animal breeding system

8/13/2019 Animal Breeding System

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Animal Breeding Systems
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Breeding Systems

Purebreeding

Cross Breeding

Outcrossing Inbreeding

Grading up


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Purebred Breeding

An animal of a particular breed

Both parents are purebred

Characteristics of the breed Eligible for registry in breed association

Tend to be genetically homozygous

Specialized business


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Closebreeding

Most intensive

Animals are very closely related and can be

traced back to more than 1 common ancestor

Examples:

Sire to daughter

Son to dam

Brother to sister


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Crossbreeding (X)

Mating two animals of different breeds

Offspring is a Hybrid

Usually results in improved traits becausedominant genes mask undesirable recessive

genes

Superior traits that result from crossbreedingare called hybrid vigor or heterosis


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Grading Up

Mating purebred males to grade females

Good way to improve quality

Less expensive Use of purebred sires long enough will

eventually lead to the amount of grade

breeding left in the offspring being less than1%


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Outcrossing

Mating of animals of different families within the samebreed

Animals are not closely related

Purpose is to bring into the breeding program traits

that are desirable but not present in the originalanimals

Used most by purebred breeders

Popular because it reduces the chances of undeniable

traits are still present Sometimes used in inbreeding programs to bring in

needed traits


8/18
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9/18

Cattle Breeds
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size

Desirabletraits

Describing a cattle breeds
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Describing origin Breed + originated in +

The Angus originated in

Northern Scotland.

Breed+ was developed in+

The Brahman breed was

developed in the US fromthe blending of threebreeds of Indian cattle.
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Describing special features Hair coat/ ears

It has ..

- smooth hair coat

- pendulous ears

Horn/polled

It is horned.

It has horn.

It is polled (hornless).
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Describing special features Hump () It is humped at the back

of the neck.

Muscle

S+ has/ possess+

It has small muscle.

It possess strong

muscle.
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Describing desirable traits- cold/heat tolerance

- Mothering

- Milking ability

- Early maturity

- Little calving difficulty

- Good rustling ability

- High fertility

- Excellent quality carcass

- High muscling

- Low percent of fat covering

The desirable traits of the

Angus includes cold

tolerance, mothering and

milking ability

The desirable traits of breedinclude +


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Describing undesirable traits Common criticisms of +

breed + are + .

- Lack of size

- Over prominentshoulder

Common criticism of

the Angus are lack of

size, over prominent

shoulders in some bull.


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Describing desirable traits- Lack of size/ cold

tolerance/ heat tolerance

- Over prominent shoulder- Late maturity

- Low fertility

Common criticism of the

Angus are lack of size, over

prominent shoulders insome bull.

The breed is criticized forlack of cold tolerance.

Common criticisms of +breed + are + .

The breed is criticized for + N
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Can you describe the above cattle?
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animal breeding system

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