anita jones - computer science and...

Legends in Computing

Anita Jones2007 IEEE Founders Medal Director of Defense Research and Engineering at the U.S. Department of Defense from 1993 to 1997Fellow of the

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)American Association for the Advancement of Science IEEE

Author of two books and more than 40 papersU.S. Air Force Meritorious Civilian Service AwardDistinguished Public Service AwardCongressional Record tribute Augusta Ada Lovelace Award from the Association for Women in ComputingLawrence R. Quarles Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Virginia’s School of Engineering and Applied Science


Amy PearlDesigner and implementer

of the Sun Link Service, an open protocol for creating hypertext links between elements of desktop applications

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Programming the Eniac

Programs were not storedEvery new problem required new connections


Stephanie RosenthalComputing Research Association Outstanding Female Undergraduate Award, 2007research at CMU on social robotics led to two publications. research on collaborative learning, potential interfaces for use with interactive whiteboards and experiments about issues in collaboration, resulted in a first-authored publication.


1950s Assembler Programming Class

This would be so much

easier with a computer…


Elaine KantFounder and president of SciCompFellow of the American Association for Artificial IntelligenceFellow of the American Association for the Advancement of ScienceOutstanding Achievement Award in Science/Technology, from University YWCAU.S. Patent No. 6,173,276, System and Method for Financial Instrument Modeling and Valuation, with C. Randall. U.S. Patent No. 6,772,137, System and Method for Financial Instrument Modeling Using Monte Carlo Simulation, with C. Randall.


Babbage’s Difference Engine, 1822

Babbage's difference engine No. 2

Finally built in 1991Could hold 7

numbers of 31 decimal digits

Could tabulate 7th degree polynomials


Tracy CampCo-chair of ACM's Committee on Women in Computing from 1998-2002ACM-W liaison to the National Center for Women in Information Technology. Keynote speaker at the 2006 Australian Women in IT Conference (AusWIT). Authored over 15 newspaper and magazine articles on Women in Computing published in the N.Y. Times, the Chicago Tribune, USA Today, and Scientific AmericanACM Distinguished LecturerIEEE Senior MemberACM Distinguished Scientist


1890: Hollerith Tabulating System

Census CounterHollerith Tabulating System Was A System Of Machines

Punch, Tabulator Sorting Box

Hollerith's Business Joined A Firm That Later Became IBM.


Anita BorgFounded the Systers online community in 1987Co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of

Women in Computing, inspired by the legacy of Navy Admiral Grace Murray Hopper.

Founded the Institute for Women and Technology which began new programs, partnerships and initiatives to include women in all aspects of technology.

President appointment to the Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technloogy.

Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment

Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery

Board of Directors of the Computing Research Association

National Academy of Engineering's Committee for the Celebration of Women in Engineering

National Research Council's Committee on Women in Science and Engineering


1943-45: Eniac

Electrical Numerical Integrator And ComputerBuilt To Compute Ballistics Tables For U.S. Army Artillery During World War II.

1,000 Times Faster Than Any Existing Device.

External Plug Wires Used To Program The MachinePrincipal Designers, J. Presper Eckert And John MauchleyCost, About $400,000


Helen Greiner

Co-founder and chairman of iRobot, a consumer roboticscompany Ernst and Young New England Entrepreneur of the Year, 2003 Technology Review Magazine "Innovator For The Next Century" DEMO god award at the DEMO conferenceWorked at NASA jet propulsion laboratory, MIT’s artificial intelligence laboratory.


Susan Owicki

Researched distributed systems, performance analysis, and trusted systems for electronic commerce.


ENIAC - Vacuum Tubes

ENIACUsed Some 18,000 Vacuum Tubes. 30 Feet By 50 FeetWeighed 30 TonsThe ENIAC was a decimal

machine!


Telle Whitney

Co-founder of NCWITPresident and CEO Anita

Borg Institute for Women and Technology

Founder and VP Malleable Technologies

Co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference along with Dr. Anita Borg.


The First Bug - 1947

A moth stuck in one of the ENIAC components.Engineers taped it in their logbook

"first actual case of bug being found."


Maria KlaweFifth (And 1st Woman) President Of Harvey MuddCollegeDean Of The School Of Engineering And Applied Science At Princeton University. University Of British Columbia

Head Department Of Computer ScienceVice President Of Student And Academic Services Dean Of Science

Research Scientist And Manager At IBM AlmadenResearch Center, In San Jose, California


Rosa Peter

Founded recursive function theory


IAS (1946-1952)

Institute For Advanced Study At Princeton University.Designed And Directed By John Von Neumann.Cost: Several Hundred Thousand Dollars.

Used externally stored programs that could be loaded and executed.


Frances Bilas Spence

One of the first computer programmers

One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC


Lucy SandersCEO and Co-founder of the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT)Executive in Residence at the ATLAS Institute at the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU.) development and executive positions at AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Bell Labs, and Avaya Labs Bell Labs Fellow AwardHolds six patents in the communications technology area. Board Member of Engineering Advisory Council and the Department of Computer Science Advisory Board at CU, the Denver Public Schools Computer Magnet Advisory Board, the Advisory Board for the Women's College Applied Computing Program at the University of Denver, and several corporate boards. Distinguished Alumni Award from the Department of Engineering at CUConference Chair for the 2007 Grace Hopper Conference


1949: Core MemorySmall Ring, Or Core, Of Ferrite (A Ferromagnetic Ceramic)

Magnetically driven spin One Bit Of Information. For Almost 15 Years, 'Core' Was The Most Important Memory Device. The Invention Of Core Memory In Was A Leap Forward In Cost-effectiveness And Reliability.


Meg Whitman

President and CEO of eBayBoard of Directors of Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks Animationworth an estimated $1.5 billion in 2005. one of only five women on Earth to have been repeatedly ranked among the world's most influential people by Time magazine.


1965: PDP8

Programmed Data Processor50,000+ SoldCost: $18,000Primary Memory: 4K

12-bit Word Core Memory

Speed: 1.5 Micro-second Cycle Time

Modern computers have a half-billionth second cycle time


Amy Wohl

President and Founder of Wohl Associates consulting firm.

Pioneered office automation and ergonomics


Fran Allen

Made significant contributions to compiler research

First woman to become an IBM Fellow


Barbara Liskov

Developed CLU in the 70s, Argus in the 80s, and Theta in the 90s

CLU influenced development of ADTs

http://pmg.lcs.mit.edu/~liskov/index0.html


1960s/70s Card Reader

Card is pre-printed with FORTRAN field layouts


Kathleen (Kay) McNulty MauchlyAntonelli




1977: Trs-80

Radio Shack "Trash-80," 4K Of MemoryCould Not Handle Lowercase LettersOnly Three Error Messages:

"HOW?" "What" "Sorry"

Cost Only $400! Some 55,000 Machines Sold In First Year


Stephanie Seneff

Research and development of computer speech recognition


Jean Jennings Bartik




1979: Vic-20

Processor Speed: 1.0227 Mhz. ROM: 16kbRAM: 5kb (3.5kb User Memory)

Expandable To 32kb. Screen: 22 Columns By 23 Rows.Sound: 3 Voices Plus White Noise. Media: Tape Drive


Alice BurksOne of 75 female "computers"

working at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering to perform calculations necessary to create firing and bombing tables

Coauthored numerous articles on ENIAC and the history of computers with her husband, Arthur Burks, a computer scientist who was part of the ENIAC team.


1984: MacintoshRevolutionary Graphical User Interface (GUI).

A Device Called A MousePictorial Symbols (Icons) On The Screen. Select Commands, Call Up Files, Start Programs, Etc.

Original Selling Price: $2,495


Ada (Lady Lovelace) Byron

MathematicianPatron of Charles BabbageWrote first program that

calculated Bernoulli numbers

U. S. Department of Defense named language in 1979 in her honor

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Ada_Lovelace_1838.jpg


Edith Clarke

First woman to earn MSc. Degree from MIT in EE in 1919

Received patent in 1921 for a graphical calculator

First woman to teach engineering at University of Texas, Austin in 1947


Misha Mahowald“Neuromorphic”

engineering – the application of analog CMOS VLSI technology to the fabrication of analog electronic circuits that emulate real neural systems


Enigma

portable ciphermachine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. electro-mechanical rotor machinesvariety of different models.

http://www.cs.kent.edu/~walker/photos/05-05-03_BayArea/pages/DSCN4836.html


Ruth Davis

Provided leadership at the National Bureau of Standards

President and Founder of the PymatuningGroup


Nordon BombsightMechanical analog computer made up of gyros, motors, gears, mirrors, levers and a telescope.Determined the exact moment bombs had to be dropped to hit the target accurately. On later versions would actually fly the plane through the bomb run while coupled to the airplanes controls.Claimed to be accurate enough to hit a 100 foot circle from and altitude of 21,000 feet (4 miles).



Jean E. SammetFirst group leader for

programmers in the engineering organization of Sperry Gyroscope

One of first to teach computer courses for academic credit

Supervised initial specification and design of COBOL compiler on MOBIDIC

Authored "Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals"

President of ACM in the 1970s


Ruth Dayhoff

Wrote Information Processing Standards

Wrote about the object-oriented properties of MUMPS


Whirlwind I

First computer that operated in real timeused video displaysfor output

Led to the United States Air Force's Semi Automatic Ground Environment(SAGE)



ENIAC WomenFirst to program with

machine language

First programmers of ENIAC

First “computers”calculating bombing and firing trajectory tables during WWII


Ruth LichtermanTeitelbaum




Sage - 1950s to 1980s

Semi Automatic Ground Environmentautomated control system used by NORADfor collecting, tracking and intercepting enemy bomber aircraftLater versions could automatically direct aircraft to an interception by sending commands directly to the aircraft's autopilot.




Thelma Estrin

Recognized for her computer contributions to brain research and healthcare technology


Line Printer

high speed impact printerPrint speeds of 600 to 1200 lines-per-minute

approximately 10 to 20 pages per minute



Marilyn Wescoff Meltzer




Margaret R. FoxElectronics engineer in

radar at the Naval Research Station in Washington

Chief of the Office of Computer Information in the NBS Institute for Computer Science and Technology

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.smartcomputing.com/images/smartcomputing/thumb/00640724.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp%3Farticle%3Darticles/archive/r0605/28r05/28r05.asp%26guid%3D&h=120&w=86&sz=3&hl=en&sig2=v_nne8iFgnE92uvhXKGf3Q&start=6&tbnid=smcDbwyjrnEQ2M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=63&ei=UYm_RYj0OLroaJqM3fEF&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFox,%2BMargaret%2BR%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-41,GGLJ:en%26sa%3DN


Circuit boardsprinted circuit boards, or PCBsconnect electronic components using conductivepathways etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. rugged, inexpensive, and highly reliablehigher initial cost than either wire-wrapped or point-to-point constructed circuits



Adele Goldberg

Led design team for Smalltalk

Worked in creation of first window- and icon-based user interface


Barbara G. Ryder

Professor of Computer Science at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersy

Worked at Bell Laboratories which developed Unix, C, and pcc.


Adele Goldstine

Wrote Manual for the ENIAC which detailed the machine down to its resistors

Her assistant

Adele


Evelyn Boyd GranvilleFirst African American woman to

earn a Ph.D. in Mathematics (Yale,1949)

Developed computer programs used to analyze trajectories in the MercuryProject (first manned U.S. space mission) and in the Apollo Project (sending U.S.astronauts to the moon)


IBM System/360 -1964

Mainframe computersystem family by IBMFirst to make clear distinction between architecture and implementationAllowed IBM to release a suite of compatible designs at different price points

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/IBM360-65-1.corestore.jpg


Madge Griswold

Helped develop the Icon Programming Language


Digital Equipment VAX 11-780 –1970s

32-bit computing architectureorthogonal instruction set (machine language) virtual addressing CISC

large number of addressing modesmachine instructions



Lois Haibt

Developed arithmetic expression analyzer, an essential component of the FORTRAN compiler


Emmy Noether

Researched abstract algebra which provided the foundation for Prolog


Cray-1 - 1976

One of the best known and most successful supercomputers in history. First Cray design to use integrated circuits (ICs). Each IC contained four "gates", each containing perhaps four transistors. Total of about 200,000 gates, roughly the same as the Intel 386 of the 1980s.



Margaret Hamilton

Founded Higher Order Software and Hamilton Technologies, Inc.


Cray-2 - 1985

VectorsupercomputerFastest machine in the world when it was released Components were too tightly packed for air cooling, so fluid cooling system was used

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/81/Cray2.jpg


Kim Polese

Driving force behind Java

President and CEO of Marimba, Inc.


Barbara Hayes-Roth

Author of the Guardian system

http://www.extempo.com/images/gallery_bhr_thumbnail.jpg


Kathleen Jensen

Co-author of PASCAL User Manual and Report


Illiac IV - 1976

High parallelism with up to 256 processorsCommercial failure

LateOver budgetOutperformed by existing commercial machines like the Cray-1.




Srinija Srinivasan

Yahoo!’s fifth employeeManages Yahoo! Inc's team of

Surfers Responsible for the design and

maintenance of Yahoo!'soverall classification and organization scheme

Cyc Project, database of human commonsense knowledge


Frances Snyder (Betty) Holberton

Created first sort-merge generator

Involved in development and standardization of FORTRAN and COBOL


Xerox Perq & Alto Workstations

Possible first personal computer or workstation

bit-mapped graphicsmousemenusicons

Also networked using Ethernet local area networking protocol



Erna Schneider HooverInvented a computerized

switching system for telephone traffic and received one of the first patents for software ever awarded


Digital Equipment DEC-10Same computer as the PDP-10.

Digital Equipment Corp. changed the name about 1973

installation included multiple full-size cabinets for

CPUmemorycontrollersnetworking front endsmagnetic tapedisk drivesline printers

Electrical bill and maintenance costs of thousands of dollars per month



Grace Murray Hopper1953: Invented The Compiler

Translates English Language Instructions Into Language Of The Target Computer

Major influence in acceptance and standardization of COBOL


Control Data CDC6600 -1964

Mainframe computerGenerally considered to be the first successful supercomputerWorld's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969



Jeannette Wing

National Science Foundation (NSF) assistant director for Computer Science & Information Science and Engineering (CISE)President's Professor and head of the Computer Science Department in Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science (SCS)

anita jones - computer science and...

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