animal science ii- small animal unit b- the small animal care industry
TRANSCRIPT
Animal Science II- Small Animal Science II- Small AnimalAnimal
Unit B- The Small Animal Care Unit B- The Small Animal Care IndustryIndustry
Essential Standard 3.00Essential Standard 3.00
Discuss the importance of the Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.small animal industry.
Objective 3.01Objective 3.01
Discuss careers and skills needed for Discuss careers and skills needed for employment in the small animal care employment in the small animal care industry.industry.
AssignmentAssignment
Title your notes today Small Animal Title your notes today Small Animal IndustryIndustry
Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry can benefit society in general. Put a few can benefit society in general. Put a few of your own ideas in you notebook.of your own ideas in you notebook.
Benefits of Small AnimalsBenefits of Small Animals
EconomicEconomic $38.5 billion to national economy (2006)$38.5 billion to national economy (2006)
Companions to 60% of American Companions to 60% of American FamiliesFamilies
Children learn responsibilityChildren learn responsibility Improves quality of life for elderlyImproves quality of life for elderly
Product testingProduct testing Develop drugs and vaccinesDevelop drugs and vaccines
Hepatitis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccines Hepatitis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccines
Benefits of Small AnimalsBenefits of Small Animals
Benefits of Small AnimalsBenefits of Small Animals
Pet therapyPet therapy Relieve depressionRelieve depression Reduces heart diseaseReduces heart disease
Watch dogs, police dogs, seeing eye Watch dogs, police dogs, seeing eye dogsdogs
Rabbit meatRabbit meat Low in cholesterol, sodium and fatLow in cholesterol, sodium and fat
Fur and woolFur and wool
Benefits of Small AnimalsBenefits of Small Animals
ExhibitionExhibition Zoos, circus acts, etc.Zoos, circus acts, etc.
Rabbits provide multiple benefitsRabbits provide multiple benefits PetsPets FoodFood Clothing Clothing ResearchResearch
EconomicsEconomics
Retail pet stores 15,000-18,000 in the U.S.15,000-18,000 in the U.S.
Biomedical researchBiomedical research Supported by $15 billion in taxes and charitySupported by $15 billion in taxes and charity 65-100 million small animals65-100 million small animals
EducationEducation 6 million used for dissection6 million used for dissection
EconomicsEconomics
4 million small animals used in the LD50 4 million small animals used in the LD50 testtest
Americans spending on petsAmericans spending on pets $20.3 billion$20.3 billion
EconomicsEconomics
Veterinary expensesVeterinary expenses $9.2 billion annually$9.2 billion annually Supplies and OTC medicines $9.3 billionSupplies and OTC medicines $9.3 billion Grooming and Boarding $2.7 billionGrooming and Boarding $2.7 billion
Dogs require twice as much for Dogs require twice as much for veterinary care as catsveterinary care as cats
Pet food manufacturers produce $15.4 Pet food manufacturers produce $15.4 billion in sales (2006)billion in sales (2006)
General Pet OwnershipGeneral Pet Ownership
10 million more cats than dogs (81.7 to 72 10 million more cats than dogs (81.7 to 72 million)million)Each owner averages two catsEach owner averages two cats
More households have dogs (37.2%) than More households have dogs (37.2%) than cats (32.4%)cats (32.4%)
Fish, birds, and rabbits rank third, fourth, Fish, birds, and rabbits rank third, fourth, and fifth respectively.and fifth respectively.
Job TypesJob Types
Care and management industryCare and management industryPetsPetsLab animalsLab animalsZoo animalsZoo animalsHealthHealthTrainingTrainingBiological SciencesBiological Sciences
Food and equipment supplyFood and equipment supply
Job TypesJob Types
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology Pharmaceutical and biotechnology researchresearchHospitalsHospitalsUniversitiesUniversitiesDiagnostic LabsDiagnostic LabsPrivate firmsPrivate firms
Job TypesJob Types
ExhibitorsExhibitorsOperates animals actsOperates animals acts
CarnivalsCarnivalsCircusCircusFairs (Cleveland County Fair)Fairs (Cleveland County Fair)ZooZooMarine mammal displaysMarine mammal displays
Care and Management JobsCare and Management Jobs
1.1. Pet care workerPet care worker Boarding kennelsBoarding kennels Animal hospitalsAnimal hospitals SheltersShelters Pet storesPet stores Training schoolsTraining schools Pet grooming parlorsPet grooming parlors
Care and Management JobsCare and Management Jobs
2.2. Kennel attendantsKennel attendants Feeds and cares for animalsFeeds and cares for animals CleansCleans
3.3. Animal groomersAnimal groomers Bathes, brushes & trims hair and nailsBathes, brushes & trims hair and nails
4.4. Dog trainersDog trainers Teaches the dog to obey signals or Teaches the dog to obey signals or
commandscommands
Care and Management JobsCare and Management Jobs
5.5. Small Animal BreedersSmall Animal Breeders Raise & market fur-bearing animals, lab Raise & market fur-bearing animals, lab
animals, and supply animals for pet shopsanimals, and supply animals for pet shops Usually specialized for one breedUsually specialized for one breed
6.6. Pet shop owners and managersPet shop owners and managers7.7. DealersDealers
Sell lab animalsSell lab animals ResearchResearch EducationEducation
Care and Management JobsCare and Management Jobs
8.8. Veterinarians (DVM)Veterinarians (DVM) Control animal injuries and diseaseControl animal injuries and disease Disease preventionDisease prevention InspectionInspection
o Meat and animals productsMeat and animals products
SurgerySurgery Establish dietsEstablish diets Prescribe medicationsPrescribe medications
Care and Management JobsCare and Management Jobs
9.9. Vet. TechniciansVet. Technicians1.1. Assist veterinarians and other staffAssist veterinarians and other staff
Skills needed:Skills needed: Previous experience as a keeperPrevious experience as a keeper Part-time volunteer workPart-time volunteer work
SheltersShelters Pet shopsPet shops clinicsclinics
Essential Standard 3.00Essential Standard 3.00
Discuss the importance of the Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.small animal industry.
Objective 3.02Objective 3.02
Discuss medical terminology used by Discuss medical terminology used by those working in the veterinarian phase of those working in the veterinarian phase of the small animal care industrythe small animal care industry
Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology
Components of medical terminologyComponents of medical terminologyPrefixPrefix
Beginning of the word indicating:Beginning of the word indicating: NumberNumber LocationLocation TimeTime StatusStatus
Root wordsRoot wordsWord part that gives the fundamental meaning of a Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of a
wordword
Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology
SuffixesSuffixesWord part at the end of a word indicating:Word part at the end of a word indicating:
ProcedureProcedureConditionConditionDiseaseDiseaseDisorderDisorder
Medical PrefixesMedical Prefixes
1.1. a-, an- without, lack ofa-, an- without, lack of Anemia- without bloodAnemia- without blood
2.2. anti- against, opposinganti- against, opposing Antiseptic- against infectionAntiseptic- against infection
3.3. bi- two, double, twicebi- two, double, twice Bilateral- two sidesBilateral- two sides
4.4. dys- painful, difficult, abnormaldys- painful, difficult, abnormal Dysentery- abnormal infection of the colonDysentery- abnormal infection of the colon
5.5. pre- beforepre- before Preoperative- before surgeryPreoperative- before surgery
Medical Root WordsMedical Root Words
1.1. carpcarp wristwrist
carpel- pertaining to the wrist carpel- pertaining to the wrist
2.2. cardicardi heartheart
cardiology- study of the heart cardiology- study of the heart
3.3. dorsdors backback
dorsal- relating to the backdorsal- relating to the back
Medical Root WordsMedical Root Words
4.4. dent, odontdent, odont teethteeth
dentist- person who works with teethdentist- person who works with teeth
5.5. GastrGastr stomachstomach
gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomachgastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach
6.6. GingivGingiv gumsgums
gingivitis- inflammation of the gumsgingivitis- inflammation of the gums
7.7. phleb, venphleb, ven veinvein
phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veinsphlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins
Medical SuffixesMedical Suffixes algiaalgia
PainPain arthralgia- painful jointsarthralgia- painful joints
centesiscentesis Procedure to remove fluidProcedure to remove fluid
Cytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladderCytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladder itisitis
inflammationinflammation bronchitisbronchitis
rrhearrhea Flow or dischargeFlow or discharge
diarrheadiarrhea
Positional TerminologyPositional Terminology
Ventral-underside of the bodyVentral-underside of the bodyCranial-headCranial-headAnterior-front of the bodyAnterior-front of the bodyPosterior-rear of the bodyPosterior-rear of the bodyDorsal-backDorsal-backCaudal-tailCaudal-tail
Positional TerminologyPositional Terminology
Dorsal (frontal) plane-plane that divides Dorsal (frontal) plane-plane that divides the body into the dorsal (back) and ventral the body into the dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts(belly) parts
Positional TerminologyPositional Terminology
Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) plane-plane that divides the body into plane-plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.cranial and caudal parts.
Positional TerminologyPositional Terminology
Visit the following website to view a Visit the following website to view a Virtual Cat DissectionVirtual Cat DissectionExternal Anatomy LinkExternal Anatomy Link
http://http://bio.bd.psu.edu/cat/index.htmbio.bd.psu.edu/cat/index.htm
General TerminologyGeneral Terminology
1.1. AntisepsisAntisepsis
2.2. BiopsyBiopsy
3.3. CatheterizationCatheterization
4.4. ClutchClutch
General TerminologyGeneral Terminology
5.5. ColostrumColostrum
6.6. Contact transmissionContact transmission
7.7. EndogenousEndogenous
8.8. ExogenousExogenous
9.9. IncubationIncubation
General TerminologyGeneral Terminology
10.10. Infectious diseaseInfectious disease
11.11. Pocket petsPocket pets
12.12. Preventative health care programsPreventative health care programs
13.13. QuarantineQuarantine
14.14. SpayingSpaying
15.15. NeuteringNeutering
16.16. ZoonosesZoonoses
Essential Standard 4.00Essential Standard 4.00
Explore social issues related to Explore social issues related to working with small animals.working with small animals.
Objective 4.01Objective 4.01
Summarize animal rights and animal Summarize animal rights and animal welfarewelfare
Animal RightsAnimal Rights
Not the same as animal welfare.Not the same as animal welfare.Media may wrongly use the two terms Media may wrongly use the two terms
interchangeably.interchangeably.
Modern Animal Rights MovementModern Animal Rights Movement
Over 400 animal rights groups exist todayOver 400 animal rights groups exist todayCame into prominence in the 1960s and Came into prominence in the 1960s and
1970s1970s Initially mainly made up of urban people, Initially mainly made up of urban people,
many of whom were vegetariansmany of whom were vegetarians
Animal Rights BeliefsAnimal Rights Beliefs
Animals have same rights as humans Animals have same rights as humans (humans are also animals).(humans are also animals).
Use of animals for human purpose is Use of animals for human purpose is wrong and suggests that humans are wrong and suggests that humans are superior to animals.superior to animals.
Animals should not be used for Animals should not be used for entertainment.entertainment.
Animal Rights BeliefsAnimal Rights Beliefs
Animals should not be used for:Animals should not be used for: FoodFood ClothingClothing Medical researchMedical research Product testingProduct testing
Ecoterrorism is often used to prevent Ecoterrorism is often used to prevent people from using animals.people from using animals.
PETAPETA
People for the Ethical Treatment of People for the Ethical Treatment of AnimalsAnimals
Largest animal rights group in the world Largest animal rights group in the world with over 800,000 memberswith over 800,000 members
Since 1980, it has been dedicated to Since 1980, it has been dedicated to establishing and protecting rights of establishing and protecting rights of animals.animals.
Animal WelfareAnimal Welfare
Animal domestication dates back to early Animal domestication dates back to early Chinese and Egyptian cultures.Chinese and Egyptian cultures.
Early U.S. used animals for food, clothing, Early U.S. used animals for food, clothing, shelter, transportation, and horsepower.shelter, transportation, and horsepower.
Animal Welfare (Religious)Animal Welfare (Religious)
Creation view that God gave man Creation view that God gave man dominion over animals including use and dominion over animals including use and carecareGenesis 1:26Genesis 1:26
Various religions use animal sacrifice and Various religions use animal sacrifice and detail how to humanely slaughter the detail how to humanely slaughter the animal.animal.
Animal Welfare (Legal)Animal Welfare (Legal)
Animal welfare influenced early laws.Animal welfare influenced early laws.Laws protecting animals were present Laws protecting animals were present
before the animal rights movement.before the animal rights movement.
Animal Welfare BeliefsAnimal Welfare Beliefs
Humane treatment of animalsHumane treatment of animalsProper housing and nutritionProper housing and nutritionProper care for disease prevention and Proper care for disease prevention and
treatment for injuriestreatment for injuriesEuthanasia or slaughter should be done in Euthanasia or slaughter should be done in
a humane way.a humane way.
The Vote?The Vote?
Do animals have rights?Do animals have rights?Should animals be used Should animals be used
for food?for food?Should animals be used Should animals be used
for experimentation?for experimentation?Should hunting and Should hunting and
trapping of animals be trapping of animals be allowed?allowed?
Objective 4.02Objective 4.02
Demonstrate safe work habits and Demonstrate safe work habits and techniques used when working with small techniques used when working with small animals.animals.
ZoonosesZoonoses
A disease that can be transmitted from A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humansanimals to humans
Example: RabiesExample: Rabies
RabiesRabies
A viral diseaseA viral diseaseAffects the nervous systemAffects the nervous systemContracted by:Contracted by:
BitesBitesScratchesScratchesSalivaSaliva
RabiesRabies
Immunization is recommended when in Immunization is recommended when in doubtdoubt
93% of reported cases were in wild 93% of reported cases were in wild animalsanimals
Children ages 5-9 make up less than 9% Children ages 5-9 make up less than 9% of the population receive the most animal of the population receive the most animal bites (30%)bites (30%)
Most domestic animals are not infected if Most domestic animals are not infected if vaccinated regularlyvaccinated regularly
ToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis
Disease from Disease from Toxoplasma gondiiToxoplasma gondii parasite parasiteUsually carried by catsUsually carried by cats
Infected by ingesting contaminated miceInfected by ingesting contaminated miceSpread by:Spread by:
Cat fecesCat fecesContaminated cat litterContaminated cat litter
Affects those with suppressed immune Affects those with suppressed immune systemsystem
ToxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis
Concern for pregnant womenConcern for pregnant womenMiscarriageMiscarriagePremature babiesPremature babiesBlindness in babiesBlindness in babies
Prevention:Prevention:Disposable gloves when cleaning litter boxDisposable gloves when cleaning litter boxThoroughly washing handsThoroughly washing hands
RingwormRingworm
Fungal diseaseFungal disease Skin lesion: Skin lesion:
RoundRound Scaly and encrustedScaly and encrusted Loss of hair at siteLoss of hair at site
Spread by direct contactSpread by direct contact Indirectly by equipmentIndirectly by equipment Treatment:Treatment:
Iodine soap or antifungal drugsIodine soap or antifungal drugs
Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)
Contracted by caged birds such as Contracted by caged birds such as parrots, budgerigars, and related birdsparrots, budgerigars, and related birds
Transmitted through feces and fecal dustTransmitted through feces and fecal dustBacteriaBacteria
Prevention:Prevention:Wear dust maskWear dust maskEliminating mites and liceEliminating mites and liceSpraying disinfectants on bird feathersSpraying disinfectants on bird feathers
Cat-scratch feverCat-scratch fever
Non-seriousNon-seriousCat bites and scratchesCat bites and scratchesSymptoms:Symptoms:
Localized swelling and sorenessLocalized swelling and sorenessTreated with antibioticsTreated with antibioticsAffected area may be slow to healAffected area may be slow to heal
Cat-scratch feverCat-scratch fever
SamonellosisSamonellosis
Caused by the Caused by the SalmonellaSalmonella bacteria bacteriaChildren and elderly most at riskChildren and elderly most at riskSymptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection:Symptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection:
Abdominal painAbdominal painVomitingVomitingDiarrhea for 4-7 daysDiarrhea for 4-7 days
Pet turtles and reptilesPet turtles and reptilesMost likely to infect humansMost likely to infect humans
StreptococcalStreptococcal
BacteriaBacteriaResults in sore throatResults in sore throatCan be transmitted by dogsCan be transmitted by dogsTreated with penicillinTreated with penicillin
Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverRocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Cause coagulation of the bloodCause coagulation of the bloodFeverFeverHeadachesHeadachesNausea & VomitingNausea & VomitingSkin rashSkin rashDeath if not treatedDeath if not treated
Primarily passed by the American dig tickPrimarily passed by the American dig tick6 other species can carry the disease6 other species can carry the disease
Lyme DiseaseLyme Disease
First case in 1969 in WisconsinFirst case in 1969 in WisconsinNamed in 1977Named in 1977
Lyme ConnecticutLyme ConnecticutChildren developed arthritic conditionChildren developed arthritic condition
Bacterial disease (Bacterial disease (Borrelia burgdurferiBorrelia burgdurferi))Distinctive skin lesion 3-32 daysDistinctive skin lesion 3-32 days
Lyme DiseaseLyme Disease
Flu like symptomsFlu like symptomsPainful jointsPainful jointsFatigue may last for monthsFatigue may last for months
Can damage internal organs without Can damage internal organs without antibiotics used as treatmentantibiotics used as treatment
Vaccines can be administeredVaccines can be administered
ParasitesParasites
Gain subsistence from a host organismGain subsistence from a host organismCan be internal or externalCan be internal or externalChildren are most at risk because they Children are most at risk because they
play with animals and in the areas where play with animals and in the areas where animals have been.animals have been.
TicksTicks
Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted feverSpotted fever
Five species carry Lyme diseaseFive species carry Lyme disease
RoundwormsRoundworms
Ascarids (Toxocara species) & Ascarids (Toxocara species) & HookwormsHookworms
Affect dogs and catsAffect dogs and catsMay be passed to humansMay be passed to humans
FeverFeverHeadacheHeadache
De-worming cats and dogs most effective De-worming cats and dogs most effective preventative methodpreventative method
TapewormsTapeworms
TapewormTapewormOccasionally carried by dogs and catsOccasionally carried by dogs and catsAlveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD)Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD)
RareRarePotentially fatal (50-70%)Potentially fatal (50-70%)Parasitic tumors of the liverParasitic tumors of the liver
May go unnoticed for yearsMay go unnoticed for years
Avoid hand to mouth contactAvoid hand to mouth contact
TapewormTapeworm
Life Cycle of AHDLife Cycle of AHD
Working with Animals SafelyWorking with Animals Safely
Frequently wash hands and use protective Frequently wash hands and use protective clothing to avoid contamination.clothing to avoid contamination.
Separate sick animals and treat in Separate sick animals and treat in separate areas.separate areas.
Do not eat, drink, or store food and drink in Do not eat, drink, or store food and drink in treatment areas.treatment areas.
Never wash lab coats and protective Never wash lab coats and protective clothing with regular clothes.clothing with regular clothes.
Working with Animals SafelyWorking with Animals Safely
Protective ClothingProtective ClothingRubber unlined gloves, rubber boots, and Rubber unlined gloves, rubber boots, and
face shield or goggles with anti-fog lenses face shield or goggles with anti-fog lenses should be worn when handling chemicals or should be worn when handling chemicals or applying pesticides.applying pesticides.
Leather gloves help to protect from bites and Leather gloves help to protect from bites and scratches.scratches.
Protective ClothingProtective ClothingCoveralls and lab coats offer some protection Coveralls and lab coats offer some protection
from bites and scratches.from bites and scratches.Respirators should be worn when there is a Respirators should be worn when there is a
danger of inhaling toxic dust and other danger of inhaling toxic dust and other substances.substances.
Working with Animals SafelyWorking with Animals Safely
Chemical SafetyChemical Safety
Use chemicals according to label Use chemicals according to label instructionsinstructions
Store chemicals in the original containerStore chemicals in the original containerAvoiding over-mixing and storing Avoiding over-mixing and storing
chemicals, but if they must be stored make chemicals, but if they must be stored make sure they are in a locked location and sure they are in a locked location and clearly labeled.clearly labeled.
Chemical SafetyChemical Safety
Dispose of all chemicals and their Dispose of all chemicals and their containers according to label instructions.containers according to label instructions.
Frequently wash hands and exposed area Frequently wash hands and exposed area after using chemicals.after using chemicals.
Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques
Prevent injury to the animal and the Prevent injury to the animal and the handler.handler.
Keep a first-aid kit available for workers Keep a first-aid kit available for workers who do suffer bites or scratches.who do suffer bites or scratches.
Briefly restrain animals when needed for Briefly restrain animals when needed for examination or treatment.examination or treatment.
Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques
To work around the head of a cat, wrap To work around the head of a cat, wrap the animal in a blanket and place it into a the animal in a blanket and place it into a zippered canvas bag so the handler can zippered canvas bag so the handler can grasp the back of the head and hold the grasp the back of the head and hold the head between the thumb and fingers.head between the thumb and fingers.
Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques
Dogs are restrained by placing one arm Dogs are restrained by placing one arm under the dog’s neck with the forearm under the dog’s neck with the forearm holding the head while the other arm is holding the head while the other arm is placed around the animals body to pull it placed around the animals body to pull it close to the handler. close to the handler.
Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques
Dog muzzles can be created by looping a Dog muzzles can be created by looping a strip of gauze over the nose and mouth, strip of gauze over the nose and mouth, crossing under the jaw and then tying into crossing under the jaw and then tying into a bow behind the dog’s ears.a bow behind the dog’s ears.
Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques
Rabbits can be picked up by grabbing the Rabbits can be picked up by grabbing the scruff of the neck and placing a hand scruff of the neck and placing a hand under the rump for support.under the rump for support.
To hold them, simply move the hand from To hold them, simply move the hand from the rump to the abdomen.the rump to the abdomen.
Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques
Rabbits seldom bite, but can cause injury Rabbits seldom bite, but can cause injury by kicking with their back legs. by kicking with their back legs.
They may be injured if placed on a smooth They may be injured if placed on a smooth surface.surface.Foot pads are covered with fur.Foot pads are covered with fur.Can result in dislocation of hips or spine.Can result in dislocation of hips or spine.
Proper Handling TechniquesProper Handling Techniques
Rats and mice that are used to being held Rats and mice that are used to being held may be picked up by grasping the tail may be picked up by grasping the tail close to the body and then using the other close to the body and then using the other hand to grasp the loose skin in the neck hand to grasp the loose skin in the neck and shoulder area.and shoulder area.