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Animal Behavior Slide 2 BIG IDEA The output of animals can trigger simple and complex behaviors Slide 3 Behavior The sum of responses to external in and internal stimulus Slide 4 Behavior Responses Fixed patterns Behavior Rhythms Oriented Movement Slide 5 Fixed Patterns Slide 6 Oriented Movement Kinesis: A change in response rate to stimulus Taxis: Movement towards positive or negative stimulus Migration: Change in location Slide 7 Behavior Rhythms Circadian Rhythms Linked to periods of activity and rest Slide 8 Animal Signal and Communication Visual Chemical Pheromones : Common in mammals linked to reproductive behavior Tactile Auditory Slide 9 Proximate Vs. Ultimate Causation Proximate causation refers to how an animals behavior is modified Ultimate causation refers why the behavior occurs due to natural selection in environment Slide 10 Animal Behavior Slide 11 What do we know about Animal Behavior? Animals modify their behavior based on environmental condition. The modification of behaviors trigger simple and complex processes. BUT how do animals learn this behaviors..... Slide 12 Big Idea Behavior is linked to learning experiences. Slide 13 Forms of Learning HabituationImprinting Cognitive Maps Spatial Learning Slide 14 Habituation Loss of responsiveness to the environment. Slide 15 Imprinting Long-lasting behavior that takes places during a certain period of life. Slide 16 Spatial Learning & Cognitive Maps Memory that reflects spatial structure. Spatial relationships between organisms and their surroundings Slide 17 Associative Learning Classical: Arbitrary object with outcome Operant: Trial and error learning Slide 18 Social Learning Cognitive and Problem Solving: Being aware of the information and processing Development of learned behaviors: Takes place over a long period of time Slide 19 What do we know about Animal Behavior? Animals modify their behavior based on environmental condition. The modification of behaviors trigger simple and complex processes. Behavior is linked to learning experiences. But can behavior be linked to inheritance? Slide 20 BIG IDEA Genetics and environment are linked to behavior Nature Vs. Nurture Slide 21 Experience and Behavior Environmental: Cross-Fostering Behavior California Mice Slide 22 Regulatory Genes and Behavior Genes are link to controlling behavior. Fru gene in Fruit Flies control mating behaviors Slide 23 Behavior Variation in Natural Populations Bananna Slugs is a genetically acquired taste Migratory pattern genetically inherited Slide 24 Variation in a single locus Amount of vasopressin expressed in meadow voles determines the bond formed with the offspring Slide 25 TEST Questions The fru gene in fruit flies A. control sex-specific development in the fruit fly. B. is a master regulatory gene that directs expression of many other genes C. can be genetically manipulated in females so that they will perform male sex behaviors D. programs males for appropriate courtship behaviors E. all of the above A guinea pig squeals every time the refrigerator doo is opens. What term best applies to this behavior? A. Sign stimulus B. Cognition C. Imprinting D. Classical conditioning E. Operant conditions The Law Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Matter is cycled through the earth and undergoes transformations so that it can be utilized by various abiotic and biotic factors. Which of the following are true statements regarding the carbon cycle? I. It has increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, causing global warming II. It involves photosynthetic processes III. It leads to the reduction of aquatic biomass A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I, II and III only