annex 1 - epr smokvica - prdejci_eng_final

8/10/2019 Annex 1 - EPR Smokvica - Prdejci_ENG_FINAL

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Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, leftcarriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci

CONTENT:

1 GENERAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................... 9

2 TYPE OF REPORT .................................................................................................................... 9

3 COMPETENT BODY FOR APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REPORTS .. 9

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT IN WHICH THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED ................ 104.1 SHORT NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITY.............................................................. 10

4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE LOCATION........................................................................................... 11

4.2.1Macrolocation of the area ................................................................................................ 11

4.2.2Microlocation of the area ................................................................................................. 13

4.3 TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITY.................................................. 17

4.3.1Technical-technological description of the project........................................................... 17

4.3.2Project activities ............................................................................................................... 20

4.3.3Equipment, means of transportation and machinery ....................................................... 30

4.4 RAW AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS........................................................................................... 31

5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE PROJECT AREA ........................ 34

5.1 GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN.................................................................. 345.2 HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN...................................................... 35

5.2.1Categorization of the ground by engineering-geological features ................................... 37

5.3 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.............................................................................. 37

5.4 PEDOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS......................................................................................... 37

5.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANDSCAPE................................................................................. 38

5.6 EXISTING WATER RESOURCES............................................................................................. 39

5.7 CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA............................................................................ 43

5.8 EXISTING ROAD AND COMMUNAL INFRASTRUCTURE............................................................... 45

5.9 BIODIVERSITY...................................................................................................................... 50

5.10 CADASTRAL DATA IN THE PROJECT SCOPE............................................................................ 53

5.11 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA........................................ 535.11.1 Socio-demographic profile ........................................................................................ 53

5.11.2 Socio-economic profile .............................................................................................. 55

5.11.3 Urban profile .............................................................................................................. 57

5.11.4 Socio-cultural profile .................................................................................................. 58

6 ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT .............................................................................. 59

6.1 EMISSION............................................................................................................................ 60

6.1.1Air emissions ................................................................................................................... 60

6.2 EMISSIONS ON WATER AND SEWER....................................................................................... 65

6.2.1Construction phase .......................................................................................................... 65

6.3 WASTE GENERATION............................................................................................................ 68

6.3.1Construction phase .......................................................................................................... 686.3.2Operational phase ........................................................................................................... 70

6.4 EMISSION ON SOIL............................................................................................................... 71


6.4.2Operational phase ........................................................................................................... 71

6.5 NOISE,VIBRATION AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION................................................................... 72

6.5.1Noise ................................................................................................................................ 72

6.5.2Vibration ........................................................................................................................... 75

6.5.1Non-ionizing radiation ...................................................................................................... 76

6.6 BIODIVERSITY (FLORA,FAUNA AND HABITATS) ....................................................................... 76


6.6.2Operational phase ........................................................................................................... 776.7 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACTS............................................................................................ 77


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6.7.1Land Acquisition .............................................................................................................. 77

6.7.2People and Livestock Health and Safety Impact ............................................................. 77

6.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS.................................................................................................. 78

6.8.1Impact on Business and Agricultural Activities ................................................................ 78

6.8.2Impact on tourism ............................................................................................................ 79

6.9 INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPACTS................................................................................................ 806.9.1Impact on local residents ................................................................................................. 80

6.9.2Impact on local road infrastructure .................................................................................. 80

6.9.3Impact on water supply, sewerage system, irrigation system and other infrastructureobjects ...................................................................................................................................... 80

6.10 SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS.................................................................................................. 81

6.10.1 Labour impacts .......................................................................................................... 81

7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM ..................................................................... 81

7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON AIR........................................................................ 82



7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON WATERS AND SEWER............................................... 83



7.3 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCE THE IMPACT OF WASTE.................................................. 84



7.4 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON SOIL...................................................................... 84



7.5 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF THE NOISE,VIBRATION,NON -IONIZING RADIATION85



7.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY......................................................... 87



7.7 MEASURES FOR MITIGATION OF SOCIAL IMPACTS................................................................... 87

7.8 RISK MANAGEMENT (OCCURRENCE OF A DISASTER,ACCIDENT OR EMERGENCY) ..................... 89

7.8.1Construction Phase ......................................................................................................... 89


8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ........................................ 110

8.1 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN-EMP ........................................................... 111

8.2 ENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGPLAN ....................................................................... 126

9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 133

10 ANNEXES .............................................................................................................................. 136

11 STATEMENT .......................................................................................................................... 162

12 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 163

TABLES

Table 1List of materials which will be used during the construction activities ..................................... 32

Table 2 Demographic data of the project area .................................................................................... 53

Table 3Number of pupils in Municipality of Gevgelija for 2011/12 school year ................................... 55

Table 4Unemployment in Gevgelija ..................................................................................................... 55

Table 5Active enterprises in the Municipality of Gevgelija, by sector of activity ................................. 56

Table 6Agricultural statistics in the Municipality of Gevgelija .............................................................. 57


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Table 7Measured concentration of CO2in ambient air........................................................................ 62

Table 8Measured concentration of dust (PM) in ambient air at measurement point at village Prdejci 63

Table 9 Measured dust (PM) concentration in ambient air at measurement point at village Smokvica

.............................................................................................................................................................. 64

Table 10List of wastes ......................................................................................................................... 68

Table 11Noise levels from construction equipment ............................................................................. 72

Table 12 Noise levels from the construction site (15 m from the source) ............................................ 72

Table 13 Distance of theinhabited place from source of noise............................................................ 73

Table 14Equivalent noise levels and maximum values measured at village Prdejci and near village

Smokvica ............................................................................................................................................... 74

FIGURES

Figure 1 The location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to the other municipalities in the

Republic of Macedonia .......................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 2 Position of the A1 motorway (E75) compared to the Municipality of Gevgelija ..................... 12

Figure 3Part of the surrounding of the section "Smokvica-Prdejci ................................................... 13

Figure 4Satellite images of the immediate surrounding of the section Smokvica-Prdejci .................. 15

Figure 5 Satellite image of the wider surrounding of the section Smokvic-Prdejci .............................. 15

Figure 6Location of the section Prdejci-Smokvica on a topographic map with a scale of 1:25 000 ... 16

Figure 7 Part of the motorway A1 (75), section Smokvica-Prdejci .................................................... 17

Figure 8Systems of canals for drainage on the motorway .................................................................. 19

Figure 9Bridge on river Zuica .............................................................................................................. 19

Figure 10Bridge on river Kovanska ..................................................................................................... 19

Figure 11 Underpass at the chainage km 1151+523.00 ...................................................................... 20

Figure 12Cross section of the motorway drainage system ................................................................. 23

Figure 13Schematic view of the asphalting and the thickness of the layers ....................................... 24

Figure 14 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during construction of

the left carriageway ............................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 15 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment on the locations where

the newly designed carriageway overlaps the existing one .................................................................. 26

Figure 16 The necessary signalisation and equipment on the places when the new carriageway

passes from the left to the right side ..................................................................................................... 28

Figure 17 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during reconstructionand extension of the existing road ........................................................................................................ 29

Figure 18 Some of the equipment and machinery that will be used for the extension and

reconstruction of the carriageway ......................................................................................................... 30

Figure 19Geological map of the wider area ........................................................................................ 35

Figure 20 Hydro-geological map of the wider area .............................................................................. 36

Figure 21Characteristics of the landscape .......................................................................................... 38

Figure 22 Water-economy areas in the Republic of Macedonia .......................................................... 39

Figure 23 Rivers in the project area ..................................................................................................... 40

Figure 24 River Kovanska .................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 25River Zuica ........................................................................................................................... 42


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Figure 26Existing and planned hydropowerplants ............................................................................. 43

Figure 27 Climatic map of the Republic of Macedonia ........................................................................ 44

Figure 28Rose of winds ....................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 29 Road network of the Republic of Macedonia ....................................................................... 45

Figure 30 Railway corridors.................................................................................................................. 46Figure 31 Electricity distribution networks and hydro/thermal power plants in the Republic of

Macedonia ............................................................................................................................................ 46

Figure 32System for irrigation South Vardar Valley......................................................................... 47

Figure 33 The route of the oil pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki ................................................................ 48

Figure 34The route of the water supply and sewerage network at village Prdejci.............................. 49

Figure 35Existing vegetation along the section .................................................................................. 50

Figure 36Cultivated land ..................................................................................................................... 51

Figure 37 River Kovanska .................................................................................................................... 51

Figure 38River Zuica ........................................................................................................................... 52

Figure 39 Measurement points at villages Prdejci and Smokvica........................................................ 62

Figure 40 Measurement point at village Smokvica ..................................................................................

Figure 41Measurement point at village Prdejci ................................................................................... 62

Figure 42 Intensity of the noise reduction according to the distance from the source ......................... 73

Figure 43 Measurement points of noise levels at Prdejci and Smokvica ............................................. 74

GRAPHS

Graph 1Gender constitution of the population in Municipality of Gevgelija ......................................... 54

Graph 2Measured concentration of dust in ambient air at measurement point at village Prdejci ....... 63

Graph 3 Measured concentration of dust (PM) in ambient at measurement point at village Smokvica

.............................................................................................................................................................. 64

ANNEXES

ANNEX 1............................................................................................................................................. 136

ANNEX 2............................................................................................................................................. 142

ANNEX 4............................................................................................................................................. 147

ANNEX 4............................................................................................................................................. 158


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TECHNICAL NUMBER 01-111/1

Based on the concluded Contract between the Environmental Management Associates

DEKONS EMA LTD, Skopje and PE for National Roads-Skopje, no. 03-82 of 17/05/2013,

Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction

of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija,

section Smokvica-Prdejci, in accordance with Article 24 of the Law on environment (Official

Gazette of RM" no. 53/05, 81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11 and 123/12)

has been prepared.

In accordance with the Decree on the activities for which preparation of elaborate is

mandatory and competent authority is the body of the state administration responsible for

the affairs of the environment ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 36/12), the extension with

reconstruction of the A1 (E75) motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelija belongs in Appendix, XI-

Infrastructural projects; 15.Reconstruction of Motorways and national roads more than 10

km1.

The Report was prepared in accordance with the Opinion no.11-3235/2 from 18.04.2013

issued by the Department of the Environment, in which the Investor (PE for National Roads)is committed to prepare an Environmental Protection Report.

Within the project activity, in May 2013, site visit was conducted in order to be made

prospection of the current state of the location, where the activity will be carried out and to

identify potential sources of pollution in the environment from their operation.

The Environmental protection report gives a review of the current state of the investment

facility-A1 (E75) Motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci, identifies the

potential adverse impacts from the extension and reconstruction of the Motorway in the

environmental media and proposed measures for their reduction or mitigation.

1Both sections which are subject of preparation of the Environmental protection reports are covered by one main project and

are in length of 6,726 km and 3,427 km, or a total of 10,153 km.


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In the preparation of the Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-

Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway

A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci for the needs of PE for national

roads-Skopje, the following team participated:

DEKONS-EMA

Manager

Menka Spirovska


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1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Name and surname of the legal entity

or individual that implements

activities

Public Enterprise for National Roads (PE for

National Roads)

Legal status PENR was founded in 2013 by the Law on

public roads, as the legal successor of the

Agency for State Roads

Ownership PE for state roads is owned by the

Government of the Republic of Macedonia

Business office of the legal entity

(registered in the central register)

Str.Dame Gruev No.14

1000 Skopje

Address where activities are/will be

implemented

Municipality Gevgelija,

Smokvica-Prdejci

Unique number of the legal entity 6839673

Identification of core activity

according to NCA

64.99

Category of activity that is the subject of the

application under the provisions of Article

24 paragraph (4) and (5)

Other financial-service activities, except

insurance and pension funding, not mentioned

elsewhere

Number of employees at the facility where

the activity is performed or activity for

which the application is submitted

/

Total number of employees in the

legal entity or individual that carries

on business or activity

319

Projected capacity 6,726 km

Name and surname of contact person

responsible for the approval of the study

and his position

Joze Jovanovski, Environmental engineer,

Environmental protection consultant

Telephone number - contact 02/ 3118-044 lok.135

Fax: 02/ 3220-535

2 TYPE OF REPORT

New activity

Existing activity

Expansion of existing activity

3 COMPETENT BODY FOR APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

REPORTS

Body name Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning- Department ofEnvironment

Adress Goce Delcev bvd No. 8, building MRTV 10thfloor,1000 Skopje

Telephone 02/3251-400


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4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT IN WHICH THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED

4.1 Short non-technical summary of the activity

The Project activity is implemented by PE for National Roads. In chapter10 (Annexes) of

this Report, the Certificate from the Central Register is presented, i.e. the current status ofthe company.

The Project envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left

carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci.

Accordingly, one more lane of the already existing five lanes Motorway will be constructed,

in order to get full motorway with six lanes in both directions (three lanes in direction).

With the construction of this section, the connectivity between Macedonia and Greece will be

greatly improved and finally, the completion of the motorway A1 (Pan European Corridor 10)

in the Republic of Macedonia will be enabled, on level of complete Motorway with 6 lanes,

parallel with finalizing of the project for construction of the section Demir Kapija-Smokvica.

All of this will contribute to improving of the economy, the economic development will be

accelerated, safety and, in general, the quality of life of the people, not only in this part of the

country, but also wider.

The land on which the extension of the section is planned is state owned, which means that

the planned extension will not usurp fertile agricultural land, because the extension will be

carried out in the green area between the two carriageways, for which there is a projected

space.

In accordance with the Decree on the activities for which preparation of elaborate2

ismandatory and competent authority is the body of the state administration responsible for

the affairs of the environment ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 36/12), the extension with

reconstruction of the A1 (E75) motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelia belongs in Appendix, XI-

Infrastructural projects; 15.Reconstruction of Motorways and national roads more than 10

km3.

For performing of these activities a detailed design dating from 1999 was made. The data

from the project are base on which the preparation of this document is based.

The section Smokvica-Prdejci starts from the junction at the village Smokvica and continues

moving by the agriculture land, nearly parallel with the river Vardar on its right side and ends

south of the village Prdejci. The total length of the section is 6,726 km, starting from

chainage km 1145+073.20 to chainage km 1151+799.61. In the preparatory phase, before

starting of the construction works, samples will be taken and an analysis of the existing

materials from which the Motorway is constructed will be conducted, taking into account the

thickness of the asphalt layer, the protective layer against sliding on the road, the thickness

of granulation tampon layer that is applied under the asphalt, reinforced concrete structural

base of the underpass and bridges on rivers Kovanska and Zuica. This will provide data on

2Enviromental protection report3Both sections which are subject of preparation of the Environmental protection reports are covered by one main project and

are in length of 6,726 km and 3,427 km, or a total of 10,153 km.


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the current state of the section and materials which will be used for construction of a new

lane, new bridges on rivers Kovanska and Zuica, the new underpass on chainage km 1151

+523.00, as well as the reconstruction of the existing lanes of the carriageway.

The Project envisages major construction activities on the underpass, which is in poor

condition, i.e. it will be demolished and in its place a new underpass will be constructed and

new fence, type "New Jersey". But despite this, all overpasses, underpasses, culverts, pipes

for drainage and irrigation passing under and near the Motorway. They will be repaired or

reconstructed.

During the analysis of the submitted documentation, several inadequacies were identified,

i.e. lack of a final design for the section Smokvica-Prdejci, no detailed information available

for extension and reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the section

Smokvica-Prdejci, lacking a clear quantification of materials which will be used, precise

locations of the borrow pits, asphalt and concrete base, landfills, characteristics and type of

machinery and equipment which will be used in the construction phase, number of workers

and workdays, accurate quantities of waste, lack of monitoring stations for monitoring of air

quality in the vicinity of the project section resulting in a more general definition of emissions

and potential impacts of pollutants on the environment.

During the site visit, conducted on 30.05.2013 by the expert team, the locations of the

constituent elements of the Motorway along the section were determined.

4.2 Description of the location

4.2.1 Macrolocation of the area

The reconstruction and extension of the Motorway A1 (E75), south of the intersection near

the village Smokvica to the south of the intersection near the village Prdejci (left

carriageway), belongs to the municipality of Gevgelija.

The Municipality of Gevgelija is one of the largest municipalities in the Republic of

Macedonia and it is located in the southern part of the country, along the valley of the river

Vardar and Motorway E-75 (Trans-European Corridor 10). On the north and on the east it is

bounded by the municipalities of Valandovo and Bogdanci, on the west by the municipalities

of Demir Kapija and Kavadarci and on the south with Machukovo (Evzoni) in Greece.

According to the latest administrative division from 2004, the former Municipality of Miravci is

annexed to the Municipality of Gevgelija. Municipality of Gevgelija covers an area of 48.5 ha

or 485 km2, with 17 settlements: Gevgelia, Bogorodica, Gabrovo, Davididovo, Kovanec,

Konsko, Miletkovo, Miravci, Moin, Mrzenci, Negorci, Novo Konsko, Petrovo, Prdejci,

Smokvica, Sermenin and Huma. The municipality is geographically important "bridge for

connection" between Central and Eastern Europe, southern part of Europe and the Middle

East.

Section Smokvica-Prdejci starts from the junction at the village Smokvica and continues

moving by the cultivable areas, nearly parallel with the river Vardar on its right side and ends


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south of the village Prdejci. The total length of the section is 6,726 km, starting from

chainage km 1145+073.20 to chainage km 1151+799.61.

Viewed in the direction from village Smokvica towards the village Prdecji, from the starting

point of the five-lane Motorway, the right carriage has 3 lanes and the left one has left lanes.

It means that the extension will be with one lane on the left carriageway in the green belt in

towards the right carriage. Then, in the total the length of about 1.5 km south of the village

Prdejci, the Motorway is complete with 6 lanes and on that part of the Motorway, no

construction works will be performed.

The location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to the other municipalities of the

Republic of Macedonia is presented on the following figure.

Figure 1 The location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to the other municipalities in the

Republic of Macedonia

The following figure shows the position of the A1 Motorway (E75) compared to the

Municipality of Gevgelija.

Figure 2 Position of the A1 motorway (E75) compared to the Municipality of Gevgelija

Municipality of

Gevgelija

Motorway1 (75)


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4.2.2 Microlocation of the area

The envisaged project activities "Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,

left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci"

will be performed at the location of the existing Motorway section "Smokvica-Predejci". The

Motorway section passes near the settlements Smokvica and Prdejci, at the closest distance

of about 100-150 m.

There are not any registered facilities that perform medical, social and educational activities

in the vicinity of project area.

Geomorphologicaly, the field of the locations is plain, which is part of Gevgelija field. On the

north and on the east are the transitions of the plain part and the rocky masses from Triassic

and Jurassic age. The terrain is characterized by disaggregated morphology.

The project area is a landscape unit under strong anthropogenic influence. It is flat and fertile

area where intensive agricultural activities are performed. Characteristic feature of this

landscape unit is the presence of human settlements and commercial complexes.

The project area is located in the basin of the lower course of the river Vardar and is situated

along its course.

The river Vardar is the most important watercourse in the Republic of Macedonia and covers

about 83% of the catchment area of the counrty. In the project area, thee river Vardar drains

the surface and groundwaters. Along the river Vardar, which is located in the distant

surroundings of the Motorway route, the project area includes rivers Zuica and Kovanska,

which are its tributaries. Near the village Smokvica there are rich sources of thermomineral

water.The industrial zone "Biloto" is in the immediate vicinity of the project area, for which Urban

Plan outside Settlement is already made and whose construction will start soon. Also, there

are two gas stations operating near the village Smokvic.

The route of the pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki is passing south of the village Prdejci. Also,

near the village Prdejci, part of the irrigation system "South Vardar Valley" is passing, which

is used for irrigation of the agricultural land in the area of Prdejci-Negorci. The route passes

near the pipeline for water supply of the village Smokvica.

Figure 3 Part of the surrounding of the section "Smokvica-Prdejci


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The immediate and wider surroundings of the Motorway section "Smokvica-Prdejci is shown

on the next "Google" images.


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Figure 4 Satellite images of the immediate surrounding of the section Smokvica-Prdejci

Figure 5 Satellite image of the wider surrounding of the section Smokvic-Prdejci

The location of the section Prdejci-Smokvica on a topographic map with a scale of 1:25 000

is presented in the next figure:


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Figure 6 Location of the section Prdejci-Smokvica on a topographic map with a scale of 1:25 000


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conducted, taking into account the thickness of the asphalt layer, the protective layer against

sliding on the road, the thickness of granulation chorused stone layer that is applied under

the asphalt, reinforced concrete structural base of the underpass and bridges on rivers

Kovanska and Zuica. This will provide data on the current state of the section and materials

which will be used for construction of a new lane, new bridges on rivers Kovanska andZuica, the new underpass on chainage km 1151+523.00, as well as the reconstruction of the

existing lanes of the carriageway

The Project envisages major construction activities on the underpass, which is in poor

condition, i.e. it will be demolished and in its place a new underpass will be constructed and

new fence, type "New Jersey". But despite this, all overpasses, underpasses, culverts, pipes

for drainage and irrigation passing under and near the Motorway. They will be repaired or

reconstructed.

During the site visit, conducted on 30.05.2013 by the expert team, the locations of the

constituent elements of the Motorway along the section were determined.

Structures found along the route of the motorway section Smokvic-Prdejci, on which major

construction works will be conducted are the bridge on the river Kovanska, located before

the overpass at the village Prdejci on the chainage km 1150+546.00, as well as the bridge

on the river Zuica at the chainage km 1148+774.51, consisting of two carriage lanes with an

average width of 12.9 m for each lane, built as a flat plate with three connections to the

motorway, with wing walls and upgrades, surrounded by specific fence. They are

constructed transversely to the river bed without additional regulation of the river beds, but it

is considered that it is not necessary, because the rivers in most of the year are dried.

Due to the dilapidation of the bridges and the weak structure, unsuitable for the planned

extension and reconstruction, they will be demolished and in their place new bridges with

three lanes in addition of the motorway will be built. The fence of the bridges called "New

Jersey" will be demolished and re-assembled. The demolition of the the bridges will be

performed by using heavy machinery, excavators and drillers, without using explosives.

Then, additional excavation of about 13.000 m3of earth will be performed, in order to make

the space from the river beds that are required for setting the foundations for the new

bridges. After that, the concrete and reinforced concrete works with a total volume of 2.000

m3 of concrete and iron reinformcement weighing 32 t will be conducted. In addition, the

preparatory works, placement of the crushed stone and asphalting will continue in the same

manner as at the motorway, with the only difference in the asphalt layer, which at the bridges

has a thickness of 8 cm. This would include an extension of the drainage system, building of

the structure and laying the pipes on the motorway, construction of sidewalks and fencing of

the bridges. At the end, testing of the new bridges in terms of load, weight load of the

structure and surface friction load on the bridge will be performed.

The systems for drainage of storm water that are collected on the motorway during rain are

set in the middle of the central reservation in the form of a network of canals, collection

sumps, pipes for conveying water and storm water culverts, through which without no


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previous treatment water is discharged in the vicinity and in the beds of the rivers Kovanska

and Zuica. The following figures show the layout of the drainage systems on the motorway.

Figure 8 Systems of canals for drainage on the motorway

In the middle of the central reservation, cement canals with a width of 50 cm are built, which

collect water and brings it to a collective manhole on every hundred meters. Drainage

systems are currently in poor condition due to the dilapidation and irregular maintenance,

part of the manholes and pipes are clogged by debris from vegetation (leaves, grass and

soil) that flow in the canals, therefore there is flooding of the motorway during the heavy

rains.

Figure 9 Bridge on river Zuica

Figure 10 Bridge on river Kovanska


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Figure 11 Underpass at the chainage km 1151+523.00

4.3.2 Project activities

The planned activities are extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway of the

Motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, i.e. extension of the left carriageway of the section

Smokvica-Prdejci and right carriageway of the section Negorci-Gevgelija, with special

reference to the above mentioned existing structures on and around the motorway. The

reconstruction includes set of preparatory works that will ensure uninterrupted operations

and that in terms of protecting the environment and the occupational health and safety of the

workers and the traffic participants are of great importance.

4.3.2.1 Preparatory works

Marking and securing of the alignment-before the commencement of the civil works

envisaged in the main design, the first thing that needs to be done is marking and securing

of the alignments of the envisaged roads with all signs for traffic safety, adjustment of the

speed of to the road conditions and traffic diversion.

Clearing of the alignment of from roots, trees and shrubs-because the road extension will

take place in the central reservation through the middle of the motorway, clearing along the

green central reservation in length of 6.726 km will be made. Then, the protective fencing

and plants along the construction site will be removed. Because it is vegetation consisting of

plants, grass, stubs and oleanders along the central reservation, there is no need for using

heavy machinery for clearing the ground, except hand saws, trimmers and scythes, rakes

and other hand tools.

Demolition of existing structures along the section-this work includes excavation and

dismounting of traffic signs, gutters, concrete channels (in length of 318 m), man holes,

demolition of bricks, stone or concrete walls (in amount of 80 m3), demolition of the existing

carriageway constructions, removal of kerbs, demolition of fences, buildings, existing flat

culverts, pipe culverts and their entry and exit heads and/or any other obstacles that could in

any way impede the construction.


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4.3.2.2 Substructure

Scraping of the existing asphalt-to provide comprehensive reconstruction and merging the

new with the existing carriageway lanes and correction of the damage that occured with the

continuous attrition and weathering, the surface layer of the asphalt along the project section

will be removed, with a thickness of 0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, >6 cm, determined by the construction

experts, with a total area of 15.428 m2.

Excavation of humus-this work encompasses the surface excavation of the humus

performed during the wide excavation of the alignment for the extension with the third lane in

total amount of 33.416 m3. Next, excavation of earth in a wide ditch in amount of 98.641 m3

will be made and compression of the formed broad plateau. After that, the surface and the

substructure with an area of about 155.398 m2 will be performed, with construction of

enhanced base from earth of about 68.642,5 m3. Once all of the construction works will be

completed, the central reservation will be restored and the excavated humus and soil will be

reused for filling the holes and damages in the project area and disposal of the waste

generated during earth works.

Subgrade-is a natural layer of soil on which the foundations of the embankments will be

placed. Works for construction of the subrage include compaction, possible excavation for

drying or suppression of the natural soil layer for gaining a thickness determined by the

design of about 30 cm. If the composition of the soil-subgrade is such that it prevents the

fulfillment of the criteria established with standards (saturated soil, mud, soil with organic

materials etc.) it will be necessary to prepare the subgrade which would be consistent with

the design criteria.

Embankment construction-for the embankment construction non-organic material with the

prescribed quality will be used. The embankments can contain organic rubble, roots, bushes,

or material that over time due to biochemical action, will change its mechanical and physical

characteristics. The material for the construction of an embankment can be obtained from

the cuts of the alignment or supply locations. The regulations controlling the quality of the

material used for embankment construction is given in the standards (MKS U.B1.010/79,

MKS U.B1.012/79, MKS U.B1.014/88 etc.). When examining the suitability of materials for

embankment construction, examinations will be made of every cut and supply location, as

well as when changing the material. The experiments should be done on a minimum of 2

samples for each type of material.

Nails near the structures-are constructed to eliminate deformations of the carriageway on

the joints between the embankment and the structure. The nail construction will be made in

one of the following manners: a) if the structure is finished before the embankment, then the

nail should be constructed in parallel b) If the structure is not finished and the embankment

is being constructed, then the nail should be constructed as near as possible to the structure

so that the subgrade could consolidate faster.

Level of the substructure-this works includes levelling of the substructure in the cuts,

embankments with rough and fine levelling and compacting. The works have to beperformed to the elevation envisaged in the design along the whole width of the level and in


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accordance with the standards. The same applies to the materials for the construction of the

final layer of the embankment.

Planning and distribution of the rest of the humus-this position will utilize the humus

material that had been previously taken to a temporary landfill. The construction of the

grassing and vegetative protection will be made immediately after the completion of the

embankment or the cut. The humus should be placed, leveled and compacted on a

previously arranged surface with a specific thickness determined by the design.

Excavation-the excavation of the canals will be performed before the commencement of

embankment works. The excavation will be made precisely according to the design details.

All excavation surfaces at the bottom or at the slopes will be constructed smoothly with the

proper slopes as to avoid the retention of water or the erosion of earth. The entire excavated

material will be used for embankments or other individual works, or it will be transported in

landfills determined by the Municipality.

Draining of the body of the road-Reconstruction of drainage system for storm water will be

carried out in accordance with the details of the Detailed design. In order to follow the

existing drainage system for storm water, reconstruction and rehabilitation of the drainage

system in the central reservation will be made in the new situation along the section. The

system of drainage canals with a total length of 972 m will be restored, because the old

canals are closed and clogged from different types of waste and the surrounding vegetation

and allocation to the interior of the central reservation the moving of the carriageway will be

performed. The pipes for drainage of storm water will be reconditioned and new concrete

manholes will be constructed for conveying the water to the culverts along the motorway.

The drainage system will be constructed of materials with the same quality and features as

the already renovated drainage system where construction has been completed. The system

will be consisted of collecting canals that will go in the middle of the central reservation in

width of 50 cm. Around them, the earth will make natural filtration and the water will be able

to dive to the layer of crushed stone, which is with larger granulation of the grains, and will

serve as a filter material so the water can easily f low to the pickup polyethylene pipe, with an

average diameter of 250 mm, perforated on the upper side. In this way, the storm water will

be successfully collected and drained. The tube will be placed in the appropriate base canal

with a width of about 100-130 cm, which at the bottom will be placed in sand with thickness

of 5 cm. Imperforated half of the pipe will then be incorporated into the concrete MB-20 to

provide a solid structure to further protect the system from external influences such as

vibrations, various pests etc. The following figure shows the cross section of the motorway

drainage system.


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Figure 12 Cross section of the motorway drainage system

4.3.2.3 Superstructure

Construction of sub-base layer of buffer-after completion of the construction works and

preparation of surface, the layer of crushed stone-feldspad with thickness of 35 cm will be

placed, with different grain size, which will serve as a basis for compaction in total amount of

40.000 m3which will prevent collapsing of the motorway.

Construction of a bitumen bearing layer-then, over the tampon layer a layer of bituminous

mixture, BNS 32 YA with thickness of 13 cm on an area of about 106.000 m2

will be applied.The modern top supportive bases made of bitumen granulated stone material, produced in

an asphalt base using Czech procedure, are defined with the standard MKS U.E9.021/86.

The production and implementation if the asphalt mixes BNS is done during favourable

climactic conditions, without rainfalls and when the surface temperature and the air

temperature (without wind) is above +5C. Standard stone aggregates, send, connective

substance-bitumen and filler are used as basic materials for the production of asphalt mixes

for BNS.

Construction of final layer of asphalt concrete-over the bituminous layer, after fine

compaction, asphalt layer in thickness of 6 cm will be layed, which will be further physicaly


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processed against wethering during usage. The asphalt concrete4will be applied as final

wear courses on the carriageway constructions. The construction of asphalt concretes

includes: supply of standard stone pebbles, connective substance (bitumen), production,

transport and implementation of the asphalt concrete mix in the final layer of the carriageway

construction.

The following figure shows the schematic procedure of application of all layers of the

superstructure and bringing it to the final stage of the motorway.

Figure 13 Schematic view of the asphalting and the thickness of the layers

After completing the procedures for coating the road, the road will be marked, carriageway

lanes will be drawn and the protective metal or concrete embankments and fences will be

placed, on the places where it is required by the project, which would secure the road from

illegal crossing of the surrounding people or animals and protection from possible slidings

from the road vehicles moving at inappropriate speeds and/or during worsened road

conditions.

4.3.2.4 Temporary diversion including traffic management

The reconstruction and extension of the motorway A1 (E75) will be done in phases:

1. During the construction of the left carriageway of the motorway, the traffic will flowcontinuously but with a reduced speed due to the presence of machinery. Themethod for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment is given on thefollowing figure.

4The production and implementation are defined with MKS U.E4.014/90.


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Figure 14 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during construction of

the left carriageway

2. On the locations where the newly designed carriageway overlaps the existing one, the

existing road will be extended from the left and right side. If the existing road is

extended at the same time when the new carriageway is being built, the construction

site will encompass a part of the carriageway (about 1.2 m) and so the free driving

surface will be 6.5 m wide. The traffic here will be two way with a speed limit of 60

km/h. The maximal length of the site will be 0.5 km. The method for traffic redirection

and signalisation and equipment is given on the following figure.


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Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, sectionSmokvica-Prdejci

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Figure 15 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipmenton the locations where the newly designed carriageway overlapsthe existing one


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Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci

3. When the new carriageway passes from the left to the right side, the construction

site encompasess half of the existing carriageway. On the free driving surface with

a width of 3.5 m the traffic will be one way and the other way will flow when the

one way is being stopped. The regulation will be manual. The allowed speed is 40

km/h. The length of the construction site is 200 m. The necessary signalisationand equipment is given on the next figure.


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Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, sectionSmokvica-Prdejci

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Figure 16 The necessary signalisation and equipment on the places when the new carriageway passes from the left to the right side


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4. After the construction of the new carriageway the existing road will be rehabilitated and

extended. The traffic, before the start of of the construction site, will be redirected along

the new carriageway. The new carriageway is with a width of 11.0 m or two driving lanes

and a stopping lane and a speed limit of 120 km/h. The traffic will flow in two directions

with a speed limit if 60 km/h. The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and

equipment is given on the next figure.

Figure 17 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during reconstruction and

extension of the existing road


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4.4 Raw and auxiliary materials

For the construction of all envisaged activities, new materials will be needed.

In the Main project, which is the basis for the preparation of the Environmental Protection Report,

the type and quantity of the materials which will be used in the construction phase, the source for

supply and the location (as borrow pits, concrete base, facilities for crushing the aggregate, fuel

stations, water supply, asphalt, etc.), temporary storage and management of the project area etc.

are not precisely defined5.

Also, there is no data in the Main project related to the use of labor, accommodation of the

workers and working conditions, in particular the number of employees, location of camps for

workers, working days/shifts, hours, water for sanitation, waste water management, waste

management, etc. The need for labor will be determined based on the preliminary data for

construction/rehabilitation, assessment of the intensity of the work and the available labor in the

companies engaged.

The transport of the excavated material will be performed by road, using the existing roads. For

reconstruction of the existing carriageway, the same way of transport for the construction

materials will be used.

In the main project, also, the place for disposing of the waste material is not defined6.

All the above missing data in the Main project will be provided by the Contractor engaged to

carry out the construction works on the basis of a tender.

Some data available in the basic project related to the types of building materials, anticipated

amounts and supply are presented in the following table.

5

All the above data missing in Main project will be provided in the Detailed design, prepared by a contractor, engaged to carry outconstruction work on the basis of activities defined in the tender documentation.

The final Design will define the type of materials, quantity, location of the borrow pits for materials, concrete and asphalt base, a way

of delivery and transportation etc. If there is a need for setting a concrete and asphalt base and also it is form borrow pits for materials

only for the project within the project area, in that case the Contractor will prepare appropriate documentation to protect the

environment upon which he will obtain pemit for working.

6The

locations for disposal of the waste generated in the construction phase will be defined in the Final design.


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Table 1 List of materials which will be used during the construction activities

Type of construction and

additional materials

Source Quantity Unit Storage area Remarks

Asphalt Asphalt base Not defined in this

phase

m3 Not defined in this

phase

The data will be

provided by the

Contractor7

Sand and gravel Provider -//- m3 -//- -//-

Cement Provider -//- m3 -//- -//-

Concrete Concrete

base

-//- m3 -//- -//-

Metal Provider -//- m3 -//- -//-

Plastic Provider-//-

m3 -//- -//-

Insulating materials Provider-//-

m -//- -//-

Welding materials Provider-//-

m -//- -//-

Electronic devices Provider-//-

m -//- -//-

Paints and coatings Provider-//-

m3 -//- -//-

Oil Provider-//-

m3 -//- -//-

Water Provider-//-

m3 -//- -//-

Water supply will be made with bottled water and by using tanks to carry water to meet the

sanitary needs of workers.

The required amount of water depends on the workload and the weather conditions, and thatswhy it cannot be accurately determines the consumption of drinking water and water for

sanitation needs. Also, water will be required for spraying the access roads and washing the

machines. The required amounts of technical water cannot be determined at this stage.

The working activities on the local road will be carried out only during the day so as not to use

electricity for lighting of the section.

The construction machinery will use diesel as fuel, in amounts that will depend on the dynamics

of the construction activities

As auxiliary materials for the extension and reconstruction of the section will be used:

Fuel;

Motor oil for the mechanization;

Lubricating oils for the mechanization etc.

7Contractors will be obligated to prepare Project for executing of the works, which will define the quality, sources of supply of raw

materials, management etc.


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The total amount of these auxiliary materials cannot be determined and will depend on the pace

and workload.

Other auxiliary materials that will be used during the extension and reconstruction are: pipes,

tires, spare parts for the machinery etc. Their volume cannot be accurately determined at this

stage.


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5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE PROJECT AREA

The planned project activities "Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left

carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci" will be

performed at the location of the existing motorway section "Smokvica-Predejci". The motorway

section passes near the settlements Smokvica and Prdejci, and the closest housing facilitiesand commercial buildings are located at about 100-150 m from the project area (motorway) in

the village Prdejci and at least 400 m in the village Smokvica.

Along the motorway alignment industrial buildings are registered, a quarry near the village

Prdejci, agricultural plantations, greenhouses and fallow land.

Near the project area there are no registered facilities that perform medical, social and

educational activities.

5.1 Geological characteristics of the terrain

The geology of the wider area generally is represented by:

Unbounded rocky masses

The part of the quarterly-alluvial sediments belongs to this group: sands and gravels, diverse

granulate with singles.

Half-bounded rocky masses

Clayey and dusty materials from the quarterly-alluvial sediments belong to this group. They are

characterized by lower representation in the narrower and the wider area.

Tied petrified rocky masses

The parent rocky masses that are from Triassic and Jurassic age belong to this group. These

are quarterly-alluvial sediments and have good physical and mechanical properties with good

bearing characteristics.

In most of the motorway route and beyond, parent rock mass are the diabases, which build up

the largest component of Paleorelief and alluvial sediments along the river Vardar. The

diabases are characterized by good physical and mechanical properties, and good bearing

characteristics.


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Figure 19Geological map of the wider area

5.2 Hydro-geological characteristics of the terrain

Represented lithological units, according to their hydrogeological function can be divided into:

hydrogeological collectors, hydrogeological conductors and hydrogeological insulators.

According to the hydrodynamic characteristics and the conditions that are dominant in this type

of aquifers area, a compact formations with free level of groundwater was developed.

Aquifer is formed in the terraces of river Vardar and it nourishes from the rainfall, and also has

direct transmissibility of river Vardar. As for the groundwater level, it ranges from 4.0 m to 10.0

m and has small fluctuations. According to yield, the ground belongs to the group of fields with

good yield.

Because of the unbounded lithological units registered with depths over 10 m and their

collection characteristics, hydrogeological parameters of the groundwater are with high values.


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Hydro-geological collectors

Sands and gravels belong to this group , which have a coefficient of filtration from n x 10 -2m/s to

n x 10-5m/s.

They developed well with free groundwater level and it is compact type.

Hydro-geological conductors

Clayey and dusty materials belong to this group, with a coefficient of filtration from n x 10-5m/s

to n x 10-7 m/s.

Hydro-geological insulators

Dusts and clays belong to this group, which are featured with good density and plasticity and

firmly bound petrified rock masses-diabases and they are with waterproof barrier and have

insulating capabilities. The coefficient ranges from n x 10-7m/s to n x 10-9m/s.

With the construction activities, the hydraulic characteristics of the environment will not bechanged.

Figure 20Hydro-geological map of the wider area


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5.2.1 Categorization of the ground by engineering-geological features

Based on the characteristics presented in the field of geological engineering-geological and

hydro-geological characteristics of the terrain, it belongs to the following categories, according

to construction standards, G.N.200:

Part of the sandy-gravel materials with clay binder of Alluvial and Proluvial sediments,

they belong to category III, mining can be done manually or with easy machinery.

Part of tightly bound petrified rocky masses-diabases that are base of the ground,

belong to category VI and VII. Partitioning is performed by machines but only in surface

areas with explosives into the deeper parts.

5.3 Geomorphological characteristics

The field, geo-morphologically is a plane, which is part of Gevgelija field. On the north and on

the east is the plain of transitions and rocky masses from Triassic and Jurassic age. The terrain

is characterized by disaggregated morphology.

Most of the alluvial layers is located on the western peripheral parts on the valley of the rivers

Sermeninska, Kovanska, Zuica and Stara, which are characteristic for the tributaries of the right

bank of the river Vardar. On both sides of the river Vardar, in the lowest parts of the valley has a

large area covered with tiered storage material.

Tectonic units of the field is mostly associated with Alpine and Hercins orogenesis. The field

belongs to the Vardar geotectonic unit, where there are no registered tectonic appearances and

processes.

5.4 Pedological characteristics

The presence and distribution of the soil types in the area of the motorway corridor is given

according to "Soils of the Republic of Macedonia" (Filipovich 1997-2004). Along the river Vardar

alluvial soils are distributed in the middle part of the valley which extends to 100 m above the

sea level. The layers of this soil are well aligned. They are water permeable and have good

capacity for water permeability. Alluvial soils containing low concentration of humus (below 1%).

There are many types of alluvial soil depending on certain special features. Such variations are

alluvial fine sorted carbonates, shallow alluvial soil of gravel material, alluvial soil etc. The most

common are sorted fine alluvial soils, alluvial covered soil.

Anthropogenic soils are distributed in the agricultural area of the motorway, because their

genesis is exclusively associated with anthropogenic activities.

The rigosolites are soil that is formed by human intervention in vineyards and orchards.


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5.5 Characteristics of the landscape

The project area is a landscape unit under strong anthropogenic influence. It is flat and fertile

area where are performed intensive agricultural activities. Characteristic feature of this

landscape unit is the presence of human settlements and commercial complexes.

Figure 21Characteristics of the landscape


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5.6 Existing Water Resources

The project area (motorway section Smokvica-Predejci) is located in the watershed of the lower

course of the river Vardar and it is situated along the river. The river Vardar is the most

important watercourse that drains surface and groundwater.

Figure 22Water-economy areas in the Republic of Macedonia

Along the river Vardar, which is located in the distant surroundings of the motorway section

(least distance of 400 m), the project area includes rivers Zuica and Kovanska, which are

flowing into the river Vardar.


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Figure 23Rivers in the project area


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River flow of the river Vardar varies throughout the year. The average existing water quality in

water measuring station (Gevgelia) is 170 m3/s, maximum is 2400 m3/s and the minimum is 14.4

m3/s. Yet this amount of water is the largest in the country.

The river Vardar, in the section from Udovo to Gevgelia has the characteristics of a typical

planar river. The average inclination of the riverbed in Smokvica is 1.19 , and in GevgelijaValley - 0.72 .

In terms of water quality, defined in accordance with the Regulation on the categorization of

streams, lakes, accumulations and groundwater ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 18/99), the river

Vardar from the estuary of river Crna to the border with Greece belongs in category II and III.

River Kovanska is a right tributary of the river Vardar, which spring is in the place called Flora

on Kozuf at an altitude of 1.700 m. From the start it is flowing on the northeast, then near Visoki

Kamen turns and runs to the southeast and is flowing into river Vardar near the village Prdejci

on an elevation of 53 m. It is 24 km long, with a catchment area of 62 km2and a relative decline

of 69 .

Figure 24River Kovanska


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Catchment area of the river Zuica is 27.53 km2, while the length of the basin is 10.71 km. The

source of the river is located at an altitude of 450 m, while downstream is flowing at an altitude

of 705 m, and the height of the bridge, which will be reconstructed is 63 m asl. The slope of the

flow is 30.52 , and the slope of the basin 59.94 .

The river Zuica receives a number of smaller rivers, which means that the catchment area of theriver has developed hydrological network.

Figure 25River Zuica

Water quality of the rivers Kovanska and Zuica is not defined in the Regulation on

categorization of streams, lakes, accumulations and groundwater ("Official Gazette of RM" no.

18/99).

Near the village Smokvica there are rich sources of thermo-mineral water.

The City of Gevgelia is supplied with water from groundwater wells, with capturing of two sites,

from the well within the factory Zora and the wells near the motorway or river Vardar.

The wells for water supply of Gevgelia are not located near the project area.

In accordance with the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, 2004 and the National Water

Strategy 2012-2040, adopted in 2012 in the wider environment of the project area construction

of hydropower plants Gjavato and Gevgelia is planned.


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Figure 26 Existing and planned hydropowerplants8

5.7 Climatic characteristics of the area

The wide openness of the Vardar Valley, and with it the Municipality of Gevgelia, towards the

Thessaloniki basin through the valley of Vardar, conditions strong influence of the

Mediterranean climate in this region. This influence is especially expressed in the valley up to

300 m asl and it is less changed in the hilly area to 600 m asl.

The average annual temperature in Gevgelija is 14.3C. The coldest month of the year is

January with an average temperature of 3.2C and the warmest is July with an average

temperature of 25.7C.

The average annual amount of rainfall is 745.2 mm3. The average humidity is 71-72 %, in winter

is 81-82 % and in summer it descends up to 56 %.

Fogs in the area of the municipality are rare occurrence. Fogs arise in the fall and winter

months, and are most expressed in December with 3.3 days.

Most expressed winds are Vardarec and Jug. Vardarec occurs from the north and Jug by

southeast direction.

8Source: National Water Strategy


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Figure 27Climatic map of the Republic of Macedonia

Figure 28Rose of winds


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5.8 Existing road and communal infrastructure

The planned project activities will be carried out on the motorway E-75 or Corridor X that

represents the most frequent road in the Republic of Macedonia and it is an important factor for

the local economic development, especially on transit tourism, in which a central place occupies

Gevgelija and border crossing Bogorodica.

Figure 29Road network of the Republic of Macedonia

Parallel with the projected section passes the international railway corridor Belgrade-Skopje-

Athens (Corridor X).


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Figure 30Railway corridors

Supply of electricity in Gevgelija is made with the electro energetic power system of Republic of

Macedonia and all the settlements are supplied with a stable voltage power grid.

In the widely environment of the project area there are above ground power lines Dubrovo-

Thessaloniki (400 kV) and Valandovo-Gevgelia (110 kV).

Figure 31 Electricity distribution networks and hydro/thermal power plants in the Republic of Macedonia9

9Source: Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia.


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Figure 33The route of the oil pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki

The route of the oil pipeline


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Figure 34 The route of the water supply and sewerage network at village Prdejci


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5.9 Biodiversity

The project area, i.e. the motorway section Smokvica-Prdejci is located near the railway line. A

special feature of this biotope located between the road corridors is the frequent presence of a

specific type of natural vegetation dictated by anthropogenic influence. Some neophytes are

present with local plants, and some of ruderal plant communities are adapted exclusively for

development along the road.

These kind areas of the road corridor are: Geranio-Silybetum mariani Oberd. (1954

characteristic for the margins of roads and railways), Lolio-Plantaginetum commutatae H-ic

(1934) 1963 and Sclerochloetum durae Br-Bl 1931 (typical for rigid soils along the roads and

streets). Because it is not specific for the area, they dont have high relevance to the overall

biodiversity of the region.

Along the section thermophilic mixed evergreen and deciduous forests and shrublands

belonging to the sub-Mediterranean-European sub-region-Macedonian-Thracian area are

present. This is the dominant type of vegetation that determines the characteristics of the sub-

Mediterranean hilly forest landscape.

Figure 35Existing vegetation along the section

The characteristic plant community is Coccifero-Carpinetum orientalis which implies dominance

of Carpinus orientalis. However, in the degraded zones Kermes oak is the dominant species


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and it is characterized by pseudomaquis. The current dominance of Kermes oak over the

Carpinus orientalis is a secondary characteristic, created because

annex 1 - epr smokvica - prdejci_eng_final

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