ansi z358.1-2004 safety showers

5/14/2018 ANSI Z358.1-2004 Safety Showers

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ANSI Z35S.1-2004Revision of

ANSI Z358.1-1998

American National Standard forEmergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment

SecretariatInternational Safety Equipment Association

Approved January 8, 2004American National Standards Institute, Inc.


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NationalStandard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantiallyconcerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard isintended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the generalpublic. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respectpreclude anyone, whether they have approved the standard or not, frommanufacturing, marketing. purchasing, or using products, processes, orprocedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards aresubject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions.

American

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will inno circumstances give an interpretation of an y American National Standard.Moreover. no persons shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation ofan American National Standard in the name of the American National StandardsInstitute.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standardno later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of AmericanNational Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling orwriting the American National Standards Institute.

Published byInternational Safety Equipment Association1901North Moore Street, Suite 808, Arlington, Virginia 22209Copyright 2004 by ISEAAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproducedin any form, in an electronic retrieval system orotherwise, without the prior written permissionof the publisher.Printed in the United States of America


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Foreword (This Foreword is not part of AmericanNational StandardANSI Z358..1-2004)This revision of the American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment updatesANSI Z358 ..1-1998 and was prepared by the Emergency Eyewash and Shower Group of the InternationalSafety Equipment Association, whose members are thoroughly knowledgeable in the design, installation,and use of this important safety equipment. Current members of the Group include: Bradley Corporation,Bacou-DalioziFendall, Inc., H.L. Bouton Co., Inc., Encon Safety Products, Haws Corporation, North SafetyProducts, Speakman Safety Products, and Zee Medical, Inc.Significant changes to the 1998 version of the standard are reflected in this document .. includingemphasis that drench hoses and personal wash units are supplemental equipment and an explanation onthe reason for weekly operation verification for plumbed equipment. The document also provides userswith an expanded appendix on recommended tepid temperatures for fjushing fluid and removes certaincriteria from installation requirements,In the interest of worker safety, it is important to recognize that emergency eyewash, shower, drench hoseand combination units are not a substitute for proper primary protective devices. As a defense againstflying particles and splashing injurious liquids, workers should wear eye and face protection and protectiveclothing. Appropriate safety and health advisors should be consulted on proper first aid recommendationsin addition to recommendations on the location and use of emergency eyewash and shower equipment forspecjfic workplace hazards.How companies and their employees respond to incidents requiring first aid treatment is an important partof emergency planning. Consideration should be given to establishing first aid response teams, installingeyewash and shower alarm devices to alert personnel when first aid equipment is in use, and simulatedemergency response drills to gain valuable experience in performing first aid activities.Although not addressed in this standard, consideration should also be given to the proper disposal ofwaste flushing fluids from operating emergency eyewash and shower equipment. Freez.ing temperatures,drainage from elevated showers and showers at grade level, and pollutants are some but not all of th econsiderations. Consult local, state, and federal regulations that may apply.Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to theiSEA, 1901 N.Moore Street, Suite 808, Arlington, VA 22209 or [email protected] standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Canvass Method. The followingorganizations were contacted prior to the approval. of this standard. Inclusion in this list does notnecessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.AEM, Inc.American Society of Safety EngineersAmerican Society of Sanitation EngineersAvecialnc.Du-all SafetyHaws CorporationHewlett-PackardInternational Chemical Workers UnionInternational Safety Equipment AssociationSC Johnson Company

LabSafetySupplyLawrenceLivermore National LaboratoryLeonardValve CompanySafety EquipmentlnstituleSf. Louis County Department of PublicWorksState of California Occupational SafetyandHealthAdministrationTufts University School of MedicineRGVanderweil EngineersUSDepartment of Labor
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected].


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ContentsSECTION PAGE

1. Scope 72 Purpose 73. Definitions 74. Plumbed and 8elf-Contained Emergency 8howers 8

4.1 Performa nee of PIumbed and 8 elf-Conta ined 8 howers 84.2 Performance of Control Valve 84.3 Shower Enclosures 84.4 Performance Testing Procedures 84.5 Installation 94.6 Maintenance and Training 10

5. Plumbed and Self-Contained Eyewash Equipment... 105.1 Performance of Plumbed and Self-Contained Eyewash Units 105.2 Performance of Control Valve 105.3 Performance Testing Procedures 115.4 Installation 115.5 Maintenance and Training 12

6. Eye/Face Wash Equipment. 126.1 Performance of Eye/Face Wash Units 126.2 Performance of Control Valve 136.3 Performance Testing Procedures 136.4 Installation 136.5 Maintenance and Training 14

7. Combination Units 147.1 Performance of Combination Units 147.2 Performance of Control Valve 147.3 Performance Testing Procedures 147.4 Installation 147.5 Maintenance and Training 15

8. Supplemental Equipment 158.1 Personal Wash Units 1581.1 Performance of Personal Wash Units 158.1.2 Maintenance, Training and Storage .. 15


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6,2 Drench Hoses ..,,",', .., " " , , ,.., 156..2.1 Performance of Drench Hoses ,..,.., 158.2.2 Performance of Control Valve 168.2.3 Installation , , , , ,., 168.2.4 Maintenance and Training , , 16

ILLUSTRATIONSIllustration 1Illustration 2Illustration 3aIllustration 3bIllustration 3cIllustration 4Illustration 5Illustration 6Hlustration 7

Emergency Shower 17Plumbed Eyewash , ,.18Non pressurized Self-Contained Eyewash , , 19Press urized Self -Contained Eyewash " 20Typical Eyewash Gauge , , , , 21Eye/Face Wash , 22Combination Shower and Eyewash ,., 23Personal Wash Unit 24Drench Hose , 25

APPENDICESAppendix A - Safety Cons iderations 26

AI. Personal Wash Unit , , ,26A2. First Aid Practices , , , , , , 26A3. Waste Disposal ,.., 26A4, Personal Protective Equipment , , , 26

Append ix 8 - Insta lIation Considerations " " 2681. Supply Lines , , , 2682. Water Capacity , , 2683. Valve Operation , , , , , , " " 26B4. Alarm Devices " ..,26B5. Placem ent of Emergency Equipment ,.., , , , 27B6 Delivered Flushing Fluid Temperature , , 27

REFERENCES , , , ,', 28


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ANSI Z358.1~2004

American National Standardfor Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment1. Scope

This standard establishes minimum performanceand use requirements for eyewash and showerequipment for the emergency treatment of theeyes or body of a person who has been exposedto injurious materials. It covers the followingtypes of equipment: emergency shower,eyewash equipment, eye/face wash equipment,and combination shower and eyewash units.This standard also includes performance anduse requirements for persona! washes anddrench hoses, which are consideredsupplemental to emergency eyewash andshower equipment.2. PurposeThis standard is intended to provide uniformminimum requirements for the performance,use, installation, test procedu res, m aintena nceand training of emergency eyewash and showerequipment

3 . Definitions

certification/certified: A system whereby acertification organization determines that amanufacturer has demonstrated the ability toproduce a product that complies with therequirements of this standard, authorizes themanufacturer to use a label on listed productsthat comply with the requirements of thisstandard, and establishes a follow-up programconducted by the certification organization as acheck on the methods the manufacturer uses todetermine continued compliance of labeled andlisted products with the requirements of thisstandard.certification organization: An independentthird party organization that determines productcompliance with the requirements of thisstandard with a labeling/listing/follow-upprogram.

combination unit: An interconnected assemblyof emergency equipment supplied by a singlesource of flushing fluid.drench hose: A supplemental device consistinqof a flexible hose connected to a flushing fluidsupply and used to provide fluid to irrigate andflush face and body areas.emergency shower: A device specificallydesigned and intended to deliver flushing fluid insufficient volume to cause that fluid to cascadeover the entire body.eye/face wash: A device used to provide fluid toirrigate and flush both the face and the eyessimu.ltaneously.eyewash: A device used to provide fluid toirrigate and flush tile eyes.flow pressure: The pressure in the water supplypipe near the water outlet while the faucet oroutlet is ful.lyopen and flowing.ftow regulator: A mechanical device to controlthe flow of flushing fluid through pipes.flushing fluid: Potable water, preserved water,preserved buffered saline solution or othermedically acceptable solution manufactured andlabeled in accordance with applicablegovernment regulations.freeze protected equipment: Equipmentdesigned to allow the emergency device tooperate under freezing conditions.freeze protection: A means to protect water inan apparatus from freezing and rendering itinoperable. This can be achieved throughseveral means including mechanical valves andelectrical heat tracing.hazardous material: Any substance orcompound that has the capability of producingadverse effects on the health and safety ofhumans,

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ANSI Z358,1-2004

personal wash: A supplementary device thatsupports plumbed and/or self-contained units, bydelivering immediate flushing fluid to the eyes orbody.potable water: Water that is suitable fordrinking.self-closing valve: A valve that closesautomatically when released by the user.self-contained eyewash: A stand-aloneeyewash device containing flushing fluid.self-contained shower: A stand-alone showercontaining flushing fluid,stay-open valve: A valve that, once activated,must be closed manually by the user,

tepid: Moderately warm; lukewarm.valve actuator: Device connected to the valveto facilitate its operation.

4. Plumbed and Self-ContainedEmergency Showers (See Illustration 1)4.1 Performance of Plumbed and Self-Contained Showers4.1.1 A means shall be provided to ensurethat a controlled flow of flushing fluid is providedat a velocity low enough to be non-injurious tothe user.4.1.2 Emergency showers shall be designedand located so that a flushing fluid column isprovided that is not less than 208.3 cm (82 in.)nor more that 243.8 cm (96 in.) in height fromthe surface on which the user stands.4.1.3 Plumbed and self-contained showerequipment shall be constructed of materials thatwill not corrode in the presence of the flushingfluid. Stored flushing fluid shall be protectedagai nst airborne contam inants.4.1.4 Plumbed and self contained showerequipment shall be capable of delivering flushingfluid at a minimum of 75.7 liters per minute (20gpm) for a minimum of 15 minutes. If shut off

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valves are installed in the supply line formaintenance purposes, provisions shall be madeto prevent unauthorized shut off.4.1.5 The spray pattern shall have a minimumdiameter of 50.8 cm (20 ln.) al 152.4 cm (60 in.)above the surface on which the user stands, andthe center of the spray pattern shaii be located atleast 40.6 cm (16 in.) from any obstruction. Theflushing fluid shall be substantially dispersedthroughout the pattern.NOTE: The eyewash section of a combinationshower/eyewash station is not considered an"obstruction" in this context to allow for simultaneoususe of shower and eyewash equipment. See Section7.4.2 Performance of Control ValveThe valve shaii remain open without the use ofthe operator's hands until intentionally closed.The valve shall be simple to operate and shall gofrom "off" to "on" in 1 second or less. The valveshall be resistant to corrosion. Manual orautomatic actuators shall be easy to locate andreadily accessible to the user. Valve actuatorsshall be located nol more than 173.3 cm (69 in.)above the level on which the user stands.4.3 Shower ErlclosuresEnclosures, if used, shall provide for a minimumunobstructed area of 86.4 em (34 in.) indiameter.4.4 Performance Testing Procedures4.4.1 Plumbed Emergency ShowersPlumbed emergency showers shall be certifiedas follows:

(1) Connect a flowmeter to the shower to betested, or provide other means of measuringflushing fluid flow.(2) Attach the shower to an uninterruptibleflushing fluid supply of 75.7 li ters per minute(20 gpm) at 30 psi. The shower head'sheight shall be not less than 208.3 em (82in.) nor more that 243.8 cm (96 in.) from thesurface on which the user stands. The


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flushing fluid supply shall have a controlvalve or pump system that can be adjusted.(3) Open the valve on the emergencyshower and verify that it opens in onesecond and stays open.(4) Adjust the control valve on the flushingfluid supply to deliver a minimum of 75.7liters per minute (20 gpm), and determinethat flushing fluid is substantially dispersedthroughout the pattern. Measure thediameter of the flushing fluid pattern 152.4cm (60 in.) above the surface on which theuser stands. The diameter shall be aminimum of 50.8 cm (20 in.).

4.4.2 Self-contalned Emergency ShowersSelf-contained emergency showers shall becertified as follows:

(1) Fill the unit with flushing solution.(2) Connect a flowmeter to the shower to betested or provide other means of measuringflushing fluid flow.(3) Place the unit in operating position. Theshower head's height shall be not less than208.3 cm (82 in.) nor more that 243.8 cm(96 in.) from the surface on which the userstands.

(4) Throughout the 15 minute test, ensurethat the unit is capable of delivering aminimum of 75.7 liters per minute (20 gpm)and that the flushing fluid Is substantiallydispersed throughout the pattern. Thediameter of the spray pattern shall be 50.8(20 in.) at a point 152.4 cm (60 in.) abovethe surface on which the user stands.

4.5 InstallationIt is the installer's responsibil ity to ensure thatemergency showers shall:4.5.1 Be assembled and installed inaccordance with the manufacturer's instructions.4.5.2 Be in accessible locations that requireno more than 10 seconds to reach. The shower

ANSI Z358.1-2004

shall be located on the same level as the hazardand the path of travel shall be free ofobstructions that may inhibit the immediate useof the equipment. (See Appendix B5)4.5.3 Be located in an area identified with ahighly visible sign positioned so the sign shall bevisible within the area served by the shower.The area around the emergency shower shall bewell-lit.4.5.4 Be positioned so that the shower head isnot less than 208.3 cm (82 in.) nor more than243.8 em (96 in.) from the surface on which theuser stands.4.5.5 Be connected to a supply of flushingfluid capable of delivering a minimum of 20 gpmto produce the required spray pattern for aminimum period of fifteen minutes. Where thepossibility of freezing conditions exists,equipment shalf be protected from freezing orfreeze-protected equipment shall be installed. Ifshut off valves are installed in the shower line formaintenance purposes, provisions shall be madeto prevent unauthorized shut off.4.5.6 Deliver tepid flushing fluid. Incircumstances where chemical reaction isaccelerated by flushing fluid temperature, afacilities safety/health advisor should beconsulted for the optimum temperature for eachapplication. (See Appendix 86)

4.5.7 When the shower is installed, itsperformance shall be verified in accordance withthe following procedures:

(1) With the unit correctly connected to theflushing fluid source and the valve(s) closed.visually check the piping connections forleaks.(2) Open the valve to the full open position.The valve shall remain open withoutrequiring further use of the operator's hands.(3) With the valve in the "full on" position,measure the diameter of the spray pattern.It shall be a minimum of 50.8 em (20 in.) at152.4 em (60 in.) above the standingsurface. The center of the spray shall be alleast 40.6 cm (16 in.) from any obstructions.

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ANSI Z358.1-2004

The flushing fluid shall be substantiallydispersed throughout the pattern.(4) Using the flowmeter or other means,determine that the rate of flow is at least75.7 liters per minute (20 gpm).

4.6 Maintenance and Training4.6.1 Manufacturers shall provide operation,inspection and maintenance instructions withshower equipment. Instructions for allemergency equipment shall be readilyaccessible to maintenance and trainingpersonnel.4.6.2 Plumbed shower equipment shall beactivated weekly for a period long enough toverify operation and ensure that flushing fluid isavailable.NOTE: The intent isto ensure that there is a flushingfluid supply at the head of the device and to clear thesupply line of any sediment build-up that couldprevent fluid from being delivered to the head of thedevice and minimize microbial contamination due tositting water.4.6.3 Self-contained shower equipment shallbe visually checked to determine if flushing fluidneeds to be changed or supplemented.4.6.4 Employees who may be exposed tohazardous materials shall be instructed in thelocation and proper use of emergency showerunits.4.6.5 All shower units shall be inspectedannually to assure conformance with ANSIZ358.1 Section 4 requirements.

5. Plumbed and Self-ContainedEyewash Equipment (See Illustrations 2,la,3b)5.1 Performance of Plumbed and Self-Contained Eyewash Units5.1.1 A means shall be provided to ensurethat a controlled flow of flushing fluid is providedto both eyes simultaneously at a velocity lowenough to be non-injurious to the user.

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5.1.2 The eyewash unit shall be designed andpositioned in such a way as to pose no hazard tothe user.5.1.3 Nozzles shall be protected from airbornecontaminants. Whatever means is used toafford such protection, its removal shall notrequire a separate motion by the operator whenactivating the unit.5.1A The eyewash unit shall be designed,manufactured and installed in such a mannerthat, once activated, it can be used withoutrequiring the use of the operator's hands.5.1.5 Plumbed and self-contained units shallbe constructed of materials that will not corrodein the presence of the flushing fluid. Storedflushing fluid shall be protected against airbornecontaminants.5.1.6 Plumbed and self contained eyewashequipment shall be capable of delivering flushingfluid to the eyes not less than 1.5 liters perminute (O A gpm) for 15 minutes. If shut offvalves are installed in the supply line formaintenance purposes, provis.ions shall be madeto prevent unauthorized shut off.5.1.7 The eyewash unit shall be designed toprovide enough room to allow the eyelids to beheld open with the hands while the eyes are inthe flushing fluid stream.5.1.8 The eyewash unit shall provide flushingfluid to both eyes simultaneously. A test gaugefor making determination of a suitable eyewashpattern shall be a minimum 10.16 em (4 in.) inlength with two sets of parallel lines equidistantfrom the center (See Illustration 3c). The interiorset of lines shall be 3.18 em (1.25 in.) apart andthe exterior lines shall be 8.26 cm (3.25 in.)apart. Place the gauge on top of the stream ofthe eyewash. The flushing fluid should cover theareas between the interior and exterior lineswhen the gauge is lowered not more than 3.81cm (1.5 in.) below the fluid's peak.5.2 Performance of Control ValveThe valve shall remain open without the use ofthe operator's hands until intentionally closed.The valve shail be simple to operate and shall gofrom "off" to "on" in 1 second or less. The valve


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shall be resistant to corrosion. Manual orautomatic actuators shall be easy to locate andreadily accessible to the user.5.3 Performance Testing Procedures5.3.1 Plumbed Eyewash UnitsPlumbed eyewash units shall be certified asfollows:

(1) Connect a flowmeter to the eyewash unitto be tested, or provide other means ofmeasuring flushing fluid flow.(2) Attach the eyewash to an uninterruptibleflushing fluid supply of 1.5 liters per minute(0.4 gpm) at 30 psi.(3) Open the valve on the eyewash unit andverify that it opens in one second and staysopen.(4) Using the flowmeter or other means,determine that the rate of flow is at least 1.5liters per minute (0.4 gpm) Ihat the flushingstreams rise to approximately equal heights,and that the flushing fluid will wash botheyes simultaneously ata velocity law enoughto be non-injurious to the user.

5.3.2 Self-contained Eyewash UnitsSelf-contained units shall be certified. Forexample:

(1) Position the emergency eyewash unit inthe operating position so thai the dischargedflushing fluid can be collected. Fill the unitwith flushing fluid.(2) Open the valve on the eyewash unit andverify that it opens in one second and staysopen.(3) Throughout the 15 minute test. ensurethat the unit is capable of delivering aminimum of 1.5 liters per minute (0.4 gpm)and that the flushing fluid meets theminimum flow characteristics as measuredwith the eyewash gauge represented inIllustration 3c.

ANSI Z358.1-2004

5.4 InstallationIt is the installer's responsibility to ensure thaieyewash units shall:5.4.1 Be assembled and installed inaccorda nce with the manutacturer's instructions.5.4.2 Be in accessible locations that requireno more than 10 seconds to reach. Theeyewash unit shall be located on the same levelas the hazard and the path of travel shall be freeof obstructions that may inhibit the immediateuse of the equipment. For a strong acid orstrong caustic. the eyewash should beimmediately adjacent to the hazard. (SeeAppendix 85)5.4.3 Be located in an area identified with ahighly visible sign positioned so the sign shall bevisible within the area served by the eyewash.The area around the eyewash shall be well-lit,5.4.4 Be positioned with the flushing fluidnozzles not less than 83.8 ern (33 in.) and nogreater than 114.3 em (45 in.) from the surfaceon which the user stands and 15.3 cm (6 in.)minimum from the wall or the nearestobstruction.5.4.5 Be connected to a supply line providingan uninterruptibJe supply of flushing fluid at aminimum 1.5 liters per minute (O.4 gpm). Wherethe possibility of freezing conditions exist,equipment shall be protected from freezing orfreeze-protected equipment shall be installed. Ifshut off valves are installed in the supply line formaintenance purposes, provisions shall be madeto prevent unauthorized shut off.5.4.6 Deliver tepid flush.ing fluid. Incircumstances where chemical reaction isaccelerated by flushing fluid temperature, afacilities safetylhealth advisor should beconsulted for the optimum temperature for eachapplication (See Appendix B6)5.4.7 When the plumbed eyewash is installed,its performance shall be verified in accordancewith the following procedures:

(1) With the unit correctly con nected to theflushing fluid source and the valve(s) closed,visually check the piping connections forleaks.

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ANSI Z358.1-2004

(2) Open the valve to the full open position.The valve shall remain open withoutrequiring further use of the operator's hands.(3 ) With the valve in the "full on" position,make sure that both eyes will be washedsimultaneously at a velocity low enough tobe non-injurious to the user.(4) Using the flowmeter or other means,determine that the rate of flow is at leas! 1.5liters per minute (0.4 gpm). A test gaugesimilar to the one pictured in Illustration 3ccan be used to verify minimum flowcha racteristics.

5.5 Maintenance and Training5.5.1 Manufacturers shall provide operation,inspection and maintenance instructions witheyewash equipment. Instructions for allemergency equipment shall be readilyaccessible to maintenance and inspectionpersonnel.5.5.2 Plumbed eyewash equipment shall beactivated weekly for a period long enough toverify operation and ensure that flushing fluid isavailable.NOTE: The intent is to ensure that there is a flushingfluid supply at the head of the device and to clear thesupply line of any sediment build-up that couldprevent fluid from being delivered to the head of thedevice and minimize microbial contamination due tositting water.5.5.3 Self-contained eyewash equipment shallbe visually checked to determine if flushing fluidneeds to be changed or supplemented.5.5.4 Employees who may be exposed tohazardous materials shall be instructed in thelocation and proper use of emergency eyewashunits.5.5.5 All eyewash units shall be inspectedannually to assure conformance with ANSIZ358.1 section 5 requirements.

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6. Eye/FaceWash Equipment (SeeIllustration 4)6.1 Performance of Eye/FaceWash Units6,1.1 A means shall be provided to ensurethat a controlled flow of flushing fluid is providedto both eyes and face simultaneously at avelocity low enough to be non- injurious to theuser.6.1.2 The eye/face wash units shall bedesigned and positioned in such a way as topose no hazard to the user.6.1.3 Nozzles shall be protected from airbornecontaminants. Whatever means is used toafford such protection, its removal shall notrequire a separate motion by the operator whenactivating the unit.6.1.4 The eye/face wash unit shall bedesigned, manufactured and installed in such amanner that, once activated, it can be usedwithout requiring the use of the operator's hands.6.1.5 Eye/face wash units shall be constructedof materials that willi not corrode in the presenceof the flushing fluid. Stored flushing fluid shall beprotected against airborne contaminants.6.1.6 Eye/face wash equipment shall becapable of delivering flushing fluid to the eyesnot less than 11.4 liters per minute (3.0 gpm) for15 minutes. If shut off valves are installed in theline for maintenance purposes, provisions shallbe made to prevent unauthorized shut off.6.1.7 The eye/face wash unit shall bedesigned to provide enough room to allow theeyelids to be held open with the hands while theeyes are in the flushing fluid stream.6.1.8 The eye/face wash unit shall provideflushing fluid to both eyes simultaneously. A testgauge for making determination of a suitableeyewash pattern shall be a minimum 10.16 em(4 in.) in length with two sets of parallel linesequidistant from the center (See Illustration 3c).The interior set of lines shall be 3.18 em (1.25in.) apart and the exterior lines shall be 8.26 cm(3.25 in.) apart. Place the gauge on top of thestream of the eyewash. The flushing fluid should


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cover the areas between the interior and exteriorlines when the gauge is lowered not more than3.81 cm (1.5 in.) below the fluid's peak.6.2 Performance of Control ValveThe valve shall remain open without the use ofthe operator's hands until intentionally closed.The valve shall be simple to operate and shaHgofrom "off" to "on" in 1 second or less. The valveshall be resistant to corrosion. Manual orautomatic actuators shall be easy to locate andreadily accessible to the user.6.3 Performance Testing ProceduresEye/face wash units shall be certif ied as follows:

(1 ) Connect a flowmeter to the eye/facewash to be tested, or provide other means ofmeasuring flushing fluid flow.(2) Attach the eye/face wash to anuninterruptible flushing fluid supply of 11.4liters per minute (3.0 gpm) at 30 psi.

(3 ) Open the valve on the eye/face wash unitand verify that it opens in one second andstays open.(4) Using the flowmeter or other means,determine that the rate of flow is at least11.4 liters per minute (3.0 gpm), thai theflushing streams rise to approximately equalheights, and that the flushing fluid will washboth eyes simultaneously at a velocity lowenough to be non-injurious to the user.

6.4 InstallationIt is the installer's responsibility to ensure thateye/face wash units shall:6.4.1 Be assembled and installed inaccordance with the manufacturer's instructions.6.4.2 Be in accessible locations that requireno more than 10 seconds to reach. The eye/facewash shall be located on the same level as thehazard and the path of travel shall be free ofobstructions that may inhibit the immediate useof the equipment. For a strong acid or strongcaustic, the eye/face wash should beimmediately adjacent to the hazard. (SeeAppendix B5)

ANSI Z358.1-2004

6.4.3 Be located in an area identified with ahighly visible sign positioned so the sign shall bevisible within the area served by eye/face wash.The area around the eye/face wash shall bewell-lit.6.4.4 The unit shall be positioned with thenozzle(s) not less than 83.8 cm (33 in.) and nogreater than 114.3 cm (45 in.) from the level onwhich the user stands and 15.3 em (6 in.)minimum from the wall or nearest obstruction.6.4.5 Be connected to a supply line providingan uninterruptible supply of flushing fluid at aminimum 11.4 liters per minute (3.0 gpm).Where the possibility of freezing conditionsexists, equipment shall be protected fromfreezing or freeze-protected equipment shall beinstalled. If shut off valves are installed in thesupply line for maintenance purposes, provisionsshall be made to prevent unauthorized shut off.6.4.6 Deliver tepid flushing fluid. Incircumstances where chemical reaction isaccelerated by flushing fluid temperature, afacilities safety/health advisor should beconsulted for the oplimum temperature for eachapplication. (See Appendix 86)6.4.7 When the plumbed eye/face wash isinstalled, its performance shall be verified inaccordance with th e following procedures:

(1) With the unit correctly connected to theflushing fluid source and the valve(s) closed,visually check the piping connections forleaks.(2 ) Open the valve to the full open position.The valve shall remain open withoutrequiring further use of the operator's hands.(3) With the valve in the "full on" positionmake sure that both eyes will be washedsimultaneously at a velocity low enough tobe non-injurious to the user.(4 ) USing the flowmeter or other means,determine that the rate of flow is at least11.4 liters per minute (3.0 gpm). A testgauge similar to the one pictured inIllustration 3c can be used to verify minimumflow characteristics.

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ANSI Z358.1-2004

6 . 5 Maintenance and Training6.5.1 Manufacturers shall provide operation,inspection and maintenance instructions witheye/face wash equipment. Instructions for allemergency equipment shall be readilyaccessible to maintenance and inspectionpersonnel.6.5.2 Plumbed equipment shall be activatedweekly for a period long enough to verifyoperation and ensure that flushing fluid isavailable.NOTE: The intent is to ensure that there is a flushingfluid supply at the head of the device and to clearthesupply line of any sediment build-up that couldprevent fluid from being delivered to the head of thedevice and minimize microbial contamination due tosilting water.6.5.3 Self-contained eye/face wash equipmentshall be visually checked to determine if flushingfluid needs to be changed or supplemented.6.5.4 Employees who may be exposed tohazardous materials shall be instructed in thelocation and proper use of eye/face wash units.6.5.5 All eye/face wash units shall beinspected annually to assure conformance withANSI Z358.1 section 6 requirements.

7. Combination Units (SeeIllustration 5)7.1 Performance of Combination Units7.1.1 Showers shall meet the performancerequirements of Section 4.7.1 .2 Eyewash units shaII meet theperformance requirements of Section 5.7.1.3 Eye/face wash units shall meet theperformance requirements of Section 6.7.1.4 Hand-held drench hoses shall meet theperformance requirements of Section 8.2.7.2 Performance of Control ValveEach valve shall meet the applicablerequirements of Sections 4, 5, 6, and 8.2.2,

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depending on which of the components listed inSection 7.1. are included.7.3 Performance Testing ProceduresEach part of the unit individually shall be certifiedin accordance with the procedures outlined inSections 4, 5, and 6, depending on which of thecomponents listed in Section 7.1 are included.7.4 InstallationIt is the installer's responsibility to ensure thatcombination units shall:7.4.1 Be assembled and installed inaccordance with the manufacturer's instructions.7.4.2 Be in accessible locations thai requireno more than 10 seconds to reach. Thecombination unit shall be located on the samelevel as the hazard and the path of travel shallbe free of obstructions that may inhibit theimmediate use of the equipment.7.4.3 Be located in an area identified with ahighly visible sign positioned so the sign shall bevisible within the area served by the combinationunit. The area around the combination unit shallbe well-lit.7.4.4 Be connected to a system capable ofsupplying adequate flushing fluid to meet therequirements of each component as outlined inSections 4, 5, and 6, when all components areoperated simultaneously. Combination unitcomponents shall be positioned so thatcomponents may be used simultaneously by thesame user. Where the possibility of freezingconditions exists, equipment shall be protectedfrom freezing or freeze-protected equipmentshall be installed.7.4.5 Deliver tepid flushing fluid. Incircumstances where chemical reaction isaccelerated by flushing fluid temperature, afacilities safety/health advisor should beconsulted for the optimum temperature for eachapplication. (See Appendix B6)7.4.6 When the combination unit is installed,its performance shall be verified in accordancewith the following procedures:


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(1) With the unit correctly connected to theflushing fluid source and the valve(s) closed,visually check the piping connections forleaks.(2) Open the shower and eyewash oreye/face wash valves to the full openposition. The valves shall remain openwithout requiring further use of the operator'shands.(3 ) Activate the valves and check theperformance of the shower, eyewash andeye/face wash valves as described inSections 4.5.7,5.4.7 and 6.4.7 respectively,while operating simultaneously ..

7.5 Maintenance and Training7.5.1 Manufacturers shall provide operation,inspection and maintenance instructions withcombination equipment. Instructions for allemergency equipment shall be readilyaccessible to maintenance and inspectionpersonnel.7.5.2 Plumbed equipment shall be activatedweekly fo r a period long enough to verifyoperation and ensure that flushing fluid isavailable.NOTE: The intent is to ensure that there is a flushingfluid supply at the head of the device and to clear thesupply line of any sediment build-up thai couldprevent fluid from being delivered to the head of thedevice and minimize microbial contamination due tositting water.7.5.3 Self-contained combination units shanbe visually checked to determine if flushing fluidneeds to be changed or supplemented.7.5.4 Employees who may be exposed tohazardous materials shall be instructed in thelocation and proper use of combination units.7.5.5 All combination units shall be inspectedannually to assure conformance with ANSIZ358.1 Section 7 requirements.

8. Supplemental EquipmentThe supplemental equipment listed below shallprovide immediate flushing to support plumbed

ANSI Z358.1-2004

and self-contained equipment but shall notreplace them.8..1. Personal Wash Units (See Illustration6)8.1.1 Performance of Personal Wash Units8.1.1.1 Personal wash units shall have thecapacity to deliver immediate flushing fluidwithout being injurious to the user. Personalwash units do not meet the criteria of plumbed orself-contained eyewash equipment.8.1.1.2 Personal wash units shall deliver tepidflushing fluid. In circumstances where chemicalreaction is accelerated by flushing fluidtemperature, a facilities safety/health advisorshould be consulted for the optimumtemperature for each application. (See Appendix86)8.1.1.3 Instructions and expiration date shall bepermanently affixed to the unit.8.1.2 Maintenance, Training and Storage8.1.2.1 Manufacturers shall provide operation,inspection and maintenance instructions withpersonal wash units. Instructions for allemergency equipment shall be readilyaccessible to maintenance and inspectionpersonnel.8.1.2.2 AI! personal wash units shall beinspected and maintained in accordance withmanufacturer's instructions ..8.1.2.3 Employees shall be instructed in thelocation, proper use and app.lication of personalwash units.8.1.2.4 All personal wash units shall beinspected annually to assure conformance withANSI Z358.1 Section 8.1 requirements.8.2 Drench Hoses (See Illustration 7)8.2.1 Performance of Drench HosesDrench hoses shall be designed to provide acontrolled flow of flushing fluid to a portion of thebody at a velocity low enough to be non-injuriousto the user.

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ANSI Z358.1-2004

NOTE: A drench hose may be considered aneyewash or eyefface wash if the device meets theperformance requirements of Section 5 and/orSection 6.8.2.2 Performance of Control ValveThe valve shall be simple to operate and shall gofrom "off' to "on" in 1 second or less. The valveshall be resistant to corrosion. Manual orautomatic actuators shall be easy to locate andreadily accessible to the user.8.2.3 InstallationIt is the installer's responsibility to ensure thatdrench hoses shall:8.2.3.1 Be assembled and installed inaccordance with the manufacturer's instructions.8.2.3.2 Be located in an area identified with ahighly visible sign positioned so the sign shall bevisible within the area served by the drenchhose. The area around the drench hose shall bewell-lit, and free of debris that may inhibit theimmediate use of the equipment.8.2.3.3 The unit shall be connected to a supplyof flushing fluid. Where the possibility of freezingconditions exists, equipment shall be protectedfrom freezing or freeze-protected equipmentshall be installed.

8.2.3.4 Deliver tepid flushing fluid. Incircumstances where chemical reaction isaccelerated by flushing fluid temperature, afacilities safety/health advisor should beconsulted for the optimum temperature for eachapplication.8.2.4 Maintenance and Training8.2.4.1 Manufacturers shall provide operation,inspection and maintenance instructions withdrench hose equipment. Instructions for allemergency equipment shall be readilyaccessible to maintenance and inspectionpersonnel.8.2.4.2 Plumbed equipment shall be activatedweekly for a period long enough to verifyoperation and ensure that flushing fluid isavailable.

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NOTE: The intent is to ensure that there is a flushingfluid supplyat the head of the device and to clear thesupply line of any sediment build-up that couldprevent fluid from being delivered to the head of thedevice and minimize microbial contamination due tosittingwater.8.2.4.3 Employees who may be exposed tohazardous materials shall be instructed in thelocation and proper use of drench hose units.


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--'--III

'/IJ

II

!

III

\\

\\\

.82. ,96 in .(208.28 em-243.84 em)

60 in(152.4 em )

\'\ \

fi9in(175.3 em )

MAX .

Illustration 1Emergency Shower

ANSI 2358.1-2004

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ANSI Z358,1-2004

MINIMUM D.lSTANCEFROM WALL

OR OBSTRUCTION1o&--_6. in

33 in - 45 inHEfGHT FROM FLOOR

Hiustration 2Plumbed Eyewash

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Illustration 3aNonpressurized Self-Contained EYeWash

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ANSI Z358.1-2004


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ANSI Z358.1-2004

~~--------,------1

Illustration 3bPressurized Self-Contained Eyewash

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L,__3.25 in{B.26cmJ- .l1.25 in rs.ia eml . .-.

ANSI Z358.1-2004

Illustration 3cTypical Eyewash Gauge

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ANSI Z358.12004

Illustration 4Eye/Face Wash

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60'

82' ,,96'

20'

-33' 45'

ANSI Z358.1-2004

Illustration 5Combination Shower and Eyewash

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ANSI Z358.1-2004

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PUSH

Illustration 6Personal Wash Units


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ANSI Z 3 58 " 1 -2 00 4

I l lustration 7Drench Hose

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ANSI Z358.1-2004

Appendices (The appendices are not part of American National Standard Z358.1-2004. but areincluded for information only.)APPEN DIX A - SAFETYCONSIOERA TIONSA1. Personal Wash UnitThe first seconds following an eye injury areoften critical to keeping eye injury to a minimum.A personal wash unit may be kept in theimmediate vicinity of employees working in apotentially hazardous area. The main purpose ofthese units is to supply immediate flushing. Withthis accomplished, the injured individual shouldthen proceed to a plumbed or self-containedeyewash and flush the eyes for the required 15-minute period.A2. First Aid PracticesA physician or other appropriate professionalshould provide guidance on specific workplacehazards and should provide instruction on theuse of emergency eyewash and showerequipment.A3. Waste DisposalConsideration should be given to the properdisposal of waste flushing fluids from operatingemergency eyewash and shower equipment.Freezing temperatures, drainage, elevatedshowers and pollutants are some, but not all, ofthe considerations. Consult authorities forassistance with applicable local, state andfederal regulations.A4. Personal Protective EquipmentEmergency eyewash, shower, drench hoseand combination units are not substitutes forproper primary protective devices. As adefense against flying solid particles andsplashing injurious liquids, workers shouldwear personal protective equipment asneeded, including eye protection, faceprotection and protective clothing.

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APPENDIX B -INSTALLATIONCONSIOERA TIONS81. Supply LinesInstallation procedures should be in accord~ncewith proper plumbing practices and supply pipingadequately sized to meet flow requirements. Ifshut off valves are installed for maintenancepurposes, provisions should be made to preventunauthorized shutoff.82. Water CapacityIt will be noted throughout ANSI Z358.1-2004that minimum water capacities are rated at aninlet supply pressure of 0.207 n:egapascals (~OIb./sq. in.). This inlet pressure IS below w.hat ISnormally considered a proper level for design ofplumbing systems (0.310 megapascals [45Ib.lsq. in.]), but has been chosen becausemeeting the installation requirements may p!aceunits at unusual distances from and elevationsabove normal supply lines. In such cases, it isthe responsibility of the designer and owner toensure proper flushing fluid delivery at possiblelow points of pressure in the plumbing system.Excess pressure can deliver water to theequipment at velocities that could injure the useror render the equipment inoperable. Cautionshould be exercised with pressures over 0.552megapascals (80 Ib.lsq. in.).83. Valve OperationIn the interest of safety, a control valveremaining open is most desirable to allow theuser the use of both hands for disrobing orholding the eyes open. However, a self-closingvalve may be permitted in a school laboratorysituation as a limited exception only where theenforcing authority is of the opinion that thehazard posed is not a serious threat.84. Alarm DevicesIn addition to the equipment identificationrequired by ANSI Z358.1-2004, users may also


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want to use audible alarms or blinking lights toindicate thai the unit is in operation. These areparticularly important in remote areas. Manycompanies connect valves electrically to warninglights or buzzers in central' dispatch areas to alertthe appropriate authorities when the unit is inuse.85. Placement of Emerg.ency EquipmentEmergency eyewash and shower equipmentshould be available for immediate use, but in noinstance should it take anindividual longer than10 seconds to reach the nearest facility.There are several factors that might influencethe location of emergency facilities. It isrecognized that the average person covers adistance of approximately 55 tt. in 10 secondswhen walking at a normal pace. The physicaland emotional state of a potential victim (visuallyimpaired, with some level of discomfort/pain, andpossibly in a state of panic) should beconsidered along with the likelihood of personnelin the immediate area to assist The installershould also consider other potential hazards thatmay be adjacent to the path of travel that mightcause further injury.A door is considered to be an obstruction.Where the hazard is not corrosive, oneintervening door can be present so long as i topens in the same direction of travel as theperson attempting to reach the emergencyequipment and the door is equipped' with aclosing mechanism that cannot be locked' toimpede access to the equipment.In situations that might warrant the placement offlushing equipment close to the hazard, such as

ANSI Z358.12004

exposure to highly corrosive chemicals,. theappropriate professional should be contacted foradvice on the proper distances. Equipmentshould be located adjacent to the hazard, butsituated in such a manner such that exposure tothe splash hazard or other hazards (e.g ..exposed electrical conductors) does not occurwhil.e using the eyewash.86. Delivered Flushing Fluid TemperatureContinuous and timely irrigation of affected'tissues for the recommended irrigation periodare the principal factors in providing first aidtreatment. Providing flushing fluid attemperatures conducive to use for therecommended irrigation period is considered anintegral part of providing suitable facilities.Medical recommendations suggest a flushingfluid at tepid temperatures be delivered toaffected chemically-injured tissue. Tempera-tures in excess of 38C (100F) have proven tobe harmful to the eyes and can enhancechemical interaction with the eyes and skin.While cold flushing fluid temperatures provideimmediate cooling after chemical contact,prolonged exposure to cold fluids affect theability to maintain adequate body temperatureand can result in the premature cessation of firstaid treatment. Recen! information indicates thata temperature of 60F is suitable for the lowerparameter for tepid flushing fluid without causinghypothermia to the equipment user.

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ANS! Z358.1-2004

REFERENCES

Independent study results: PlacementDimension Verification, provided by Anthrotech,Ye!!ow Springs, OH, 2002Clinical Ophthalmology, Harper & Row, 1992,Vol. 2, Chapter 21Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design,Woodson, W. E. and Conover, D. W., Army,Navy, Air Force Steering Committee, UnitedStates Government, 1972Human Engineering Guide for EquipmentDesigners, University of California Press, 1964,2nd ed.United States Flight Surgeon's Manual, Chapter20, 1991 ,Third ed.United States Coast Guard lifesaving and firesafety standards for commercial ships andrecreational boats - Cold Water Survival

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ansi z358.1-2004 safety showers

Documents

y american national

safety showers

proposed standard

important safety equipment

aid equipment

appropriate safety

worker safety

supplemental equipment