ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

NOMENCLATURE OF ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS

• AP position

• RAO position

• LAO position

• Cranial position

• Caudal position

ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS FOR SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY

SEGMENTS• Left Main AP

LAO cranialLAO caudal

• Proximal LAD LAO cranialRAO caudal

• Mid LAD LAO cranialRAO cranialLateral

• Distal LAD APRAO cranialLateral

• Diagonal LAO cranialRAO cranial

• Proximal circumflex RAO cranialLAO caudal

• Intermediate RAO caudalLAO caudal

• Obtuse marginal RAO caudalLAO caudalRAO cranial

• Proximal RCA LAO Lateral

• Mid RCA LAOLateralRAO

• Distal RCA LAO cranialLateral

• PDA LAO cranial

• Posterolateral LAO cranialRAO cranial

DEGREE OF ANGULATION

• Left Coronary ArteryLAO - 300 - 450

Cranial - 200 - 300

Caudal - 200 - 300

RAO - 300 - 450

• Right Coronary ArteryLAO - 300 - 450

Cranial - 150 - 200

RAO - 300 - 450

COMMON ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

• Biplane cineangiography is require• For VSD

LAO - 500 – 600

Cranial - 200 – 300

• For ASD (Hepatoclavicular angiographic view)

LAO - 500 – 600

Cranial - 200 – 300

• For transposition of great arteries(Laid back angiographic view)

Steep AP caudal - 350

• Proximal branch pulmonary artery anatomy

Steep AP cranial - 350

Causes of Poor Angiograms• PATIENT FACTORS

SizeMovementHardware (Pacemaker, Harrison rods, multiple surgery with clips)

• Angiographer FactorsPoor catheter seatingPoor contrast injection

• Equipment FactorsX-ray generated problemX-ray tube problemImage intensifier problem

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