Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

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Animals areAnimals are

MulticellularMulticellular EukaryoticEukaryotic HeterotrophicHeterotrophic Cells lack cell wallsCells lack cell walls

~ Characteristics ~~ Characteristics ~ Have a nervous system to respond to Have a nervous system to respond to

their environment - sensorytheir environment - sensory

Locomotion relates to ability to obtain Locomotion relates to ability to obtain foodfood

Most animals develop from a Most animals develop from a zygotezygote becoming an embryo.becoming an embryo.

A single layer of cells surrounding a A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a of cells called a gastrulagastrula.

~~ Body Plans ~Body Plans ~

Animals that are Animals that are irregularirregular in shape in shape are are asymmetricalasymmetrical..

Animals that are Animals that are regularregular in shape are in shape are symmetricalsymmetrical..

~ Body Plans ~~ Body Plans ~

An animal has An animal has radial symmetryradial symmetry if it can be divided along any if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.into equal halves.

An animal has An animal has bilateral bilateral symmetrysymmetry if it can be divided if it can be divided down its length into similar right down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror and left halves forming mirror images of each other.images of each other.

Which figure has bilateral Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?symmetry?

~ Protection and Support ~~ Protection and Support ~ Though not all animals have a Though not all animals have a

skeleton, those that do can be skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups:divided into two groups:– Those with an Those with an exoskeletonexoskeleton – a hard, waxy – a hard, waxy

coating on the outside of the body that coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle for support, and a place for muscle attachment.attachment.

– Pros? Cons?Pros? Cons?– Those with an Those with an endoskeletonendoskeleton – support – support

framework within the body that protects framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.pull against.

– Pros? Cons?Pros? Cons?

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Major PhylaMajor Phyla

Porifera – SpongesPorifera – Sponges Cnidaria – Corals and JellyfishCnidaria – Corals and Jellyfish Platyhelminthes – FlatwormsPlatyhelminthes – Flatworms Nematoda – RoundwormsNematoda – Roundworms Mollusca – Clams and OctopusMollusca – Clams and Octopus Annelida – EarthwormsAnnelida – Earthworms Arthropoda – Insects, Spiders, and CrabsArthropoda – Insects, Spiders, and Crabs Echinodermata – Starfish and Sea UrchinsEchinodermata – Starfish and Sea Urchins Chordata – Vertebrates including MammalsChordata – Vertebrates including Mammals

~Invertebrates~~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla8 main phyla

No backbonesNo backbones

95% of all animals are in this group95% of all animals are in this group

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

SpongesSponges

simplest form of animal lifesimplest form of animal life

live in waterlive in water

Do not move aroundDo not move around

no symmetryno symmetry

Pores (holes) all over bodyPores (holes) all over body

5000 species5000 species

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PoriferaPorifera

Simple animalsSimple animals Live anchored to a Live anchored to a

rock or the ocean rock or the ocean bottombottom

Marine or Marine or freshwaterfreshwater

Filter-feedersFilter-feeders Lack tissues or Lack tissues or

organ systemorgan system

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

Filter Feeders: a sponge filters Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.out the osculum.

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

Examples: Tube Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge, Sea SpongeSponge

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Phylum Cnidaria~

Live in waterLive in water

Most have tentaclesMost have tentacles

catch food with stinging cellscatch food with stinging cells

gut for digestinggut for digesting

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CnidariaCnidaria

Named for their Named for their stinging cellsstinging cells

Marine or freshwaterMarine or freshwater CarnivorousCarnivorous Radial symmetryRadial symmetry Hydrostatic SkeletonHydrostatic Skeleton Jellyfish, hydra, Jellyfish, hydra,

obelia, Portuguese obelia, Portuguese man-of war, sea man-of war, sea anemone, and coralsanemone, and corals

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Phylum Cnidaria~

2 different 2 different shapesshapes

Medusa - like a Medusa - like a jellyfishjellyfish

Polyp - like a Polyp - like a hydrahydra

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ Phylum Cnidaria~ Examples - Examples -

Jellyfish, Hydra, Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, sea anemones, and coralsand corals

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

FlatwormsFlatworms

Flat, ribbon-like bodyFlat, ribbon-like body

Live in water or are parasitesLive in water or are parasites

bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry

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PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes

Flattened bodiesFlattened bodies Lack an anusLack an anus Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Simplest animals to Simplest animals to

exhibit exhibit cephalizationcephalization

Flatworms, flukes, Flatworms, flukes, and tapewormsand tapeworms

CDC

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Examples: PlanariaPlanaria

eyespots detect eyespots detect lightlight

food and waste food and waste go in and out the go in and out the same openingsame opening

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Examples: TapewormTapeworm

Parasite that Parasite that lives in lives in intestines of intestines of host absorbing host absorbing foodfood

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: FlukeExamples: Fluke parasiteparasite

lives inside lives inside of hostof host

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Nematoda ~

RoundwormsRoundworms

– Round, tubular bodyRound, tubular body

– small or microscopic small or microscopic

– bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry

– have both a mouth and anushave both a mouth and anus

– Live in water or are parasitesLive in water or are parasites

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NematodaNematoda

Free living in soil or Free living in soil or water with many water with many parasitic formsparasitic forms

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Most have a Most have a

digestive tract with digestive tract with two openingstwo openings

Hookworms, Hookworms, pinworms, ascaris, pinworms, ascaris, and trichinosis wormand trichinosis worm

CDC

CDC

CDC

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Phylum Nematoda ~

Examples:Examples:– HookwormHookworm

– TrichinellaTrichinella

~Invertebrate~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~ Phylum Annelida ~

– Segmented wormsSegmented worms

– Body divided into Body divided into segments(sections)segments(sections)

– Live in water or Live in water or undergroundunderground

– have a nervous and circulatory have a nervous and circulatory systemsystem

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AnnelidaAnnelida

Segmented wormsSegmented worms Setae for Setae for

locomotionlocomotion Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Closed circulatory Closed circulatory

systemsystem Clamworms, Clamworms,

earthworms, earthworms, leechesleeches

~Invertebrate~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~ Phylum Annelida ~

Class EarthwormsClass Earthworms

eat soil and eat soil and breakdown breakdown organic organic matter, wastes matter, wastes provide nutrients provide nutrients to soilto soil

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class bristleworms Class bristleworms

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class leechesClass leeches

parasites that feed on blood of other parasites that feed on blood of other animalsanimals

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Soft bodiesSoft bodies

Hard ShellsHard Shells

Live on land or in waterLive on land or in water

have a circulatory system and a have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.complex nervous system.

Important food source for humansImportant food source for humans

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MolluscaMollusca

Soft bodied Soft bodied organisms often organisms often covered with a covered with a calcareous shellcalcareous shell

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Most have a Most have a

ventral muscular ventral muscular foot for locomotionfoot for locomotion

Chitons, snails, Chitons, snails, limpets, clams, limpets, clams, octopus, and squidoctopus, and squid

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Class Class GastropodaGastropoda

– snails and slugssnails and slugs

– may have 1 shellmay have 1 shell

– stomach-footed - stomach-footed - move on stomachmove on stomach

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Class BivalvesClass Bivalves

– 2 shells hinged 2 shells hinged togethertogether

– clams, oystersclams, oysters, ,

scallops and scallops and musselsmussels

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Mollusca ~

Class CephalopodsClass Cephalopods

– squids and octopusessquids and octopuses

– internal mantelinternal mantel

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Hard, spiny skinHard, spiny skin

Live in salt waterLive in salt water

Radial symmetryRadial symmetry

name means ‘spiney skinned’name means ‘spiney skinned’

endoskeletonendoskeleton

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EchinodermataEchinodermata

Radial symmetryRadial symmetry Calcareous plates Calcareous plates

often with external often with external spinesspines

Water vascular Water vascular system with tube system with tube feet for locomotionfeet for locomotion

Sea lilies, starfish, Sea lilies, starfish, brittle stars, sea brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbersand sea cucumbers

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumberdollar and sea cucumber

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~

Body divided into sections/segmentsBody divided into sections/segments

Exoskeleton Exoskeleton

Jointed legsJointed legs

well developed nervous systemwell developed nervous system

largest group of organisms on earthlargest group of organisms on earth

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ArthropodaArthropoda

Body is composed of a Body is composed of a head, thorax, and head, thorax, and abdomen with three or abdomen with three or more pairs of joined legsmore pairs of joined legs

Chitinous exoskeletonChitinous exoskeleton MoltMolt Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Shrimp, crabs, Shrimp, crabs,

barnacles, insects, barnacles, insects, centipedes, millipedes, centipedes, millipedes, spiders, ticks, horseshoe spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, and crayfishcrabs, and crayfish

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Phylum Arthropoda ~

3 subphylums:3 subphylums:

Classified into classes according to Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have. antennae they have.

SubphylumSubphylum ChilicerataChilicerata is divided into 3 classes is divided into 3 classes

Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mitesmites

Merostomata – horseshoe crabs – horseshoe crabs

Pycnogonida – sea spiders – sea spiders

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~Phylum Arthropoda ~

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum

ChilicerataChilicerata Class – Class – ArachnidaArachnida

no antennaeno antennae

4 pairs of legs4 pairs of legs

2 body regions - cephalothorax & 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomenabdomen

spiders, scorpions, mites & ticksspiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum

ChilicerataChilicerata Class Class Merostomata

Horseshoe crabsHorseshoe crabs– Ancient group of species Ancient group of species

– Changed little over 350 million Changed little over 350 million years years

– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.gulf coasts of United States.

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum

ChilicerataChilicerata Class Class Pycnogonida

– Sea spiderSea spider

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Subphylum -

CrustaceaCrustacea5 Classes5 Classes Aquatic ones have gillsAquatic ones have gills

2 antennae2 antennae

2 body regions or segmented2 body regions or segmented

Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopodsisopods

Many species taste delicious in butterMany species taste delicious in butter

Subphylum Subphylum UniramiaUniramia: 3 classes: 3 classes

Class Class Insecta Insecta (insects) (insects)

Class Class ChilopodaChilopoda (Centipedes) (Centipedes)

Class Class DiplopodaDiplopoda (Millipedes) (Millipedes)

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Subphylum

UniramiaUniramia Class Class InsectaInsecta

no antennaeno antennae

3 pairs of legs3 pairs of legs

2 body regions - head, thorax & 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomenabdomen

grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, beesgrasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Subphylum UniramiaUniramia

Class Class Diplopoda

Millipedes Millipedes

segmented animalssegmented animals Have 2 pairs of legs per segment Have 2 pairs of legs per segment

Primarily herbivores & decomposersPrimarily herbivores & decomposers

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Subphylum

UniramiaUniramia

Class Class Chiopoda

Centipedes Usually terrestrial Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores carnivores

Have 1 pair of antennae Have 1 pair of antennae

Are often poisonous, using modified Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey front claws to immobilize prey

~ Phylum Chordata ~ ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylumsubphylum VertebrataVertebrata

5 classes5 classesFish Fish

MammalsMammals

ReptilesReptiles

AmphibiansAmphibians

BirdsBirds

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ChordataChordata

Notocord for Notocord for support of the body support of the body at some stage of at some stage of developmentdevelopment

Dorsal, tubular Dorsal, tubular nerve cordnerve cord

Tunicate, lancelets, Tunicate, lancelets, and vertebratesand vertebrates

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Chordata – Class OsteichthyesChordata – Class Osteichthyes

Bony fishesBony fishes Specialized Specialized

structures and structures and behaviors to behaviors to maintain maintain homeostasis with homeostasis with regard to water regard to water balancebalance

Some have swim Some have swim bladdersbladders

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Chordata – Class AmphibiaChordata – Class Amphibia

AmphibiansAmphibians Most live in water Most live in water

as a larva and on as a larva and on land as an adultland as an adult

Moist skinMoist skin EctothermsEctotherms Frogs, toads, Frogs, toads,

salamanders, and salamanders, and caecilianscaecilians

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Chordata – Class ReptiliaChordata – Class Reptilia

ReptilesReptiles Dry, scaly skinDry, scaly skin Terrestrial eggsTerrestrial eggs EctothermsEctotherms Lizards, snakes, Lizards, snakes,

crocodilians, crocodilians, turtles, tortoises, turtles, tortoises, and tuataraand tuatara

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Chordata – Class AvesChordata – Class Aves

BirdsBirds EndothermsEndotherms Outer covering of Outer covering of

feathersfeathers Two legs with scalesTwo legs with scales Modified front limbs Modified front limbs

(wings)(wings) Eagle, cardinal, Eagle, cardinal,

penguin, duck, etc.penguin, duck, etc.

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Chordata – Class MammaliaChordata – Class Mammalia

MammalsMammals Produce milk in Produce milk in

mammary glands to mammary glands to feed their youngfeed their young

Breathe airBreathe air Four-chambered Four-chambered

heartheart EndothermsEndotherms Duck billed platypus, Duck billed platypus,

marsupials, cows, marsupials, cows, dogs, humans, etc.dogs, humans, etc.