annex 69 strategy and practice of adaptive thermal comfort

Department of Civil EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark

Annex 69 Strategy and Practice of Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Low Energy Buildings

Hvornår bruges Adaptive Thermal Comfort metode og hvornår bruges PMV-PPD metoden?

International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy

Professor Bjarne W. Olesen

17/04/2008Presentation name2 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

Recommended categories for design of mechanical heated and cooled buildings DS/EN 13798-1

Category Thermal state of the body as a whole

PPD%

PredictedMean Vote

I < 6 -0.2 < PMV < + 0.2

II < 10 -0.5 < PMV < + 0.5

III < 15 -0.7 < PMV < + 0.7

III < 25 -1.0 < PMV < + 1.0


Temperature ranges for hourly calculation of cooling and heating energy in four categories of indoor environment

Type of building/ space

Category Operative Temperature for Energy Calculations oC

Offices and spaces with similar activity (single offices, open plan offices, conference rooms, auditorium, cafeteria, restaurants, class rooms, Sedentary activity ~1,2 met

Heating (winter season), ~ 1,0 clo

Cooling (summer season), ~ 0,5 clo

I 21,0 – 23,0 23,5 - 25,5

II 20,0 – 24,0 23,0 - 26,0

III 19,0 – 25,0 22,0 - 27,0

IV 17,0 – 26,0 21,0 - 28,0


ADAPTATION

• Behavioural– Clothing, activity, posture

• Psychological– Expectations

17/04/2008Presentation name6 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkΘrm = (Θed -1 + 0,8 Θed -2 + 0,6 Θed -3 + 0,5 Θed -4 + 0,4 Θed -5 + 0,3 Θed -6 + 0,2 Θed -7)/3,8

DS/EN 16798-1 and ISO 17772-1


Outdoor Running Mean Temperature

TheoutdoorrunningmeantemperatureiscalculatedbymeansofFormula(B.1):

(B.1)

whereΘrm =OutdoorRunningmeantemperaturefortheconsideredday(°C).Θed-1 =dailymeanoutdoorairtemperatureforpreviousdayα =constantbetween0and1(recommendedvalueis0,8)Θed-i =dailymeanoutdoorairtemperatureforthei-thpreviousday

( ) { }Q a Q a Q a Q- -= - + + 2rm ed 1 ed 2 ed-31 . .

( )Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q- - - - - - -= + + + + + +m ed 1 ed 2 ed 3 ed 4 ed 5 ed 6 ed 70 8 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 3 8, , , , , , / ,

Thelimitsonlyapplywhen10 < Θrm < 30°C

Daily running mean outdoor temperature (Trm) as well as upper and lower limits for the PMV-PPD method and the ACM method for Category II, EN 16798-1 in Copenhagen.

Daily running mean outdoor temperature (Trm) as well as upper and lower limits for the PMV-PPD method and the ACM method for Category II, EN 16798-1 in Palermo

Rome

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30

01-01 31-01 02-03 01-04 01-05 31-05 30-06 30-07 29-08 28-09 28-10 27-11 27-12Date [day-month]

Indo

or o

pera

tive

tem

pera

ture

[°C

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ASHRAE prEN ASHRAE Weighted Average prEN Weighted Average

Copenhagen

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01-01 31-01 02-03 01-04 01-05 31-05 30-06 30-07 29-08 28-09 28-10 27-11 27-12Date [day-month]

Indo

or o

pera

tive

tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

ASHRAE prEN ASHRAE Weighted Average prEN Weighted Average

ASHRAE Standard 55

• There is no mechanical cooling system (e.g., refrigerated air conditioning, radiant cooling, or desiccant cooling) installed. No heating system is in operation. • Representative occupants have metabolic rates ranging from 1.0 to 1.3

met. • Representative occupants are free to adapt their clothing to the indoor

and/or outdoor thermal conditions within a range at least as wide as 0.5 to 1.0 clo. • The prevailing mean outdoor temperature is greater than 10°C (50°F) and

less than 33.5°C (92.3°F). • It shall be based on no fewer than seven and no more than 30 sequential

days prior to the day in question.

DS/EN 16798-16.2.2 Buildings without mechanical cooling• This method applies to:

• thermal conditions are regulated primarily by the occupants through opening and closing of elements in the building envelop (e.g. windows, ventilation flaps, roof lights, etc.)

• office buildings and other buildings of similar type used mainly for human occupancy • mainly sedentary activities 1-1.3 met• where there is easy access to operable windows• occupants can freely adapt their clothing to the indoor and/or outdoor thermal

conditions. (0,4 – 1,0 clo)• NOTE 1 The field studies behind the method were conducted in office

buildings but the method may also apply in other spaces with similar individual possibilities for adaptation, e.g. in residential buildings

DS/EN 16798-16.2.2 Buildings without mechanical cooling• The upper limits shall be used to design buildings and passive thermal

controls (e.g. orientation of glazing and solar shading, thermal building capacity, size and adjustability of operable windows, etc.) to avoid overheating.• For buildings and spaces were the building design and the natural

ventilation system is not adequate to meet the required temperature categories the design documents shall state that fact.• Annex B 2.2

• During the summer season and during the shoulder seasons (spring and autumn) so-called adaptive criteria (upper and lower temperature limits that change with the running mean outdoor temperature) shall be applied (see the cat. I, II and III upper and lower limits in Figure B.1).

DS/EN 16798-2 Buildings without mechanical cooling• Mechanical ventilation with unconditioned air (in summer) can be utilized, but

opening and closing of windows should be of primary importance as a means of regulating thermal conditions in the space.• In addition occupants can have additional options for personal control over the

indoor environment such as solar shading, fans, shutters, night ventilation, etc.• In landscaped (open plan) offices most occupants have only limited access to

operable windows and therefore typically reduced personal control over natural ventilation, e.g. if there are work places placed in the middle of the room, away from direct access to operable windows. Therefore the temperature limits established by this method will not always apply in such situations.• Note that the field studies on the temperature limits shown in Annex B.2.2 do

not take work performance effects into account.• It is normally not required that the following parameters be separately

evaluated: local thermal discomfort, clothing insulation, metabolic rate, humidity and air speed.

Hvornår bruges Adaptive Thermal Comfort metode og hvornår bruges PMV-PPD metoden? • PMV-PPD metoden kan altid bruges også i bygninger uden mekanisk køling

• Uklart hvorledes vinter-sommer (opvarmning-køling) perioden definers

• De anbefalede grænser på “Outside Running Mean Temperature” < 10 oC (Vinter) og > 15 oC ser ud til at kunne anvendes I flereklimaregioner.

• Hvorledes skal det termiske indeklima vurderes i overgangsperioderne (forår-efterår)• Antage en beklædning på 0,75 clo?

• Altid bruge “Adaptive Model”• Lineært forbinde kriterierne ved Trm – 10 oC med kriterierne ved Trm = 15 oC?

• I Danmark svarer de tilladelige overskridelser af 26 oC i BR18 nogenlunde til grænserne ved at bruge “Adaptive Comfort Model”.

• Uklart hvornår “Adapted Comfort Model” kan bruges kontorer-ja/nej, boliger-måske, skoler-nej

• ER udetemperaturen vigtig for adaption, vi tilbringer 90% af tiden indendørd

• Publikation fra WINDSOR2020 Conference

• Whole year evaluation of thermal comfort using international standards EN16798-1 and TR16798-2• Bjarne W. Olesen, Ongun B. Kazanci and José Joaquín Aguilera Prado

annex 69 strategy and practice of adaptive thermal comfort

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