annelida the metameric body formlcwu.edu.pk/ocd/cfiles/zoology/min/zoo-101/lecture4.pdf · 2020. 4....
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ANNELIDA
THE METAMERIC BODY
FORMTOPIC 2
ANIMAL DIVERSITY
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General Characteristics Body metameric, bilaterally symmetrical, and wormlike
Protostome characteristics include spiral cleavage,
trochophore larvae (when larvae are present), and
schizocoelous coelom formation
Paired, epidermal setae
Closed circulatory system
Dorsal suprapharyngeal ganglia and ventral nerve
cord(s)
with ganglia
Metanephridia (usually) or protonephridia
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Members
Earthworm Leech
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Neries
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METAMERISM AND TAGMATIZATION
Earthworm bodies are organized into
a series of ring like segments. What is
not externally obvious, however, is
that the body is divided internally as
well.
Segmental arrangement of
body parts in an animal is
called metamerism (Gr.
meta, after mere, part).
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Significance of Metamerism:
The compartmentalization of the body has resulted in each
segment having its own excretory, nervous, and circulatory
structures.
Two related functions are probably the primary adaptive features of metamerism:
flexible support
efficient locomotion
Each segment has its coelomic space separated by
septa and each segment has its own muscles.
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Body is divided into segments that are separated by
septa (internal walls between each segment).
Some body segments may carry one or more pairs of
eyes, several pairs of antennae, and other organs.
Sometimes called “bristle worms” because of the tiny
chitonous bristles that they bear (except leaches) called
setae.
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Body type: bilateral
Ecological role:
– Parasitic
– Food source
– Aerate soil
– Breakdown material
Body organization:
3 layers – endoderm,
mesoderm, ectoderm
Body cavity: coelom
Coelom
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Digestive system
– complete with mouth & anus
– Food first moves through the
crop, where it is stored
– Then it moves through the
gizzard where it is ground into
smaller pieces.
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Reproduction
– Sexual:
Hermaphroditic with
cross fertilization
– Asexual: NONE
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• Circulation: blood, blood
vessels & aortic arches =
closed
• Nervous system: brain,
ganglion, nerves, sensory
organs
• Respiration: pharynx or
gills
• Excretion: nephridia,
anus, tubes
• Habitat: host (external),
soil, water
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Classes
• Oligochaeta – Earthworm
• Polychaeta – Marine worm
• Hirudinea – Leech
• Free living – earthworm & marine worm
• Parasitic - leech
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Class Polychaeta (pole-ke¯tah)
The largest annelid class;
mostly marine; head with eyes
and tentacles;
parapodia bear numerous
setae;
monoecious or dioecious;
development frequently
involves a trochophore larval
stage.
Nereis, Arenicola, Sabella.
More than 5,300 species.
Neries Arenicola
Sabella
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Class Oligochaeta (ol i-go-ke¯tah)
Few setae and no parapodia;
no distinct head; monoecious
with
direct development; primarily
freshwater or terrestrial.
Lumbricus,
Tubifex.
Over 3,000 species.
Lumbricus
Tubifex
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Class Hirudinea (hiru-din e-ah)
Leeches;
bodies with 34 segments;
each segment subdivided into
annuli; anterior and posterior suckers
present; monoecious with direct
development; parapodia absent;
setae reduced or absent.
Freshwater, marine, and terrestrial.
Hirudo. Approximately
500 species.
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