Framework for exploring different models of innovation and partnership.Andy Hall

AGRICULTURE & FOOD

Agriculture and Global Change research program. APAARI Conference November 2016

This presentation draws from …

Andy Hall, Jeroen Dijkman, Bruce Taylor, Liana Williams and Jennifer

Kelly (2016) Towards a framework for unlocking transformative

agricultural innovation.

CSIRO/ CGIAR ISPC working draft

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Innovation: the simple meaning

• Research turns money into ideas. Innovation turns ideas into money.

• A process that combines:– Technological breakthroughs or inventions: The creation of ideas from

research, but also from other sources.– Technological artifacts: The embodiment of technology and ideas in new

products and services– Using ideas for gain: The actions, practices and conditions that allow ideas

to be put into productive use.

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Innovation: more meanings

• The process of creating and putting into use combinations of knowledge from many different sources

• This knowledge may be brand-new, but usually it is new combinations of existing knowledge

• Not research or technology, but might involve both.

• To be termed innovation, the use of this knowledge has to be novel to the farmer or the firm, neighbours and competitors, but not necessarily new globally

• Invention, on the other hand, is the creation of new knowledge new to the world, usually by research organisations, but also by artisans and others

4 | Different ways of organising agriculture innovation• Dr Andy Hall

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CSIRO scientists developed a technological solution which was then commercialized with a Vietnamese entrepreneur

Ex-post evaluations indicate that the economic value of NOVAC is $80 million after 5 years.

Bio-available nutrients from non marine sources. Biology well known. Breakthrough research was how to apply that as an industrial scale production technology

On going research collaboration on a range of aquaculture solutions and business opportunities

Case Study: Novac prawn feedAn overnight success that took 15 years collaborative research

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Case study: Water use efficiency in Queensland, Australia

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Policy intervention that created a ‘partnershipbetween industry and government to improve the use and management of available irrigation water’

Increase agricultural production by $280M (equivalent to what would be achieved by supplying an additional 180,000 ML of irrigation water); the creation of 1600 jobs; improved farm profitability and viability; and reduced run-off of pesticides and nutrients into rivers and streams.

Research and engineering skills providers, rural industry representative bodies, and market-based partners operating in the irrigation retail and technical services sector, civil society conservation groups.

What does innovation look like?

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Systems

Policy

Social

Business

Organisational

Technological

Technological innovation. Technological breakthroughs and applications that companies

can use to deliver new products and services that address specific

Organisational innovation. New organisational or production processes (which may be

enabled by technological innovation) that allow existing products and services to be

created/ delivered in new/better ways

Policy innovation. Strategic choices and investments. Can happen at the company level

and at the national policy level through regulation, incentives and investments that.

Business innovation. New business models that create new value for a company and its

customers. May involve technological and organisational innovations (as above) or social

innovations (as below).

Social innovation. New relationships or social contracts between companies, value

chain players and employees that create shared value, mutual support and collective

decision making.

Systems innovation. Integrated changes in both social (values, regulations, attitudes

etc.) and technical (infrastructure, technology, tools, production processes etc) System

innovation may include elements or combinations of all types of innovation and are, by

definition, developed and implemented by many actors

“Innovation is not technology alone, but the process by which ideas (from any source, old or new) are used in new

ways and combinations for economic, social and or environmental gain”

So what are the different components ???

How does innovation happen?

There are broadly 2 views.

• A technology transfer pipeline view

• A “systems” views that suggests different types

of innovation need to be coupled together.

• Neither can be universally correct.

8 | Different ways of organising agriculture innovation• Dr Andy Hall

Incremental innovation

• Key characteristics: Small, but continuous improvements of existing products and services with in

specific production systems and value chains

• Examples: Improved agronomy, pest management, animal husbandry techniques, seed varieties,

agro-processing.

• Scope: Product solutions within existing systems

• Initiators: Solutions developed by public or private research, including farmers

• Processes: Demand-led research, user experimentation

• Partnerships and alliances: Research collaboration with farmers and companies to help define and

develop solutions

• Impact: Often restricted by the absence of policy, institutional and market systems changes and

investments needed to spread and sustain these innovations beyond

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Radical innovation

• Key characteristics: Technological and / or market “step jumps” or discontinuities

that open up new economic, social and environmental impact opportunities in a

specific sub-sector or market sector and opens up new opportunities for

incremental innovation

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• Examples: development of specific animal disease treatments and schemes or eradication programs, introduction of crop or

livestock insurance; game changing agro-industrial processes

• Scope: Product or services solutions involving the creation of new production and delivery systems or transformations of

existing ones. Restricted to a specific sub sector

• Initiator: Public and private investments respond to a generic challenge or opportunity. Technology enabled responses.

• Process: Applied research and businesses create radical technology and market based solutions in a specific sub-sector,

followed by incremental innovations to improve effectiveness, lower cost. Often requires policy support

• Partnerships and alliances: Research-business-farmer. Public and private sector.

• Impact: Large impacts for both pioneer companies, but also farmers and consumers. Open up new incremental innovation

opportunities and opportunities for the delivery of a wider range of products and services through the delivery systems

established.

Transformational innovation

• Example: sector wide transitions to sustainable agriculture; sector wide transitions driven by agricultural big data.

?????

• Scope. Far reaching systems changes that open up the possibility for new types of product solutions. Involve the

deep integration of social and technological change.

• Initiators: Broad-based consensus on the need to pursue new directions or take advantage of new platform

technologies

• Process: Not demand driven per se, but combination of policy-push and technical, market and society responses.

• Partnerships: The high level stakeholder and political alignment. A range of multi-stakeholder partnerships and

platforms that can be repurposed to address other sustainability, social and economic challenges.

• Impact: Leads to pervasive impact by extending the frontiers of both profitability and the sustainability of the

agricultural sector and by opening up new opportunities for radical .

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• Key characteristics: Deep systems changes under pinned by broad-based

consensus that significantly advance the economic, social and

environmental frontiers of the agricultural sector as a whole, and that open

up opportunities for new waves of radical and incremental innovation.

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Agricultural Research Partnerships

Agricultural innovation delivery partnerships

National Agri-food systems innovation partnerships

Global development innovation partnerships

Agricultural research organizations collaborate to develop new knowledge on discreet technical dimensions of prioritized problems and opportunities.

Agricultural research organizations collaborate in agricultural production and agribusiness innovation that delivers new products and services that create value for farmers and companies.

Agricultural research organizations participate in the efforts of public policy and private sector to catalyse innovation in agri-food systems that creates social, economic, and environmental value in line with national development plans.

Agricultural research organizations participate in efforts of national and global public and private sector stakeholders to catalyse innovation in economic and social systems to achieve social, economic, and environmental development targets set by the SDGs.

Mode 1: Mode 3:Mode 2: Mode 4:

SolutionsLocal

Impacts

Food Systems Impact Pervasive

change

Solutions

Local Impacts

Food Systems Impact

Long term enduring impacts at global scale

Long term, but enduring impacts at value chain or national scales

Quick wins, but restricted to scale of project, mission or commercial opportunity

Dependent on linkages to other delivery, innovation and societal change processes

Partnerships, platforms & managing for impact • Michaela Cosijn & Jen Kelly

Source: ISPC, 2016. Strategic study of good practice in AR4D partnership. Rome, Italy. CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC), viii + 39pp + annex 49pp

Trends in organising for innovation

Why is it important to recognize these different modes of innovation and partnership?

• The “grand challenges” of agriculture are going to need transformational

innovation. Incremental change is valuable, but not enough.

• Global food security. Coping with climate change. Equitable, sustainable and healthy

food systems. A growth sector to employ our grandchildren.

• A portfolio lens to explore partnerships, strategies, policies and ways of

working that lock too much of our efforts in incremental innovation.

• A roadmap for rethinking partnerships, for rethinking the role and practice of

research in the innovation processes we aspire to, and for revisiting the roles

and investments of the public and the private sectors in change processes going

forward.

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Lets look at what the innovation systems of the future might look like

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