on the black market.

He was brought in for questioning because the police suspected him.

He masked his conversations, burned secret papers, and stuffed secret messages in toothpaste tubes.


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Unit 2, Lesson 8 Love Works a MiracleGraphic Organizer 5Answers:Kyla fell into the pool.

Cindy drove her wheelchair into the pool and pushed Kyla out of the water.

Cindy gave Kyla CPR, and Kyla started breathing again.

Cindy dragged herself out of the pool, crawled away from the pool with Kyla, and called 911.

Unit 2, Lesson 9 Drama on the High SeasGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:The corridor was fi lled with smoke.

The whole front of the vessel was ablaze.

A “roaring inferno from the bottom to the top.”

Panicky, half-naked people ran about, shouting.

One woman was so badly burnt that only a few strands of hair were left on her head.

Some people were frozen in fear.

Unit 2, Lesson 10 Rescue in PeruGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:Tunnels were dug under the house, and periscopes

were set up.

A special plane could track movement inside the house.

Rescuers were under the house, on the roof, and outside the front door.

There was a huge explosion as commandos entered and killed the terrorists.

Unit 2, Lesson 11 Tragedy and Rescue at SeaGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:They became sick from swallowing salt water mixed

with oil.

Sharks attacked them.

Men died from their wounds or from going insane from fear and lack of sleep.

Unit 2, Lesson 12 Lost in the MountainsGraphic Organizer 6Answers: Friday, February 19, 1993: The skiers set out, are

blinded by the snow, lose the trail, and sleep huddled in a hole.

Saturday, February 20: Torp and Brown ski ahead; Rost and Brett ski to Ashcroft; the Dubins and Schluger get lost.

Sunday, February 21: Torp and Brown fi nd the cabin; the Dubins and Schluger remain lost.

Monday, February 22: Torp and Brown leave a note at the cabin and ski toward Taylor Park Reservoir; the Dubins and Schluger fi nd the cabin.

Tuesday, February 23: Torp and Brown arrive at Taylor Park Reservoir; remaining skiers are rescued at cabin.

Unit 2, Lesson 13 The Heroes of Pea IslandGraphic Organizer 4Questions and answers will vary.

Unit 2, Lesson 14 The Sinking of PT 109Graphic Organizer 3Possible answers:John F. Kennedy was the commander of PT 109

when it sank during WWII.

Kennedy saved most of his crew, including Patrick McMahon, who had been badly burned.

Kennedy was a strong swimmer.

Kennedy was awarded the Navy & Marine Corps Medal.

Unit 3, Lesson 15 “Superman” to the RescueGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers:Effects:Williams struggled with snarled lines while packing

her chute.

Robertson decided to keep an eye on Williams.

Williams went into a dive that was too fast and set her at a bad angle.

Robertson risked his life to save Williams when she got into trouble.


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Unit 3, Lesson 16 Beneath the RubbleGraphic Organizer 1Possible answers:trapped beneath 20 tons of concrete

legs pinned beneath the rubble

used jackhammers to clear away rubble

four plastic bags infl ated to lift the concrete off Pena’s legs

Unit 3, Lesson 17 Shot Down Behind Enemy LinesGraphic Organizer 4Possible answers:O’Grady’s jet was hit, and he had to parachute into

the Serb-held hills.

He was prepared to survive in the woods.

O’Grady didn’t radio for help for fi ve and a half days.

The rescue mission was able to be underway quickly.

Unit 3, Lesson 18 Adrift with No HopeGraphic Organizer 8Possible answers:Musetti:a tugboat captain

radioed the Coast Guard

thought he saw angels

Cleaves:a potato grower

cleaned the galley

had a fl ashlight in the water

Both:knew Stevens before the trip

put on an immersion suit

hung onto a ladder in the water

Unit 3, Lesson 19 Rescue Down UnderGraphic Organizer 9Possible answers: The rescuers were about to give up when they

heard a faint sound made by Stuart Diver.

The debris could have shifted and crushed Diver; he could have frozen to death or drowned.

Diver suffered only cuts, bruises, frostbite, and a mild case of hypothermia.

Unit 3, Lesson 20 Near Death in a Rail YardGraphic Organizer 5Possible answers:The engineer realized that his brakes were gone.

The freight train barreled into the rail yard.

The train collided with another engine, trapping Vitek underneath debris.

Rescuers chiseled a hole and pulled Vitek from the rubble.

Unit 3, Lesson 21 Flight to FreedomGraphic Organizer 4Questions and answers will vary.


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