anorexia articles (1)

7/29/2019 Anorexia Articles (1)

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Influence of peer pressure on bulimia rates in college females

http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/science/article/pii/S0022249603000695

Consequences of teenage anorexia and predisposing factors?

http://search.proquest.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/docview/204519171?accountid=14649

OCD/anxiety: Sixteen individuals in the AN group (31%) compared with 4 in the COMP group

(8%) had met criteria for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) at some time in their lives (p


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Of the 17 cases with empathy disorder (15 subjects in the AN and 2 in the COMP group), 10 were in the "top

20" of poor outcomes according to the averaged Morgan-Russell scales scores. In this group of poor outcome

cases, 4 reported that they were recovered (in spite of their very obvious poor functioning according to more

objective measures, such as very low weight, menstrual abnormalities, and poor social relationships). All these

four had empathy disorder.

In summary, most adolescent-onset AN cases recover from AN within 6-7 years. A majoritydevelop bulimic symptomatology. Almost all AN cases are seriously depressed at some time during

the course of the eating disorder, but it is unusual for depression to precede AN or to persist after

the eating disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder/obsessive compulsive personality disorders

were very common and consistent over time, and they seemed to be quite often associated with

empathy problems. The presence of empathy disorder predicted poor outcome better than the

eating disorder or any other comorbid Axis I diagnosis. The results of the study suggests that, at

least in a subgroup, AN should be viewed rather as a marker for an underlying longer term

psychiatric disorder than a discrete disease entity. This has implications for treatment and

rehabilitation. One cannot expect recovery from eating disorder symptoms to be accompanied by

acceptable psychosocial adjustment in all cases.

The prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in

individuals with AN is high, with variations between studies ranging from 22% to 87% (mean

50%).

12

Also, studies of patients with childhood and

adolescent-onset AN compared with controls have

found an increased prevalence of PDs in young

adulthood.

13,14

The Cluster C disorders, avoidant,

dependent. and obsessive-compulsive PDs, are by

far the most frequent in individuals with AN, with

an average prevalence of 45%.

Low self-esteem is found in many psychiatric

disorders and is particularly common in depression.

23,29

There is divergent evidence as to whether

low self-esteem in patients with AN is dependent

on comorbid depression or independently associated with the ED.


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http://web.ebscohost.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=278d6de1-

57df-4aca-8e29-7f2e3410be1e%40sessionmgr10&vid=18&hid=16

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a57a0c1736d6%40sessionmgr12&vid=1&hid=16&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=p

syh&AN=1991-07733-001Argues that anorexia nervosa and many forms of bulimia are a prominent form of obsessive-

compulsive (OC) illness in Western culture. The centrality of obsessive rumination on food and dietary matters and of

compulsive elimination and self-starvation rituals has not been fully considered. These conditions are manifestations of a

modern OC disorder reflecting the impact of social influences on developmental difficulties and symptomatology during

adolescence.

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zh&AN=2009-19610-000

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c1c2fe5938ed%40sessionmgr10&vid=1&hid=16&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=p

bh&AN=18898989

Self persperctive:

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98cf95e169a1%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pbh&AN=218070

30



Anxiety and peer groups

Being a member of a crowd in itself did not predict socialization of social anxiety, but adolescents in the Radical

crowd were more influenced by their peerssocial anxiety than adolescents who did not affiliate with the Radicalcrowd group. The results suggest that through a bidirectional process, adolescents affiliating with Radical crowds

may narrow their peer relationship ties in time, and in turn socialize each others social anxiety.

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f88211caa2bd%40sessionmgr4&vid=1&hid=16&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=psy

h&AN=2011-24561-013

Self esteem

Second, after the group therapy, perception of physical appearance, self-concept related to weight

and shape, self-concept related to others and perception of happiness and satisfaction (all
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within self-esteem) and social withdrawal (within social skills) improved significantly in both groups.

Third, in self-esteem variables (perception of intellectual and school status, physical appearance and

freedom from anxiety) and social skills variables (consideration forothers and social withdrawal), the

improvement was significantly higher in BN-rd than in AN-rd. We found higher levels of self-

contempt related to weight and shape and a poorer perception of intellectual and school status and

behaviour adjustment in our BN-rd sample. In general, lower self-esteem is related to theendorsement of stereotyped beliefs about thinness and dissatisfaction with appearance and weight

(Cooper & Fairburn, 1992), and is a risk factor for dietary restraint and disordered eating; what is

more, higher levels of body dissatisfaction and body image concerns among young people are also

associated with lower global self-worth and greater dissatisfaction with other aspects of life (Strauss

& Pollack, 2003). So, selfesteem is also related to the perception of academic achievement:

adolescents reported that, apart from their relationships, their performance at school was the most

central feature in their feelings of self-worth (Geller, Zaitsoff, & Srikameswaran, 2002). Eating

disturbances also have detrimental effects on performance on a range of cognitive tasks including

problemsolving ability.

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9d42-453d-af06-31aaa4e165fe%40sessionmgr11&vid=2&hid=16

http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/science/article/pii/S1057740810000239

An association between low self-esteem and AN is

well documented.

4,6,22,23

In a retrospective study of

risk factors for AN, Fairburn et al.

3

found that negative self-evaluation and perfectionism in childhood

were particularly typical antecedents of both ANand bulimia nervosa (BN). Low self-esteem has been

associated with the development of eating problems

in several longitudinal studies.

4,2426

However, two

longitudinal studies that controlled for baseline

pathology found no significant impact of selfesteem on the risk for ED

27

or the outcome of ED.28


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anorexia articles (1)

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