animal and plant protein in feedsprotein in feeds for ... 2009 presentation by leyton e… · unit...
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Sustainable and cost-efficient replacement of fish meal by animal and plant protein in feedsanimal and plant protein in feeds for Atlantic salmon salmo salarfor Atlantic salmon salmo salar
By P. Leyton, S. Refstie, J. Árnason,By P. Leyton, S. Refstie, J. Árnason,G. Lehnebach & T. Åsgård
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Objectives
Replace the fish meal in salmon diets by l t t i d i b d t tplant protein and avian by-products to
investigate effects on
1. Growth and feed utilisation
est gate e ects o
2. Cost efficiency3. Fish in / fish out4 Productivity4. Productivity
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
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Feedstuffs
Protein sources:• Fish meal (FM)
Other:• Fish oil• Fish meal (FM)
• Shrimp meal• Fish oil• Wheat meal
• Poultry by-products meal
• Vit + min premix• Phosphorus
• Feather meal• Corn gluten meal
Phosphorus• Lysine HCl
• Corn gluten meal• Wheat gluten• Soybean meal• Lupin kernel meal
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
Lupin kernel meal
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Test diets - composition
5% FM 10% FM 20% FM 36% FM
CP, % 41.0 41.2 40.7 41.4
Lipid, % 29.8 29.9 30.1 30.2
Ash, % 5.1 5.9 5.9 7.1
USD/ tonn* 620 663 772 860/ tonn
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
*Prices on Chiloe Island in July 2006
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Test diets – 36% vs. 5% fish meal
Vit/min
Fish oil
Vit/min/AA
Shrimp
WheatFish meal
Vit/minWheat
Fish oil
Fish oil Shrimp meal
Feather L i
Poultry by
meal
Soybean l
Soybean meal
Lupin
y yproducts
Corn glutenWheat gluten
meal
Feather meal
Wheat glutenCorn gluten
mealFish meal
mealCorn gluten
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
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Ingredient cost and use of marine protein in the dietsprotein in the diets
Ingredient cost USD / ton feed
1000 300
Ingredient cost, USD / ton feed
Use of marine protein, kg / ton feed
800
1000
eed
200250300
kg
400
600
/ ton
fe
150200 / ton f
200
400
USD
50100
feed
00 10 20 30 40
0
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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Fish and experimental details
• Location: Salmofood’s model sea farm at Liucura (Chiloe, Chile)
• Fish: Atlantic salmon; IBW = 721 g• Fish: Atlantic salmon; IBW = 721 g 1500 fish / pen
• Pens: 12 7 x 7 x 7 m
• Replication: 3 pens / treatment
• Saltwater (11 13 °C)• Saltwater (11 -13 C)
• 116 feeding days
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
g y
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Weight gain
2500Initial BW Gain
ba a
1467 1546 1675 17312000
2500 b ab
1500
1000g
500
05 10 20 36
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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Growth (TGC x 1000)
4 0
Days 1-35 Days 36-116
3,0
4,0
000
R2 0 99 P 0 0001
2,0
GC
x 1
0
R2 = 0.99; P < 0.0001
R2 = 0.60; P = 0.240 0
1,0TG
0,00 10 20 30 40
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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FCR (feed intake / gain)
1 5
Days 1-35 Days 36-116
1 0
1,5
R2 = 0.95; P = 0.00010 5
1,0
FCR
R 0.95; P 0.0001
R2 = 0.70; P = 0.030 0
0,5
0,00 10 20 30 40
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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The aim of productivity is maximum ffi i t tili ti fefficient utilisation of resources
Increased net fish productionp(fish in / fish out < 1)
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
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Ingredient cost and use of marine protein per ton salmon producedprotein per ton salmon produced
Ingredient cost USD / ton fish produced
1000 300
Ingredient cost, USD / ton fish produced
Use of marine protein / ton fish produced
800
1000
fish
200250300
kg
400
600
/ ton
f
100150200
g / ton f
200
400
USD
50100
fish
00 10 20 30 40
0
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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Wild fish caught for fish meal production / ton salmon producedproduction / ton salmon produced
1500
ish
1000
ught
fi
500wild
ca
kg w
00 10 20 30 40
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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Ton edible salmon produced / ton ediblefish caught for fish meal productionfish caught for fish meal production
4 0
5,0
3,0
4,0
2,0Net production
1,0
0,05 10 20 36
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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Unit produced / unit spentmarine proteinmarine protein
2,5
1 5
2,0
1,0
1,5 Net production
0,5
0,05 10 20 36
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
% FM in the diet
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Conclusions
Reducing the dietary FM from 36 to 5%• Only marginally affected growth
I d th FCR b 8 5%• Increased the FCR by 8.5%• Reduced raw material costs by 31%Reduced raw material costs by 31%• Reduced marine protein use by 76%• Made Atlantic salmon a net producer of
i t i d i 2 5 timarine protein, producing 2.5 times as much as it consumed
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
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Perspectives
• Further growth in aquaculture requires ffi i t f i f d t ffefficient use of marine feedstuffs
• Production and processing of grains• Production and processing of grainsoffers a wide variety of protein sources
• Animal and aquaculture by productsmay be “re circulated” into excellentmay be re-circulated into excellent protein sources for fish
• Salmon farming may becomeindependent of fish meal
15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
independent of fish meal
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Future fish feedsFuture fish feedscontains
littlefi h!fish!
Thank you15.8.2009 Aquaculture Europe 2009, Trondheim SR
Thank you.