annual report report 2011-12.pdfannual report 2011 - 2012 national institute of research on jute and...

A N N U A L R E P O R T

2011 - 2012

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCHON JUTE AND ALLIED FIBRE TECHNOLOGYIndian Council of Agricultural Research12 Regent Park Kolkata 700 040 India

Published by

Dr. K. K. Satapathy

Director

Editorial Board

Dr. M. K. Basak

Ms. P. R. Ghatak

Shri R. D. Sharma

Shri S. Kundu

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCHON JUTE & ALLIED FIBRE TECHNOLOGY12 Regent ParkKolkata 700 040 India

Phone 2471 1807 (Director)2421 2115/6/7 (EPBX)

Gram JUTLABFax 91 33 2471 2583E-mail [email protected] www.nirjaft.res.in

Design & Printed byCaps Micrographics8/2, Kiran Shankar Roy Road, Kolkata-700 001

Cover Design & Photography

Shri K. Mitra

Foreword i

Summary ii

The Institute v

A Glance at NIRJAFT vii

Research Accomplishments 1

Institutional Activities 80

Human Resource Development 89

Seminar/Conference/ Workshop/Meeting attended 90

Publication 95

Research Support Services 103

Distinguished Visitors 105

Research & Development Programme 106

Personnel 110

Financial 113

Institute Organogram 114

Contents

ForewordIt is my proud privilege to bring out the Annual Report of the institute for the year 2011-12. The reportwill focus the research activities that were undertaken by various R&D Divisions of the institute duringthe year.

An accelerated retting process has been standardized and the crux of the problem has been identified.The future generation of farmers will not work in knee-deep water for jute retting due to health hazards.The method developed by the institute ensures fibre quality with requirement of minimum amount ofwater. The only hurdle for effective implementation of the technique at farmers' field is a high capacityribboner machine. NIRJAFT is working aggressively with the collaboration of other R&D organizationsand private entrepreneurs to develop such a ribboner and we are hopeful that in near future this wouldbe possible.

Another potential area in jute sector is jute reinforced composite and though the wetting properties ofjute with resins is somewhat lower than glass fibre, but efforts is being made to improve the adhesionproperties of jute, resin or both. ICAR has sanctioned a project this year under “Natural Fund for Basic,Strategic, Frontier Application Research in Agriculture” to support our effort in this regard.

The thrust area and programme for the XII Plan has been finalized. Emphasis has been given for extractionand utilization of unexploited or under exploited fibres like, banana, sisal, pineapple, ramie, sunhemp etc.Efforts would be made to develop extractor machine for these fibres along with technology for utilizationof the biomass that would be left out after fibre extraction. This will make the whole process of extractionan economic and profitable technology for the cultivators.

In the area of geo-textiles, we have made a headway and jute geo-textiles particularly non-woven havebeen found suitable for agricultural use like mulching and horticultural pots. Roads constructed with jutegeo-textiles have been found to withstand traffic load much better than normal roads.

One of the important activities of this institute is the transfer of technology and development of entrepreneurthrough business incubation, field demonstration, training programme to improve rural livelihood andemployment generation.

I am thankful to Dr. M.K. Basak, Mrs. P.R. Ghatak, Mr. R.D. Sharma, Shri Kaushik Mitra and Shri SubirKundu who have prepared this document within a short notice.

I shall be happy if the report is adorned by researchers, industrialists, academicians and people in differentwalks of life.

(Dr. K. K. Satapathy)

Director

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

SummaryNIRJAFT, a premier institute for technological research on jute and allied fibres has made significant

achievements to promote utilization of jute and other natural fibres in diversified areas by exploiting their

intrinsic properties. Some of the multifaceted areas of research the institute has addressed successfully

through sustained R & D activities in the past : upgradation of fibre quality through improved retting

techniques, instrumentation and quality management of fibres, yarns and fabrics, process development

for diversified value added products of consumer appeal, development of woven, nonwoven and knitted

jute based technical textiles with export potential, development of rural based low cost technologies for

conversion of fibres and their agro-residues to value added products, bio-energy generation, advance

chemical and biochemical finishing of fabrics and management of IPR issues.

The increasing energy cost and environmental consciousness has created new opportunities in the market

for development and integration of natural fibres to meet the growing demand of diversified and innovative

eco-friendly products of consumer appeal from jute and allied fibres.

The R & D activities of the institute during the reported period comprised of (i) Field trial and

demonstration of NIRJAFT's developed improved retting technologies in different centres of JCI,

(ii) Development of bioadhesives from cell-wall polymers of jute and ramie fibre crops, (iii) Development

of a PLC based process control system, (iv) Development of a user-friendly jute grading system,

(v) Development of technology for extraction and characterization of useful phytochemicals from jute

(Corchorus sp.) and Dhaincha (Sesbania sp.) seeds, (vi) To study the effectiveness of fungal retting by

sclerotium sp. at farmer's field, (vii) Online moisture measurement system for lignocellulosic fibre processing

system, (viii) Development of natural fibre-based geotextiles and placement system for protection of river-

bank and improvement of soil stabilization, (ix) Enhancing the figuring capacity of developed handloom

and study of its weaving performance for speciality fabric production and product development therefrom,

(x) Processing of natural fibres like banana and linseed in jute spinning system and development of value

added products, (xi) Development of jute-based winter garments, (xii) Modification of jute spinning

machinery, (xiii) Development of composite yarns for technical textiles from natural fibres based on friction

spinning technology, (xiv) Study on bending, frictional and electrical behaviour of jute materials,

ii

S U M M A R Y

(xv) Study of different pulping methods on jute and allied fibres for making value added handmade paper,

(xvi) Development of fibre-board from jute plant, (xvii) Development of jute based composites for industrial

application, (xviii) Dyeing of jute fabric using natural dyes with improved fastness properties,

(xix) Application of biotechnology in the colouration of jute fabric, (xx) Energy from jute and agro-residue

biomass, (xxi) Environmental impact analysis of production of jute and geo-textiles in view of carbon

balance, (xxii) Development of new range of jute fabric including newer multi fibre weave,

(xxiii) Development of low cost dense jute non-woven fabric, (xxiv) Development of electronic and

microprocessor based integrated instrumentation for jute grading system, (xxv) A value chain on coconut

fibre and its byproducts : Manufacture of Diversified Products of Higher Value and Better Marketability

to Enhance the Economic Returns of Farmers under NAIP (component-II). The institute performed

various activities through Zonal technology management and business planning and development (BPD)

unit under NAIP (component-I) and also achieved substantial progress in NAIP (component-III) project

i.e. Sustainable rural livelihood empowerment project for northern disadvantaged districts of West Bengal.

The Design, Development & Maintenance Section has fabricated five grading instruments and supplied

to different organisations.

Received two patents granted on the topic “A closed-loop measurement system regulating flyer's speed

of a spinning machine” & “A composite system for measuring hairiness of coarser and finer jute yarns”

and two more patents have been filed.

Under transfer of technology context three MOU have been signed for manufacturing and marketing of

our products.

The institute has organised twenty eight in-house seminars which were mostly project oriented.

Thirty training/workshop/demonstration were organised in which number of participants were about 320.

To promote jute as an eco-friendly alternative for a sustainable future, NIRJAFT showcased its developed

technologies in the fairs, exhibitions and campaigns, etc.

Among the institutional activities, the 63 Institute Management Committee meeting was held on 14

February 2012, the XXI Research Advisory Committee meeting was held on 2 & 3 March 2012, the

iii

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

iv

Institute Research Committee Meeting of NIRJAFT was held on 8 & 9 September 2011, Meeting of

QRT(2007-2012) was held on five different days from December 2011 to March 2012, two meetings

of IJC were held on 6 July 2011 and 16 January 2012. Hindi week was celebrated during

14-22 September 2011.

Nirjaft was awarded with two DST projects and one project on jute based bio-composites funded by

National Fund for Basic, Strategic and Frontier Application Research in Agriculture (NFBSFARA), ICAR,

besides three National Jute Board Projects and three NAIP projects, which were continuing.

T H E I N S T I T U T E

The InstituteThe institute was established in 1938 as Jute Technological Research Laboratories under the auspices of

the Indian Central Jute Committee in the present premises at Kolkata. Later on in 1965 it was integrated

to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research as a constituent unit. During the long period of seven

decades the institute had flourished with multifarious disciplines and carved a niche as a centre of excellence

for research on jute and allied fibre technology catering to the farm community and the industry.

The institute is located on the southern fringe of the metropolis of Kolkata known as Tollygunge with a

total plot area measuring around 17,628.67 sqm. which includes the laboratory campus of 13,671.67 sqm

and the staff quarter campus measuring around 3957 sqm. The institute is adequately equipped with the

state of the art laboratories having sophisticated instruments, equipments, machinery, workshop, library,

museum, ARIS cell, pilot plant, generator house along with a guest house in the adjoining campus of staff

quarters.

The R&D programmes of the institute are implemented through the following four full fledged divisions

and some sections :

Quality Evaluation & Improvement Division deals with fibre quality improvement through basic and technological

research on extraction of jute and allied fibres, study of their physico-chemical properties, modifications for

diversified end-uses, exploring useful chemicals from fibre plants and enrichment of NIRJAFT culture bank.

Mechanical Processing Division is mainly to carry out basic and applied research on production of textiles based

on jute and allied fibres for traditional and diversified applications including development of efficient machines

and instruments.

Chemical & Bio-Chemical Processing Division renders researches towards utilization of agricultural resources

of jute and allied fibres for conservation of energy and preparation of value added products such as pulp and

paper, composites and particle board and fabrics through bleaching, dyeing and finishing processes.

Transfer of Technology Division looks after transfer of institute technology and entrepreneurship development,

Information Technology, Human Resource Development.

The sections render specialized services to the institute viz. quality assurance section provides facilities

for physical testing of fibres & yarns; Grading section undertakes the services for grading of jute and

training on raw jute grading; Design, Development & Maintenance section is equipped with the workshop

facility for mechanical design, development and fabrication of instruments, equipments and small machinery;

Knowledge Management Cell provides agricultural research information services and infrastructural

support for computer system; Priority Setting, Monitoring & Evaluation Cell keeps and maintains records

and informations relating to R&D projects & various reports and interact with all the Divisions for overall

coordination in implementing the institute R&D programmes.

v

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

vi

The Institute Technology Management Unit deals with I P Management and Technology Transfer/

Commercialization for the institute in accordance with the guideline for I P Management in ICAR

system.

The library of the institute acts as a centre of repository for scientific and technological information onjute & allied fibres by maintaining a wide collection of reference books, periodicals, journals, monographs,reports, reviews etc. relevant to jute and other scientific topics.

Mandate

To carry out basic and technological research on jute and allied fibres.

To promote production of good quality fibres.

To upgrade the fibre and the product quality.

To find diversified uses of plant fibres, their agricultural by-products and industrial wastes in largescale and decentralized sectors.

To act as a repository of scientific and technological information on jute and allied fibres.

To act as a center of human resource development in relation to jute & allied fibres and establishlinkages among different scientific and industrial organizations through exchange of scientific andtechnological knowledge.

Staff position as on 31.03.2012

Category Sanctioned posts Posts filled Posts vacant

R.M.P. 1 1 0

Scientific 44 21 23

Technical 59 51 8

Administrative 35 28 7

Supporting 41 34 7

Auxiliary 4 4 0

Total 184 139 45

A G L A N C E A T N I R J A F T

A Glance at Nirjaft Development of new product/ process

1. Optimization of parameters of fibre board preparation from whole jute plant

2. Development of New Range of Jute Fabric including newer multi fibre weave

3. Development of finer jute-coconut fibre blended yarn

4. Development of Pre-fabricated grass carpet

The institute published thirty scientific papers in Indian journal and eight in Foreign journal.

In-house seminar organised - Twenty eight

Training/Workshop/Demonstration Programme Organised - Thirty ; Participants - 320

vii

Training on extraction & utilisation of banana fibre

Trainingprogramme on jute bag, chappal & handicrafts Workshop on designing of ornamental jute fabric

Grading of trainees by Asstt.Director, HRD of DC (Handicrafts)

Training programme on soft luggage Workshop on standardization of jutegrading system

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Field Trial/Demonstration

Field demonstration-cum-training programme on ribboning and accelerated jute retting

technology for mesta in Nov., 2011 under Mini Mission III programme of Jute Technology

Mission at 3 JCI centres of Andhra Pradesh in which about 300 farmers participated.

A field trial on dry retting of jute was conducted at Berachampa, 24 Parganas (North) on

fungal dry retting of jute as field trial cum demonstration programme during mid September

of 2011. The programme was organised by JCI, Berachampa unit.

The earthen embankment of Bramhani river under Rampurhat II Panchayet Samity, Birbhum,

was re-constructed using jute-coconut fibre-based geotextiles developed by NIRJAFT. The

soil of the embankment has been stabilized and vegetation has been established.

Five handlooms designed, developed & fabricated by NIRJAFT for weaving jute-based

ornamental fabric, were installed at different states viz. Jharkhand, West Bengal, Arunachal

Pradesh & Orissa. Training-cum-demonstration were also conducted for weavers.

Participation in Exhibition

To promote jute as an eco-friendly alternative for a sustainable future, NIRJAFT showcased its

developed technologies in the fairs, exhibitions and campaigns, etc.

ICAR-CII Industry Meet, NASC Complex, ICAR, New Delhi, 23rd. May, 2011, organized

by ICAR

3rd. Agro Protech 2011, Kolkata, Nov. 03-05, 2011 organized by Indian Chamber of Commerce

(ICC)

Inauguration of Punrasar Jute Park, Purnea, Bihar, Jan. 05-06, 2012 organized by Shri

Rameswar Jute Mill, Samastipur, Bihar

25th. National Convention of Agricultural Engineers and National Seminar, Kolkata, Jan.

19-20, 2012 organized by The Institution of Engineers (India), West Bengal State Centre

Eastern Zone Regional Agriculture Fair, 2011-12 CRRI, Cuttack, Orissa, Feb. 21-23, 2012

organized by Directorate of Extension, Min. of Agriculture, Govt. of India

Global Conference on Women in Agriculture, NASC Complex, ICAR, New Delhi, March

13-15, 2012 organized by ICAR and APARI.

viii

A G L A N C E A T N I R J A F T

ix

MOU signed: Three

Manufacturing and marketing of (a) automatic flyer spinning machine and (b) Automated

drawing machine for jute-coconut fibre processing with B. S. Enterprises, Howrah and

Tex(style) India, Howrah respectively. The machine with programmable logic control mechanism

will reduce the down time, breakages and will require less manpower.

Manufacturing and marketing of Pre-fabricated grass carpet with M/s Garden Hut, Kolkata.

Patent filed- Two

A patent application filed on An Electronic Air Flow Fineness Meter Device vide no.

354/KOL/2012 dated 29/03/2012.

A provisional patent obtained on An Integrated system for Online Measuring of Influencing

Parameters in respect of Pre processed jute fibres to assign quality gradation - vide no.

355/KOL/2012 dated 29/03/2012.

Patent granted- Two

Date of filing Application International Title Inventors Date of Patent Additional R &D AreasApplication in Number category No. grant, if so RemarksPatent Office allotted by(complete) Patent Office

10.09.2006 621/Kol/2006 IC- B65H67/00 A closed-loop G. Roy, 13.04.2011 Patent Instrumentation

measurement Sh.G. K. No-247513

system Bhattacharya, Date of

regulating Dr. S. K. publication-

flyer's speed Bhattacharya 22.04.2011

of a spinning

machine

21.12.2006 1387/Kol/2006 IC-DO2G A composite Dr. S. N. Ghosh, 02.05.2011 Patent Instrumentation

system for Dr. M. K. Naskar No-247684

measuring Dr. Sujit Kumar Date of

hairiness of Bhattacharyya publication-

coarser and 06.05.2011

finer jute yarns

Instrument/equipment fabricated under DDM Section

Grading instruments: Five Nos.

a) Bundle Strength Tester- 4 nos.

b) Air-flow Fineness Tester- 1 no.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

x

Award

National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (ICAR),Kolkata has been selected for felicitation 3rd prize for the year 2010-2011 regarding outstanding implementation of the Official LanguagePolicy of Union in region “ C '' under domain of Regional ImplementationOffice (E.R.)

Sri R.D. Sharma, AD(OL) and Sri K.L. Ahirwar, Technical Officer andreceived the shield and Certificate on behalf of the Director, NIRJAFTin annual conference and zonal Official Language felicitation celebrationand colloquium held at auditorium, Indira Gandhi Science ComplexPlanetarium, Belly road, Patna on 9th Feb. 2012.

Machinery / Instruments / Software Procured

1. Ring spinning machines

2. Fabric abrasion tester

3. Computerised yarn abration tester

4. Yarn twist tester

5. Single yarn strength tester

6. Texture mapping software

Infrastructure developed

Setting up of ornamental fabric weaving laboratory

The shield

Achievements

Under the study of 'development of bio-

adhesives from cell-wall polymers of jute and

ramie fibre crops', particle boards of jute stick

prepared with 15% (w/w) lignin-phenol-

formaldehyde (LPF) resin, showed water

absorption and strength properties within the

acceptable range.

Conducted field trial on fungal dry retting of

jute at Berachampa, 24 Parganas.

Through a pot trial experiment, it was

conclusively proved that Sclerotium sp. has

got injurious effect to next rice crop.

Quality Evaluation andImprovement Division

RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

2

1.43 Investigation into the role of chemical accelerator and utilizationpotential of retting residue in the accelerated jute retting technologyand its assessment for adoption through field demonstrations

Dr. S. K.Bhaduri, Dr. M. K. Basak, Shri M. K. Mukhopadhyay, Shri A. Ghosh, Dr. S. C.

Saha, Shri P. Mojumder & Smt. R. Nandi

Ribbon retting of jute with Sonali Sathi, a retting composition for microbial growth to accelerate retting

and reduce quantity of retting water, was conducted and compared with the conventional retting of jute

stem. The retting liquor was analysed with progress of retting to study the effect of the microbial growth

promoter, Sonali Sathi developed for the water-saving and accelerated retting of jute, on the retting process.

The results are reported in Table 1

Table 1 : Analysis of retting liquor of conventional and accelerated retting

Time pH Microbial population(day) Conventional Accelerated Conventional Retting Accelerated Retting

Retting Retting Bacteria Fungi Bacteria Fungi

(cfu) (cfu) (cfu) (cfu)

`Control 6.79 8.45 6x104 1x102 21x104 2x102

0 6.42 8.04 14x106 5x102 30x105 4x102

1 5.90 7.55 50x106 7x102 26x107 6x102

2 5.31 6.83 15x106 9x102 29x107 5x102

3 5.35 6.73 20x106 29x102 33x107 2x102

6 5.49 6.45 13x106 33x104 21x107 2x102

7 5.54 6.35 12x106 30x102 18x107 8x101

8 5.35 6.54 22x106 38x104 23x107 6x101

9 5.19 6.63 20x106 32x104 19x107 5x101

10 5.34 6.77 18x106 29x104 16x107 4x101

The progress of retting showed similar trend reported earlier starting at alkaline pH of 8.45 to about neutral

pH of 6.77 at the end and maximum bacterial proliferation at the end of 2nd day accelerating, the overall

retting process to complete it in 10 days. The fungal population decreases in the retting process. It was

observed that :

i) The quality of fibre is affected due to scarcity of retting water and inadequate facility for retting jute

in conventional retting process. Green jute plants require huge quantity of water (plant : water ratio,

1 : 20) for efficient retting and production of good quality fibre.

3

ii) Accelerated and water saving retting of jute ribbons has been achieved with Sonali Sathi, a microbial

growth promoter developed under the project, yielding better quality fibre. The retting time is

reduced to 10 days and water requirement is only about 10% of the amount of water required for

conventional retting

iii) Chemical and microbial analysis of retting water from traditional and accelerated jute retting

indicated different pathway for improved retting process.

One aerobic bacterium, which grows profusely in alkaline pH of 8 - 10 and responsible for accelerated

retting has been isolated from the retting liquor. Morphological and biochemical tests (Table 2) have

shown the bacterium as Bacillius subtilis. Two fungi have also been isolated from the retting water of

accelerated retting and identified as F. solani and F. oxysporium by morphological and biochemical tests.

The fungi present in retting water of conventional retting increases in population with progress of retting

while only two fungi have been isolated from retting water with Sonali Sasthi which decreases in population

with progress of retting.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was conducted to study the difference between this bacterial

strain (ARB-3) with standard Bacillus subtilis (MTCC). The following methodology was followed.

Genomic DNA isolated from 2 strains ARB3 and MTCC (standard) using Chromous Bacterial

genomic DNA isolation kit (RKT09).

Isolated Genomic DNA was loaded on agarose for checking the quality

PCR amplification performed using RAPD primer 5'-AGGACTCGATAACAGGCT-'3.

The PCR products were loaded on 2% agarose gel for checking.

R E S E A R C H A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S

RAPD Analysis of bacterium

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

4

Lane description :

Lane L1: 500bp Ladder

Lane 1: RAPD profile of Bacillus subtilis strain1 (BM3)

Lane 2: RAPD profile of Bacillus subtilis strain2 (D5)

Lane 3: RAPD profile of Bacillus subtilis strain3 MTCC

Lane 4: RAPD profile of ARB3

Lane L2: 500bp ladder

From the RAPD profile obtained on agarose gel as well as from phylogenetic tree, it was observed that:

The phylogenetic relationship shows branching out ARB3 and MTCC together and bootstrap valuebetween the two strains is 26 indicating that they are not closely related. Sample BM3 also branchingfrom the root but it is different from ARB3 and MTCC. Boot strap value between BM3 and(ARB/MTCC) is 20. Sample D5 is different from the other three strains and branched differently.

Sample ARB3 is different from other Bacillus subtilis strains.

Table 2 : Morphological and biochemical Tests of bacterium

Test Observation Identification

Colony colour Creamy white Bacillus subtilis

Cell Long rod in short chain

Endospore +

Gram reaction +

Gelatin +

Oxidase +

H2S –

Citrate utilization –

Catalaze +

Arginine dehydrolase –

Field demonstrations of the accelerated retting technology for mesta were conducted at 3 differentcentres of JCI in Andhra Pradesh under the Mini-Mission III programme of Jute Technology Mission inwhich about 200 farmers participated. The results of demonstrations showed (Table 3) improvement inquality of fibre by improved retting compared to the low grade of mesta obtained by traditional processof retting.


5

Table 3 : Quality of Fibre in Retting Demonstrations

Centre Retting Method Tenacity Fineness Grade(gm/tex) (tex)

Ponduru Conventional – – M-6Conventional* 28.4 4.4 M-4Ribbon 27.6 5.0 M-5Whole Plant 25.2 3.0 M-4

Chipurpally Conventional – – M-6Ribbon 26.9 3.5 M-4 + 60%

Bobbili Conventional – – M-5Conventional* 29.6 3.8 M-4Ribbon 30.5 4.8 M-5

* conventionally retted jute further retted with Sonali Sathi for upgrading quality.

QEI-1 Development of bioadhesives from cell-wall polymers of jute andramie fibre crops

Dr. S. K. Bhaduri, Shri P. Mojumder & Shri S. B. Mondal

Kraft lignin from jute was used for making bioadhesive as lignosulfonate produced by sulphite pulpingdisadvantages viz. water sensitivity, low reactivity with formaldehyde and large molecular weight.

The reaction condition for kraft pulping of dry jute plant is given in Table 4.

Table 4 : Pulping condition of jute plant by Kraft pulping

Temp. Pressure Time Chemical Sulphidity M/L ratio

170°C 7.5 kg/cm2 3 h 20% 20% 1 : 10

The black liquor ( pH 11.5 ) was collected and filtered. Lignin was precipitated from black liquor by

acidification with mineral acid to pH 4-5 and collected by centrifugation. Ash content: 10.3%. Lignin

washed with acidic water (pH 2) and dried. Ash content of acid washed lignin: 1.0%. The reactivity of

lignin with HCHO is poor due to i) low phenolic content, ii) steric constraints to cross linking due to

o- and p- substituents to phenolic group and iii) large molecular size. Reactivity was increased by chemical

modification viz. hydroxymethylation to introduce reactive x-linking sites.

Preparation of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin : Lignin used as co-reactant with phenol in 30:70

and 40:60 ratios for reaction with HCHO to prepare L-P-F resin. The ratio of phenolic substrate and

HCHO in the reaction is maintained at 1:1.15 to 1.25. A uniform mixture of lignin and phenol in alkaline

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

6

solution at pH 10-11 was made by adding 20% alkali and stirring at 75°-80°C for 1h. Temperature was

reduced to 50°C and HCHO was added in portions to the mixture under stirring condition maintaining

pH at 10-11. The reaction was completed in 4h.

Preparation of PF resin : PF resin was prepared by standard method for comparison in properties asstandard with L PF resin.

The solid content, gel time at 105°C and viscosity of the PF and two LPF preparations are recorded inTable 5. The reaction of lignin-phenol adduct with HCHO was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. FTIRspectrum of lignin showed absorption at 3024, 1376 and 1188 cm-1. PF resin and LPF resin showedabsorption band for OH group at 3395cm-1 and stretching vibrations in a wide absorption band at 1635to 1508cm-1 indicating reaction between phenol-lignin adduct and HCHO.

Table 5 : Properties of LPF resin

Lignin-Phenol ratio Solid content (%) Gel time (min) at 105°C Viscosity (cP)

30:70 42.3 14 151.3

40:60 50.4 15 167.6

0:100 40.4 14 49.5

Particle boards of jute stick prepared with 15% (w/w) LPF resin under pressure at 140°-145°C for 20min were tested for their water absorption and strength properties.(Table 6)

Table 6 : Water absorption and strength properties of Jute stick particle boardmade of LPF and PF resins

Properties LPF Resin (30:70) LPF Resin (40:60) PF Resin

Moisture (%) 8.92 9.05 8.35

Density(g/cc) 0.52 0.42 0.50

Moisture absorption(%) 48.7 42.6 40.5

Thickness swelling (%) 10.8 15.6 11.5

Bulk swelling(%) 12.6 16.4 13.8

Tenacity (cN/tex) 12.19 7.13 NT

Flexure strength (MPa) 9.58 7.08 NT

Flexural Modulus (GPa) 1.52 0.88 NT

NT : Not tested

The water absorption and strength properties of the board made by LPF resin are in acceptable range.


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QEI-4 Standardization of fungal retting by dry fermentation procedure forwater economy

Dr. S. Banik & Mrs. R. Nandi

From several pectinolytic fungi, three fungi were selected viz., Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger and

Sporotrichum thermophile on basis of their fast growth, sporulation and pectinolytic activity. Pectinase,

xylanase and cellulase activity of the fungi were assayed. The selected fungi have shown high pectinase,

moderate xylanase and low cellulase activity. Mass culture of fungi were done on a cheap available locally

source wheat bran. The fungi were grown for a period till good sporulation was obtained. The fungi gave

good and quick sporulation at 32± 1°C. The moisture level was maintained between 75-100 percent. Two

dry fungal retting at laboratory and one fungal retting trial was performed at farmer's field level with jute

whole plant. The retting was complete within 9-10 days when plants age was 120 days. The fibre quality

was reasonably good. More trials will be conducted in next year to confirm the findings. The results

obtained are as follows :

Table 7 : Identification of a few fungi with high pectinolytic activity

Sr. No. of the fungus Source of isolation Identified as IARI I.D. No.*

F-1 Rotten fruit Aspergillus tamarii 8449.11

F-2 Rotten fruit Aspergillus flavus 8450.11

F-6 Enrichment culture Aspergillus niger 8451.11

* The fungi were sent to Plant pathology Division, IARI, New Delhi for identification upto species level.

Table 8 : Retting time and evaluation of the fibre property

Sample Time needed for Tenacity (g/tex) Fineness (tex) Remarkretting (In days)

Control* 15 25.7 2.9 -

F-1** 9 19.7 3.1 Improper washing

F-4 9 18.6 - Improper washing

S-1 9 18.2 - Improper washing

F-1 + S-1 9 19.2 - Improper washing

F-4 + S-1 9 22.9 3.1 Improper washing

* Normal water retting

** F-1 Aspergillus tamarii, F-4 Aspergillus niger, S-1 Sporotrichum thermophile

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Table 9 : Fibre characters and grade of jute fibre obtained through fungal retting

Sample Root Strength Fineness Defects Colour Bulk Score &content (%) (g/tex) (tex) density Grade

Control 10 (15) 25.5 (20) 2.9 (7) (2) (5) (5) 54, TD-593% up

F-1 10 (15) 19.7 (16) 3.1 (7) (2) (3) (3) 46, TD-540% up

F-4 10 (15) 18.6 (16) 3.0 (7) (2) (3) (3) 46, TD-540% up

S-1 10 (15) 16.8 (5) 2.6 (10) (2) (4) (5) 41, TD-5

S-1 + F-1 10 (15) 19.2 (16) 2.6 (10) (2) (3) (3) 49, TD-560% up

S-1 + F-4 10 (15) 22.9 (18) 3.1 (7) (2) (3) (3) 48, TD-553% up

F-1 Aspergillus tamarii, F-4 Aspergillus niger, S-1 Sporotrichum thermophile, S-1 + F-1 Aspergillus tamarii +Sporotrichum thermophile, S-1 + F-4 Aspergillus niger + Sporotrichum thermophile

Table 10 : Yarn characters of jute fibre obtained through fungal retting

Properties Jute yarn Samples

1 2 3 4 5 6

Linear density (tex) 335 384 572 526 272 319

Coefficient of variation (%) 5.24 4.00 4.32 4.85 4.44 5.01

Yarn diameter (mm) 0.76 0.89 1.06 1.01 0.80 0.72


Twist (twist/inch) 3.31 3.66 3.24 3.33 3.08 3.36


Yarn strength (cN/tex) 11.78 9.17 8.02 8.31 10.01 11.06


Extension (%) 1.63 1.55 2.45 2.16 1.28 1.55


Specific work of rupture (mJ/tex.m) 0.90 0.67 0.90 0.78 0.63 0.83

1- Control, 2- Aspergillus tamarii, 3- Aspergillus niger, 4- Sporotrichum thermophile, 5- Aspergillus tamarii +Sporotrichum thermophile, 6- Aspergillus niger + Sporotrichum thermophile


9

Application of fungal cultureon jute plants

Fungal growth on jute plants- dry retting

Fibre separation from plant by action offungal culture

Based on the above studies sample 3 and 4 are in one group and 1,2,5 and 6 are of another group interms of yarn linear density (tex).

Sample 2,3 and 5 have less variation in linear density.

Sample 2 and 5 have more variation in yarn diameter.

Yarn sample 4,5 and 6 has less twist variation.

Sample 3 and 4 has poor strength due to excessive twist in yarn compared to other yarns.

Table 11 : Fungal retting time and evaluation of the fibre property in field trial at Berachampa

Sample Time needed for Tenacity (g/tex) Fineness (tex)retting (In days)

Control* 18 22.0 3.1

F-1 15 18.5 2.6

F-4 15 18.0 2.2

F-1 + S-1 15 21.8 2.7

F-4 + S-1 15 23.3 2.5

Plant age : 150 days* Water rettingF-1 Aspergillus tamarii, F-4 Aspergillus niger, S-1 Sporotrichum thermophile, S-1 + F-1 Aspergillus tamarii +Sporotrichum thermophile, S-1 + F-4 Aspergillus niger + Sporotrichum thermophile

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QEI-6 Development of a PLC based process control system for jute industries

Dr. G. Roy

The main unit of PLC has been installed. One vector drive unit and a special squirrel cage motor has

been installed with the apron draft spinning frame. Necessary programs have been installed to run the

system and it is running perfectly. Calibration part is also completed for the apron draft spinning frame.

QEI-7 Development of a user-friendly jute grading system

Dr. S. C. Saha, Dr. U. Sen & Shri A. Ghosh

To develop a user-friendly jute grading system feed back from farmer's and mill personnel with structured

questionnaire were taken. Aim was to develop a jute grading system by which farmer's can do their own

grading and in the same time bulk consumer will not be deprived. During this reported period informations

were collected from 150 farmer's and 9 mill personnel. 250 jute fibre samples were tested and graded

according to the existing grading system. Moreover, one workshop was organised on this topic on 21.02.2012

at institute's auditorium. From that session it emerged the following resolution :

Try to keep minimum number of grades.

Parameters should be minimum.

Reduction in grades can create substantial price difference among the grades and the farmer's may

be deprived. Precaution should be taken so that reduction in grades will not hamper the farmer's.

Another workshop will be held with mill personnel and Jute Balers Association and jute trading

personnel.

Parameters to be identified and scoring marks have been allotted according to their priority.

QEI-8 Development of technology for extraction and characterization of

useful phytochemicals from jute (Corchorus sp.) and Dhaincha

(Sesbania sp.) seeds

Dr. D. P. Ray, Shri P. Mojumder, Shri. S. B. Mondal & Shri K. Manna

Jute (Corchorus sp.) is normally cultivated for its fiber. But a fair amount of jute seed (8-10%) is wasted

due to loss of its viability. It is also known that jute seed has a very high industrial value. However, the

seed components of jute have not been properly evaluated.


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In the recent years, seed gums have gained importance due to their diverse and increase use in food,paper, pharmaceuticals and textile industries. Every year India earns a good quantity of foreign exchangethrough export of seed gum. Production of such seed gum therefore, considered gaining impetus in majordeveloping countries. Among the seed gums guar gum from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub. has got majorapplicability in the various fields followed by Tamarind gum (Tamarindus indica) and isapgol gum (Plantagosativa) and a few. Therefore, there is utmost need to search for many unexploited plants for seed gum.

Dhaincha is an annual leguminous plant belonging to the sub family Papilionaceae. It is a native to theIndian sub-continent and generally planted and grown for green mamanuring purposes. It is a draughtresistant plant and can grow alkaline -saline to degraded soil. The dhaincha seed pod contain smallcylindrical seeds (length 1/8th inches approx.) and the average yield of the seeds is about 1125 kg perha. The seeds of dhaincha have been reported to be a possible source of commercial gum (30-42%) whichcan be exploited as sizing material in textile industry and as wet adhesive in paper making. But no seriousattempts seems to have been made to develop a suitable method of extraction of dhaincha gum neitherthe physico-chemical studies have been studied in relation to benevolent exploitation in the field of textileand paper industry.

In the present study an attempt has been made to detailed phytochemical investigation for extraction andcharacterization of useful phytochemicals from jute (Corchorus sp.) and Dhaincha (Sesbania sp.) seeds.

Extraction of the dhaincha seed gum and oil

Dhaincha seed was collected and crushed in a mechanical crusher. The crushed seed was sieved with a100 mesh IS Sieve. The crushed seed materials were soaked in water for overnight. The soaked seed(500g) as then heated at controlled temperature ( below 60°C) in 1 litre of water. The gummy substancescomes out of the seed was then portioned against ethanol. The hydrophobic portion was then dried andkept for analysis.

Collection of jute seed and extraction of seed oil

Waste jute seeds were collected from research farms and crushed mechanically and manually. The crushedseeds were extracted by petroleum ether (40°-60°C) solvents to get the oil fractions. Petrolium ether wasthe best solvent for the extraction of the oil fractions. The grinded seed materials which were taken in apaper thimble and extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with pet ether solvent on a heating mantle. Theextraction process was continued till clear extract was coming out of the seeds. The solvent extract wasthen dried in a rotary evaporator to get viscous dark yellow coloured oil. The yield of oil was 10-12%.

The dried oil was taken for different physic-chemical analysis, like Iodine value, saponification value,moisture content, seed index, fax and wax content etc.

Study of different physico-chemical properties of jute seed oil and dhaincha gum

The physical and chemical properties of gum extracted from dhaincha gum has been detailed in thefollowing table. The respective method of analyisis of the individual parameters are also enumerated here.

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Table 12

Physico-Chemical parameters Value Method followed

Moisture content (%) 9.5 Gravimetric method

Ash content (%) 2.85 Platinum crucible method

Oil yield (%) 8.57 Solvent extraction

Acid value 5.82 Cox & Pearson (1962)

Saponification value 170.2 Horowitz method (1975)

Seed index 0.0190

Physico-chemical properties of Jute seed oil

The oil extracted from jute seed were undergone for several tests. The moisture content of the oil was9.5%, ash content of the seed oil was 2.85%. The oil yield was estimated as 12.5%. The other parametersestimated has been presented in the following table.

Table 13

Physico-Chemical parameters Value Method followed

Moisture content (%) 9.5 Gravimetric method

Ash content (%) 2.85 Platinum crucible method

Oil yield (%) 12.5 Solvent extraction

Acid value 5.82 Cox & Pearson (1962)

Saponification value 170.2 Horowitz method (1975)

Seed index 0.0190

Esterification of jute seed oil

The seed oil obtained from jute seed were esterified with methanol and sulphuric acid. For esterificationproportionate amount of seed oil was taken in a glass vial and methanol was added into it. A few dropsof sulphuric acid was added to the tube and kept for the reaction for 6 h. After the incubation period theesterified products were separated and purified using suitable solvents.

Chemical characterization through GC, GC-MS

Thereafter the esterified seed oil was taken for GC-MS analysis. From the GC spectra it was obvious thatmyristic, palmitic and stearic acids were the prevalent fatty acids in the oil fraction. In both jute anddhaincha seed oils, the linoleic acid is contributed.

13


Studies on Batching oil properties of Jute seed oil:

A study was undertaken to find out the suitability of jute seed oil to use as substitute of jute batching

oil. For comparison jute batching oil and rice bran oil were also taken. Oil emulsion was prepared and

sprayed to jute (TD4 grade ) and kept for softening and pilling.The jute was processed in jute mill in

MP Division. Eight and ten, two pounds of yarn were prepared. After that the yarn was tested in Instron.

The yarn linear density cv is highest in case of JSO followed by JBO and RBO. Yarn diameter cv of JSO

is closer to JBO but higher than RBO. JBO treated yarn shows better strength compared to JSO and

RBO. However, extension, specific work of rupture and quality ratio of JSO treated yarn was lower

compared to RBO and JBO. Yarn breakage of JSO was at par with RBO where JBO showed no yarn

breakage .

Property RBO-1* JBO-1 JSO-1

Yarn linear density, 276.21 266.31 269.61Tex (lbs/spy) (8.02) (7.73) (7.83)

Cv% 4.15 4.13 5.44

Yarn Diameter (mm) 2.37 2.35 2.26

Cv% 22.11 26.67 27.73

Breaking load (N) 24.69 25.99 23.04

Cv% 18.74 19.16 15.12

Extension (%) 1.43 1.35 1.29

Cv% 14.93 16.52 13.19

Tenacity (cN/tex) 8.94 9.76 8.55

Sp.Work of rupture (mJ/Tex.m) 0.229 0.235 0.198

Quality ratio (centi-spyndle) 69.00 75.56 66.13

Yarn breakage (No of breaks/spindle/h) 2 Nil 3

The yarn linear density cv is highest in case of JSO followed by JBO and RBO. Yarn diameter cv of JSO

is closer to JBO but higher than RBO. JBO treated yarn shows better strength compared to JSO and

RBO. However, extension, specific work of rupture and quality ratio of JSO treated yarn was lower

compared to RBO and JBO. Yarn breakage of JSO was at par with RBO where JBO showed no yarn

breakage.

Bio assay of jute seed oil

The bioassay of the jute seed oil was carried out against agriculturally important fungi Sclerotium rolfsii.Preliminary studies showed that the oil is very much effective against these fungi. The experiment was

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carried out in the laboratory following poisoned food technique. The oil showed activity on 1500 ppmonwards. These results revealed that the oil can be used as biopesticidal agent for agricultural purpose.

Oil Extracted from Dhaincha seed Oil Extracted from Jute seed

Gum extracted fromDhaincha seed

Antifungal activity of Jute seed oil

QEI-9 To study the effectiveness of fungal retting by Sclerotium sp. atfarmer's field

Dr. M. K. Basak & Shri B. C. Sanpui

Sclerotium rolfsii is a Agonomycetes soil borne fungi identified as potent organism for dry retting. Thefungi can be exploited for retting of jute in water scarcity areas. However, it is known to be pathogenicto many crops. In the jute growing states rice is generally cultivated after harvesting of jute crops. Thedry retting with the fungi may cause harm to the next crop for which a study on the pathogenecity ofthe fungi is very much essential. Keeping this in view an experiment was undertaken in the Institute totest the pathogenecity of Sclerotium rolfsii taking rice seed and plant in a pot culture.

1. The germinated seeds treated with fungal inoculum does not show any symptoms of infestation.(Tr-1)

2. When both the seeds and soils were treated with fungal inoculum, the germinated seeds did not showany symptoms of infestation.

3. When the soil was treated with fungal culture and seedlings were transplanted, the fungal infestationwas evidenced. The number of plants were reduced to one only may be due to fungal infestation.(Tr-2)


15

4. The germinated seeds treated with fungal inoculum does not show any symptoms of infestation(Tr-1)

5. When both the seeds and soils were treated with fungal inoculum, the germinated seeds did notshow any symptoms of infestation.

6. When the soil was treated with fungal culture and seedlings were transplanted, the fungal infestationwas evidenced. The number of plants were reduced to one only may be due to fungal infestation.(Tr-2)

Observation on Flowering :

The rice plant planted in the pot for pathogenecity trial showed 100% survival after 125 days of planting.However, delayed flowering was observed in most of the plants. The flowering was observed in control plantsafter 120 days of planting. The treatment wise flowering has been presented in the following Table-15:

Table 15

Treatments Treatments Flowering at 120 DAP (%)

T1 Seed treated with fungal inoculum 0.0

T2 Soil treated with fungal inoculum 10.0

T3 Foliar treatment of fungal inoculum 5.0

T4 Seed + Soil treated with fungal inoculum 5.0

T5 Seed + Foliar treatment with fungal inoculum 10.0

T6 Soil + Foliar treatment with fungal inoculum 0.0

T7 Soil + Seed + Foliar treatment with fungal inoculum 0.0

T8 Control 50.0

On maturity observations were taken from the rice plants. The treatment wise number of tillering, No.of panicle, plant height, dry plant weight and grain filling per centage has been presented in the followingTable 16:

Table 16

Tr. No. No. of No. of Plant Dry weight Grain Graintillering panicle height (cm) of the formation filling %

plant (g) in seed (No.)

T1 15 11 100 81 18 19.5

T2 15 13 114 89 10 9.2

T3 31 10 105 137 12 12.0

T4 17 4 88 92 10 9.8

T5 24 1 90 101 5 10.0

T6 15 0 104 90 0 0

T7 15 0 92 75 0 0

T8 23 11 115 97 33 50.6

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Observation on maturity:

No. of effective tiller was maximum in the pot No. T-3 followed by T-5 and T-8, which means foliar

treatment of fungal inoculums did not showed any significant effect on the plant growth.

No. of panicle was maximum in case of treatment 2 (T-2). This denoted that soil application of the

inoculums has little effect on panicle formation.

The plant height was maximum on observation 8 (T-8) i.e., in Control, obviously this meant there

is a certain effect of fungi on growth in different observation.

The grain filling was maximum in control pot experiment (50.6%). From this observation it is certain

that there is a certain impact on fungal inoculums on the growth and yield of rice crop.

In conslusion, it may be stated that though the fungi did not show any symptoms to the newly germinated

seeds, despite it is seen that the fungi affect full grown plant. This may be due to fact that the fungi need

growing sheaths to develop their colony which the young plant does not have. Although the fungi did not

show any symptoms to the newly germinated seeds, despite it is seen that the fungi affect full grown plant.

This may be due to fact that the fungi need growing sheaths to develop their colony which the young plant

does not have.

QEI 10 Online moisture measurement system for lignocellulosic fibre

processing system

Dr. G. Roy & Shri P. Singh

Initially we have developed a Digital Moisture meter which can work very accurately but needs an

appreciable amount of time to provide the reading. But in case of on line system, the response time must

be very short for providing on line reading in real time basis. Thus we have developed a new digital

moisture measurement unit using which we can measure the RH, Moisture content and the moisture

Regain value in very user friendly way. This is the basic moisture sensing unit for the on line moisture

measurement unit. It can work in mili-second range to sense and provide the moisture value from jute

fibre. Now this unit will have to be suitably placed to the breaker card output in order to get the on line

moisture value.

Achievements

The earthen embankment of Bramhani river under Rampurhat

II Panchayet Samity, Birbhum, was re-constructed using jute-

coconut fibre-based geotextiles developed by Nirjaft. The soil

of the embankment has been stablished and vegetation has

been established.

Jute/linseed fibre blended yarn, successfully spun in jute

spinning system with different blends composition, showed

satisfactory tenacity, breaking extension, initial modulus &

specific work of rupture. Optical properties of the bleached

and dyed jute/banana blended yarns showed better brightness

values than corresponding all jute yarn.

Three MOU were signed for manufacturing and marketing of

products viz. (a) automatic flyer spinning macine, (b) Automated

drawing machine for jute-coconut fibre processing and (c)

Pre-fabricated grass carpet.

Bending rigidity tester has been developed and semi-rigid

fabric has been tested successfully.

Mechanical ProcessingDivision

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MP-1 Development of natural fibre-based geotextiles and placement system

for protection of river-bank and improvement of soil stabilization

Dr. G. Basu, Dr. A. N. Roy & Shri P. Sanyal

The work was initiated on the request of the Block Development Officer, Rampurhat-II, Block, Dist:

Birbhum, West Bengal to protect a part of river bank of Brahmani from the perennial problem of multiple

flash floods. The distance of the trial site from the nearest motorable road: (from unpaved road, permuted

with villages, agricultural fields and ponds is 4.5 km (approx.). The distance of the unpaved road from a

narrow bituminous road is 15 km, which is 35 km (approx.) from Panagarh - Moregram Highway

(NH- 60).

The proposed area of work is along a part of the river-bank of Brahmani river flowing through Margram

and Babladanga villages at Rampurhat-II block in the Birbhum district, West Bengal. The proposed length

of the embankment/dyke to be treated under this project is about 200 m.

Structural and property parameters of geotextiles have been optimized. The Results are given below:

Detail of jute-PP union cloth, for filtration-cum-separation - cum - reinforcing.

Area density - 330 g/sq.m

Blend composition - 60:40

Mesh - 39 x 44

Weave - plain

Thickness - 1.5 mm

Warp - 200 tex polypropylene slit-film (flat-tape) of 2.5 mm width

Wide width strip strength - 23 kN/100m (in machine direction and 25.5 kN/100 m in cross-machine

direction)

Apparent opening size- 190 micron

Detail of geotextile tube for anchoring of geotextiles and for prevention of toe cutting.

Area density - 250 g/m2

Blend composition - 0:100

Mesh - 39 x 39

Warp & Weft- 200 tex polypropylene slit-film (flat-tape) of 2.5 mm width

Tape contain 2.5% calcium carbonate

Structure - Plain weave circular cloth

Wide width strip strength - 23 kN/100m (both machine and cross-machine direction)


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1. The tube was filled with moist river sand and rested on the geotextiles for anchoring and also forguard wall.

2. The tube takes-up the shape as elliptical cross-section after sand filling.

3. Since, the tube do not have any side seam, chances of bursting of the tube is much less than stitchedone.

4. Average length of the tubes was 40 m

5. It is flexible. So, impact of rolling water on it would be well distributed in multidirectional path.Ultimately, energy of river-side water current is dissipated/absorbed to a great extent.

Calculation showing force imparted by the moist sand-filled geotextile seamless tube.

A = 70 cm and B = 12 cm as measured in actual situation

Volume/linear meter = 3.14* 70* 12*100/4 = 65940 cc

Considering bulk density of moist river sand = 1.5 g/cc

Weight of the 1m x 0.7 m geotextile tube = 98.910 kg

Detail of Coconut fibre -based geonet

For arresting flow of loose cover soil and silt

Area density of geonet - 420 g/sq.m

Linear density of coir rope - 6200 tex

Hand-spun self-twisted yarn of 134 tpm

Linear density of coconut fibre (from Tamilnadu) - 45 tex

Diameter of rope- 4.3 mm

Rope tenacity - 3.61 cN/tex; strain - 19.5%

Loss of tenacity is 15% and recovery of diameter after 45.5 kg boulder dropping (from 5 feet height)test - 70%

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Monitoring

Following information received from press release of Govt of West Bengal, PTI and report from BDO,

Rampurhat-II

Water released from Baidhara barrage @ 18000 cusec for several hours causes devastation for two

days.

On the fist-day on 8th August, the opposite embankment (left bank) was breached inundating

Nalhati-II Block.

On the second occasion, on 9th August, some part of left bank was also breached inundating 5

villages at Rampurhat-II block.

Condition of the Treated Embankment till 29th Aug. 2011

1. No deformation was observed

2. Vegetation started to grow

On the other hand,

In the month of June, flash flood caused washing off of 70m stretch of the embankment 5 km away at the

downstream.

In the month of August, three parts of 33m, 25m and 25m stretch of embankment (within 500 m of the

treated part) at the up stream and another part of 45m stretch (within 1000m of the treated part) have been

washed off.

Condition of river-bank before reconstruction


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Condition of treated embankment on 29th August,2011 after encountering three flood-like situations

Geotechnical data after 15 months covering two monsoon period

pH of soil: 6.2 and 6.3 before and after the treatment respectively.

Silt arrested by coconut fibre based geonet: 61 gm / inch2.

Soil (Silt) arrested by the poly jute geotextiles where coconut fibre geonet not used: 27 gm / inch2.

Soil hardness: 3.6-4 Kg/ cN2 (before treatment 0.8- 1.2 kg/ cN2).

Soil moisture: 46.7% at 10 cm depth.

Slope angle: No change.

Toe erosion: No erosion, while re-deposition of soil observed.

Strength retention of coconut fibre geonet: 20%.

Thickness of hard-cake formation: 7 cm at the middle of the slant as compared to nil at untreatedpart.

Broken embankment (untreated) atdownstream due to release of water

Condition of re-constructed river bank after fourmonths covering one monsoon

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Further work to be done

1. Enveloping Rain water harvesting system of a housing complex at Kolkata in collaborationwith M/s Garden Hut, Kolkata.

Suitable geotextiles have been designed and is under preparation of following property parameters:Targeted strength - 8-10 kN; AOS = 300 -400; Jute content - 80%

2. Construction of unpaved (Morrum) road at Bolpur, Birbhum on the request of Bolpur-Sriniketan Panchayat Samity.

The proposed site is a low volume rural road of 3 m width and 1.25 km long. The traffic volume ofthe road was studied as (i) Tractors - 2.5/h, (ii) Medium tonnage trucks -1.0/h, (iii) Motor bikes -2-3/h and (iv) Bullock carts - 2/h

For this, suitable jute/PP blended geotextiles (Strength, 20 kN, AOS, 195), of around 7000 m2 have beenproduced at the laboratory. Conventional jute spinning system with slip-draft two-legged flyer spinningmachine was used to prepare 100% jute yarns. Castor oil-based fibre conditioning agent has been used inplace of conventional mineral oil. The jute yarn was then used to make composite yarn with PP fibrillatedyarn. In this case, two jute yarns of 360 tex and one PP fibrillated yarn were plied to make 900 tex compositeyarn to use in cross-machine direction.

3. Monitoring all the field trials

MP-2 Enhancing the figuring capacity of developed handloom and study ofits weaving performance for speciality fabric production and productdevelopment therefrom

Dr. A. N. Roy, Dr. G. Basu & Shri K. Mitra

Facilities have been created for designing, and viewing of the fabric on the product to be developed fromthe fabric before hand. A design bank for ornamental fabric design has been formed and 200 designs,which have potentiality for ornamental jute fabrics, has been stored in the design bank. 50 new designsare added during the period. Regular monitoring has been done for the evaluation of weaving performanceof the handloom e.g., ends breakage rates, shuttle flying out of the shed, proper cloth take up with differentpick density, faulty design with long warp float due to improper working of jacquard hooks etc. Successfultrial has been conducted on the developed handloom using double jacquard facility to produce ornamentalfabric with multiple designs using both extra warp and extra weft. Production fabric with different weaveconstruction (e.g. plain, open mesh construction), and ten different ornamental designs and colour effectsuitable for decorative door and window curtains, have been developed. Cost of these fabrics rangesbetween Rs100 to120/running meter of 48 inches width. Jute content in these fabrics ranges between 60%to 80%. Trial has been successfully made for the production of 50 meters of jute based ornamental fabricsin two designs (25 mt. in each design) in weavers' loom shed in Ranaghat region of Dist. - Nadia, (W.B.) Ladies and gents winter jackets have been developed from fabrics with two different designs. Jute


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content in these jackets is approx. 70%. A popular article entitled “Development of Handloom for WeavingJute Fabric in Decentralised Sector” has been published.

MP-3 Processing of natural fibres like banana and linseed in jute spinningsystem and development of value added products

Dr. A. N. Roy, Dr. G. Basu & Dr. N. C. Pan

Evaluation of gravimetric fineness and bundle strength of the linseed fibre has been conducted successfully.

Spinning trial has also been undertaken to spin jute/linseed fibre blended yarn from different blends

(jute:linseed = 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75) in the count range of 6lb to 10 lb. The tensile properties of the

jute/linseed fibre blended yarns were tested in Instron tensile testing machine. The yarns showed satisfactory

tenacity (8-12 cN/tex) and breaking extension (1.8-2.6%). Optical properties of the bleached and dyed

jute/banana blended yarns of different shades have been measured successfully with computerized colour

matching system and compared with jute yarn. Jute/banana blended yarn showed better brightness values

than corresponding all jute yarn. Bulk quantity (approx 6 kg.) of Jute/banana blended yarn has been spun

in linier density of 10lb and 12lb from each of jute/banana fibre blend of 25/75 and 50/50 for weaving

trial. Jute:banana, 75:25 fibre blended yarn of 6lb and 50:50 blended yarn of 6lb & 8lb was bleached with

hydrogen peroxide and successfully dyed with reactive dye in three different shade depth. Jute/linseed fibre

blended (75/25, 50/50/ and 25/75) yarn of 10 lb was also bleached with hydrogen peroxide and successfully

dyed with reactive dye. Sample fabric has been woven with two different ornamental designs using cotton

yarn in warp and jute:banana (75:25) fibre blended and dyed 6lb yarn in weft direction. Total banana

fibre in the fabric is approximately 20%. The shrinkage property of the fabrics has been tested under room

temp. (32°C), at 60°C and at boil for 20 minutes. Maximum shrinkage was observed was 1.72%, which

is well within permissible limit.

Ladies and gents jacket developed from jute basedornamental fabrics

Double jacquard arrangement for developedhandloom

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Table 17 - Tensile properties of jute/banana fibre bleached and dyed yarn

Type of yarn Tenacity, Breaking Extension, Work of rupture,cN/tex % mJ/tex-m

Jute/banana - 50/50 8.18 1.73 0.72Control

Jute/banana - 50/50 8.01 1.84 0.69Bleached

Jute/banana - 50/50Dyed 7.98 1.79 0.67

Table 18 - Tensile properties of Jute/Linseed fibre blended yarns

Yarn details Grist, lb Tenacity Extn at Break Sp Work of InitialActual(nominal) cN/tex % rupture modulus

mJ/tex-mt cN/tex

Jute/linseed 4.81 (5) 8.17 1.67 0.59 531.33

blend, 7.5 (7) 8.27 1.69 0.64 528.29

75/25 9.14 (9) 9.58 1.86 0.79 498.34

10.10 (10) 11.99 1.62 0.97 600.22

Jute/linseed 5.12 (5) 7.96 1.69 0.68 460.20

blend 50/50 7.04 (7) 7.78 1.72 0.67 420.56

8.89 (9) 7.69 1.68 0.64 411.29

Jute/linseed 5.4 (5) 7.69 1.70 0.58 442.37

blend 25/75 7.21 (7) 7.65 1.72 0.59 488.12

9.1 (9) 7.43 1.63 0.61 493.22

Jute/banana 75/25 blended yarn dyed withreactive dye

Ornamental fabric woven out of jute/bananablended yarn


25

MP-4 Development of jute-based winter garmentsDr. S. Debnath, Dr. S. Sengupta, Dr. L. Ammayappan & Shri P. Singh

The effect of thermal insulation, thickness and shrinkage of jute-based developed garments on repeatedthree washing has been studied. After the washing treatments no significant change in dimensional propertyhas been observed in the jackets made out of jute-polyester cotton blended union fabrics and similarly,thermal insulation values remains unchanged. This same jacket fabric has also been used for developmentof one blazer. After one dry wash (dry cleaning) no change in thermal insulation has been observed. Basedon these observation, it can be concluded that the fabric can be used for preparation of other warm garmentslike shawl, cap, blazer etc.

To study the effect of finishing treatment on jute-based fabric for warm garment, jute and hollow polyesterfibre (70:30) blend was spun in jute spinning system with linear density of 122 Tex and 6 TPI in 'Z' directionhave been used at jute apron draft spinning machine. A handloom fabric was woven where developed jute-polyester blended yarn in weft direction and commercial 100sNe (5.9 tex) cotton yarn in warp direction.The fabric was used without any pretreatment for finishing treatments. Leomin HBN (Cationic softener),Ceraperm 3P plus (macro polysiloxane emulsion), Ceraperm MW (cationic micro polysiloxane emulsion),Ceraperm TOWI (nano polysiloxane emulsion), Ceraperm UP (nonionic macro polysiloxane emulsion), CerapermOEW (non-ionic softener), Ceraperm UP (macro polysiloxane emulsion), Sandoclean PCJ (Nonionic detergent)were supplied by M/s Clariant Chemicals (India) Ltd., Tirupur, Tamilnadu. All other chemicals usedelsewhere were AR grade.

For each finishing formulation, Sandoclean-PCJ - 0.25gpl (non-ionic detergent solution) was added andthe pH was adjusted to 5.0±0.2 by adding 0.5% acetic acid. The fabric of 35cm x 35cm dimension wastaken and impregnated in the finishing solution for 5 minutes at 25°C and padded with 80±5% expressionunder 1.5 kg/cm2 using a laboratory padder (RB Engineering Ltd., Gujarat, India). After padding, the fabricwas dried and cured in high temperature steamer (RB Engineering Ltd., Gujarat, India) as per conditionsmentioned in the above Table 19. After curing it was conditioned in ambient condition.

Jackets developed from fabrics with jute/ banana fibre blended yarn

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

26

Table 19: Finishing formulations for the fabric

S.No Recipe Conditions

1 Leomin HBN = 80 gpl Pad —> dry(100°C/5minutes)

2 Leomin HBN = 40 gpl Pad —> dry—>cureCeraperm UP = 20 gpl (130°C/5minutes)Ceraperm MW = 20 gpl

3 Leomin HBN = 40 gplCeraperm UP = 20 gplCeraperm TOWI = 20 gpl

4 Ceraperm 3P plus = 40 gplCeraperm OEW = 40 gpl

5 Ceraperm TOWI = 80 gpl

6 Ceraper.m TOWI = 40 gplCeraperm MW = 40 gpl

7 Ceraperm TOWI = 40 gplCeraperm UP = 40 gpl

8 Ceraperm TOWI = 40 gplLeomin HBN = 40 gpl

The performance properties of finished and unfinished samples such as finish add-on, bending length,flexural rigidity, dry crease recovery angle, air permeability and thermal insulation values were evaluatedas per standard procedure. For surface study, control and finished jute fibre samples were magnified inJEOL scanning electron microscope of Model JSM 6360.

The finish add-on is higher in nano polysiloxane based finishing (>2.73%) than other non-nano polysiloxanebased finishing (<2.8%). Since pretreatment was not done for this fabric, the amount of cationic softeneradded on the fabric is less than 2.3%.

The dry crease recovery angle (DCRA) of finished and unfinished jute blended fabric in both directionsshows that the improvement is significantly witnessed only when they have been finished with resin finishingi.e. chemical that masked free hydroxyl groups of jute and cotton fibres. Micro polysiloxane emulsionbased finishing could only improve the crease recovery of this fabric both in warp (10%) and weft(4%-7%) direction. The DCRA of both finished and unfinished fabric in warp direction is higher thanweft direction due to presence of jute in weft yarn.

The bending length of finished and unfinished jute blended fabric in both directions is given inferred that,the bending length of control fabric is higher in weft direction than warp direction due to variation in

linear density between warp and weft yarn as well as stiffness of jute fibre in weft direction. Except finishingformulation 1 & 2, other finishing formulations had shown reduction in bending length when comparedto control fabric both in warp and weft directions. In warp direction, macro polysiloxane emulsion basedfinishing is shown more reduction in bending length (10%) than nano polysiloxane based finishing (5%),while in weft direction, nano-polysiloxane based finishing is shown more reduction (9-14%) than otherfinishing (0-8%).

The study on surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of control, nano polysiloxanefinished, Nano+Micro polysiloxane finished and Nano+Macro polysiloxane finished are given in 1A, 1B,1C and 1D respectively.

From the SEM pictures, it is inferred that untreated jute have irregular grooves on the surface of the fibre,and after finishing each finishing forms a polymer film on the surface of the fibre. The coating and coverageof grooves is better in nano polysiloxane finished fibre than other combinations. Since the add-on is higherin nano polysiloxane finishing, the coverage is more than others.

The air permeability and thermal insulation value of the chemically treated and untreated fabric sampleswere evaluated by using Shirley Air Permeability tester and TIV tester using standard procedure. Nosignificant difference in air permeability as well as thermal insulation values have been observed betweentreated and untreated finishing treatment fabrics.

MP-5 Modification of jute spinning machinery

Dr. S. Debnath

In the existing apron draft spinning machine, fine yarn less than 138 tex (4 lbs) is not possible becausethe twist required for this yarn is higher than 6 twist/inch. Where in the existing machine, the highest twist

27

SEM photograph of different finished jute fibre


A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

28

possible is 6 twist/inch. Using CAD (computer-aided design) a compound gear has been identified asresponsible gear to increase the twist. Based on this design a compound gear of 132T/24T of 8 DP(diametric pitch) instead of 120T/24T of 8 DP compound gear has been designed, fabricated and fittedin the existing machine.

Proposed gap between gear cover and new gear of 132 T 8 DP is 19.05 mm.

Additional gap made in the gear cover = 19.05-15 = 4.05 mm.

With this modified compound gear during the trial running the machine it generates excessive noise dueto unwanted vibration. Due to this the spindle speed cannot be increase beyond 950 rpm. After investigation,it has been found that the gear is eccentric and has defects on the teeth profile.

To overcome this problem, further a newgear has been designed and fabricated having135T/24T of 8 DP considering the availablegap already made in the gear cover. Withthis new gear the present twist constant ofthe machine is 229.5, which was earlier 204.The sets of new twist change pinion andoutput twist are shown below:

Modified gear with modified pinion

per inch

Present Previous

Twist CP Twist per inch Twist CP Twist per inch

28 8.20 - -

29 7.91 - -

30 7.65 - -

31 7.40 - -

32 7.17 - -

33 6.95 - -

34 6.75 34 6

35 6.56 35 5.82

36 6.38 36 5.66

37 6.20 37 5.15

38 6.04 38 5.36


29

Thus with the new compound gear, the additional high twist range (6 twist/inch to 8.20 twist/inch) can

be achieved with minimum changes. With these modifications, now fine yarn can be spun in the modified

apron draft spinning machine. Spinning trial run with fine yarn of 3 lbs (103 tex) jute and 2.8 lbs (96

tex) jute-polyester blended yarns (where raw jute is taken as TD-4) have been spun successfully in the

existing jute apron draft spinning machine with modified compound gear of 135/24 8 DP. No excessive

vibration and noise has been noticed at high spindle speed up to 3400 rpm. Yarn end breakage have been

measured during the processing and found that average 4-5 yarn breaks/spindle /hour. The yarn tenacity

of these fine yarns is 7.2 and 7.8 cN/Tex for jute-polyester (96 tex) and all jute (103 tex) fine yarns

respectively.

A creel has been designed and fabricated for spinning of spun wrapped yarn in this modified apron draft

jute spinning machine. This creel has facility to hold 20 yarn bobbins of different shapes (cone, cheese,

etc.), having suitable yarn tension devices (ceramic disc type) and adjustable yarn withdrawal mechanism

(nose / side) depending upon the bobbin. These devices has been fabricated and mounted on the creel.

Fine adjustments of the creel components have to be made based on the trial run made which will be

made soon. The design of individual stop motion device has been initiated.

MP-6 Development of composite yarns for technical textiles from natural

fibres based on friction spinning technology

Dr. S. K. Dey & Dr. S. K. Chattopadhyay (CIRCOT)

Various core yarns of different linear densities from jute, ramie and pineapple were spun on Apron draft

spinning using long fibre processing system. Ramie: jute(50:50)and Jute :polypropylene (50:50) blended

yarns were also produced in the same way. The physical and tensile properties like fibre fineness and

bundle strength of ramie, pineapple and jute were evaluated. A bulk scale trial was conducted to generate

core yarn from jute of linear density of 276 tex in sufficient quantity (25kgs). Degummed ramie fibre was

R67-34 variety with 1.35 tex fineness and bundle strength of 13.2 g/tex whereas jute of W-3 grade was

1.50 tex fineness and bundle strength of 21.9 g/tex. The processing sequence followed was Softener-

Breaker Card-Finisher Card-1st Screw Gill drawing-2nd Screw Gill Drawing-3rd Screw Gill Drawing-

Apron draft spinning frame. Jute fibre after the usual softening treatment was processed in breaker card

and finisher card but ramie was stapled to 20 cm length by a staple cutter and softened with oil emulsion

followed by processing on Flax finisher card as breaker card and finally in flax finisher card. Binary blending

of finisher card sliver from jute and ramie was done in 50:50 blend proportions at the first drawing stage.

The fibre properties of the cotton sample used in this study was Bunny with 2.5% span length -31.2 mm,

Uniformity ratio - 48.5%, Micronaire value - 3.8 and bundle strength(3.2mm)of 22.8 g/tex. The fibre

fineness of Pineapple leaf fibre received from KVIC, Maharastra was 2.74 tex and bundle strength of 23.8

g/tex. The process as adopted in case of ramie was followed for processing of pineapple leaf fibre for

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

30

spinning of yarn on the jute spinning system. Single PALF yarn of 257 tex linear density was plied on a

ring twisting frame to produce 3 plied yarn.

Table 21 : Physical Properties of DREF 3000 Spun Composite Yarns( Core: Jute, Ramie, Ramie jute blended yarns and Sheath: Cotton)

Sr Yarn Type Jute Jute Ramie Ramie Ramie: Ramie-JuteNo Properties Yarn Core Yarn Core Jute Blended

(100%) Cotton (100%) Cotton (50:50) CoreSheath Sheath blend Cotton

Sheath

1 Actual Linear density (Tex) 190 299 150 347 203 365

2 Yarn Diameter (mm) 0.66 1.28 0.51 1.22 0.74 1.33(19.0) (12.9) (16.9) (12.4) (19.0) (12.1)

3 Bulk density(g/cc) 0.85 0.23 0.73 0.29 0.47 0.26

4 Packing fraction 0.68 0.17 0.47 0.19 0.34 0.16

5 Specific Volume(cc/g) 1.80 4.30 1.36 3.36 2.11 3.80

6 Increase in Sp. Volume (%) - 139 - 148 - 79.7

7 Increase in Diameter(%) - 94 - 139 - 80.0

8 Sheath material(%) - 36.5 - 56.8 - 44.4

Composite yarn samples were spun on a DREF 3000 Friction Spinning Machine installed at CIRCOT,

Mumbai. DREF 3000 is a core-sheath type mechanical -aerodynamic spinning process in which the

spinning is effected by the rotation of two perforated spinning drums in the same direction, aided by air-

suction in the yarn formation zone. Jute and other continuous yarns were fed to the rotating drums axially

as core along with a small portion of cotton fibres drafted from a sliver and aligned along the yarn axis.

The core yarn was false twisted by the torque generated due to the rotation of the spinning drums. For

the sheath fibres, cotton slivers were fed to a rotating carding drum, fibre were separated and deposited

on the false twisted core surface and wrapped helically over the core. The sheath content in yarn was

varied so as to fully envelope the core in each case of spinning. The spinning parameters used on DREF

3000 machine was as follows: Spinning drum speed-2500 rpm; Carding drum speed - 5000 rpm; inlet

speed-1.35 m/min; main suction fan speed-2600 rpm and delivery speed-150 m/min. The spinning drum

speed of 2500 m/min and delivery speed of 150 m/min were needed to get quality of yarn as determined

visually. Six different DREF 3000 samples were developed. Physical and mechanical properties of control

and friction spun yarns have been studied.


31

Table 22 : Mechanical Properties of DREF 3000 Spun Composite Yarns( Core: Jute, Ramie, Ramie jute blended yarns and Sheath: Cotton)

Sr Yarn Type Jute Jute Ramie Ramie Ramie: Ramie-JuteNo Properties Yarn Core Yarn Core Jute Blended

(100%) Cotton (100%) Cotton (50:50) CoreSheath Sheath blend Cotton

Sheath


2 Br. load(N) 19.9 16.5 19.3 24.0 12.9 27.4

(25.8) (18.6) (20.6) (18.8) (18.4) (19.4)

3 Br. tenacity 10.5 5.53 12.9 6.91 11.2 7.50

(cN/tex) (25.8) (18.6) (20.6) (18.8) (18.4) (19.4)

4 Br.elongation(%) 1.40 1.57 2.33 2.06 1.96 2.35

(18.9) (14.1) (13.9) (14.1) (13.9) (13.8)

5 Energy at break(mJ) 76.1 69.7 54.05 141.7 126.22 169.3

(43.7) (29.1) (51.8) (28.2) (29.5) (28.7)

6 Sp. Work of rupture(mJ/tex-m) 0.67 0.39 0.60 0.68 1.04 0.77

(43.7) (29.1) (51.8) (28.2) (29.5) (28.7)

*Figures in the parenthesis indicate CV percent

Table 23 : Physical Properties of DREF 3000 Spun Composite Yarns

Sr Yarn Type PALF PALF 3 ply 3 ply Jute : PP June : PPNo Properties Yarn Core PALF PALF Core Blended Blended

(100%) Cotton Yarn Cotton Yarn CoreSheath Sheath (50:50) Polyester

Sheath


2 Yarn Diameter (mm) 0.83 1.43 1.47 1.78 0.82 1.59

(29.0) (14.3) (15.4) (8.95) (20.4) (14.0)

3 Bulk density(g/cc) 0.47 0.24 0.48 0.38 0.47 0.29

4 Packing fraction 0.32 0.16 0.32 0.26 0.45 0.21

5 Specific Volume(cc/g) 2.10 4.06 2.08 2.59 2.10 3.41

6 Increase in Sp. Volume (%) - 93.1 - 24.9 - 62.4

7 Increase in Diameter(%) - 72.3 - 21.1 - 93.9

8 Sheath material(%) - 35.0 - 14.8 - 56.8

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

32

Table 24 : Mechanical Properties of DREF 3000 Spun Composite Yarns

Sr Yarn Type PALF PALF 3 ply 3 ply Jute : PP June : PP

No Properties Yarn Core PALF PALF Core Blended Blended

(100%) Cotton Yarn Cotton Yarn Core

Sheath Sheath (50:50) Polyester

Sheath


2 Br. load (N) 45.5 43.7 147.6 147.2 15.4 32.8

(11.6) (11.8) (11.7) (7.13) (28.3) (14.5)

3 Br. tenacity 17.7 11.1 18.1 15.4 6.12 5.65

(cN/tex) (11.6) (11.8) (11.7) (7.13) (28.3) (14.5)

4 Br.elongation(%) 2.48 2.47 3.26 3.82 1.25 2.14

(29.5) (6.99) (9.14) (19.1) (26.4) (11.4)

5 Energy at break(mJ) 174.2 277.7 1104.0 1597.0 59.4 175.8

(16.6) (16.3) (18.1) (39.2) (39.8) (22.9)

6 Sp.work of ruptutre 1.13 1.17 2.26 2.78 0.39 0.50

(mJ/tex-m) (16.6) (16.3) (18.1) (39.2) (39.8) (22.9)

Composite yarn samples were spun on a DREF 3000 Friction Spinning Machine installed at CIRCOT,

Mumbai. DREF 3000 is a core-sheath type mechanical -aerodynamic spinning process in which the

spinning is effected by the rotation of two perforated spinning drums in the same direction, aided by air-

suction in the yarn formation zone. Jute and other continuous yarns were fed to the rotating drums axially

as core along with a small portion of cotton fibres drafted from a sliver and aligned along the yarn axis.

The core yarn was false twisted by the torque generated due to the rotation of the spinning drums. For

the sheath fibres, cotton slivers were fed to a rotating carding drum, fibre were separated and deposited

on the false twisted core surface and wrapped helically over the core. The sheath content in yarn was

varied so as to fully envelope the core in each case of spinning. The spinning parameters used on DREF

3000 machine was as follows: Spinning drum speed-2500 rpm; Carding drum speed - 5000 rpm; inlet

speed-1.35 m/min; main suction fan speed-2600 rpm and delivery speed-150 m/min. The spinning drum

speed of 2500 m/min and delivery speed of 150 m/min were needed to get quality of yarn as determined

visually. Six different DREF 3000 samples were developed. Physical and mechanical properties of control

and friction spun yarns have been studied.


33

Table 25 : Properties of Fabrics developed from Composite yarn

Fabric type Blanket(Unraised) Furnishing Duck fabric

Properties (Jute-PP core (Jute-Ramie blended (3 ply PALF yarn

and Polyester core and cotton core and cotton

Composite Yarn sheath sheath

composite Yarn) composite yarn)

1 Linear density of warp(Tex) 581 2/17S 957

2 Linear density of weft(tex) 581 365 957

3 EPI(EPcm) 13 26 7(5) (10) (3)

4 PPI(PPcm) 10 14 11(4) (6) (5)

5 Area density(gm/m2) 644 248 744

6 Thermal Insulation value(TIV)-tog 0.56 - -

Note: TIV(tog) for similar(i) jute and hollow polyester blended blanket-0.58 (ii)all wool blanket-0.59 and(iii)all acrylic blanket-1.26.

Further, the composite yarns were converted into fabric on a sample loom. Unraised blanket fabric wasproduced from composite yarn of jute-pp (50:50) blended core and polyester as sheath. The yarn wasused in both warp and weft direction. The blanket so produced was found to have Thermal insulationvalue (TIV) more or less same as that of commercial raised woolen and jute-hollow polyester fibre blendedblanket. The furnishing fabric was developed 2/17s as warp and composite yarn from jute-ramie blendedcore and cotton as sheath..The handle and appeal of the developed fabric were found satisfactory andcould be easily dyed in different shades. Besides, both block and screen printed furnishing fabric weredeveloped from such composite yarn. A suitable duck fabric could be produced from composite yarnmade from 3 ply PALF yarn as core and cotton as sheath. Such composite yarn was about 25% morebulky than the control 3Ply PALF yarn resulting in lighter fabric with better cover.

MP-7 Study on bending, frictional and electrical behaviour of jute materials

Dr. S. Sengupta, Dr. S. Debnath & Shri S Das

A. Study of bending behaviour

Electro-mechanical rigidity tester has been developed.

Measures have been taken to reduce the noise and vibration of the mechanical system ofrigidity tester.

Gearing has been modified to get the required speed of testing.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

34

Principle of test adopted: the load required to bend the fabric of specified dimension inspecified deflection. Higher the load, higher will be rigidity.

The same sample has been tested fifteen times and it was found that difference betweenminimum and maximum value is insignificant at 1% confidence level.

150 g/m2 jute blended woven fabric, 120 g/m2 hand knitted fabric, 250, 500, 850 g/m2 juteneedle punched nonwoven have been prepared as samples. 630 g/m2 Dense jute hessian, 150g/m2 Laminated jute fabric, 700 g/m2 Canvas cloth have been procured from market.

The testing process including size of sample, mounting of sample, speed of test have beenoptimized.

Nonwovens, Hessian, Canvas, Knitted, Woven and coated fabric has been tested in the developedtester.

A graphical user interface (GUI) has been designed for data acquisition and reporting.

B. Study of frictional behaviour

Literature survey has been done.

The principle of testing friction has been finalized.

The design of the tester has been done.

50% work of fabrication has been completed.

Rigidity tester

Friction tester under development

Chemical & Bio-ChemicalProcessing Division

Achievements

Comparative study of different pulping methods on jute sticks,

jute fibre and whole jute plant have shown that modified soda-

Aq (ASAM) process is not only user friendly but also environment

friendly as no obnoxious gas is liberated during pulping. Similarly

effluent released can be used for isolating high-dry

lignosulphonates, which has a number of industrial applications.

A process to develop commercial grade fibre-board for substituting

plywood/ wood out of jute plant, jute stick and jute ribbon with

adhesive resin has been developed.

The study of dyeing of jute fabric using natural dyes with improved

fastness properties revealed that (i) premordanting method,

compared to post mordanting and meta mordanting, is the best

for dyeing of bleached jute fabric with natural dye extracted from

manjistha, (ii) post mordanting with chemical mordants results

in higher colour yield and fastness properties.

The study on 'Application of biotechnology in the colouration of

jute fabric' revealed that sequential treatment like biotreatment-

bleaching-reactive dyeing of jute fabric shows higher dye uptake

than that produced by alkali treatment-bleaching-reactive dyeing

of jute fabric.

36

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

CBP-1 A comparative study of different pulping methods on jute and alliedfibres for making value added handmade paper

Dr. A. K. Roy & Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyay

To find the best pulping method for the three lignocellulosic raw materials obtained from jute cultivation

(jute stick, jute fibre and whole jute plant), four different pulping methods viz., kraft process, alkaline sulphite

process, modified alkaline sulphite Aq process (ASAM) and alkaline process were tried on the raw materials.

It was observed that in case of jute stick modified alkaline sulphite process (ASAM) gave the best pulp yield

and highest strength characteristics. (Table -26).

In case of jute fibre comparative pulping study by the three pulping methods i.e., kraft process, alkaline

sulphite process and modified alkaline sulphite process (ASAM) showed that the modified alkaline

sulphite process (ASAM) gives better yield and strength compared to the kraft process. When the

temperature of pulping was reduced to 120°C. there was an increase in yield and strength property and

the modified alkaline sulphite process (ASAM) was found to be the best among the three processes. When

the temperature was further reduced to 115°C in case of the modified alkaline sulphite process (ASAM),

there was an increase in yield and strength properties and a high increase in burst index. This shows that

jute fibre pulp will be a highly sought after raw material for unbleached liner paper used in corrugated

fibre board. (Table -27).

In case of jute whole plant modified alkaline sulphite process (ASAM) again showed better yield and

strength characteristics compared to the kraft process, whereas the enzyme treated jute whole plant

showed a general loss of strength properties. (Table -28).

Table 26 : Jute Stick

Sl Sample Yield Freeness G.S.M. Folding Tensile Burst TearNo. ( %) °SR index index index

Nm/g KPam2/g mNm2/g

1. Alk Sulphide 48.7 40 62 10 61.17 2.43 3.23160°C, 3 hr

2. Alk Sulphite 48.95 45 61 4 62.18 2.44 3.28160°C, 3 hr

3. (ASAM) 50.32 40 58 5 84.56 3.74 3.76MeOH + AQ160°C, 3 hr

4. NaOH, 17 % 47.8 45 61 3 58.96 2.44 3.27160°C,3 Hrs

37


Table 27 : Pulping Jute Fibre

Pulping Jute Fibre Pulp

Sl. Pulp Yield % Fold Tensile Burst TearNo. (after No. Index Index Index

digestion) Nm/g KPa.m2/g mN.m2/g

Unbleached jute Fibre Pulp

Alkaline Sulphite pulp, 160° 69 15 47.46 3.0 12.90

Kraft pulp, 160° 59 5 46.10 1.90 11.90

ASAM MeOH-AQ, 160° 62 25 61.17 2.75 13.55

Bleached jute Fibre Pulp

Alkaline Sulphite pulp 63.6 71 46.86 2.76 14.0

Bleached, 160°

Kraft pulp Bleached, 160° 59.73 33 40.24 2.50 12.0

ASAM MeOH-AQ 63.0 43 41.42 2.66 14.0Bleached, 160°

Unbleached jute Fibre Pulp at 120°

Alkaline Sulphite pulp 120° 73.3 150 63.10 3.87 12.63

Kraft pulp 120° 80.00 138 50.13 2.92 13.33

ASAM MeOH-AQ-15% 80.23 350 80.65 5.3 13.671:10,120°

Unbleached jute Fibre Pulp at 115°

ASAM MeOH-AQ-20% 82 1154 75.94 5.47 8.061:24,115°

ASAM MeOH-AQ-20% 81 661 73.69 5.59 9.521:15,115°

ASAM MeOH-AQ-20% 80 1041 83.98 6.57 7.281:10,115°

38

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Table 28 : Whole Jute Plant

Alk- Enzyme ASAM** Enzyme Kraft Kraft Alkal EnzymeSulphite treated 160°WJP treated 160° WJP 160° WJP 160° WJP treated160° WJP Alk- ASAM** Enzyme Alkal.

Sulphite 160° WJP treated 160° WJP160° WJP

TensileIndexNm/g 76.29 53.32 70.93 53.79 69.75 55.33 68.61 31.09

TearIndex mNm2/g 4.0 4.92 4.75 5.16 3.33 4.62 3.94 4.91

BurstIndexKPa.m2/g 3.35 2.29 3.02 2.59 2.41 2.87 2.99 1.16

Fold no. 4 9 5 14 6 25 6 10

Yield % 66.85 68.22 67.1 66.0

CBP-2Development of fibre-board from jute plant

Dr. P. K. Ganguly, Dr. A. K. Roy, Dr. L. Ammayappan, Dr. D. P. Ray & Shri P. Mojumdar

Jute whole plant was subjected to physic-chemical analysis to determine its physical and chemical constitution.

100 kg of green jute plant yields about 25 - 27 kg of dry jute plant. Dry jute plant contains about 27% offibre containing ribbon, 61.5% of inner core (stick) and about 11.5% of moisture. Approximate chemicalcomposition of defoliated dry whole jute plant is as follows:

Dry jute whole plant

Cellulose Lignin Hemicellulose(44% - 46 % (19% - 21%) (32% - 34%)

The first size reduction of jute plant (2-3 meter long) was done using a chipping machine to piecesof length 25 - 30 mm.

39


The chips (either green / dried or wetted) were further reduced in size for preparing fibreboards ina disc refiner, where the gap between the two discs was varied to produce fibres of different dimensions.

Two distinct types of material were generated by disc refining of whole plant chip. One, with highlength: breadth (l/b) ratio, from the ribbon part of the plant and the other with low l/b ratio, fromthe stick part of the plant. About 7%-10% of 'fines' were generated during disc refining and theiryield was about 95%.

Table 29 : Average dimension of fibrous materials generated from ribbon and stickportions of jute plant at different gaps between discs of the refiner on

processing dry plant chips (15% moisture content)

Ribbon generated a Stick generated b

Gaps (mm) 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00

Length (mm) (L) 12.16 14.05 14.02 15.85 6.22 7.45 8.25 9.80

Breadth (mm) (B) 0.45 0.55 0.73 0.86 0.89 0.94 1.21 1.19

Length/Breadth (L/B) 27.02 25.55 19.20 18.43 6.90 7.89 6.82 8.38

Notes: (a) 24% - 27% of the material produced(b) 48% - 50% of the material produced(c) 9% - 10% Fines (dust)(d) 14% - 15% (approx.) moisture

Processing green jute plant improved the profile of the material (fibres) produced and reduced thedust generation to 6%-7%. Therefore, it is preferable to process green plant for the fibre generationwhere it is possible.

When dry jute plant ribbons (15% moisture content) cutted into 25-30 mm piece in the discrefining, the process resulted in fibres of l/b ratio between 20-30 with a disc separation of 1.00 mm.However, a lower disc gap caused intermittent jamming of the machine. Fibre yield was about 95%and the rest was dark coloured dusts.

Fibre- board based on jute whole plant

40

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Jute stick chips with 15% moisture content and 15 - 20 mm in length, when subjected to similardisc refining treatments by keeping the disc separations of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm, they producedmaterials with l/b ratio between 6 and 8. And this is far lower than the l/b ratio required for makingfibre board of acceptable quality.

Thus jute stick alone is not suitable for generating fibres but suitable for making fibreboards.

Jute ribbon produced the good quality fibres for board making; however, the production of the

fibreboard from ribbon may not have the techno-economic feasibility.

Wet process for the generation of fibres from whole plant chips involved soaking the chips in water

for 12 hour and beating the wet chips in a valley beater for two hours in an aqueous medium.

The fibre generated by the wet process was more homogenous than disc refiner process and had

an average l/b ratio of about 12 - 15 (l = 8 - 10 mm; b = 0.5 - 0.7 mm), however, drying of the

fibres requires both time and energy making the process costly.

Fibre boards were prepared by blending the dried fibres with catalysed resin dispersion ( UF or

PF), drying of the blended fibres at room temperature, forming mats on steel plates using required

amount of blended fibres followed by hot pressing at required temperature for a specified period

of time.

Table 30 : Effect of Furnish (Blended Fibres) Moisture Content on Properties of

Fibreboard (Board Thickness : 10 mm; Board Density: 0.66 g/cc, Resin: UF

(Liquid : 42% solid content); Resin Application: 15%; Curing: 140°C)

Sample No. Moisture Content Flex Strength Flex Modulus Press time

in Furnish (%) (MPa) (GPa) Required (min)

1. 8 16.63 2.13 10

2. 12 15.21 1.93 12

3. 15 14.76 1.84 15

4. 20 12.31 1.57 25

5. 25 10.07 1.21 30

It is apparent that lower moisture content in the blended fibres is desirable for obtaining higher strength

of the board. Lower moisture content of the furnish also reduces the press time required for preparation

of the board which implies lower energy consumption and higher productivity. High moisture content in

the furnish lowers the quality of the board as well as higher the energy consumption. Sometimes it also

results in a defective board due to de-lamination of the board.

41


Table 31 : Effect of Resin Viscosity on Flexural Properties of Fibreboard (BoardThickness; 10 mm; Density: 0.66 g/cc2, Resin: UF; Curing: 140°C, 15 min)

Sample No. Resin Viscosity Flexural Strength Flexural Modulus Energy to Break(cP) (MPa) (GPa) (J)

1. 200 12.76 1.39 0.98

2. 250 14.12 1.79 1.03

3. 300 14.76 1.84 1.03

4. 400 11.78 1.36 0.93

5. 500 11.31 1.31 0.93

cP - Centi Poise; MPa-Mega Pascal; GPa-Giga Pascal; J-Jouls

Resin viscosity determines the spreading efficiency of the adhesive on fibres. High viscosity resin causes ballformation at the time of blending. From the results given in the Table-31, it is apparent that the resin viscosityof 250 - 300(cP) is suitable for making fibre board.

Table 32 : Effect of Board Density on Flexural Properties of Fibreboard(Resin content: 15% UF (300 CP); Moisture Content of Furnish: 15%); Press Time: 15 min)

Sample No. Board density Flex Strength Flex Modulus Energy to Internal band(g/cc) (MPa) (GPa) break (J) strength (MPa)

1. 0.60 11.65 1.57 0.88 0.53

2. 0.66 14.76 1.84 0.91 0.67

3. 0.70 25.52 2.60 1.20 0.77

4. 0.74 28.26 2.89 1.38 0.92

5. 0.78 29.12 2.97 1.42 0.95

BIS specification for fibreboards (IS 12406) stipulates that the FS, FM and IBS of the board should be28 MPa, 2.8 GPa and 0.80 MPa respectively. From the test results it is apparent that a board density levelof 0.74 and above is necessary to achieve the BIS standard.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

42

Table 33 : Effect of Resin Content of the Board on its Mechanical Properties(Board Thickness: 10 mm; Board Density: 0.74 g/cc, Furnish Moisture

Content: 15%, Press Temperature: UF ≈ 130°C, PF ≈ 150°C, Time: 20 min)

Sample Resin Content Flex Strength Flex Modulus Internal BandNo. (%) (MPa) (GPa) Strength (MPa)

UF PF UF PF UF PF UF PF

1. 7 7 16.73 16.81 1.90 1.96 0.60 0.63

2. 9 9 22.01 23.39 2.14 2.17 0.72 0.76

3. 12 12 28.10 28.63 2.83 2.87 0.91 0.93

4. 15 15 28.26 29.02 2.89 2.91 0.92 0.95

UF- Urea Formaldehyde resin; PF-Phenol Formaldehyde resin

From the table no. 33, it is apparent that at a board density level of 0.74 g/cc, the binder (UF or PF) contentof the board should be 12% or more to make the board conform to the BIS specification.

Table 34 : Comparison between Boards Based on Dry Process and WetProcess Generated Fibres

(Board Thickness: 10 mm; Resin Content 12% (UF), Exposure to saturated water vapour

Dry Process Wet Process

Board Flexural Flexural Moisture Thickness Flexural Flexural Moisture Thicknessdensity Strength Modulus uptake swelling Strength Modulus uptake swelling(g/cc) (MPa) (GPa) (24 h) (%) (24 h) (%) (MPa) (GPa) (24 h) (%) 24 h) (%)

0.60 11.32 1.55 8.98 8.61 9.62 1.30 8.82 8.90

0.96 14.60 1.81 8.73 8.64 11.91 1.66 8.76 8.73

0.70 25.32 2.57 7.62 8.07 16.33 1.98 8.26 7.95

0.74 28.11 2.81 7.31 7.01 21.26 2.21 8.01 7.69

0.78 28.92 2.92 6.92 7.06 22.57 2.26 7.89 7.38

From the results shown in Table -34 it is apparent that boards based on dry process method of fibre generationexhibits better properties than those based on wet-process fibre.


43

Table 35 : Effect of exposure to saturated water vapour for 24 h on weight and thickness of fibre boards

Wet process refined material

UF Resin PF Resin

7% 9% 12% 7% 9% 12%

Moisture uptake (%) 9.62 9.2 9.02 8.3 8.02 8.09

Thickness increased (%) 15.7 8.6 8.9 10.99 7.65 7.10

Dry process refined material

UF Resin

7% 9% 12%

Moisture uptake (%) 8.22 8.26 8.90

Thickness increased (%) 11.0 5.60 4.72

Moisture absorption and consequent swelling of thickness of fibre boards generated from wet process fibreswere higher than those based on dry process fibres. Moisture content of all the boards varied between 8.09 to9.62% and it was only slightly lower for PF bonded boards. Thickness increase varied between 4.72 to15.7%.

Conclusions

Dry process generated fibres have a better l/b ratio compared to wet-process generated fibres.

Fibre boards can be prepared using jute whole plant as a raw material.

It is easier to process green jute plants compared to dry plants.

Fibre boards need to have a density of 0.74 g/cc and a resin content of about 12% to produce boards

conforming to BIS specification.

Boards based on fibres generated by wet process (beating in aqueous medium) are inferior to those

based on dry (disc refining) process.

CBP-3 Development of jute based composites for industrial application

Dr. P. K. Ganguly, Dr. L. Ammayappan & Dr. D. P. Ray

a) Jute fabric used for chemical modification has the following specification :

Plain woven hessian ; Ends/dm = 61 (252 tex); Picks / dm =54(230 tex); Area density = 270 gm-2;

Thickness = 0.93 mm; Bulk density = 0.29 gm-3; Void content = 75.8% (Sample- 1)

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

b) Chemical modification of jute fabric :

i) Treatment with 1% solution of sodium hydroxide (Sample-2)

ii) Treatment with 1%, 2% and 3% lac solutions in 1% sodium hydroxide to lac up-take levels

of 2%, 3% and 4%. This was followed by neutralization with dilute acetic acid, washing and

drying (Sample-3, 4, 5).

iii) Treatment of jute fabric with 1%, 2% and 3% lac solutions in industrial spirit to lac uptake

levels of 2%, 3% and 4%. This treatment was followed by drying in air and in and oven at

80°C (Sample-6,7,8)

iv) Jute fabric was bleached with alkaline H2O2 solution following standard technique

(Sample-9)

v) Water soluble phenol formaldehyde resole was prepared. Jute fabrics were treated with dilute

resin solutions, dried and cured at 155°C for one minute, finally washed and dried again to

resin uptake levels of 3% and 6% (Sample- 10 &11).

c) Testing of wetting time of untreated and treated fabrics with respect to unsaturatedpolyester resin :

Wetting time was tested by placing a 25mm x 25mm piece of fabric on the surface of unsaturatedpolyester resin (200 ml) in a 250 ml beaker and noting the time required by the fabric to justimmerse in the resin.

Table 36: Effect of chemical treatment and fabric structure on wetting time of jute fabrics

Sl. No. Fabric type Wetting time (Sec) Void content of fabric (%)

1. Untreated Hessian Fabric 7 75.8

2. Alkali treated fabric (1%) 9 71.1

3. Alkaline lac treated fabric (2%) 8 71.0



6. Solvent lac treated fabric (2%) 7 74.0



9. H2O2 bleached fabric (260 gsm) 8 72.0

10. PF Resole treatment 3% add on 8 72.0

11. PF Resole treatment 6% add on 8 70.0

45


d) Preparation of composite laminates using untreated and treated jute fabrics using unsaturatedpolyester (UP) resin as matrix :

The UF resin was thoroughly mixed with required amount (2%) of accelerator (cobalt naphthenate) andcatalyst (2%, MEK peroxide) in that order. The mixed resin was used to impregnate the fabrics of 25cmx 25cm by brush dabbing followed by rolling technique. Four such fabrics were super imposed and wereconsolidated in a hydraulic press under a pressure of 1.2 kg.cm-2 at room temperature for 30 minute. Thecomposites so prepared were trimmed and were cured at room temperature for 3 days followed by curingin an oven at 80°C for 24 hours.

Flexural (dry & wet) strength and interlaminate shear strength (ILSS) properties of jute based compositeswere evaluated as per standard ASTM D790-81 and ASTM D2344-76 respectively.

Table 37 : Effect of chemical modification and structures of jute fabricon Jute-Unsaturated polyester resin composite

Dry state Wet State % reduction in

S. No FC (%) FS FM BS FS FM BS FS FM ILSS(MPa) (GPa) (%) (MPa) (GPa) (%) (Mpa) (GPa) (MPa)

1 41.5 55.64 2.38 6.0 52.18 1.98 6.0 6.2 16.8 11.53

2 40.4 85.43 3.85 5.0 79.81 3.11 5.0 6.6 19.2 13.61

3 42.3 66.37 3.25 6.0 63.62 3.26 6.0 4.1 -- 10.95

4 43.1 77.70 3.35 5.0 73.51 3.27 6.0 5.4 2.4 10.79

5 42.9 79.06 3.45 5.0 78.13 3.40 5.0 1.2 1.4 12.15

6 42.6 65.66 2.70 6.0 65.15 2.64 6.0 0.8 2.2 13.95

7 41.4 61.44 2.62 6.0 59.51 2.42 6.0 3.1 7.6 10.57

8 40.0 62.01 2.65 6.0 60.01 2.46 6.0 3.2 7.2 9.87

9 39.7 97.68 4.48 4.0 90.00 3.92 4.0 7.9 12.5 13.77

10 41.0 73.92 3.65 6.0 70.71 3.06 6.0 4.3 16.2 11.48

11 42.2 76.58 3.76 5.0 72.01 3.30 5.0 6.0 12.2 11.72

FS - Flex strength; FM - Flex Modulus- BS-Breaking strain; ILSS-Inter layer shear strength; FC- Fibrecontent; MPa-Mega Pascal; GPa - Giga Pascal

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

All the treatments resulted in improvement of flexural strength and modulus values of the composite

laminates.

Treatment carried out in alkaline media resulted in higher improvement in strength compared to

those carried out in non-aqueous solvent medium

Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and treatment with dilute sodium hydroxide solution of the fabric

resulted in highest improvement in flexural strength and modulus values of composites.

Treatment with lac solution improves both flexural strength and modulus of composites. This

treatment also improves the water resistance of the composite.

Moisture content and swelling of the composites based on unmodified jute fabric on exposure to

saturated water vapour for 24 hours were 12.02% and 4.65% respectively.

After chemical modification, those values were reduced significantly. The lowest values were obtained

with alkaline lac treated sample (4% lac uptake), when the values were 1.38% and 1.09% respectively

Table 38 : Properties of composites with different types of resin

Resin Compo- Fibre FS FM ILSS FS FM Moisture Thickness

used site content (MPa) (GPa) (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) uptake swelling

thickness (%) (%) (%)

(mm)/

fabric

layers

(nos.)

USP 2.60/4 41.66 55.64 2.36 11.53 52.18 1.98 12.02 4.65

Epoxy 2.63/4 40.17 81.22 4.55 10.21 77.87 4.26 5.26 3.42

Vinyl Ester 2.64/4 43.00 59.46 2.46 9.87 57.92 2.33 3.07 0.59

FS - Flex strength; FM - Flex Modulus; ILSS - Inter Laminar Shear Strength

Moisture uptake / thickness swelling after exposure to saturated water vapour for 24 hour

Among the three resin systems studied, composites based on epoxy resin show best strength

properties.

In terms resistance to water / moisture, vinyl ester resin based composite is the best performer.

However, both epoxy and vinyl ester resins are significantly costlier than USP.

47


Table 39 : Effect of fabric structure and number of fabric layerson properties of jute – UPS composites

Sl. Fabric type No. of Fibre Composite FS FM ILSSNo. layers loading thickness (MPa) (GPa) (MPa)

(% wt.) (mm)

1. Hessian (Plain woven) 2 37.5 1.50 19.75 0.61 0.31

270g/cm2 BD =0.290 g/cc 3 8.5 2.15 53.04 1.40 1.63

4 41.6 2.60 55.64 2.36 11.53

2. Grey Broken Twill 1 46.0 0.91 27.83 0.91 0.42

440g/cm2 BD = 0.375 g/cc 2 47.0 1.76 59.26 1.59 1.80

3 48.0 2.58 79.99 3.02 2.48

4 45.3 3.20 81.61 4.23 11.58

3. Grey A Twill 575g/cm2 4 46.0 3.36 44.0 2.10 14.31

BD = 0.305 g/cc

It is apparent that structure of the reinforcing fabrics has profound influence on properties of thecomposite.

No. of reinforcing layers also plays crucial role in shaping composite properties through coveringof weakness in laminas and supporting stress transfer among them.

Lower strength of A-Twill is probably more due to poor fibre quality and higher batching oil content.

Composites based on broken twill consistently exhibits higher fibre heading and strength compoundto plain woven fabric.

CBP-4 Dyeing of jute fabric using natural dyes with improved fastnessproperties

Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyay, Dr. N. C. Pan & Shri A. Khan

Grey jute fabric was scoured and bleached with hydrogen peroxide by conventional process. Weight lossof jute fabric was 3.5% and 4.6% respectively during scouring and bleaching operation. The fabric becomesabsorbent and white after this treatment. Optical properties of grey, scoured and bleached jute fabricswere evaluated and tabulated in Table-40.

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Table 40 : Effect of pretreatment on optical properties of jute fabric

Jute fabric Whiteness index Yellowness index Brightness index λmax K/S (HUNTER) (ASTM D 1925) (TAPPI 452) (nm) value

Grey 48.03 44.74 18.72 420 2.04

Scoured 42.89 44.95 15.17 420 2.53

Bleached 81.60 16.74 62.36 420 0.21

It is clear from Table-40 that scouring makes the fabric darker with reduction in whiteness and brightness.There is a substantial improvement of whiteness and brightness with reduction of yellowness afterconventional bleaching.These fabrics were utilised for dyeing with natural dye extracted from manjisthafollowing post-mordanting and meta-mordanting process.

A detailed study has been done on application of mordants on dyed jute fabric. Bleached jute fabrics weretreated with biomordants i.e., pomegranate (5%, owf) and myrobolan (20%, owf) and then dyed withnatural dye manjistha. In case of post mordanting, only natural dyed, pomegranate treated-natural dyedand myrobolan treated -natural dyed jute fabric samples were further treated with chemical mordants likeferrous sulphate (2%, owf) and potash alum (10%, owf). Post mordanted dyed samples were soaped at50°C for 15 minute and then again washed and dried. All the dyed samples were evaluated in computercolour matching system for λmax, K/S value, L, a, b. Wash fastness and light fastness of the samples werealso evaluated. All the results have been tabulated in Table - 41.

Table 41 : Effect of post mordanting on dyeing behaviour of jute fabric

Sample λmax K/S L a b Wash Light (nm) Value Fastness Fastness

Bleach + Dye 510 1.76 58.64 25.77 8.12 3 4

Bleach + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 420 3.24 51.55 15.34 11.89 3 4-5

Bleach + Dye + Potash Alum 500 2.32 56.56 26.11 12.28 3-4 4-5

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye 510 2.20 56.83 18.26 9.70 3 4

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye + 520 6.23 39.34 9.97 11.25 2-3 4-5Ferrous Sulphate

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye + 490 2.60 52.61 18.49 12.94 4-5 4-5Potash alum

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye 510 2.03 55.90 21.15 10.02 3 4-5

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye + 530 3.93 45.96 11.39 12.45 3-4 4Ferrous Sulphate

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye + 500 1.83 58.52 21.46 12.48 3-4 4-5Potash alum

49


Analysis of the table reveals that K/S value of every post mordanted samples are less than their correspondingpremordanted samples. Wash fastness is also less in case of post mordanted samples but light fastness issimilar.

Table 42 : Tensile properties of post mordanted jute fabric samples

Sample Tenacity (cN/tex) Extension (%)

Warp Weft Warp Weft

Grey jute fabric 4.05 4.37 4.68 4.23

Scoured-bleached jute fabric (SB) 3.33 3.72 7.32 7.21

SB-manjistha 3.10 3.40 9.86 9.69

SB-manjistha + Ferrous sulphate 2.96 3.20 10.23 9.86

SB-manjistha + Potash Alum 2.86 3.14 10.71 9.99

SB + Myrobolan + manjistha 2.94 3.16 9.58 9.36

SB+ Myrobolan + manjistha + Ferrous sulphate 2.94 3.12 9.98 9.81

SB+ Myrobolan +manjistha + Potash Alum 2.80 3.11 10.86 10.69

SB + Pomegranate + manjistha 2.91 3.14 10.63 9.82

SB+ Pomegranate+manjistha+Ferrous sulphate 2.82 2.95 10.52 10.17

SB+ Pomegranate +manjistha + Potash Alum 2.82 2.90 9.76 9.59

Table 43 : Handle properties of post mordanted jute fabric samples

Sample Bending Length Flexural Rigidity Bending modulus(cm) (mg.cm) (kg/cm2)

Warp Weft Warp Weft Warp Weft

Grey jute fabric 4.71 4.95 2371 2753 53.53 62.16

Scoured-bleached jute fabric (SB) 3.16 3.40 754 939 11.24 14.00

SB-manjistha 3.06 3.46 684 989 10.54 15.24

SB-manjistha + Ferrous sulphate 2.99 3.10 654 729 9.44 10.53

SB-manjistha + Potash Alum 2.92 3.17 622 796 10.46 11.50

SB + Myrobolan + manjistha 2.95 3.18 621 778 8.97 11.24

SB+ Myrobolan + manjistha + Ferrous sulphate 3.07 2.98 653 598 9.43 8.63

SB+ Myrobolan +manjistha + Potash Alum 2.84 3.05 577 714 8.33 10.31

SB + Pomegranate + manjistha 2.98 3.05 582 624 8.40 9.01

SB+ Pomegranate+manjistha+Ferrous sulphate 2.87 3.01 574 662 8.29 9.56

SB+ Pomegranate +manjistha + Potash Alum 2.87 2.97 586 649 8.46 9.37

Physical properties like tensile and handle of all the post mordanted samples were evaluated and tabulatedin Table 42 & 43 respectively. Tensile strength is slightly lower in case of samples produced by post mordantingprocess than that of samples produced by premordanting method but handle properties are identical.

In order to produce samples by meta mordanting process, bleached jute fabrics were dyed with natural dyeextracted from manjistha along with either ferrous sulphate (2%, owf) or potash alum (10%, owf). In caseof double mordanting, bleached jute fabrics were first mordanted with pomegranate (5%, owf) or myrobolan(20%, owf) and then dyed with natural dye extracted from manjistha either with ferrous sulphate (2%, owf) or potash alum (10%, owf) in the same bath. All the dyed samples produced by meta mordanting methodwere evaluated for optical and physical properties and were tabulated in Table 44, 45 and 46.

Table 44 : Effect of meta mordanting on dyeing behaviour of jute fabric

Sample λmax K/S L a b Wash Light (nm) Value Fastness Fastness

Bleach + Dye 510 1.71 58.81 20.69 8.35 2-3 4Bleach + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 480 1.97 53.64 11.22 7.41 3 4Bleach + Dye + Potash Alum 480 2.35 52.37 25.51 15.28 3-4 4-5Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye 420 1.97 53.52 15.08 11.24 3 4Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye + 540 6.70 35.13 5.42 -1.99 2-3 4Ferrous SulphateBleach + Myrobolan + Dye + 470 3.24 51.40 19.00 16.82 4 4-5Potash alumBleach + Pomegranate + Dye 420 1.86 56.73 17.73 10.90 3 4-5Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye + 520 1.97 53.91 10.84 7.66 3-4 4Ferrous SulphateBleach + Pomegranate + Dye + 480 1.91 57.63 19.40 15.30 4 4-5Potash alum

It is clear from Table -44 that all the dyed samples produced inferior K/S values compared to that producedby pre and post mordanting method of dyeing. Wash fastness is low which is similar to post mordantedsamples and light fastness ratings of all the samples produced by all the methods i.e., premordanting, postmordanting and simultaneous mordanting are similar.

Table 45 : Tensile properties of meta mordanted jute fabric samples

Sample Tenacity (cN/tex) Extension (%)Warp Weft Warp Weft

Bleach + Dye 3.23 3.53 7.83 7.59

Bleach + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 2.78 2.95 10.63 9.99

Bleach + Dye + Potash Alum 2.64 2.81 9.19 9.31

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye 2.80 2.92 9.85 9.73

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 2.72 2.90 10.64 9.82

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye + Potash alum 2.52 2.81 10.28 10.21

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye 2.62 2.95 9.92 9.79

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 2.74 2.93 10.26 9.39

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye + Potash alum 2.74 2.83 9.69 9.46

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

51


Table 46 : Handle properties of meta mordanted jute fabric samples

Sample Bending Length Flexural Rigidity Bending modulus(cm) (mg.cm) (kg/cm2)


Bleach + Dye 3.2 3.37 802 937 13.20 15.42

Bleach + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 3.21 3.34 810 912 13.33 15.01

Bleach + Dye + Potash Alum 3.20 3.30 806 884 13.26 14.55

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye 3.19 3.21 739 813 12.16 13.38

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 3.20 3.28 822 885 13.53 14.56

Bleach + Myrobolan + Dye + Potash alum 3.10 3.18 744 803 12.24 13.21

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye 3.01 3.08 681 730 11.20 12.01

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye + Ferrous Sulphate 3.19 3.23 798 828 13.13 13.62

Bleach + Pomegranate + Dye + Potash alum 3.07 3.19 711 798 11.70 13.13

Analysis of Table 45 & 46 reveals that there is a reduction in tensile strength of the samples after simultaneous

dyeing and mordanting compared to post mordanted and premordanted samples. In case of meta mordanting,

the dyed samples becomes stiffer than that produced by the samples in case of pre-mordanting and post

mordanting.

So, it is clear from the study that in case of manjistha, jute fabric can be best-dyed following premordanting

method. The dyed samples produced in this case shows highest colour yield, fastness properties, improved

handle properties and retains maximum tensile strength.

Five different natural dyes were used for colouration of jute fabric. They are annatto (Bixa orellana), ratanjot

(Onisma echiodies), catechu (Acacia catechu), babool (Acacia Arabica) and red sandal wood (Pterocarpus

santalinus). For optimum utilization of natural dyes, standardization of extraction condition of natural dye

from its sources and proper condition of application of dye onto the fabric is must. For optimization of

extraction conditions of natural dyes from these sources, all these dye sources were first soaked in acidic,

alkaline and neutral conditions for certain durations. The soaked material was then boiled when the colour

present in the source material comes out and dissolve in water. The dye solution is then filtered. The extracted

dye solution is used for dyeing of bleached jute fabric with respective colour in three different medium i.e.,

alkaline, acidic and neutral. The dyed fabrics were subsequently evaluated for optical and fastness characteristics.

The results have been tabulated in Table-47.

Analysis of Table-47 reveals that λmax values of all these dyes are found to be different and they produce

different shades on bleached jute fabric. In case of catechu, after dyeing of the bleached jute fabric it is

further treated with potassium permanganate to produce dyed jute fabric with improved wash fastness

characteristics. Wash fastness of dyed jute fabric with ratanjot and babool is also good. But wash fastness

of dyed jute fabric dyed with natural dye like annato and red sandal wood is low.

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Table 47 : Optical properties of jute fabric dyed with natural dyes at different medium

Dye source Medium λmax value L a b Wash (nm) K/S fastness

Alkaline 480 3.74 60.97 32.66 31.40 2

Annato Acidic 480 1.12 53.66 21.71 23.15 1-2

Neutral 480 2.17 59.06 30.47 30.33 1-2

Alkaline 420 1.49 55.44 1.12 2.90 3-4

Ratanjot Acidic 420 0.94 55.20 0.82 1.26 4

Neutral 420 0.87 56.00 0.18 2.03 3-4

Alkaline 460 3.58 46.69 13.35 11.13 2-3

Babool Acidic 460 3.69 46.32 12.12 10.11 1-2

Neutral 460 4.46 46.84 14.03 10.95 2-3

Alkaline 510 2.11 56.16 20.07 11.55 1-2

Red sandal wood Acidic 510 1.11 56.41 16.43 14.52 1-2

Neutral 510 2.16 56.57 20.73 12.72 1-2

Alkaline 460 7.86 33.88 13.14 7.45 4

Catechu Acidic 460 15.87 22.05 9.17 0.41 3-4

Neutral 460 16.81 21.54 9.23 0.62 4-5

Following conditions were found to be optimum for different natural dyes with respect to extraction andapplication on bleached jute fabric.

For, Annato - Alkaline medium

Ratanjot - Alkaline medium

Babool - Neutral medium

Red sandal wood - Neutral medium

Catechu - Neutral medium

During the period under report, detailed study have been done for dyeing of jute fabric with annatto withimproved fastness characteristics. Bleached jute fabric was dyed with natural dye extracted from annattofor different duration and the result has been tabulated in Table-48.

Table 48

Dye source Dyeing time λmax value L a b Wash (hrs) (nm) K/S fastness

1 470 3.96 59.07 29.65 30.24 1-2

Annato 2 470 3.86 60.22 29.14 29.21 1-2

3 470 3.63 60.38 29.33 29.62 1-2

53


Duration of dyeing time in case of annatto was optimized as 1 hr which produces maximum colour yield.Two chemical mordants like ferrous sulphate and potash alum as well as two biomordants like myrobolanand pomegranate was used for dyeing of annatto on bleached jute fabric. Both single mordanting and doublemordanting process was studied. Study was also carried out on premordanting, post mordanting and metamordanting methods. All the mordants were applied on bleached jute fabric and their optical propertieswere evaluated and tabulated in Table-49.

Table 49

Mordant used λmax K/S Whiteness index Yellowness index Brightness index(nm) value (HUNTER) (ASTM D 1925) (TAPPI 452)

Ferrous sulphate (2%) 420 2.07 51.52 67.22 18.97

Potash alum (10%) 420 0.23 80.97 18.75 60.65

Pomegranate (5%) 420 2.16 50.52 52.91 19.32

Myrobolan (20%) 420 2.35 49.99 48.87 20.29

Analysis of Table-49 reveals that ferrous sulphate, myrobolan and pomegranate solution have their naturalcolour, so after their treatment on bleached jute fabric, the fabric becomes dark. Potash alum being colourless,they do not change the whiteness of bleached jute fabric.

Ferrous sulphate and potash alum was applied before, after or during dyeing of bleached jute fabric usingnatural dye extracted from annatto for improvement of dye uptake and fastness characteristics. Opticalproperties of all the dyed fabrics were evaluated and tabulated in Table-50.

Table 50

Dyed Sample λmax K/S L a b Wash Light (nm) Value Fastness Fastness

Control 470 3.96 59.07 29.65 30.24 1-2 3

Ferrous sulphate > Annato 470 4.54 58.14 31.07 28.87 2 3-4

Potash alum > Annato 470 4.07 57.91 24.39 26.12 2 3-4

Annato > Ferrous sulphate 470 5.55 54.04 29.37 28.09 2-3 3-4

Annato > Potash alum 470 4.90 57.57 31.43 29.43 2-3 3-4

Ferrous sulphate + Annato 470 4.30 57.81 32.02 29.79 2 3

Potash alum + Annato 470 3.82 59.49 30.58 30.49 2 3

It is clear from Table-50 that the mordanting of fabric results in improvement of colour yield and washingfastness. Among all the mordanting process, post mordanting produces maximum colour yield , light fastnessand washing fastness.

Bleached jute fabric was treated with two biomordants like pomegranate and myrobolan as a pretreatmentto dyeing process to improve the affinity of natural dye annatto to jute fabric. Both premordanting and

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

postmordanting was done. All the dyed fabrics were evaluated for colour yield and fastness properties andtabulated in Table-51.

Table 51


Myrobolan > Ferrous sulphate > Annato 480 6.51 43.49 9.72 18.63 2 3-4

Myrobolan > Potash alum > Annato 480 4.44 54.08 22.50 27.67 2 3-4

Pomegranate >Ferrous sulphate > Annato 480 3.85 57.53 23.66 26.29 2 3-4

Pomegranate > Potash alum >Annato 480 3.90 59.76 29.68 31.12 2 3-4

Myrobolan >Annato > Ferrous sulphate 470 8.66 32.96 7.84 5.21 2-3 3-4

Myrobolan > Annato > Potash alum 470 4.76 55.24 23.26 23.44 2-3 3-4

Pomegranate >Annato > Ferrous sulphate 470 4.77 53.50 18.42 24.77 2-3 3-4

Pomegranate > Annato > Potash alum 470 4.19 58.60 28.87 30.93 2-3 3-4

There is a substantial improvement of colour yield of the fabric in case of double mordanting with myrobolan

and ferrous sulphate. Pomegranate treatment does not produce any addition to colour yield or improvement

of fastness property in comparison to that of the sample produced by single mordanting method. Post

mordanting of biotreated jute fabric produce better dyed fabric.

Annato behaves like a direct or substantive type of dye in alkaline / neutral medium and as acid dye in acidic

medium. So dyeing of bleached jute fabric with annatto was carried out in two steps - in the first step as

direct dyeing for absorption of dye on to the fabric and in second step as acid dyes for making ionic bonds

with the fibre. Chemical mordants were applied before dyeing, after dyeing and during dyeing for improvement

of dye uptake and fastness properties. The dyed samples are evaluated for optical properties and the results

have been tabulated in Table-52.

Table 52


Control 480 5.17 56.92 31.16 32.66 2-3 3-4

Ferrous sulphate > Annato 480 8.91 44.29 22.53 24.90 2-3 3-4

Potash alum > Annato 480 6.08 51.71 26.75 27.98 3 4

Annato > Ferrous sulphate 480 6.78 49.32 24.14 26.99 2-3 3-4

Annato > Potash alum 480 5.69 54.66 31.61 31.90 3 4

Ferrous sulphate + Annato 480 5.95 51.45 25.97 29.23 2-3 3-4

Potash alum + Annato 480 5.29 55.23 30.46 30.63 3 3-4

55


A large number of shades are produced by changing the mordants and by following different mordantingmethods which is evident from Table-52. K/S values improves appreciably in this process of dyeing.Mordanting of samples further improves the colour yield and wash fastness property. In case of annattodyeing using both alkaline and acidic medium, premordanting methods produces higher colour yield. Washfastness is more in case of potash alum mordanting.

In case of double mordanting, bleached jute fabric is treated with biomordants and then biomordantedbleached jute fabric was dyed with natural dye extracted from annatto using premordanting and postmordanting methods. All the dyed samples were evaluated for optical properties and tabulated inTable-53. Double mordanting process produces a variety of shades.

Table - 53


Myrobolan > Ferrous sulphate > Annato 490 10.07 34.73 11.85 11.65 2-3 3-4

Myrobolan > Potash alum > Annato 480 5.92 49.81 23.97 25.60 3 4

Myrobolan >Annato > Ferrous sulphate 470 8.46 37.47 12.46 14.58 3 3-4

Myrobolan > Annato > Potash alum 470 3.99 54.50 21.09 21.65 3-4 4

Pomegranate >Ferrous sulphate > Annato 480 6.70 45.86 19.76 21.59 2-3 3-4

Pomegranate > Potash alum > Annato 480 5.52 53.27 28.36 28.59 3 4

Pomegranate >Annato > Ferrous sulphate 470 5.79 48.29 20.32 23.80 2-3 3-4

Pomegranate > Annato > Potash alum 480 5.27 54.71 29.50 30.06 2-3 3-4

It is clear from Table-53 that double mordanting using myrobolan and ferrous sulphate produces maximumcolour yield. Biomordanting followed by premordanting method of dyeing using natural dye and chemicalmordant produces better colour yield.

Chief findings :

1. Compared to post mordanting and meta mordanting, premordanting method is the best for dyeingof bleached jute fabric with natural dye extracted from manjistha. In this case the dyed fabric yieldsbest colour yield, produces superior fastness properties, results in improved handle properties andretains maximum tensile strength.

2. Extraction and application of dye in alkaline medium is optimum for annatto and ratanjot whileneutral medium is best for babool, red sandalwood and catechu.

3. Mordants like myrobolan, pomegranate and ferrous sulphate have their inherent colour whereaspotash alum is colourless. So, bleached fabric becomes dark after application of coloured mordants.

4. In case of alkaline method of dyeing using natural dye extracted from annatto, mordanting improvesthe colour yield compared to control fabric. Double mordanting using myrobolan and ferrous sulphateproduces maximum colour yield. In all the cases post mordanting with chemical mordants resultsin higher colour yield and fastness properties.

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

5. Two step dyeing following both direct and acid dyeing method produces the best colour yield andfastness properties in case of dyeing with natural dyes extracted from annatto.

6. In two step dyeing process, annatto produces best dyeing result following premordanting with chemicalmordant both in case of double mordanting or single mordanting.

7. In case of two- step dyeing, double mordanting with myrobolan and ferrous sulphate also producesmaximum colour yield.

8. In all the cases, mordanting with potash alum produces the best wash fastness properties.

CBP-5 Application of biotechnology in the colouration of jute fabricDr. N. C. Pan & Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyay

Grey jute fabric having the following specification was used forthe study.

Warp count : 155 tex, Weft count : 144 tex, Ends/dm : 67,Picks/dm : 65, Fabric mass : 205 gm/m2 (at 65% RH and 27°C).A commercial cellulase enzyme, EZYSOFT LCP (M/s ResilChemicals Pvt. Ltd.) and xylanase enzyme, TEXZYME J (M/sTextan Chemicals Pvt Ltd.) were used for the study.Twoneucleophilic substitution type (hot bradd) reactive dyes viz.,Amactive Orange H2R (C.I. Reactive Orange 13) and ProcionBrown H4R (C.I .Reactive Brown 7) and two neucleophilicaddition type of reactive dyes viz, Remazol Yellow FG (C.I.Reactive Yellow 42) and Amidazol Brown GR (C.I. ReactiveBrown 18) were used in the experiment.

For dyeing of jute fabric, different pretreatments were given atsequential manner. The details are as under

Grey jute fabric was scoured chemically with sodium hydroxide (2%, owf) and non-ionic surface-activeagent (2 g/l) at 90°C for 1hour, keeping the material-to-liquor ratio at 1:20. Chemically scoured fabricwas washed thoroughly in cold water and then treated with acetic acid (2 ml/l) for 20 minutes at roomtemperature to neutralize the residual alkali present in the fabric. Further cold washing and drying wascarried out as usual.

Bioscouring

Grey jute fabric was scoured biochemically with cellulase enzyme (Ezysoft LCP, 4% owf), Xylanase enzyme(Texzyme J, 4% owf) and non-ionic surface-active agent (3% owf) in the same bath at a temperature of50°C for 2 hours, keeping the material-to-liquor ratio at 1:10. The pH of the bath was maintained at 4.5by using acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer. After this treatment, the temperature of the bath was raisedto 90°C and maintained at that temperature for 15 minutes after which the samples were washed anddried.

57


Bleaching

Bleaching of chemically scoured and bioscoured jute fabrics were done separately in a closed vessel for 90minutes at 80° - 85°C, keeping the material-to-liquor ratio at 1:20 with hydrogen peroxide (2 vol), trisodiumphosphate (5 g/l), sodium silicate (10 g/l) and non-ionic surface active agent (2 g/l). The pH of the bathwas maintained at 10. After bleaching, the fabrics were washed thoroughly in cold water, neutralized withacetic acid (2 ml/l) for 15 minute at room temperature, again washed in cold water and dried.

Dyeing

Chemically scoured-bleached and bioscoured-bleached jute fabrics were dyed separately with monochlorotriazine type of reactive dyes viz Amactive Orange H2R and Procion Brown H4R. Dye bath was made withdye (4% owf) and glaubers salt (80 g/l) and keeping the material-to-liquor ratio at 1:20. The bleached fabricsamples were dipped into the dye bath and kept for one hour with stirring at 80°C. After this treatment,alkali (Sodium hydroxide, 4 g/l) was added in the same bath at 80°C and kept for one hour for fixation ofdye. Thereafter the dyed fabric samples were washed with cold water, soaped with non-ionic surface-activeagent (2 g/l) for 15 min at boil followed by usual cold washing and drying.

Chemically scoured-bleached and bioscoured-bleached jute fabrics were dyed separately with vinyl sulphone type of reactive dyes viz Remazol Yellow FG and Amidazol Brown GR. Dye bath was made with dye (4%owf) and glaubers salt (80 g/l) and keeping the material-to-liquor ratio at 1:20. The bleached fabric sampleswere dipped into the dye bath and kept for 40 minutes with stirring at 30°C. After this treatment, alkali(Sodium hydroxide, 4 g/l) was added in the bath and kept for one hour under same condition. Thereafterthe dyed fabric samples were washed with cold water, soaped with non-ionic surface-active agent (2 g/l)for 15 min at boil followed by usual cold washing and drying.

Evaluation

Grey, chemically scoured, bioscoured, chemically scoured-bleached, bioscoutred-bleached, chemicallyscoured-bleached-dyed and bioscoutred-bleached-dyed jute fabrics were evaluated by using differentstandards as under:

a) Whiteness index : As per HUNTER scale

b) Yellowness index : As per ASTM D1925 scale

c) Brightness index : As per TAPPI 452 scale

d) K/S value : As per Kubelka-Munk equation

e) L, a, b values : As per computer colour matching system

f) Wash fastness : As per IS :3361- 1979

g) Light fastness : As per Is:2454-1967

h) Handle properties : As per IS: 6490-1971

i) Tensile properties : As per ASTM D1682-1975

Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are the main constituent of jute fibre. Bright coloured jute fabrics wereproduced by different routes namely (i) chemically scoured - bleached - reactive dyed and (ii) bioscoured- bleached - reactive dyed. Optical properties of chemically scoured, bioscoured, chemically scoured -bleached and bioscoured - bleached jute fabrics were studied thoroughly. (Table-54)

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Table 54 : Optical properties of grey, chemically scoured, bioscoured, chemicallyscoured-bleached and bioscoured-bleached jute fabric

Jute fabric Whiteness index Yellowness index Brightness index(HUNTER) (ASTM D 1925) (TAPPI 452)

Grey48.32 43.75 18.99

Chemically scoured 42.78 39.70 15.43

Bioscoured 47.63 43.51 18.67

Chemically scoured-bleached 81.98 20.21 62.03

Bioscoured- bleached 83.11 20.63 63.16

It is clear from Table -54 that whiteness and brightness of chemically scoured-bleached and bioscoured-bleached jute fabric improves significantly in comparison to only chemically scoured and bioscoured jutefabric. Improvement of whiteness and brightness is more in case of bioscoured-bleached jute fabric.

The enzymes used in this study consists of cellulase enzyme and xylanase enzyme. Cellulase enzyme actson the cellulose part of the fibre and xylanase enzyme acts on the hemicellulosic part of the fibre. Alkalitreated and enzyme treated fabrics i.e., chemically scoured-bleached and bioscoured - bleached jute fabricswere dyed separately with two neucleophilic substitution type of reactive dyes (Hot brand) and two vinylsulphone type of reactive dyes. The dyed fabrics were evaluated for the property like λmax, K/S value,L , a, b values, wash fastness and light fastness (Table 55 & 56)

Table 55 : Dyeing properties of chemically scoured-bleached-dyed and bioscoured-bleached-dyed jute fabrics (Dyed with Amactive Orange H2R and Procion Brown H4R dyes)

Jute Fabric λmax K/S L a b Wash Light (nm) Value Fastness Fastness

Chemically scoured-bleached- 520 5.85 55.04 44.95 28.63 4 4-5dyed with AmactiveOrange H2R dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed 520 6.17 56.41 46.64 30.06 4-5 4-5with Amactive Orange H2R dye

Chemically scoured-bleached- 550 6.45 33.64 14.92 -2.35 4 4dyed with Procion BrownH4R dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with 550 6.87 34.88 15.20 -2.64 4-5 4Procion Brown H4R dye

59


Table 56 : Dyeing properties of chemically scoured-bleached-dyed and bioscoured-bleached-dyed jute fabrics (Dyed with Remazol Yellow FG and Amidazol Brown GR dyes)

Jute Fabric λmax K/S L a b Wash Light (nm) Value Fastness Fastness

Chemically scoured-bleached- 460 3.45 74.76 11.69 55.43 4 4dyed with Remazol YellowFG dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with 460 3.66 77.78 12.01 61.11 4 4Remazol Yellow FG dye

Chemically scoured-bleached- 500 7.19 39.87 29.70 12.27 4 4dyed with Amidazol BrownGR dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed 500 7.79 39.59 29.73 12.78 4-5 4with Amidazol Brown GR dye

Table 55 & 56 indicates the dye uptake, in terms of K/S value, of biotreated-bleached-dyed jute fabric ishigher to a certain extent in both the class of dyes as compared to chemically scoured-bleached - dyed jutefabrics. This may be due to more creation of pores inside the fibre structure during enzyme treatmentresulting easy access of the dye molecules in the fabric. Wash fastness in case of bioscoured-bleached-dyedjute fabrics are slightly better in comparison to chemically scoured-bleached-dyed jute fabrics for bothmonochloro triazine &vinyl sulphone type of reactive dyes. Light fastness ratings of both the dyed fabricsare as expected.

Handle properties in terms of bending length, flexural rigidity and bending modulus of raw, chemicallyscoured-bleached, bioscoured-bleached and their respective dyed fabrics were evaluated. (Table 57 & 58)

Table 57 : Handle properties of grey, chemically scoured-bleached, bioscoured-bleached,chemically scoured-bleached-dyed and bioscoured-bleached-dyed jute fabrics

(Dyed with Amactive Orange H2R and Procion Brown H4R dyes)

Jute fabric Bending Length Flexural Rigidity Bending modulus(cm) (mg.cm) (kg/cm2)


Grey 4.68 4.80 2101 2267 44.09 44.57

Chemically scoured-bleached 3.07 3.16 660 719 9.84 10.72

Bioscoured-bleached 2.81 2.95 537 621 8.01 9.26

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with 3.02 3.15 666 756 9.93 11.27Amactive Orange H2R dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with Amactive 2.91 3.00 579 634 8.10 8.87Orange H2R dye

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with 3.05 3.18 686 778 9.60 10.88Procion Brown H4R dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with Procion 2.95 3.10 603 700 8.43 9.79Brown H4R dye

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Table 58 : Handle properties of grey, chemically scoured-bleached, bioscoured-bleached,chemically scoured-bleached-dyed and bioscoured-bleached-dyed jute fabrics

(Dyed with Remazol Yellow FG and Amidazol Brown GR dyes)

Jute fabric Bending Length Flexural Rigidity Bending modulus(cm) (mg.cm) (kg/cm2)


Grey 4.68 4.80 2101 2267 44.09 44.57

Chemically scoured-bleached 3.07 3.16 660 719 9.84 10.72

Bioscoured-bleached 2.81 2.95 537 621 8.01 9.26

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with 3.05 3.12 655 701 11.93 12.77Remazol Yellow FG dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with 2.95 3.00 603 634 10.98 11.55Remazol Yellow FG dye

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with 3.12 3.18 729 771 13.75 14.54Amidazol Brown GR dye

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with 3.05 3.00 675 642 12.73 12.11Amidazol Brown GR dye

There is sufficient reduction of bending length, flexural rigidity and bending modulus of chemically scoured-bleached jute fabric compared to raw jute fabric. But these values are further reduced in case of biotreated-bleached jute fabric. Removal of impurities, removal of a portion of cellulose and hemicellulose constituentof the fibre , cleavage of ester linkage and shortening of cellulose chain during bioscouring makes the fabricsofter. After dyeing of both the fabric, the values are not changing significantly.

Tensile properties like tenacity and extension value of grey, chemically scoured-bleached, bioscoured-bleached and their respective dyed fabrics were determined in a tensile testing machine (Table 59 & 60)

Table 59 : Tensile properties of grey, chemically scoured-bleached, bioscoured-bleached, chemicallyscoured-bleached-dyed and bioscoured-bleached-dyed jute fabrics (Dyed with Amactive Orange

H2R and Procion Brown H4R dyes)

Jute fabric Tenacity Extension(cN/tex) (%)

Warp Weft Warp Weft

Grey 4.67 5.18 5.38 5.32

Chemically scoured-bleached 4.11 4.39 8.54 8.83

Bioscoured-bleached 4.21 4.35 9.41 9.74

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with Amactive Orange H2R dye 4.02 4.25 8.69 9.12

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with Amactive Orange H2R dye 4.09 4.32 9.56 9.81

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with Procion Brown H4R dye 3.98 4.31 8.74 9.45

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with Procion Brown H4R dye 4.12 4.39 9.46 9.88

61


Table 60 : Tensile properties of grey, chemically scoured-bleached, bioscoured-bleached,chemically scoured-bleached-dyed and bioscoured-bleached-dyed jute fabrics

(Dyed with Remazol Yellow FG and Amidazol Brown GR dyes)

Jute fabric Tenacity Extension(cN/tex) (%)

Warp Weft Warp Weft

Grey 4.67 5.18 5.38 5.32

Chemically scoured-bleached 4.11 4.39 8.54 8.83

Bioscoured-bleached 4.21 4.35 9.41 9.74

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with Remazol Yellow FG dye 3.96 4.02 9.66 9.85

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with Remazol Yellow FG dye 4.00 4.11 9.42 9.65

Chemically scoured-bleached-dyed with Amidazol Brown GR dye 3.94 4.21 9.52 9.32

Bioscoured-bleached-dyed with Amidazol Brown GR dye 4.05 4.31 9.46 9.95

Chemically scoured-bleached jute fabric leads to more loss in strength compared to bioscoured-bleachedjute fabric. This may be due to more drastic chemical reaction during conventional alkaline scouring process.

Chief findings:

1. Sequential treatment like biotreatment-bleaching-reactive dyeing of jute fabric shows higher dyeuptake than that produced by alkali treatment-bleaching-reactive dyeing of jute fabric in case of bothmonochloro triazine and vinyl sulphone type of reactive dyes.

2. Removal of impurities as well as removal of small amount of jute constituent during bio-treatmentresults in easy access of the dye molecules.

3. Brightness of the shade was also improved in case of biotreated jute fabric.

4. Wash fastness properties slightly better in case of biotreated - bleached-dyed jute fabrics.

5. Bio-treatment results in improvement of handle properties of jute fabric.

6. There is small drop of tensile strength after biotreatment.

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

CBP-6 Energy from jute and agro-residue biomassDr. L. K. Nayak & Shri K. Patra

Biomass is possibly the most promising renewable energy source for rural development. The heat content

of good quality biomass is about 70% of high-grade coal and 40% of high-speed diesel. Charring and

pelletization has been considered as one of the most effective method for conversion of biomass into

energy, especially heat energy. Among all the biomass sources, agricultural residues have shown large

potential as their uses ensure effective utilization of waste.

Agro-residues viz. jute stick, rice husk, wood chips, palm seed kernel and jute caddies were carbonized

in the fabricated charring drum of size 110 mm x 800 mm. The time of carbonization for these agro-

residues were 1.5hr, 1hr, 2hr, 2hr and 1 hr respectively; whereas, the yield obtained were 40.0%, 25.0%,

32.5%, 37.5% and 25.0%. The char so obtained, were grind to powder form and made into pellets with

addition of water. To study the effect of binders, four different types of binders viz. molasses, boiled rice

water (rice starch), soil and cow-dung were used at 4 different concentrations (5%,10%,15% and 20%)

to prepare pellets from jute-stick charcoal.

The FTIR spectra of jute stick and jute stick charcoal were studied and the spectral signature of different

functional group has been evaluated. (Table 61 & Table 62)

Table 61 : FTIR Spectra of Jute stick

Peak No. Position of Functional groups IntensityBands (cm-1)

1 3355 O-H stretching (H-bonded) S

2 2900 C-H stretching in methyl and methylene S

3 1736 C-O stretching in carboxyl and unconjugated beta ketone shoulder

4 1630-1635 H2O molecules in non-crystalline cellulose w

5 1593 Aromatic skeleton ring vibration S

6 1455 C-H deformation and CH2 bending S

7 1190-1200 Phenolic H-O deformation Sh

8 1030 Aromatic C-H plane of deformation W

63


Table 62 : FTIR Spectra of Jute stick charcoal

Peak No. Position of Functional groups IntensityBands (cm-1)

1 3577 O-H stretching (H-bonded) s

2 3308 O-H stretching (H-bonded) s

3 2093 Alkyne monosubstituted Hydrogen bonded O-H stretching sh

4 852 Aromatic C-H out of plane deformation sh

5 652 O-H out of plane bending s

6 600 O-H out of plane bending s

The difference observed between jute stick and jute stick charcoal has been enumerated below :

The characteristic IR peak of jute stick at 1593, 1455,1190 and 1030 cm-1 was absent in jute stickcharcoal.

The shoulder peak on 1736 cm-1 C-O stretching in carboxyl and un-conjugated beta ketone waspresent in jute stick, where as, shoulder peak for charcoal at 2093 due to Alkyne mono-substituted.

In jute stick charcoal three prominent peaks at 852, 652 and 600 was prevalent which are due topresence of aromatic C-H out of plane deformation, O-H out of plane bending and O-H out of planebending at the charcoal component.

The FTIR spectra of jute caddies and jute caddies charcoal were studied and the spectral signature ofdifferent functional group has been evaluated. (Table 63 & Table 64)

Table 63 : FTIR Spectra of Jute caddies

Peak No. Absorbance Functional groups Intensity(cm-1)

1 3328 O-H stretching vibrations, polymeric association w,b

2 2354 Hydroxyl (O-H) stretching (bonded), several bands s, w

3 2094 Alkyne monosubstituted M

4 1245 Alkene disubstituted (C-H bending) w, b

5 917 Alkene, monosubstituted (vinyl) (C-H bending) w

6 705 Aromatic, substitution with five adjacent v, shydrogen atoms (C-H bending)

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Table 64 : FTIR Spectra of Jute caddies charcoal

Peak No. Jute caddies charcoal Functional groups IntensityAbsorbance (cm-1)

1 3704 Alcoholic and phenolic O-H vibrations due v, shto single bridge compounds

2 2390 Hydroxyl (O-H) stretching (bonded), several bands w

3 2026 Alkyne monosubstituted Hydrogen bonded bO-H stretching

4 1495 Alkane, C-H bending w

5 1299 C-O stretching (Carboxylate anion stretching) b

6 964 Alkene , C-H bending s

Abbreviation: s= strong, m= medium, w=weak, v= variable, b= broad, sh= sharp

The difference observed between jute caddies and jute caddies charcoal has been enumerated below

The band on 3328 cm-1 is attributed to H-bonded H-O stretching which may be shifted further to3704 cm-1 for partial oxidation in jute caddies charcoal.

There was a weak and broad peak at 1245 cm-1 in the caddies which was absent in charcoal

A broad peak due to C-O stretching of Carboxylate anion was found in charcoal

In case of jute caddies variable sharp peak was found at 750 cm-1 which is due to aromatic, substitutionwith five adjacent hydrogen atoms (C-H bending).

Transfer of Technology Division

Achievement

Under analysis of information dissemmination

techniques in transfer of technology : (a) a model

of readability index of bengali agricultural text

was developed, (b) demonstration charts for the

three technologies in accordance with the

readability index of the subjects have been

prepared, and (c) documentary films for two

technologies have been developed.

Eighteen training programmes were conducted.

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TOT-1 Development of portal for jute

Shri S. Das & Shri H. Sengupta

Portal for jute was developed to enable easy management system, maintenance of contents, social network

interface and developed digital repository. Customized portal software have been developed using web

2.0 technology for frame based portal contents and easy upload of the contents by various users. It covers

various management modules like event, staff, training, publication database with search facility, jute

knowledge, home page, menu, news latter subscription, scroll news, jute product, jute directory, FAQ,

etc. Various social network interface have been developed. This software have incorporate user level manage

of various contents of institute and jute related information, Website development, up gradation and

installation of server. Various social interfaces viz. like, recommend, comment, share, wiki, blog, etc. have

been embedded to make portal more social. Live help using talk and chat for portal visitors, interactive

event calendar using email alert, institute map location and others information in google map navigation.

Language conversion and portal content search, jute news flash have been added. Detail study of visitors

using google analytical and various collection of jute related data have been done. May study the jute and

allied fiber trend using data and graph. Created the video channels in youtube and other social network

for portal and embedded the videos in portal. Interactive album with geotag has been added. Institute

website has been display with map and photograph in google search.

National Knowledge Network has been installed in new NKN room. New NKN room was constructed

for keeping server, NKN equipment, server rack, UTM, etc. This network was connected to our institute

with dedicated optical fiber cable which provide high speed communication among national knowledge

network member. NKN provide high speed Internet facility in our institute as another internet facility

do. Institute e-journal and other IP based facility configured on this network.

Portal have been hosted in institute server which is connected to lease line. This portal has been developed

using LAMP. For protection of server and institute network, unify threat management (UTM) has been

installed in server room. This UTM act as firewall of NKN connection for secure connection. For smooth

and fast accessing of Internet, it has been configured for two lease line (NKN and ERNET) with fail

over and load balance facility. It has facility of gateway label virus cleaning, hacking protection, user label

internet management, police management, firewall, application filter, routing, VPN, reporting and another

network facility. Institute videoconference unit and CCTV have been configured on public IP for access

from any where using UTM.

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TOT-2 Analysis of information dissemination techniques in transfer of

jute and allied fibre technology through training, exhibitions and

demonstration for rural development

Dr. U. Sen, Dr. S. B. Roy & Shri S. Das

Demonstration

A transect walk was undertaken in north 24 Parganas district (Kalsara village) mainly to observe the features

of social structure and resources which aided the preparation of a 'resource map' (Fig. 1) and a 'technology

map' (Fig. 2) of the village along with the active participation of the villagers. Technology map depicted that

villagers were aware of the modern technologies and also equally conscious about the adverse outcome of

these new technologies. The technology map indicated that villagers adopted jute cultivation in commercial

scale but had little acquaintance with the jute handicrafts, though a section of minority sect women showed

inclination towards this technology.

I. Development of readability index of Bengali agricultural text for Kalsara villagers :

Three parameters were chosen for the model :

1. Total number of syllables (S)

2. Total number of words (W)

3. Total number of sentences (T)

The model based on these parameters was fitted using the data of the study:

f(x,y) = -8.803 x 10-13x + y + 1.613 x 10-12

where,

x = total number of syllables (S)/ total number of words (W)

y = total number of words (W)/total number of sentences (T)

II. Demonstration charts for the three technologies in accordance with the readability index

of the subjects have been prepared.

III. Documentary films for the two technologies have been developed

These videos are pedagogical record about the preparation of handmade paper from Date Palm Leaf

and Bleaching and dyeing by NIRJAFT and PalliShilpa Handmade paper manufacturer, Patuli,

Kolkata. It documents the methods and practices of Handmade paper and bleaching & dyeing in

order to built up a small unit which might facilitate the community centered approaches, mostly

young unemployed youth and women. The motivation behind creating this film to realize the usefulness

of transfer of information through visual media.

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Table 65 : Matrix Ranking

Reasons Technologies

Jute Jute Rice Veg. Animal Total Rankcultivation handicrafts cultivation cultivation husbandry score

Low cost 3.77 1.03 4.3 3.80 2.07 14.97 III

More income 3.96 1.03 3.42 4.50 2.07 14.98 II

Ease of adoption 4.73 2.46 3.27 3.04 1.46 14.96 IV

Marketing facility 3.80 1.23 4.12 3.92 1.96 15.03 I

Total score 16.26 5.75 15.11 15.26 7.56

Ranks I V III II IV

TOT-4 Environmental impact analysis of production of jute and geo-textilesin view of carbon balance

Dr. B. Saha & Dr. U. Sen

Quality of retting water was assessed for the environmental consequences. Quality of water at pre-retting,retting and post retting stage was assessed. Values of TSS (Total Soluble Solids), BOD (Biological OxygenDemand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) were measured. The values of all the parameters increasedduring retting. TSS increased by 210%, BOD by 140% whereas COD increased by 500% (Table 66).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

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Table 66 : Retting Water Characteristics

Sl. No. Parameters Pre-retting During retting Post retting(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)

1 TSS 58 172 172

2. BOD 50 120 130

3. COD 80 460 270

Tenacity of jute fibres has been studied for varied environmental conditions like normal, drought andwaterlogged conditions. Overall tenacity of fibre was found to be higher in olitorius sp. Among differentenvironmental conditions of drought, normal and waterlogged, tenacity of fibres were found to be lowesti.e 10.5 to 12.0 g/tex in drought condition. It did not vary significantly between normal and waterloggedcondition. It varies between 17.9-18.7 g/tex in waterlogged condition for both the species. In case of normalenvironmental condition, the tenacity varies from 15.1g/tex (C.capsularis ) to 24.5g/tex (C.olitorius ).

Table 67 : Fibre Bundle Strength under Different Environmental Conditions

Sl. Jute Sp. Environmental Conditions Tenacity (g/tex)No.

1. C. olitorius Normal 24.5

Drought 12.0

Waterlogged 18.7

2. C. capsularis Normal 15.1

Drought 10.5

Waterlogged 17.9

Externally Funded Project

Achievements

Five handlooms designed, developed & fabricated by

NIRJAFT, for weaving jute based ornamental fabric, were

installed at different states viz. Jharkhand, West Bengal,

Orissa & Arunachal Pradesh.

Mulching using jute nonwoven fabric on strawberry and

tomato produces better crop by quantity and quality.

Horticultural pot and prefabricated grass mat from jute

nonwoven have shown encouraging results.

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Sponsored Project / Contract Research

MM IV, 7.1/3 Development of new range of jute fabric including newermulti fibre weaveDr. A. N. Roy & Dr. G. Basu

A total of 200meters of fabric in three different designs (JPF2 - 50meters, JPF3 - 50meters and JPF4 -

100meters) which were developed under the project has been supplied on request of JDP manufacturing

unit (Hi Choice Handicraft) for manufacture of jute slippers. Full arrangement for the production of 200

meters of the developed fabric mentioned above has been made in the weaver's loom shed. Arrangement

have been made for the display of the developed jute slippers in association with slipper manufacturer

in the fair at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Office bags have been developed from the decorative fabric in

association with bag manufacturer. These bags (180 nos) have been supplied for ICAR governing body

meet at New Delhi on 2nd Feb 2011. Well finished ladies dress materials (Designer coat with belt and

Faron) was prepared in association with FXB India Suraksha, West Bengal, 100C Park Street, Kolkata

700017 from the jute/cotton union fabric. One saree has been developed wherein 4 lb fancy jute yarn has

been used to produce motifs on the fabric surface. Organized six design dissemination workshop each of

five days duration. A total 106 (23+20+21+20+20+22) candidates have been provided training. Total five

5 days training cum workshop programme on “Weaving of Ornamental Jute Fabric in Handloom”at different locations of India

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

handlooms, developed by NIRJAFT, has been supplied and installed in each of the training venues of

Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal (one in each sight). Arrangement has been made

for the display of different jute based ornamental fabrics and products developed there from in Buyer's-

Seller's meet organized by National Jute Board at Stadel, Salt Lake, Kolkata. “Do it yourself” - a training

manual for weaving of ornamental fabric in handloom has been prepared in Hindi and Oria language and

distributed among the trainees.

MM IV, 7.1/5 Development of low cost dense jute non-woven fabricDr. S. Sengupta, Dr. S. Debnath & Dr. P. K. Ganguly

Nonwoven fabric samples and their properties

With the aim to understand the behavior of different properties of low grade jute needle punched nonwovenfabric, central composite rotatable experimental design has been adopted for preparation of twenty samples.Statistical models have been developed from low quality jute (TD6 and mill waste seperately) on bulkdensity, tenacity, extension-at-break, air permeability, bursting strength, thermal insulation considering threeindependent parameters i.e. area density, punch density and depth of needle penetration. Their contourdiagrams can help to design the fabric with pre determined properties.

Field trials on agricultural mulching using low cost jute nonwoven

Field trials have been conducted with needle punched nonwoven as mulching cloth on tomato in summerat KVK of BCKV, Gayespur, Nadia and on strawberry at CIPHET, Abohar, Punjab. The performance ofjute nonwoven (250, 500, 750 g/m2) have been compared with woven jute, straw, saw dust, banana leaf,black and white plastic (7 micron) as mulching material. It has been observed that 500 g/m2 nonwovenfrom waste jute showed the best results in terms of moisture retentivity, soil erosion, biodegradability, soiltemperature control, weed control and labour cost. Jute nonwoven also adds nutrient after degradation andprevents decaying of beneficial soil micro organisms. In case of strawberry, jute nonwoven mulching promotesthe availability of fruit till end of April and fetches good return to the farmers. It improves productivity andquality of crop and is economically viable for high valued crops.

Director and other scientists ofNIRJAFT are discussing withscientists of KVK, Gayespur

Tomato before harvesting at Gayespur

Strawberry at CIPHET, Abohar

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Field trial on nonwoven horticultural pot

A trial has been conducted to examine the suitability of

nonwoven horticultural pot in collaboration with garden hut,

Kolkata and KVK, Neempit. Scrim cloth reinforced 350 g/m2

needle punched nonwoven from waste jute shows better results

compared to plastic in terms of plant growth , amount of dry

mass, number of leaves etc. after one month. Nonwoven pot

can directly be applied on the soil and it eliminates the root

damage.

Field trial on prefabricated grass mat

A trial in collaboration with Garden Hut, Kolkata concluded

that double layer of 500 g/m2 waste jute needle punched

nonwoven was very much suitable for pre fabricated grass mat

preparation due to high productivity and maximum reduction

of soil usage. The high moisture retention of nonwoven reduces

the amount of required water. It also reduces the use of chemical

fertiliser, weedicide etc.and adds nutrient after degradation.

Dissemination

The results have been presented in two buyer-seller meets organized by National Jute Board at Kolkata andFICCI at New Delhi

MM-IV/6.2 Development of electronic and microprocessor based integratedinstrumentation for jute grading system

Dr. G. Roy & Dr. S. C. Saha

The software for identifying colour value, fineness value have been developed. Software for identifying thepercentage of defects have also been developed. The pre-processing unit is under development.

Jute nonwoven horticultural pot

Field trial of prefabricated grass mat

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

NAIP, Component-IZonal technology management and business planning and development(BPD) unit at NIRJAFT, KolkataDr. D. Nag, Dr. A. K. Roy, Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyay, Dr. A. N. Roy & Dr. S. B. Roy

Development of Infrastructure:

The state of art infrastructure has been developed by BPD unit for technology commercialization and tosupport the entrepreneurs. Construction of pilot plant, textile laboratory, chemistry laboratory, receptionroom, training hall, interaction cell, BPD conference room and Entrepreneurs Incubation Hall is finishedand ready for operation.

Development of Website

• Launched BPD website http://www.nirjaftbpd.in

• Website is designed in Adobe Photoshop and Developed in php and mysql database.

• The website has online registration for Entrepreneurs and got good response from the Entrepreneurs

• The website is linked with ICAR website and with 16 catchment institutes of this zone, the technologypage is updated with new technologies of the Institutes of this zone

• The photo gallery page has been updated with new photos of recent events.

• Home page has been updated with new events, new pictures and regular newsletters.

• The website is uploaded with brochures, flyers, technology document, etc.

Incubation

BPD-NIRJAFT has enrolled 25 new entrepreneurs. They belongs to different places of West Bengal andOdisha. The Entrepreneurs have opted for different Agro based technologies developed by ICAR institutesin the zone. MOUs have been signed with following companies:

(1) Dhubi Gram Unnayan Samity

(2) Nature Board

(3) Magdarshak Development Servies

Evaluation and Valuation of technologies was done for the following Institutes:

(1) National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, Kolkata

(2) Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi

(3) ICAR Research Centre for North Eastern Hilly Region, Barapani

(4) ICAR Research Centre for Eastern Region, Ranchi

The Process includes the following steps:

(1) Communicating with ITMUs

(2) Collecting data from entrepreneurs, farmers, Financial Institutes, etc

75


(3) Quantifying data from different section

(4) Visit to the Institutes and Collecting data from their ITMUs, Scientists and their Entrepreneurs

(5) Analyzing data using different statistical methods

(6) Quantifying the Technologies

Organization of Events

Entrepreneurs Meet at Birsa Agricultural University Ranchi on 1 April, 2011

Agribusiness camp at NIRJAFT, Kolkata on 11 August 2011

Review Meeting on ITMUs under ZITMC NIRJAFT, Kolkata on 16-17 December 2011

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Linkages Developed with the following Organizations:

West Bengal Pollution Control Board • West Bengal Forest Department • West Bengal Financial Corporation• Small Farmers Agri Business Consortium • Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank • National Bank for Agricultureand Rural Development, Kolkata • Margdarshak Development Service, New Delhi • Directorate of Agriculture,Govt. of West Bengal • Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Govt of India • United Bank of India, Kolkata• District Industries Centre (DIC)

NAIP, Component-IIA value chain on coconut fibre and its byproducts : Manufacture ofdiversified products of higher value and better marketability to enhancethe economic returns of farmers

Dr. G. Bose, Dr. A. N. Roy, Dr. S. Sengupta, Dr. G. Roy, Dr. S. Debnath, Dr. S. K. Chattopadhyay,Dr. K. Rajkumar, Dr. C. J. Thampi & Dr. Satyaraj

Technology refinement and up-gradation in graded and segregated coconut fibre processing to enhanceproductivity and quality of products

To promote production of diversified value added products from Coconut fibre to ensure better returnsfor the farmers.

As the lead centre, the project was coordinated with other Four Consortium Partners (viz., CIRCOT,Mumbai; IRMRA, Thane; Rubber Park and TMNRRDC, Thiruvanatapuram). Two Half-yearly Workshops,two CIC (at Thiruvanantapuram & Mumbai) and two CAC Meetings have been organized within dueperiods. Annual Progress Reports, Contract Register, SOEs, Proceedings of CIC & CAC Meetings, projectextension proposal were prepared and sent to PIU within the stipulated time.

The major achievements of NIRJAFT during the reporting period have been given below.

Development of grading of coconut fibre have been initiated. From the detail investigation through appropriatestatistical tools, (i) strength, (ii) length, (iii) linear density and (iv) defects have been identified as majormeasurable parameters for grading of coconut fibre.

SFAC Agribusiness Camp at NIRJAFT, Kolkata on 13 February 2012

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The structure of unretted Cocos nucifera fibre has been investigated in greater detail through Fourier

transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, X-ray

diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Physical and mechanical properties

(viz. thickness, density, tensile behaviour, bending modulus, electrical resistivity, friction, moisture, surface

appearance) of the fibre have also been evaluated in detail. The morphology of coconut fiber was studied

by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, revealing round with small lumens in the cross-

section and ditches and micro pores filled with waxes and oil in longitudinal view. X-ray crystallinity is

determined to 45%. Infrared spectroscopy reveals presence of large quantity hydroxyl and aldehyde groups.

Thermal analysis indicates presence of cellulose and high lignin content of coconut fiber. Ash content is

1.8% as revealed from thermo-gravimetric analysis. Fats and wax content was measured as 1.03%. Large

diameter (395 micron), low length:

diameter ratio (650) and moderately

high moisture regain (11.7%) indicates

the suitability of producing coarser

textiles from coconut fiber. Coefficients

of friction (0.35 in parallel direction

and 0.3 in perpendicular direction) of

coconut fiber are lower than that of

jute and sisal indicates. Coconut fiber

possesses lower breaking tenacity (11.25

cN/tex), higher breaking extensibility (21.5%), specific work of rupture (13.4 mJ/tex.m), and flexural

modulus (1473 mN-mm2) as compared to jute and sisal. High electrical resistance (4 Ω-kg/m2) of coconut

fiber indicates its suitability for producing insulation materials.

A novel bio-based grass carpet for instant use, having coconut fibre as base material in agro-textiles for

growing plastic-free and soil saving eco-friendly grass carpet has been developed. Instant grass carpet can

be grown within 3-4 months which is transportable and easy to place on soil base. Coconut fibre having

more resistance to degradation by soil imparts the grass carpet sufficient strength for a long period of

time.

An automated flyer-type spinning machine specially designed for coconut fibre has been developed whose

parameters can be changed through programmable logical control without change in gear arrangements

resulting in reduction of downtime, less manpower and higher productivity. A 4-page folder on Automated

Flyer Spinning Machine has been published.

An automated drawing-gilling cum attenuating machine has been developed which is specially designed

for processing of coconut fibres along with jute with appropriate blend ratios. It is driven by three individual

motors through a panel box. Two stages of drawing are achieved in the same machine frame.

Memorandum of understandings have been signed for manufacturing and marketing of (i) automaticflyer spinning machine and (ii) Automated drawing machine for jute-coconut fibre processing with

Automated flyer spinning machine with PLC system

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

B. S. Enterprises, Howrah and Tex(style) India respectively.The machine with programmable logic control mechanismwill reduce the down time, breakages and will require lessmanpower.

Memorandum of understanding has been signed formanufacturing and marketing of Prefabricated grass carpetwith M/s Garden Hut, Kolkata.

The chemical recipe for softening unretted coconut fibre hasbeen optimized using appropriate statistical tool and on the

basis of the work, full and final patent specification has been filed.

Bulk spinning trial was successfully carried out to produce Jute-chemically retted coconut fibre blended (60:40) yarn upto 340tex (as compared to untreated coconut fibre of 415 tex) yarn indeveloped spinning system.

fancy ladies chappal has been successfully developed by a groupof entrepreneurs using ornamental cloth of coconut fibre-juteblending woven in hand-weaving machine fitted with jacquarddesign system. The cloth is much suitable for furnishing materials.

Laboratory rooms renovated: One room have been renovated to set-up a chemical processing laboratoryfor fibre with all necessary furniture, primary accessories, glass-wares, chemicals, etc.

Machine Procured: Development/procurement of the set of spinning system (which includes carding,drawing, spinning and twisting machines) has been completed.

Automated drawing and filling machine

Prefabricated instant grass carpet

Chemical treatment bath

Ornamental fabric and ladies chappal from jute coconut fibre blended yarn

Coconut fibre jute blended yarn after bleachingand dyeing and weaved for carpet making

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NAIP, Component-IIISustainable rural livelihood empowerment project for northerndisadvantaged districts of West Bengal

Dr. S. K. Bhaduri & Dr. S. Debnath

The project work continued in the following three clusters :Cluster I: Itahar Block and Uttar Dinajpur KVK,Cluster II: Dakshin Dinajpur KVK and Cluster III: Malda KVK

In cluster 1, three self help groups of women viz. Ma Lakshmi SHG Mahila Dal, Sripur SGSY Mahila Daland Sripur Rai SGSY mahila Dal comprising 40 members were trained in three training programmes during2011-12 on i) Production of Jute based fabrics by Handloom for making value added products. ii) Jute doormat & handicrafts production iii) jute model production and iv) dyeing jute with natural and synjthetic dyeskin attractive colours in Itahar Block, Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal for their capacity developmentand income generation.

The members of the SHG groups have been weaving of jute door mat of various colourful design and size,which is a common household item with market potential and making attractive jute models which are indemand at home and abroad as decorative item. They are producing jute handicrafts, shopping bags andfancy jute bags with the training and assistance of experts for their skill development. Two sewing machineshave been installed at project site to facilitate their production. The items produced by them are attractivewith good market potential. They are weaving Dokra and fabrics of different types from jute, cotton andtheir blend by handloom for production of value-added products. Cotton napkin, a common householditem of good market potential is being produced by them on handloom.

In Cluster I, a jute grading center with grading instruments have been set up in KVK, Uttar Dinajpur fortraining of jute farmers and other stake-holders in jute grading. The KVK personnel have been trained inmanual and instrumental grading of jute so that the KVK could conduct the grading training programmefor awareness among farmers.

In Cluster II, Banana fibre extraction unit has been installed in KVK, Dakshin Dinajpur so that KVK couldconduct training programme for the farmers on banana fibre extraction from pseudostem. The technologywill open a new source of income to the farmers from a agro-waste material, viz. banana pseudostem. InCluster III, Handmade paper unit machines have been installed at KVK, Malda for production of differenttypes of hand made papers from jute and other textile wastes. The unit will start operation after electric andwater connections.

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Research Advisory Committee Meeting

The XXI meeting of the Research Advisory Committee (RAC) of NIRJAFT was held under the Chairmanshipof Dr. B. C. Mitra, Ex-Director, NIRJAFT on 2 March 2012 at NIRJAFT, Kolkata. Besides that, acombined meeting of RAC with the Chairman and members of QRT was held on 3 March, 2012. Dr.B. C. Mitra Chairman of RAC presided over the RAC meeting and following members and invitees werepresent :

Members

Dr. K. K. Singh, Assistant Director General (PE), ICAR

Dr. K. K. Satapathy, Director, NIRJAFT

Dr. S. Sreenivasan, Ex-Director, CIRCOT

Dr. S. M. Chatterjee, Ex-Vice Chancellor, Bengal Engineering and Science Universities

Prof. A. K. Samanta, Professor , IJT

Shri A. K. Khastagir, Ex-Chairman cum Managing Director, Jute Corporation of India, NationalJute Board

Dr. Sunanda Chanda, Professor, Indian Statistical Institute

Member Secretary

Dr. N. C. Pan, Pr.Scientist

Invitees

Dr. A.J. Shaikh, Director, CIRCOT

Dr. D. Nag, Head, TOT Division

Dr. G. Basu, Head, MP Division

Dr. A.K. Roy, Head, C&BP Division

Dr. S.K. Bhaduri, Head, QEI Division

Dr. P.K. Ganguli, Incharge DDM Section

Dr. M.K. Basak, Incharge PME Cell

All the other scientists from all the divisions and members of PME cell also attended the meeting.

Dr. K.K. Satapathy, Director, NIRJAFT in his inaugural address welcomed the members of RAC and

invitees for the XXI meeting of RAC. He presented the salient achievement of the Institute for the year

2011-12.

Institutional Activities

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The progress of R&D projects carried out during

the reporting period was presented by the Heads

of Divisions and scientists concerned. After all

the presentations and discussions the committee

recommended the following under three major

issues:

Policy issues

There is a shortage of scientific manpower in the institute. Total sanctioned strength of scientists is 44out of which only 50% scientists are in position. The Institute's Research Advisory Committee firmlyrecommends to fill up the vacant scientific posts on urgent basis.

Management issues

Joint RAC meeting between NIRJAFT & CIRCOT may be conducted , whenever required in orderto avoid duplication in the research programs.

IRJAFT should work on cutting-edge technology by making linkage and collaboration with otherinstitutes. Technology transfer activities should be strengthened (Action: Director, NIRJAFT)

R&D issues

A very strong focus should be given in water saving retting technology and their adoption in thefarmer's field.

Eco-mark standards for products and eco-labeling of processes for jute have to be undertaken.Life-cycle analysis (LCA) of jute has to be studied.

Research program on development of eco-friendly functional finishing like fire resistant, waterrepellent and rot resistant jute may be carried out. Environmental issues and safety factors haveto be considered while formulating projects on chemical finishing including nanotechnology.

Textile scientist may be associated in the development of testing instruments in order to make themuser friendly.

Progressive CBR value and traffic load data has to be collected for evaluating the efficiency of jutebased geotextiles for construction of road. Officials may be approached from CRRI and CPWDfor inclusion of geotextiles in the schedule of PWD/CPWD.

Jute-coconut blended geotextiles may be applied for river bank protection. AINP on developmentof site specific geotextile application in collaboration with ICAR institutions and SAUs may beproposed in 12th plan.

Production of ornamental jute fabric in power loom may be taken up.

Jute nonwoven may be evaluated for its efficacy for sound insulation property may be consideredas star project.

I N S T I T U T I O N A L A C T I V I T I E S

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Techno-economic viability of different types of paper made out of jute has to be collated andpresented to enable commercialization. Sunnhemp & banana fibres may be tried as raw materialfor making hand made paper.

Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of natural dyes on jute textiles has to be measured. (Action:NIRJAFT)

Optimum twist factor for fine jute yarn has to be measured in the modified apron draft spinningmachine.

Research program on coating on flexible jute textiles materials may be considered.

The meeting ended with a vote of thanks to the chair.

Institute Research Committee Meeting

The Institute Research Committee Meeting of NIRJAFT was held on 8 & 9 September 2011 under the

chairmanship of Dr K K Satapathy, Director, NIRJAFT. Dr. K. K. Singh, ADG(PE), ICAR; Dr. B. C.

Mitra, Chairman, RAC, NIRJAFT; Dr. B. S. Mahapatra, Director, CRIJAF; Prof. A. K. Samanta, IJT;

Prof. S Chanda, 1SI; Dr. K. Chakraborty; Dr. T. K.. Guharoy, Consultant; Mr. I. J. Sharma, Consultant,

Gloster Jute Company Pvt., Ltd.; Mr. R. C. Saboo, Director(Technical) Reliance Jute Mills were present

along with the scientists and technical officers of NIRJAFT to review the R & D activities of the institute.

The meeting was initiated by Dr M K Basak, Incharge PME Cell and was followed by the welcome address

of Dr K K Satapathy, Director, NIRJAFT. He emphasized on monitoring of R&D projects, timely submission

of RPFs and said that the percentage contribution of a scientist in a project should not be less than 25.

He explained briefly about the achievements made during XIth plan period.

Principal Investigators of all the ongoing projects presented the progress report of their individual projects

through power-point presentation. The members present in the meeting took keen interest in reviewing

the progress of work done during last six months and put forward their suggestions and comments about

the work already done and also the work to be taken up in the future. Lively discussions were held on

both the days. In total twenty two ongoing projects were discussed and three new proposals were presented.

Institute Management Committee Meeting

The 63rd meeting of Institute Management Committee was held at the institute on 14th February, 2012under the Chairmanship of Dr. K. K. Satapathy, Director of the institute. The discussion was held on theagendas like : Confirmation of the proceedings of the 62 IMC Meeting held on 15.2.2011; Action takenreport on the recommendation of the 62 IMC meeting; Presentation by Dr. Goutam Roy, Pr. Scientiston the instruments developed by him; Constitution of Institute Grievance Cell; Condemnation of vehicle;Major works to be undertaken during 2012-13; Proposal for modification of cadre strength of the institute;Settlement of audit objections and finally Brief report by F&AO on utilization of fund for 2011-12 upto31.1.2012. The committee considered the proposals & reports and recommended for further necessaryactions.

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Quinquennial Review Team (QRT) Meeting

The Director General, ICAR constituted a Quinquennial Review Team (QRT) to review the work of

NIRJAFT, Kolkata for the period 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2012.

The composition of QRT :

Dr. Prabir Kumar Banerjee Ex-Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Chairman

Delhi & Ex-Director, Indian Jute Industries'

Research Association (IJIRA), Kolkata

Dr. T K Guha Roy Ex-Deputy Director & Head, Chemical Member

Processing Division, IJIRA, Kolkata

Dr. D Sur Ex-Senior Deputy Director & Head, Member

Physics Division, IJIRA, Kolkata

Dr. K Chakrabarti Associate Professor, Agricultural Chemistry Member

and Soil Science, Institute of Agricultural

Science, University of Calcutta

Dr. P G Patil Head, Transfer of Technology Division, Member

CIRCOT, Mumbai

Dr. S N Chattopadhyay Principal Scientist, NIRJAFT Member-Secretary

After the first introductory meeting held in New Delhi on 29th July, 2011 in the office of Dr. M. M.

Pandey, DDG (Engg), several meetings were held in the premises of NIRJAFT on the following dates.

9 Dec, 2011 — Planning meeting

31 Jan, 2012 — Meeting with the

scientists of Mechanical

Processing Division and

Transfer of Technology

Division of NIRJAFT

9 Feb, 2012 — Meeting with the

scientists of Quality

Evaluation and Improvement Division and Chemical & Biochemical Processing

Division of NIRJAFT

1 Mar, 2012 — Meeting with representatives from jute decentralized sector and with officials

from different govt. agencies dealing with jute

3 Mar, 2012 — Interaction with RAC members, interaction with different level of staffs of

NIRJAFT and meeting with representatives from jute organized sector.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

84

A close and continuous dialogue during this period between members of the QRT contributed to objectivelyanalyzing the complex multidimensional profile of NIRJAFT and converging to specific inferences.

After reviewing the performance of NIRJAFT during the period 2007-2012 through series of meetingswith diverse groups of people directly or indirectly involved in functioning and/or outcome of NIRJAFTand processing volumes of document the team has recommended steps for improvement taking intoaccount the rapidly changing socio-economic milieu in which such an institute has to function in moderntimes.

Institute Joint Council Meeting

Two meetings of the Institute Joint Council were held with Dr K K Satapathy, Director, NIRJAFT, inthe chair. The first meeting was held on 6th July 2011. The discussion was initiated with the action takenreport of the last IJC meeting, which was read out by Dr N C Pan, the Member Secretary and was passedunanimously. Thereafter discussion was held on five agenda items viz. renovation of office room of IJC,recruitment of skilled support staff, filling up of the resultant vacancies in administration, nomination ofhigher officials of administrations in various committees like guest house, security/scavenging, sports,vehicle, garden beautification etc. and payment of DA advance along with TA advance against the existingsystem of payment of train fare only. The meeting concluded with a vote of thanks to the chair.

The second meeting was held on 16 January 2012. The agenda items discussed included (i) ReservationRoster should be visible to representative of IJC as & when required, (ii) Provision of giving honorariumto administrative personnel for providing services to the externally funded project, (iii) Appointment for candidates in compassionate ground eligible in various externally funded projects, (iv) Constitution ofInstitute Grievance Committee, (v) Internal transfer of administrative staff, (vi) Hiring of vehicles fromoutside, (vii) IJC representative's visit to head quarter/CJSC regarding the issue of Shri T K Ghosh, (viii)Release of scooter/computer loan for the eligible staff and (ix) A separate office room for the IJC. Themeeting ended with a vote of thanks to the chair.

Hindi Cell Activities

Four Hindi Training-cum-Workshops were organized on 21/05/2011, 22/08/2011, 05/11/2011 and18/02/2012 to promote the fluency in use of Hindi language in the official work. During the workshopthe staff member were trained in Hindi for official noting and drafting.

Four meetings of Official Language Implementation Committee were held on 01/07/2011, 10/10/2011,12/01/2012 and on 02.04.2012 under the chairmanship of Dr. K.K. Satapathy, Director, NIRJAFTto review the progress of Hindi in official work.

Hindi week celebration was observed in the institute during 14-22 September, 2011. During this periodan essay writing competition on “Anna Hazare Civil Agitation And Lokpal Bill” on 14th September, 2011and a noting, drafting and word meaning competition was organized on 15th September, 2011 amongthe staff members of the institute. Participants who acquired 1st, 2nd and 3rd position were awarded

85


prizes and consolation prizes were distributed among theremaining participants. Hindi week closing celebrationheld on 22nd September, 2011 under the chairmanshipof Dr.K.K. Satapathy, Director, NIRJAFT. Prof. Anil PrakashSharma, Director, Central Inland Fishries Research Institute,Barrackpore graced the occasion as Chief Guest. Welcomeaddress was given by Sri R.D. Sharma, Asstt. Director (O.L.).

The programme was started with the opening song sung by Mr. Swapan Kr. Sinha, Assistant and ShriR.D. Sharma recited a satire poetry. Prof. A.P. Sharma in his key speech suggested to use Hindi as alanguage of communication and steps are to be taken to impart Hindi Knowledge to all at the primarylevel . Director Dr.K.K. Satapathy in his presidential address said that Official Language Hindi is prideof our country and it has importance as our National Flag and National Song. He also expressed thatto perfom the works in bilingual form viz Hindi-English is not only the duty of Hindi Cell but also it isa constitutional responsibility of each employee that they should render their official works originally inHindi to the maximum extend. Shri R.K. Shaw, UDCprovided technical support to organize the progamme. Theprogramme ended with a resolution for making full effortsto increase the use of Hindi in administration and researchwork. Sri K.L. Ahirwar, Technical Officer offered a vote ofthanks at the end of the programme.

SeminarDate Name of the speaker Subject

01/04/2011 Dr. S. Banik A model for bringing sustainable development in protein deficiency among rural people of Andamanand Nicobar Islands by adopting a novel mushroomcultivation technology

04/04/2011 Dr. Vishwajeet Navik Medicine Free Life & Stress Management Malvi,& Dr. Sheetal Sanjeevni Group, Bangalore

08/04/2011 Dr. P. K. Ganguly Composites based on jute & allied fibre : some basic considerations

28/04/2011 Shri S. Das Knowledge Management for Jute

08/07/2011 Dr. S. C. Saha Jute fibre quality & grading

15/07/2011 Dr. S. K. Dey Perspective uses of ramie jute

20/07/2011 Mohit Sinha, Emeritus Paper from whole jute plantScientist, CRIJAF

29/07/2011 Dr. L. Ammayappan Value addition of jute textiles by different chemical treatments

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

05/08/2011 Tapobrata Sanyal, Jute geo textilesChief Consultant,National Jute Board

24/08/2011 Dr. S. K. Naskar, Director, Possibilities of making particle board fromCTCRI, Thiruvanantha- cassava stalkspuram, Kerala

02/09/2011 Shri R. D. Sharma, Unicode EncodingAssistant Director (OL)

15/09/2011 Dr. R. Ramani, Director, Collaboration between IINRG & NIRJAFT on frontierIINRG, Ranchi areas of research

10/10/2011 Dr. G. Roy, P.S., Electronic Instrumentation for Jute & Allied Fibre :QE&I Division A Step towards Prosperous India

25/10/2011 Dr. D. Nag, P.S., Transfer of Technology vis-à-vis HOD, TOT Business Incubation

01/11/2011 L. Ammayappan, Senior Handle properties of jute basedScientist & Ms. Leena fabric treated with different chemicalMishra, Senior Research finishing and Engineering compositeFellow, MP Division structured of natural fibre based

geotextile for stabilizing of earthen river embankment

18/11/2011 Dr. L. K. Nayak, Senior Utilization of Jute BiomassScientist, TOT Division for Energy generation

25/11/2011 Dr. S. Dennath, Senior Modification of jute spinningScietist, MP Division machinery

27/01/2012 Dr. A. K. Roy, P.S., HOD, A comparative study of differentCBP Division pulping methods on jute and allied

fibres for making value added handmade paper

27/01/2012 Sk. Md. Jaheer Abbas, Automated flyer spinning machineSenior Research Fellow, for jute-coconut fibre blends andNAIP-II all jute yarns

03/02/2012 Dr. D. P. Ray, Sr.Scientist, Eco-friendly processing of jute fibreQE&I Division for production of food grade jute

products

Date Name of the speaker Subject

87


03/02/2012 Dr. S. Saha, Technical Jute fibre quality & user friendly

Officer, QE&I Division grading system

10/02/2012 Dr. N. C. Pan, Principal Application of biotechnology in theScientist, C&BP Division colouration of jute fabric

10/02/2012 Dr. R. Naiya, In-Charge, Information seeking behaviour ofLibrary research workers in agricultural field

of West Bengal : A case study

16/02/2012 Dr. Gautam Roy, Principal Automatic grading system of juteScientist, QE&I Division fibre: A new attempt

16/02/2012 Ms. Leena Mishra, Sr. Composite-structured geotextilesResearch Fellow, for stabilization of earthen riverMP Division embankment

16/02/2012 Ms. Sangita Sikdar, Sr. Jute based needle punched non-Research Fellow, woven in technical textileMP Division

24/02/2012 Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyay, Dyeing of jute fabric using naturalPrincipal Scientist, dyes with improved fastnessC&BP Division properties

24/02/2012 Shri S. Das, Scientist National Knowledge Network(SS), TOT Division

Training/Workshop/Demonstration Programme organized

Two Training Programs on “Improved Technologies for production of good quality jute fibre” for25 farmers sponsored by NABARD during 25-30 July, and for 20 farmers sponsored by ATMA,Bihar during 9-12 August, 2011

Training on “Jute based entrepreneur development on jute stick particle board production”, sponsoredby NABARD, during 1-6 August 2011 and 13 entrepreneurs participated in the programme

Training on “Jute based entrepreneur development on handmade paper from jute waste” sponsoredby NABARD during 5-9 September 2011 and 20 entrepreneurs participated in the programme.

Training on “Eco-friendly bleaching and dyeing of jute” sponsored by Traidcraft Exchange (UK)and Margdarshak Development Services during 17-21 October 2011 and 16 trainees attended theprogramme.

Two Training Programs on “Extraction and utilization of banana fibre” sponsored by NABARDfor 60 farmers from Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, UP, MP, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Chhatrisgarhin two batches during June 27- July, 02 and 13-17 Dec, 2011

Date Name of the speaker Subject

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Three training programmes on i) Production of Jute based fabrics by Handloom for making value

added products. ii) Jute door mat & handicrafts production and iii) jute model production were

conducted in 2011 for 40 farmer women of three SHGs in Itahar Block, Uttar Dinajpur district,

West Bengal under NAIP (Comp III) project for their capacity development and income generation..

Three training programmes on “Jute handicrafts” during 1-30 Sept., 1-31 Oct. and 1-30 Nov., 2011

with 10 participants in each programme sponsored by DC (Handicrafts), Min. of Textiles, Govt.

of India

Three training programmes on “Soft luggage” during 1-31 Dec. 2011, 1- 31 Jan. and 1- 29 Feb.

2012 with 10 participants in each programme sponsored by DC (Handicrafts), Min. of Textiles,

Govt. of India

Training Programme on 'Jute slippers” during 1-31 March 2012 with 10 participants sponsored

by DC (Handicrafts), Min. of Textiles, Govt. of India

Training Programme on Jute Bag, Jute Handicrafts & Jute Chappal (Slipper)” during 15 Feb.-17

March 2012 with 15 participants sponsored by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. under CSR

activities.

Five training cum workshop, each of five days duration, on “Weaving of Ornamental Jute Fabric

in Handloom” for handloom weavers at Cluster Development Agency, Suksagar Road Palpara

Vivekanand Mission, Palpara, Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal from 3-7 June 2011; at Arun Kutir

Udyog Co-operative Society, a Jute Diversification Support Centre, Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh from

20-24 June 2011; at Ramkrishna Mission Pallimangal, Kamarpukur, Hooghly, West Bengal from

23-27 August 2011; at vil. - Kute, Block - Ormanjhi, Dist. - Ranchi, in association with Chotonagpur

Craft Development Society, Hawai Nagar, Ranchi, Jharkhand from 16-20 November 2011; at Vil.

- Jagannathpur, Dist. - Jagatsinghapur, Orissa in association with Rural Organisation for Social

Action (ROSA), Cuttack, Orissa from 20-24 December 2011.

6th Half-yearly Workshop of Consortium Advisory Committee (CAC) of NAIP, Comp-II at CTCRI,

Coimbatore from 27-28 September 2011

Workshop on “Standardization of jute grading system-an urgent need” with stakeholders on

21 February 2012.

7th Half-yearly Workshop of Consortium Advisory Committee (CAC) of NAIP, Comp-II at CIRCOT,

Mumbai from 15-16 March, 2012

Training cum workshop of five days duration, on “Designing of Ornamental Jute Fabric” for

handloom weavers at NIRJAFT, Kolkata from 26-30 March 2012.

Field Demonstration-cum-Training Programme on Ribboning and NIRJAFT Accelerated Jute

Retting Technology for Mesta in Nov., 2011 under Mini Mission III Programme of Jute Technology

Mission at 3 JCI centres of Andhra Pradesh in which about 300 farmers participated.

89

Human Resource Development

Subject Organised by Date Participants0

Short Course on Hyperspectral Division of Agricultural 2-11 August Dr. B. Saha

Remote Sensing for Agriculture Physics at IARI, 2011

sponsored by Department of New Delhi

Science & Technology

One Week Training Programme IIP, Kolkata 19-23 Sept. Dr. A. K. Roy

on Testing and Evaluation of 2011 Dr. L. K. Nayak

Packaging materials & Packages

International Training Programme Oklahoma City, USA 3-5 October Dr. D. Nag

entitled “21st Fall Training Institute 2011

Programme” organized by National

Business Incubators Association

(NBIA), Athens, Ohio, USA.

Refresher Course on Agricultural NAARM, Hyderabad 3-23 Nov. Dr. D. P. Roy

Research Management for Newly 2011

recruited Senior/Principal

Scientists of no-ARS stream

Junior level supervisory course IJT, Kolkata 8 January - Shri S. Pal

on Maintenance of Jute Mill 8 April 2012

Machinery.

Attachment training (3 months) Department of Jute 12 March Shri N. Kundu

for newly joined agriculture & Fibre Technology, 2012 - 16

research scientist University of Kolkata June 2012

Attachment training (3 months) CIRCOT, Mumbai 12 March Shri P. Y. Verma

for newly joined agriculture 2012 - 16

research scientist June 2012

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Seminar/Conference/Workshop/Meeting AttendedSubject Venue Date Participants

ICAR Industry Meet of the Zonal NIRJAFT, Kolkata 1-2 April, Dr. S. B. RoyTechnology Management & 2011Business Planning and Develop-ment (ZTM & BPD) Units

National Seminar on Information CGCRI, Kolkata 6-7 May, 2011 Dr. L. K. Nayakand Knowledge Dissemination : Shri S. DasPresent Status ad Future Directionorganized by CGCRI (CSIR),Kolkata

Brain storming workshop on CRIJAF, Barrackpore, 6 May, 2011 Dr. S. K. Bhaduri“Jute & Allied Fibres” to chalk West Bengal Dr. D. Nagout developmental strategy during 12th. Plan period organized byDirectorate of Jute Development,Govt. of India

Seminar on Thermo Scientific New Kenilworth 16-18 May, Dr. S. K. BhaduriAnalytical Technologies & Solutions Hotel, Kolkata 2011 Dr. D. P. Ray organized by Thermo-FischerIndia Pvt. Ltd.

ICAR-Industry Meet 2011 organized National Agricultural 23 May, 2011 Dr. S. B. Royin partnership with Confederation of Science Centre (NASC)Indian Industry (CII) to ensure Complex, Dev Prakashgreater industry participation. Shastri Marg, Pusa,

New Delhi

4th. Project Management CRIJAF, Barrackpore, 26 May, 2011 Dr. D. NagCommittee Meeting on W.B. Dr. S. K. BhaduriTechnology Mission on Jute(Mini Mission-I), organizedby National Jute Board, Kolkata

Meeting on jute goods production Kolkata 9 June, 2011 Dr. S. Sengupta(working group III) for XIIth5 year plan organised by IndianJute Mills Association.

91

S E M I N A R / C O N F E R E N C E / W O R K S H O P / M E E T I N G A T T E N D E D

Subject Venue Date Participants

Meeting of Retting and Production JCI, Kolkata 10 June, 2011 Dr. S. K. Bhadurisub group on jute

Meeting Cum Workshop on CIAE,Bhopal 14-15 June, Dr A K Roy‘Towards more effective role of 2011 Dr. B. SahaHeads of Divisions and RegionalStations of ICAR Institutes’

Lecture of meet Science, Institution of Engineers 25 June, 2011 Shri S. DasTechnology & Swami Vivekanadah, (India), Kolkataorganized by Computer EngineeringDivision, West Bengal State Centre,the Institution of Engineers (India)

Meeting of Planning CommissionSub Group on agriculture Kolkata 11 July, 2011 Dr. S. K. Bhaduri

Seminar on Paper from whole CRIJAF, Barrackpore, 20 July, 2011 Dr. D. P. RayJute Plant delivered by Dr. Mohit KolkataKumar Sinha, Emeritus Scientist,CRIJAF, Barrackpore

Seminar on Wet Chemistry Hotel Hindustan 23 August, Dr. D. P. RayAutomation & TOC/TN Analysis International, Kolkata 2011in water/plant/soil samples costeffective using Auto Analysisfrom Skalar

Meeting on reconstructed NJB, Kolkata 24 August, Dr. S. Senguptatechnology up gradation fund 2011scheme organised by IndianJute Mills Association

39th Meeting of Kolkata Town Geological Survey of 25 August, Shri R.D. SharmaOfficial Language Implementation India, Kolkata 2011 Shri K.L. AhirwarCommittee (Central Offices)

Institute Technology Management ICAR Research 18-22 Septem- Dr. S. B. RoyCommittee (ITMC) and technology Complex for ber, 2011valuation meeting NEH Region

92

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2


Workshop of Climate Platform CRIDA, Hyderabad 19-20 Septem- Dr. B. Sahaand presentation of research project ber, 2011proposal

Seminar on Latest development Dept. of Jute and 24 September, Dr. N. C. Panand trends in eco-fashion apparels Fibre Technology, 2011 Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyayorganized by The Textile Associa- University oftion (India), West Bengal Unit. Calcutta, Kolkata

Mid-term review of action points CIFRI, Barrackpore, 24 September, Dr. D. Nagof XX meeting of ICAR Regional W.B. 2011 Dr. A. N. RoyCommittee-II, organized by ICAR

6th Half-yearly Consortium CTCRI, Coimbatore 27-28 Sept., Dr. G. BasuImplementation Committee 2011 Ms. L. Mishrameeting of NAIP, Component-II

Workshop of Water paltform NBFGR, Lucknow 18-19 October, Dr. B. Sahaand presentation of research project 2011proposal

CAC meeting of NAIP, UBKV, W. Bengal 22 October, Dr. S. K. BhaduriComponent III Project 2011

Meeting on technology valuation IINRG, Ranchi 8 November, Dr. S. B. Royof commercializable technologies 2011 Shri B. Sarkardeveloped by respective institutes ICAR Research 9 November, Dr. S. B. Royunder ZTM & BPD Unit- Complex for Eastern 2011 Shri B. SarkarNIRJAFT Region

Seminar of technology transfer Hotel Stadel, Salt Lake 8-9 November, Dr. S. Senguptaand design dissemination- Kolkata 2011 Dr. S. Debnathcum BSM organised by NationalJute Board, Ministry of Textiles,Govt of India

Review Workshop of NAIP-1 NASC Complex, 15-16 Novem- Dr. D. Nagsub-projects ICAR, New Delhi ber, 2011

Seminar on HPLC / UHPLC New Kenilworth 22 November, Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyayorganized by Dionex (India) Pvt. Hotel, Kolkata 2011 Dr. N. C. PanLtd, Mumbai

93

S E M I N A R / C O N F E R E N C E / W O R K S H O P / M E E T I N G A T T E N D E D


ICAR-NAIP Interaction meet NASC Complex, 28-30 Novem- Dr. S. B. Roywith scientists trained abroad ICAR, New Delhi ber, 2011in frontier areas of agriculturalSciences

Seminar on Library Connect Grand Hotel, Kolkata 30 November, Shri S. Dasorganized by Elsevier 2011 Mrs. R. Naiya

Two days Workshop cum Byers'- Hotel Stadel, Salt Lake, 7-8 December, Dr. A. N. RoySellers' meet organized by National Kolkata 2011Jute Board

SAS installation workshop -II DWM, Bhubaneswar 8-9 December, Shri S. Dasunder strengthening statistical 2011computing for NARS

International Conference on Kumaraguru College 15-17 Decem- Dr. L. AmmayappanATNT 2011 of Technology, ber, 2011

Coimbatore

26th Indian Engineering Congress Palace Ground, 15-18 Decem- Dr. L. K. Nayakorganized by The Institution of Bangalore ber, 2011Engineers (India).

16th Meeting of Textile Division Bureau of Indian 20 December, Dr. S. DebnathCouncil Standards (BIS), 2011

New Delhi - 110002

Inauguration of Punarsar Jute Park Purnea, Bihar 5 January, Dr. L. K. Nayak2012 Dr. S. B. Roy

Microsoft organised Techvista Science City, 20 January, Dr. B. Sahaprogramme on Application of Kolkata 2012 Shri S. DasInformation Technologies invarious fields

40th Meeting of Kolkata Town Geological Survey of 2 February, Shri R.D. SharmaOfficial Language Implementation India, Kolkata 2012 Shri K.L. AhirwarCommittee (Central Offices)

Workshop on HYPM on-line system, DWM, ICAR, 6 February Mrs. P. R. Ghatakconducted by Dr. R. C. Goyel, Bhubaneswar 2012Principal Scientist, IASRI, ICAR

NIABI 2012, 2nd Global Agri- IARI Auditorium, 6-8 February, Dr. D. NagBusiness Incubation Conference PUSA Campus, 2012 Dr. S. B. Royjointly organised by ICAR-NAIP New Delhi& ICRISAT

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2


World Bank Audit of NAIP Krishi Anusandhan 13 February Dr. D. P. RayComponent -III Project Bhavan-II, New Delhi 2012

All India seminar on Innovation The Institution of 17-18 February Dr. G. Royand Emerging Trends of Jute, Textile Engineers, Kolkata 2012 Dr. S. Senguptaand Garment Products organized Dr. S. Debnathby The Institution of Engineers Dr. S. C. Saha(W.B. Unit) in collaboration withNational Jute Board, Ministryof Textiles

Workshop on Project Proposal NAARM, Hyderabad 20-23 February Dr. D. P. Raydevelopment at National Academy 2012 Dr. L. Ammayappanof Agricultural Research Manage-ment (NAARM), Hyderabad

RFD workshop organised by IASRI, ICAR 24 February Dr. M. K. BasakAgricultural Engineering Division, 2012 Mrs. P. R. GhatakICAR

Technological conference on Trends Dept. of Jute and 10 March Dr. S. Senguptain Textiles organized by The Textile Fibre Technology, 2012 Dr. N. C. PanAssociation (I), WB Centre. University of Calcutta Dr. S.N. Chattopadhyay

Global Conference on Women in NASC Complex, 13-15 March Dr. D. NagAgriculture, organized by ICAR ICAR, New Delhi 2012and Asia-Pacific Association ofAgricultural Research Institutions(APAARI)

7th Half-yearly Consortium CIRCOT, Mumbai 15-16 March, Dr. G. BasuImplementation Committee 2012 Ms. L. Mishra meeting of NAIP, Component-II

Seminar on Protective Agrotextiles - IJIRA, Kolkata 22 March, Dr. S. SenguptaAdvantages & Future Prospects 2012organised by SASMIRA & Officeof Textile Commissioner inassociation with IJIRA and BCKV

National Knowledge Network ISI, Kolkata 28 March, Shri S. Das(NKN) workshop 2012

Buyer Seller Meet on agricultural FICCI House, 29 March, Dr. S. Senguptatextiles organized by Ministry of New Delhi 2012 Dr. S. N. ChattopadhyayTextiles in collaboration of FICCI.

95

Paper Published

Indian Journals

Ammayappan, L., & Gupta, N. P. (2011) A study on the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on physio-chemical and mechanical properties of woolen yarn. Manmade Textiles in India. 54 (7) : 244-248

Ammayappan, L., Nayak, L. K., Ray, D. P. & Basu, G. (2012) Plasma treatments on textiles - areview. Asian Dyer. 8 (6) : 34-40

Ammayappan, L., Shakyawar, D. B., Krofa, D., Pareek, P. K., & Basu, G. (2011) Value additionof pashmina products: present status and future perspectives-a review. Agricultural Reviews.32 (2) : 91 - 101

Ammayappan, L., Nayak, L. K., Ray, D. P. & Basu, G. (2012) Role of quality attributes of indian

wool in performance of woolen product: present status and future perspectives- a review. Agricultural

Reviews. 33 (1) : 37-45

Banik, S., Nag, D. & Debnath, S. (2011) Utilization of pineapple leaf agro-waste for extraction of

fibre and the residual biomass for vermicomposting. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research.

June, 36 : 172-177

Das, S., Nag, D & Nayak, L.K. (2012) Jute Portal : An innovative approach for knowledge

management. International Journal of Information & Computing Sciences. 15 : 25-28

Das, S. & Nayak, L. K. (2011) Development of an information system for jute. International Journal

of Information & Computing Sciences. 14 (2) : 49-52

Debnath, S. & Madhusoothanan, M. (2011) Thermal resistance and air permeability of jute-

polypropylene blended needle-punched nonwoven. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research.

36 (2) : 122-131

Islam, A., Sikka, A. K., Saha, B. & Singh, A. (2012) Streamflow response to climate change in the

Brahmani river basin, India. Water Resources Management. 26 (6) : 1409-1424

Majumder, K. & Ray, D. P. (2011) Release of potassium from soil mica through abiotic and biotic

means : A Review. Journal of Interacademicia. 15(3) : 493-503

Nayak, L. K., Roy, A. K., & Das, S. (2011) Some characteristics of jute caddis with reference tobriquetting and gasification. Journal of Indian Chemical Society. April, 88 : 599-601

Publication

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A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Nayak, L. K. (2011) Effect of temperature and relative humidity on equilibrium moisture contentof paddy, brown rice and milled rice. Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research.28 (2) : 19-21

Nayak, L. K. & Basak, M. K. (2012) Studies on characteristics of palm seed fibre : An agro-wastefor application in textile & non textile sectors. Journal of Indian Chemical Society. 89 : 573-575

Nayak, L. K., Mojumder, P. & Bhaduri, S. K. (2011) FTIR, XRD and SEM studies on Sugar Palm(Borassus flabellifer L.) seed fibre. Journal of Indian Chemical Society. 88 : 583-585

Nayak, L. K. & Majumder, A. K. (2011) Evaluation of jute-fibre based wetted pads in evaporativecooling operations. Journal of Indian Chemical Society. 88 : 1619-1623

Nayak, L. K., Nag, D., Das, S., Ray, D. P. & Ammayappan, L. (2011) Utilization of sisal fibre(Agave Sisalana L.). Agricultural Reviews. 32 (2) : 150-152

Nayak, L. K., Pandey, H., Ammayappan, L. & Ray, D. P. (2011) Genetically modified crops - AReview. Agricultural Reviews. 32 (2) : 112-119

Nayak, L.K. & Jha, S.N. (2012) Performance evaluation of jute fibre based pads in evaporativelycooled storage structure. Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research. 29 (2) : 43-46

Nayak, L. K. & Samuel, D. V. K (2011) Process optimization for instant pigeon-pea (Cajanus cajanL.) dal using sodium bi-carbonate pretreatment. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences.7 (2) : 312-315

Nayak, L. K. & Samuel, D. V. K (2012) Influence of packaging materials on lipid oxidation ofinstant dal. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 8 (1) : 29-32

Pan, N. C., Chattopadhyay, S. N. & Roy, A. K. (2011) Application of biotechnology in juteprocessing. New Cloth Market Journal. 25 (9) : 37-38

Raja, A. S. M., Ammayappan, L., Shakyawar, D. B., Gupta, N. P. (2011) Production and performanceof angora rabbit hair- Bharat merino wool blended shawls. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants.17 (1) : 79-82

Ray, D. P., Bhaduri, S. K., Nayak, L. K., Ammayappan, L., Manna, K. & Das, K. (2011) Utilizationand value addition of banana fibre- a review. Agricultural Reviews. 33 (1) : 46-53

Roy, A. K. & Chattopadhyay, S. N. (2011) Eco-friendly pulping of jute. IPPTA Journal.23 (2) : 197-199

Sen, U., & Ghosh, A.K. (2011) Changes in potassium forms clay, selt, mineralogy brought aboutby intensive cropping. Clay Research. 30(1) : 29-41

Sen, D., Ray, D. P. & Kumar, N. (2011) Commercial cultivation of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin)

(Blanco) Benth., and its economic analysis. Journal of Interacademicia. 15 (3) : 504-511

97

Sengupta, S. (2012) Electrical resistance of jute fabrics. Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research.

37 (1) : 55-59

Sengupta, S., Debnath, S., Mondal, Saha, J., Ghosh, B. & Satapathy, K. K. (2011) Jute based

nonwoven in technical textiles. e-journal (http://www.technicaltextile.net/articles,) 12 May

Shakyawar, D. B., Raja, A. S. M., Gupta, N. P. & Ammayappan, L. (2011) Development of magra

wool - nylon blended hand knotted carpets. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants. 17 (2): 207-209

Temani, P, Shakyawar, D. B., Ammayappan, L., Goyal, V., & Wani, S. A. (2011) Standardization

of dyeing condition of cochineal extract on pashmina yarn. Journal of the Textile Association.

72 (2) : 96-98

Foreign Journals

Ammayappan, L., Jeyakodi Moses, J., Asok Senthil, K. & Jimmy K. C. Lam. (2011) Effect of alkaline

and neutral protease enzyme pretreatment followed by finishing treatments on performance properties

of wool/cotton union fabric: A comparative study. Journal of Natural Fibers. 8 (4) : 272-288

Ammayappan, L.,_Shakyawar,_D. B. & Gupta,_N. P. (2011) Optimization of dyeing condition for

wool/ cotton union fabric with direct dye using Box-Behnken Design. Fibres and Polymers.

12 (7) : 957-962

Basu, G., Roy, A. N. Satapathy, K. K., Abbas, Sk. Md. J., Mishra, L. & Chakraborty, R. (2012)

Potentiality for value-added textile use of indian sisal. Industrial Crops and Products. 36 : 33-40

Debnath, S. & Madhusoothanan, M. (2011) Compression behaviour of jute-polypropylene blended

needle-punched nonwoven under wet condition. The Journal of The Textile Institute. September,

DOI:10.1080/00405000.2011.592662

Debnath, S. & Madhusoothanan, M. (2011) Studies on compression properties of polyester needle-

punched nonwoven fabrics under dry and wet conditions. Journal of Industrial Textiles. August,

DOI: 10.1177/1528083711416394

Nayak, L. K., Ammayappan, L. & Ray, D. P. (2012) Conversion of jute caddies (jute mill waste)

into value added products - a review. Asian Journal of Textile. 2 (1) : 1-5

Pan, N. C., Chattopadhyay, S. N., Roy, A. K., Patra, K. & Khan, A. (2011) Application of biotechnology

in the coloration of jute fabric. International Dyer. 196 (9) : 13-16

Vigneshwaran, N., Ammayappan, L., & Huang, Q. (2011) Effect of gum arabic on distribution

behavior of nanocellulose fillers in starch film. Applied Nanoscience. 1(3) : 137-142

P U B L I C A T I O N

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Paper presented in seminar/conference/workshop & lecture delivered

Ammayappan, L., Debnath, S. & Sengupta, S., Handle properties of jute based fabric finished with

different finishing formulations. International Conference on 'Advances in Textiles, Machinery,

Nonwoven and Technical Textiles, 15 – 17 December 2011, organized by Department of Textile

& Fashion Technology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore - 641 049, Tamilnadu,India, pp. 53.

Ammayappan, L., Nayak, L. K., Ray, D. P. & Basu, G., An overview of conservation of thermalenergy in textile wet processing. 25th National Convention of Agricultural Engineers and NationalSeminar on “Advances in use of Non-conventional energy sources for agriculture, fisheries andrural development”, 19-20 January 2012 organized by The institution of Enginees (India), WestBengal State Centre.

Bhaduri , S. K., Potential natural fibres in sustainable rural livelihood empowerment in the seminaron environment and green technology organized by Science Association of Bengal on WorldEnvironment Day, 5 June 2011 at Jadavpur University

Bhaduri, S. K., lecture delivered on Jute - present problems and prospects in the Late Dr. T GhoshBirth Anniversary Celebration at Ballygunge Science College, Calcutta University on 4 February2012.

Bhaduri, S. K., lecture delivered on ‘Water-saving and accelerated jute retting technology’ to StateAgricultural Officers of West Bengal Govt. at Howrah under MM II Programme of Jute TechnologyMission on 17 February 2012.

Bhaduri, S. K., lecture delivered on ‘Water-saving and accelerated jute retting technology’ to StateAgricultural Officers of West Bengal Govt. at Barasat, 24-Parganas (N) on 24 February 2012.

Basu, G., Roy, A. N., Novel natural fibre-based composite-structured geotextiles for protection ofriver-bank - A case study. The seminar “Geosynthetics India' 11”, organized by Indian Chapter ofInternational Geosynthetic Society & Central Board of Irrigation and Power, at IIT, Madras on23-24 September 2011, p 48-59.

Basu, G., Engineering of natural fibre-based composite structured geotextiles for stabilization ofearthen river embankment. 26th Engineering Congress 2011 organized by Institution of Engineers(India) at Bangalore on 15-18 December 2011.

Basu, G., Roy, A. N., Abbas, Sk. Md. J., Chakraborty, R. & Mishra, L., Composite structuredgeotextiles for stabilization of earthen embankment. All India Seminar on 'Innovation and EmergingTrends of Jute, Textile and Garment Products' organized by the Institution of Engineers W.B. Unit,Kolkata on 17-18 February 2012.

Das, S., Nag, D. & Nayak, L. K., Jute Portal : An innovative approach for knowledge management.Poster presented in the International conference on Innovative Approaches for Agricultural KnowledgeManagement: Global Extension Experiences at National Agricultural Science Centre Complex,New Delhi organized by International Society of Extension Education, India on 9-12 November,2011.

99


Das, S., Nayak, L. K. & Kaur, G., Knowledge management for jute. National Seminar on Informationand Knowledge Dissemination organized by Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute, Kolkataduring 6-7 May, 2011 at CGCRI Complex, Kolkata.

Dey, S. K., Jadav, R. K. Bhowmick, M. & Chattopadhyay, S. K., Gharsan katwai dwara taknakibastra ka liya kapas ke sath naisargic rasho se samagra dhago ka utpadan. National Seminar onModern Developments on Natural Fibre, organised by Central Institute of Research on CottonTechnology, Mumbai and Directorate of Cotton Development, Mumbai, on 28 April 2011.

Dey, S. K., Satapathy, K. K., Upadhyay, D. L., Venugopal, V. & Chattopadhyay, S. K., Ramie-tantuse bastra akriti tak bunai aur suchigrathan ke liye ek honhar resho. National Seminar on ModernDevelopments on Natural Fibre, organised by Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology,Mumbai and Directorate of Cotton Development, Mumbai, on 28 April 2011.

Ganguly , P. K. & Guruprasad, R., Jute fibre reinforced composites : Problems and prospects.International workshop on innovations and opportunities in textiles by Panipath Institute ofEngineering and Technology, Panipath, on 5-6 November 2011.

Lee, J. S., Ammayappan, L., Asok Senthil, K. &Moses, J. J., Physicochemical characterization offinished and unfinished wool fibres. 11th Asian Textile Conference, Daegu, Korea, during 1-4November 2011.

Mahanta, K. K., Nayak, L. K. & Pandey, H., A study on drying characteristics of cauliflower. 46thAnnual Convention of Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers & International Symposium onGrain storage at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand on27-29 February 2012.

Nag, D., Technology transfer and commercialization through business incubation. InternationalConference on Innovative Approaches for Agricultural Knowledge Management : Global ExtensionExperiences, NASC Complex, ICAR, New Delhi, organised by International Society of ExtensionEducation, New Delhi on 9–12 November 2011

Nag, D., Experiences from facilitation of BPD Unit on the way forward in NARS. 6th. NationalConference on KVK-2011, JNAU, Jabalpur, MP, organized by ICAR on 3-5 December 2012

Nag, D., BPD approach in jute for small scale sector. All India Seminar on Innovation and EmergingTrends of Jute, Textile and Garment Products, organized by The Institution of Engineers (W.B.Unit, India) on 17-18 February 2012

Nag, D., lecture delivered on Jute : An eco-friendly alternative for a sustainable future. Projectpromotion workshop organized by Tradecraft Exchange, European Union (EU) and Margdarshak,Lucknow, U.P., Kolkata on 14 July 2011

Nag, D., lecture delivered on BPD Unit facilities available in NIRJAFT, Business Facilitation Unit(BFU) launch workshop organized by Tradecraft Exchange, European Union (EU) and Margdarshak,Lucknow, U.P., at Kolkata on 17 March 2012

Nag, D., lecture delivered on Export of JDPs in the workshop on jute policy with focus on exportof JDPs organized by Margdarshak, Lucknow, UP at Kolkata on 30 May 2011

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Nayak, L. K., Roy, A. K. & Patra, K., Utilization of jute biomass for energy generation. 26th Indian

Engineering Congress organized by The Institution of Engineers (India) at Palace Grounds, Bangalore,

India on 15-18 December 2011

Nayak, L. K., Ammayappan, L., Ray, D. P. & Das, S., Energy from jute-biomass and agro-residues:

technological options. 25th National Convention of Agricultural Engineers and National Seminar

on Advances in use of Non-conventional energy sources for agriculture, fisheries and rural development

organized by The Institution of Enginees (India) on 19-20 January 2012

Naiya, R., Information seeking behavior of research workers in the agricultural field of West Bengal:

A case study. National seminar on challenges in the library management system (CLMS 2012)

organized by Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (CIACS) Library, Jadavpur, Kolkata

on 24 - 25 February 2012

Ray, D. P., Bhaduri, S. K., Debnath, S., Mojumder, P., Mandal, S. B. & Manna, K. (2012) Eco-

friendly processing of jute fibre for production of food grade jute products. IUPAC sponsored 2nd

International Conference on APCHNE: Role of Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture at New Delhi

on 15-18 February 2012

Ray, D. P., Nayak, L. K., Ammayappan, L., Manna, K. & Bhaduri, S. K., Energy conservation drives

for efficient extraction and utilisation of banana fibre. 25th National Convention of Agricultural

Engineering & National Seminar on Advances in Use of Non-Conventional Energy Sources for

Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development at The Institute of Engineers, Kolkata on 19-20

January 2012

Ray, D. P., Bhaduri, S. K., Nayak, L. K., Ammayappan, L. & Halder, P. Utilization of banana

pseudostem for extraction of fibre and production of organic fertilizer. All India Seminar on

Innovation and Emerging Trends of Jute, Textile and Garment products, at The Institution of

Engineers (India), Kolkata on17-18 February 2012

Ray, D. P., Ammayappan, L., Nayak, L. K., Mojumder, P. & Bhaduri, S. K., Food safety through

good jute. National Seminar on Safe Food for All in the Department of ASEPAN, Institute of

Agriculture, Sriniketan, Visva-Bharati on 21-23 February 2012

Ray, D. P., Ammayappan, L., Nayak, L. K. and Bhaduri, S. K., Utilization and value addition of

banana fibre for sustainable rural livelihood. Conference on Livelihood and Environmental Security

Through Resource Conservation in Eastern Region of India (LESRC- 2012) at OUAT, Bhubaneswar,

Odisha on 5-7 April 2012

Roy, G., Electronic instrumentation for jute & allied fibre : A Step towards prosperous India. 26th

Engineering Congress 2011 organised by the Institution of Engineers (India) on 15-18 December

2011

Roy, G., Automatic grading system of jute fibre : A new attempt. All India Seminar on Innovation

and Emerging Trends of Jute, Textile and Garment Products organized by the Institution of Engineers

(W.B. Unit, India) on 17-18 February 2012

101


Sengupta, S., Debnath, S., Banerjee, K., Sikdar, S. & Ghosh, B., Jute based nonwoven in technical

textiles. All India Seminar on Innovation and Emerging Trends of Jute, Textile and Garment Products'

organized by the Institution of Engineers (W.B. Unit, India) in collaboration with National Jute

Board, Ministry of Textiles on 17-18 February 2012

Sengupta, S., Debnath, S. & Ganguly, P. K., Jute non-woven fabric for eco-friendly uses. Technology

Transfer Seminar and Design Dessimination - Cum BSM at Hotel Stadel, Yuba Bharati Krirangan,

Salt Lake, Kolkata, organised by National Jute Board, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India on 8-9

November 2011

Sengupta, S., lecture delivered on Jute in agriculture in a seminar on Protective agrotextiles -

advantages & future prospects at IJIRA, Kolkata organised by SASMIRA & Office of Textile

Commissioner in association with IJIRA and BCKV on 22 March 2012

Sen, U., Roy, S. B. & Mitra, K., An assessment of training mode of knowledge dissemination

techniques for rural people by NIRJAFT, Kolkata, India : Exploiting the assets of Item Response

Theory. Poster presented by Dr. D. Nag in the International Conference on Innovative Approaches

for Agricultural Knowledge Management : Global Extension Experiences, at NASC Complex,

ICAR, New Delhi, organised by International Society of Extension Education, New Delhi on 9–12

November, 2011

Book Chapter

Debnath, S., Roy, A. N., Basu, G. & Chattopadhyay, S. N., NIRJAFT's Technologies for Rural

Development, Page no. 136-142, Section-V, entitled 'Natural Fibres and Geotextile Applications',

Book title 'New Technologies for Rural Development having Potential of Commercialisation', Editor,

Dr. Jai Prakash Shukla, Published by 'Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.', India, 2009. ISBN: 978-81-8424-

442-7.

Debnath, S., Modelling of needle-punched nonwoven fabric properties using artificial neural network.

Book title 'Artificial Neural Networks - Industrial and Control Engineering Applications', Kenji

Suzuki (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-220-3, InTech, pp. 65-88, April, 2011. Available from:

http://www.intechopen.com/ articles/show/title/modelling-of-needle-punched-nonwoven-fabric-

properties-using-artificial-neural-network

Majumder, K., Ray, D.P., Dureja, P., (2011) Nicotine to Nicotinoid; the most successful agrochemicals;

In : Potential Plant Protection Strategies Ed. D. Prasad and Rajvir Sharma; I.K. International

Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi pp. 329-344.

Ray, D.P. (2011) Antifungal activity of Essential oils of Ocimum sanctum on Rhizoctonia solani and

Fusarium oxysporium In: Potential Plant Protection Strategies Ed. D. Prasad and Rajvir Sharma;

I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. pp. 215-220.

Ray, D.P., Srivastava, S., Prasad, D., (2011) Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) : Chemistry and its role

in plant protection In: Potential Plant Protection Strategies Ed. D. Prasad and Rajvir Sharma; I.K.

International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. pp. 311-328.

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Ray, D.P., Majumder, K., Srivastava, S., Kulshrestha, G., (2011) Genetic engineering approachesfor detoxification and decontamination of pesticides In: Potential Plant Protection Strategies Ed. D.Prasad and Rajvir Sharma; I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi pp. 345-366.

Book/Technical Bulletin/Souvenir

Bhaduri, S. K, Ray, D. P., Saha, S. & Das, K., Technical bulletin on Banana fibre : extraction andutilization.

Nayak, L. K. & Ammayappan, L. (Edited and Compiled) Souvenir-cum-technical volume of the25th National Convention of Agricultural Engineers and National Seminar on “Advances in useof Non-conventional energy sources for agriculture, fisheries and rural development” held during19-20, January 2012 organized by The institution of Enginees (India), West Bengal State Centre.

Roy, A. N., A book entitled “Do it yourself” a kit for weaving jute based decorative and ornamentalfabric in handloom in english, hindi and oria languages

Roy, A. K., Ganguly, P. K., Chattopadhyay, S. N., Pan, N. C. & Nayak, L. K.,Training manual on“Jute based entrepreneur development on jute stick particle board production” in English, Hindi& Bengali version, August 2011

Roy, A. K., Chattopadhyay, S. N., Pan, N. C. & Nayak, L. K., Training manual on “Jute basedentrepreneur development on handmade paper from jute waste” in English, Hindi & Bengali versionSeptember, 2011

Popular article

Ahirwar, K. L., Gyan vigyan ILO jan-jan talk pahuchane mein hindi ka basan ayashyall koltolic.Swarorima LU/1, p.5-6

Banik, S. (2011) Pray bina gale pater pachan, Annadata, 29-31 (In Bengali)

Nag, D. & Singh, A. K., Zonal Technology Management and Business Process Development,Souvenir released on the eve of 6th National Conference on Krishi Vigyan Kendra - 2011 : Enablingfarmers for secondary agriculture, JNAU, Jabalpur, MP, Dec. 03-05, 2011 organized by ICAR.

Nayak, L. K., Nag, D. & Satapathy, K. K., Technological innovations in jute and allied fibres,Souvenir of Regional Agricultural Fair held during February 21-23, 2012 at Central Rice ResearchInstitute, Cuttack, pp. 32-34.

Satapathy, K. K., Roy, A. N. & Basu, G. (2012) Development of handloom for weaving ornamentaljute fabric in decentralized sector. Souvenir of Annual Re-union of Institute of Jute Technology,Kolkata, India. p. 51- 57

Folder/Leaflet

Basu, G., Abbas, Sk. Md. J., Chakraborty, R. & Mishra, L., Automated flyer spinning machine(English), November, 2011

Roy, A. N., Alonkarik jute bastra bunai hetu hathkargha ka vikas/weaving of ornamental jute fabricin handloom (Hindi Folder)

Roy, A. N. & Basu, G., Do it yourself - Weaving of jute-based ornamental fabric, Part 1 (English,Bengali and Hindi), November, 2011

Total number of books in the library are approx.

18,000. As per requisition 150 books pertaining

to different subjects in english and 60 hindi books

are being added in the stock in library section has

subscribed sixty five Indian and fourteen foreign

journals. The institute has become the member of

CeRA which contains more than 2000 e-journal

in agriculture. Facility of on-line journals viz., World

Textile Abstract, Journal of Industrial Textile and

Textile Research Journal is available.

Library section maintain exchange interaction with different institutes and organisations by mailing annual

reports, newsletters, misc. reports and institute's publications and received the same from different institutes.

Library digitization has been initiated and about 5000 books have been digitized through Libsys software

and it is continuing.

As per Coucil's order, PME cell was constituted with one Pr. Scientist as in-charge, three technical officers

as members and one technical person for secretarial assistance. The functions of PME cell and schedule

of activities have been defined by the Council. The Project Monitoring and Evaluation Committee (PMC)

with Director as the Chairman, all heads of divisions as the members and In-charge, PME cell as the

Member Secretary was constituted which would be responsible for project evaluation as per prescribed

format. NIRJAFT is acting as per the councils guidelines in this regard.

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Library

PME Cell

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The Design Development & Maintenance Section(DDM) plays a pivotal role in providing the infrastructuresupport for R&D works of the institute, in the form ofcivil, mechanical and electrical works. Different jutegrading instruments like Fibre Strength Tester, Air FlowFineness Tester, Colour & Lustre Meter and Bulk DensityMeter, which were developed by the Institute, arefabricated in the DDM Section, which is the only sourceof availability of these instruments in India. Theseinstruments are fabricated and supplied on order basis

to different organizations. The onus of enhancing the productivity and reducing the cost of operation ofthe NIRJAFT Power Ribboner to make it robust & farmer friendly is also borne by this Section. R&Defforts in further developing the NIRJAFT jute decorticator is also being undertaken at present with effortsto reduce the cost of operation and make it portable for use by farmers in the field. Extension activityin the form of field demonstration of power Ribboner is carried out by this Section in and outside theState. This Section is also entrusted with the job of undertaking the petty repair and maintenance worksof the Institute including the office, laboratory, hostels and residential complex.

DDM Section

Quality Assurance Section is under Quality Evaluation& Improvement Division. Basically this section dealswith testing of fibre properties and grading of jute& mesta fibre. Theoretical and practical trainingon grading methods are provided regularly. Thistraining course is conducted to acquaint marketingpersonnel and other people from differentorganizations and agencies with the BIS specificationson raw jute grading.

The section is doing regular tests of samples ofvarious research projects undertaken at NIRJAFT, CRIJAF and other organizations including All IndiaNetwork Project (AINP).

The section is also engaged in research project on user-friendly jute grading system to find out the easygrading system and process. Testing of jute, mesta samples received from outside agencies on paymentbasis is being done by the section regularly.

Quality Assurance Section

105

Distinguished Visitors

Sri S. K. Chakravorty, Chairman & Managing Director, JCI, Kolkata on 2 June 2011

Sri S. Gulati, Joint Secretary (Jute), Min of Textile Govt. of India on 8 August 2011

Sri Attri Bhattacharrya, Secretary, NJB, Kolkata on 8 August 2011

Dr. S. K. Sharma, Director, ATIRA, Ahmedabad on 8 August 2011

Prof. Frank Henning, Deputy Director Institute of Chemical Technology, Germany on 8 August

2011

Dr. S. K. Naskar, Director, CTCRI, Trivandrum on 24 August 2011

Dr. R. Ramani, Director, IINRG, Ranchi on 15 September 2011

Dr. P. K. Banerjee, Ex Prof IIT, Delhi and Chairman, QRT, NIRJAFT, Kolkata on 9 December

2011

Sri S. R. Aggarwal, Director, Rameswar jute Mill, Kolkata on 17 December 2011

Dr. Charan Das Mahant, Honable Min of State for Agriculture and food Processing Division on

19 January 2012

Sri Rajiv Mehrishi, Additional Secretary (DARE) & Financial Advisor, ICAR, Min of Agriculture

on 6 February 2012

Sri Pradip Kumar Pujari, Additional Secretary (DARE) & Financial Advisor, ICAR, Min of

Agriculture, Govt of India on 24 March 2012

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Research & Development Programme 2011-2012Quality Evaluation & Improvement Division

Project Project Title Principal Investigator Date of Date ofCode Start Completion

1.43 Investigation into the role of Dr. S. K.Bhaduri April 2009 March 2012chemical accelerator andutilization potential of rettingresidue in the accelerated juteretting technology and itsassessment for adoption throughfield demonstrations

QEI-1 Development of bioadhesives Dr. S. K. Bhaduri April 2010 March 2012from cell-wall polymers of juteand ramie fibre crops

QEI-4 Standardization of fungal retting Dr. S. Banik April 2010 March 2012by dry fermentation procedurefor water economy

QEI-5 Development of an image Dr. G. Roy April 2010 Sept. 2011processing system to find thequality of jute fibre

QEI-6 Development of a PLC based Dr. G. Roy September August 2012process control system for jute 2010industries

QEI-7 Development of a user-friendly Dr. S. C. Saha Oct. 2010 Sept. 2013jute grading system

QEI-8 Development of technology for Dr. D.P.Ray April 2011 March 2014extraction and characterization ofuseful phytochemicals from jute(Corchorus sp.) and Dhaincha(Sesbania sp.) seeds

QEI-9 To study the effectiveness of Dr M. K. Basak April 2011 March 2012fungal retting by Sclerotiumsp. at farmer's field

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R E S E A R C H & D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M M E 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 2

Project Project Principal Investigator Date of Date ofCode Title Start Completion

QEI-10 Online moisture measurement Dr. G. Roy Sept. 2011 Aug. 2013system for lignocellulosic fibreprocessing system

Mechanical Processing Division

MP-1 Development of natural fibre- Dr. G. Basu April 2010 March 2012based geotextiles and placementsystem for protection of river-bank and improvement of soilstabilization.

MP-2 Enhancing the figuring capacity Dr. A. N. Roy April 2010 March 2013of developed handloom andstudy of its weaving performancefor speciality fabric productionand product developmenttherefrom

MP-3 Processing of natural fibres Dr. A. N. Roy April 2010 March 2013like banana and linseed in jutespinning system and developmentof value added products.

MP-4 Development of jute-based Dr. S. Debnath April 2010 March 2012winter garments

MP-5 Modification of jute spinning Dr. S. Debnath April 2010 March 2013machinery

MP-6 Development of composite yarns Dr. S. K. Dey April 2010 March 2012for technical textiles from naturalfibres based on friction spinningtechnology

MP-7 Study on bending, frictional and Dr. S. Sengupta April 2010 March 2014electrical behaviour of jutematerials.

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Chemical & Biochemical Processing Division

CBP-1 A comparative study of different Dr. A. K. Roy April 2010 March 2013pulping methods on jute andallied fibres for making valueadded handmade paper

CBP-2 Development of fibre-board Dr. P. K. Ganguly April 2010 March 2012from jute plant.

CBP-3 Development of jute based Dr. P. K. Ganguly April 2010 March 2013composites for industrialapplication

CBP-4 Dyeing of jute fabric using Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyay April 2010 March 2013natural dyes with improvedfastness properties

CBP-5 Application of biotechnology Dr. N. C. Pan April 2010 March 2013in the colouration of jute fabric

CBP-6 Energy from jute and agro- Dr. L. K. Nayak April 2010 March 2013residue biomass


TOT-1 Development of portal for jute Shri S. Das April 2010 March 2012

TOT-2 Analysis of Information Dr. U. Sen April 2010 March 2013dissemination techniques intransfer of jute and allied fibretechnology through training,exhibitions and demonstrationfor rural development.

TOT-4 Environmental impact analysis Dr. B. Saha Oct. 2010 Oct. 2013of production of jute and geo-textiles in view of carbon balance

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R E S E A R C H & D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M M E 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 2


Sponsored Project / Contract Research

MM IV Development of new range of Dr. A. N. Roy April 2010 Sept. 20117.1/3 jute fabric including newer

multi fibre weave

MM IV Development of low cost dense Dr. S. Sengupta 25 May 2010 March 20137.1/5 jute non-woven fabric

MM IV Development of electronic and Dr. G. Roy April 2011 March 20146.2 microprocessor based integrated

instrumentation for jute gradingsystem

NAIP Project

NAIP-1 Zonal technology management Dr. D. Nag June 2009 March 2013Compo- and business planning andnent-I development (BPD) unit at

NIRJAFT, Kolkata

NAIP A value chain on coconut fibre Dr. G. Bose Nov. 2008 March 2013Compo- and its by products : Manu-nent-2 facture of diversified products

of higher value and bettermarketability to enhance theeconomic returns of farmers

NAIP Sustainable rural livelihood Dr. S. K. Bhaduri April 2008 Dec. 2013Compo- empowerment project fornent-3 northern disadvantaged

districts of West Bengal

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as on 31 March 2012

Dr. K. K. Satapathy M.Tech., Ph.D. Director

Quality Evaluation & Improvement Division

Dr. S. K. Bhaduri M.Sc., Ph.D. Principal Scientist & Head

Dr. M. K. Basak M.Sc., Ph.D. Principal Scientist

Dr. S. Banik M.Sc.(Agri.), Ph.D. Principal Scientist

Dr. G. Roy MEE, Ph.D. Principal Scientist

Dr. D. P. Ray M.Sc., Ph.D Senior Scientist

Dr. S. C. Saha M.Sc., Ph.D. Technical Officer T-7-8

Mrs. R. Nandi B.Sc. (Hons.), B.A. Technical Officer T-6

Shri P. Mojumder B.Sc. Technical Officer T-6

Shri S. B. Mondal B.Sc., B.Ed. Technical Officer T-6

Shri A. Ghosh B.Sc. Technical Officer T-6

Shri N. Paik S.F., ITI Technical Officer T-5

Chemical & Bio-Chemical Processing Division

Dr. A. K. Roy M.Sc., Ph.D. Principal Scientist & Head

Dr. P. K. Ganguly M.Tech., Ph.D. Principal Scientist

Dr. S. N. Chattopadhyay M.Tech., Ph.D., FTA, FIE Principal Scientist

Dr. N. C. Pan M.Tech., Ph.D., FTA, FIE Principal Scientist

Dr. L. Ammayappan M.Sc., Ph.D Senior Scientist

Shri K. Patra H.S. Dip. in Elec. Engg. Technical Officer T-5

Shri A. Khan B.Sc. Technical Officer T-5

Shri P. Talukdar S.F. Technical Officer T-5

Mechanical Processing Division

Dr. G. Basu M.Tech., Ph.D.(Tech.) Principal Scientist & Head

FIE, PGDJT

Personnel

111

P E R S O N N E L

Dr. A. N. Roy M.Tech., Ph.D., FIE Principal Scientist

Dr. S. Sengupta M.Tech., Ph.D., C.Engg. Senior Scientist

Dr. S. Debnath M.Tech., Ph.D., MIE (I) Senior Scientist

Shri P. Y. Verma M.Tech Scientist (wef 23.12.2011)

Shri N. Kundu M.Tech Scientist (wef 27.12.2011)

Dr. S. K. Dey M.Tech., Ph.D. Technical Officer T-7-8


Dr. D. Nag M.Tech., Ph.D. Principal Scientist & Head

Dr. B. Saha M.Sc., Ph.D Principal Scientist

Dr. S. B. Roy M.Sc., Ph.D. Senior Scientist

Dr. L. K. Nayak M.Tech., Ph.D. Senior Scientist

Shri S. Das M.Sc. (Computer Science) Scientist (Senior Scale)

Shri R. N. Panja M.Sc. Technical Officer T-7-8

(Zoology & Museology)

Shri H. Sengupta Dip. in Text. Tech. Technical Officer T-6

Shri T. K. Ghosh B.Sc. Technical Officer T-5

Development, Design & Maintenance Section

Dr. P. K. Ganguly M.Tech., Ph.D. Principal Scientist & In-charge

Shri P. Sanyal PGDRD Technical Officer T-6

Shri L. M. Patra DEE Technical Officer T-6

Shri P. Chowdhury ITI Technical Officer T-5

PME Cell

Dr. M. K. Basak M.Sc., Ph.D. Principal Scientist & In-charge

Dr. U. Sen M.Sc., Ph.D Technical Officer T-7-8

Smt. P. R. Ghatak B.Sc. Technical Officer T-6

Shri K. Mitra B.A. Technical Officer T-5

Library

Dr. R. Naiya B.Sc., M. Lib, Ph.D. Technical Officer T-5 & In charge

112

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

Administration

Shri R. Lal B.Sc. CAO (wef 14/02/2012)

Shri R. K. Ghosh B.Com Finance & Accounts Officer

Shri B. Kabi B.Com. AAO (Adm.-I)

Smt. L. Ghosh P.U. A.A.O. (Adm.-II)

Shri S. Chakraborty B.Com AAO (Stores)

Shri M. M. Pal B.Com AAO (F&A) (wef 17.10.2011)

Smt. A. Majumdar M.Sc. AF&AO

Smt. R. Ghosh H.S. Technical Officer T-5

(Telephone Operator)

Shri B. Chatterjee B.Com PS to Director (wef 08.02.2012)

Shri L. Mondal Class-VIII Technical Officer T-5 (Driver)

Hindi Cell

Shri R. D. Sharma M.A., D.H.T., P.G.D.T. AD (OL) & In-charge Hindi Cell

Tr. K. L. Ahirwar M.A. Technical Officer (T-5 OL)

113

FinancialA. The budget provision and actual utilization under Plan, Non Plan, NAIP, (Funded by World

Bank) & Plan Schemes during 2011-12(Amounts in Lakhs)

Sl. No. Name of Opening Budget Actual ClosingHeads Balance Provision Utilization Balance

1. Non-Plan 14.68708 1,131.34 1,129.98993 0.05296

2. Plan 0.03094 225.00 224.99667 333.00

3. NAIP Projects 193.53497 125.83624 218.59721 63.30749

4. Plan Schemes(I.T.M.U & ZTMC) 6.32305 21.55 23.6418 3.06404

B. Sub-head wise budget provision and actual utilization under Institute Plan and Non PlanSchemes during 2011-12

(Amounts in Lakhs)

Sl. Sub-Head Plan Non PlanNo. Budget Actual Budget Actual

Provision Utilization Provision Utilization

A) Revenue Expenditure

1. Establishment Expenses – – 225.00 223.70408

2. Travelling Allowances 4.61 4.61 3.99 3.99

3. HRD & I.T 6.00 6.00 – –

4. Research/Office Contigencies 16.72 16.72 7.80 1.77894

Total of A 27.33 27.33 236.79 229.47302

B) Capital Expenditure

1. Equipment 40.00 39.99985 4.00 3.99969

2. Works 85.17 85.16982 – –

3. Library Books &Journals 8.00 8.00 – –

4. Vehicles - - - -

5. Furniture, Fixture 15.00 15.00 - -

Total of B 148.17 148.16967 – –

Total (A+B) 175.50 175.49967 – –

114

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2

I N S T I T U T E O R G A N O G R A M

DIRECTOR

MANAGEMENTCOMMITTEE

JOINTCOUNCIL

GRIEVANCECELL

RESEARCH ADVISORYCOMMITTEE

INSTITUTE RESEARCHCOMMITTEE

QUALITYEVALUATION

&IMPROVEMENT

MECHANICALPROCESSING

CHEMICAL&

BIO-CHEMICALPROCESSING

TRANSFEROF

TECHNOLOGY

ADMINISTRATION FINANCE & ACCOUNTS

HINDICELL

PMECELL

DDM(ENGINEERING)

ITMUNIT

GENERAL MANAGEMENT RESEARCH MANAGEMENT

RESEARCH DIVISIONS

CONSTITUENT SECTIONS

QUALITY ASSURANCESECTION

SECTIONS

LIBRARY

KM CELL

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