AnSc3305: Library Resources and Services

Megan Kocher, Fall 2012

Who am I?

Megan Kocher

• Librarian for 3 departments:

– Food Science and Nutrition

– Animal Science

– Soil, Water, and Climate

• mkocher@umn.edu

• 612-625-3605

Agenda

• Library website

• Keywords

• Review articles vs research articles

• Searching databases

• Citations and plagiarism

www.lib.umn.edu

Brainstorming Keywords

Effects of bacon

On fetal development

Bacon

Swine

Hog

development

Effects of

Maternal cholesterol

Maternal

Prenatal

Fetal dev.

cholesterol

Suggested Topics• Role of leptin in the onset of puberty in humans

• Neuroendocrine regulation of induced ovulation

• Modulation of implantation by the immune system

• Sex reversal in mammals

• Selection of the dominant follicle in livestock

• Infectious causes of embryonic mortality in livestock

• Regulation of reproductive aging

• American Eugenics : the dangers of selective breeding

• The oogonia ‗stem cell‘ OR Is a female really born with a finite number of eggs ?

• International decline in male fertility

• Xenotransplantation: the new market for animal cloning and transgenesis

• Natural cloning in animal

• Interested in disease processes ?? – consider checking primary literature on Kallman‘s syndrome

or other pathologies we have discussed

• Endocrine disruptors

• Sex chromosome evolution (e.g. marsupials vs. other mammals)

• Surrogacy and human infertility

• Long-term physiological effects of infertility methods on offspring (i.e. IVF, ICSI, etc.)

Review Articles vs. Research Articles

Research Articles

Research articles in the sciences are

generally reports of experiments or other

forms of analysis. They introduce the topic,

explain how the work was done, what

resulted, and how that results might be

interpreted. Research articles are

considered primary sources because they

contain the original research information

and/or data.

Parts of a Research Article

• Introduction

• Materials and Methods

• Results

• Discussion

• Conclusions

• Bibliography or Literature Cited or

References

Review Articles

Review articles are generally written by

experts in the fields, and they provide an

overview of a topic. They are often referred

to as secondary literature, since they do

not directly report on an experiment or other

new idea.

What do Review Articles Do?

• Provide background

• Include a bibliography of the primary

research literature

• Help you identify a narrower area of

interest

Searching for Articles

Search Tips

• Combine ideas or sets with AND

– Using "AND" is a form of Boolean Searching (and, or, not).

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa66AxTbjxA&feature=youtu.

be&t=3m19s

• Use the subject terms the database provides, to be

comprehensive

• Use a wildcard (*) to get words with various endings

– forest* (= forest, forests, forestry, forester)

– signal*

– father*

Searching For Research Articles

• Google Scholar

• PubMed

• Medline

• CAB Abstracts

• Scopus

Searching For Review Articles

• Google Scholar

• PubMed

• Medline

• CAB Abstracts

• Scopus

Activity

• In groups of 2 or 3, choose one topic.

• Find 1 review article or 1 research article

on the topic.

• Be prepared to report back:

– What search terms did you use?

• Did you revise your terms after searching

• What databases did you use?

– What article did you find?

• How can you tell whether it is research or review?

Citing Sources & Avoiding Plagiarism

Why do we cite our sources?

• http://vimeo.com/13547869

• "Citations allow researchers to find, read,

and comment on each others' sources.―

• "Writers also cite their sources to avoid

plagiarism." *

*From "Citations Online Tutorial" found at http://www.lib.umn.edu/research/instruction/modules/lsamp-citations2/

University of Minnesota

Definition of PlagiarismPlagiarism shall mean representing the

words, creative work, or ideas

of another person as one's own without

providing proper documentation

of source.

Examples• Copying information word for word from a source without using

quotation marks and giving proper acknowledgement by way of

footnote, endnote, or in-text citation;

• Representing the words, ideas, or data of another person as one's

own without providing proper attribution to the author through

quotation, reference, in-text citation, or footnote;

• Producing, without proper attribution, any form of work

originated by another person, such as a musical phrase, a proof, a

speech, an image, experimental data, laboratory report, graphic

design or computer code;

• Paraphrasing, without sufficient acknowledgment, ideas taken from

another person that the reader might reasonably mistake as the

author's.

• Borrowing various words, ideas, phrases, or data from original

sources and blending them with one's own without acknowledging the

sources.

How to use other people‘s

words and ideas

Summarizing

• Text is much shorter than original

• Must use your own words

• Must cite original source

Paraphrasing

• Text may be shorter or longer than original

• Must use your own words

• Must cite original source

Quoting

• Text is exact length of original.

• Uses original author’s exact words

• Uses quotation marks or block quotes

• Includes page number

• Must cite original source

Exercise

Original quotation:

"Roosevelt first used the term Square Deal

following the settlement of a mining strike in 1902

to describe the ideal of peaceful coexistence

between big business and labour unions. The

Square Deal concept was later largely

incorporated into the platform of the Progressive

Party, when Roosevelt was its presidential

candidate in 1912" (Britannica, p. 184).

Example 1

Paraphrase: Roosevelt invented THE TERM SQUARE DEAL after the

MINING STRIKE IN 1902 was settled TO DESCRIBE THE IDEAL OF

PEACEFUL cooperation BETWEEN BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR

UNIONS. THE SQUARE DEAL CONCEPT WAS LATER LARGELY

worked INTO THE PLATFORM OF THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY,

WHEN ROOSEVELT WAS ITS PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IN 1912.

Is it plagiarism?

Why?

• Substituting new words, and changing a few words around in the

sentences doesn't make it a paraphrase!

• The structure of the two sentences is virtually identical.

• There is no citation (Britannica, p.184) at the end of the paraphrase,

pointing out the source of the information.

YES!

Example 2

Paraphrase: Roosevelt first used the term Square Deal to describe the

ideal of peaceful coexistence between big business and labor unions,

although it was later largely incorporated into the platform of the

Progressive Party, when Roosevelt was its presidential candidate in

1912 (Britannica, p. 184).

Is it plagiarism?

Why?

• Omitting a few words from the sentences doesn‘t make it a

paraphrase!

• The structure of the paraphrase is still almost identical to that of the

original quotation.

• OK—at least this person used a citation at the end of the

―paraphrase‖!

YES!

Example 3

Paraphrase: Although originally used in reference to relationships

between companies and labor unions, the Square Deal ultimately

became a component of the Progressive party platform in 1912.

Is it plagiarism?

Why?

•The author did not cite the original source.

YES!

Example 4

Paraphrase: Although originally used in reference to relationships

between companies and labor unions, the Square Deal ultimately

became a component of the Progressive party platform in 1912

(Britannica, p. 184).

Is it plagiarism?

Why?

• Summarized in author‘s own words.

• Cites source

No!

Image Credits

bacon, CC BY-ND Sappymoosetree, Flickr

Epic battle, CC BY-NC-ND, Roger Mateo Poquet, Flickr

Dig for victory, University of Minnesota Archives

Bibliography, CC BY-NC, papertrix, Flickr