Giovanni di Gialluca - Stefano Sanna

in action!2017-04-06

WE WILL TALK ABOUT…

Physical World Cloud

TIMELINE2008

2011

2014

2015

2016

FEEL AT HOME…Same architectureSame IDE (Android Studio)Same programming languagesSame frameworkSame app (Activity) lifecycleSame UI widgets (UI?)Same application packagingSame reliable security for apps and firmwareSame passionate community!

… MORE OR LESS! Where is the UI?

IN & OUT

CastDriveFirebase AnalyticsFirebase Cloud MessagingFirebase Realtime DatabaseFirebase Remote ConfigFirebase StorageFitInstance IDLocationNearbyPlacesMobile Vision

AdMobAndroid PayFirebase App IndexingFirebase AuthenticationFirebase Dynamic LinksFirebase InvitesFirebase NotificationsMapsPlay GamesSearchSign-In

CalendarContractContactsContractDocumentsContractDownloadManagerMediaStoreSettingsTelephonyUserDictionaryVoicemailContract

Basic rule: “is there any UI for the user to interact why the app?”

BOARDS FOR PROTOTYPING

Intel Edison Intel Joule NXP Pico i.MX6UL Raspberry Pi3

PRICE $55 > $200 $70 $22

SDK PRICE $150 > $300 - $22

CPU Atom DC @500Mhz Atom QC @1.5GHz NXP i.MX6Ultralite ARM Cortex A7 @500MHz

Broadcom BCM2837 QC @1.2GHz Cortex A53

RAM 1GB 3-4GB 512MB 1GB

STORAGE 4GB 8-16GB 4GB microSD

DISPLAY NO HDMI NO HDMI

CAMERA NO CSI-2 NO CSI-2

AUDIO USB 2.0 USB 2.0 3.5mm Analog USB 2.0 & 3.5mm Analog

NET WiFi n, BT 4.0 WiFi ac, BT 4.2 Ethernet, WiFi n, BT 4.1 GB Ethernet, WiFi n, BT 4.1

USB USB 2.0 OTG 2x USB 2.0 HOST + USB 3.0 OTG

USB 2.0 HOST + USB 2.0 OTG 4x USB 2.0 HOST

GPIO 2x UART, 2x I2C,SPI 2ch, 14 GPIO

4x UART, 5x I2C, 2x SPI, up to 48 GPIO

8x UART, 4x I2C, 4x SPI, > 20 GPIO

2x UART, 2x I2C, 2x SPI, up to 26 GPIO

WHICH BOARD?

• Intel Edison • Damn small!• No UI, no Ethernet• ADB via USB

• Raspberry Pi3• Damn cheap!• Ethernet + WiFi• HDMI + Camera + lot of

extension boards: AI+VR+IoT!• Different configurations can be tested just swapping the SD

ANDROID THINGS vs ANDROID

Current supported boards lack some of “universally available” features of any Android Device:

• Bluetooth is no supported in DP2

• Latest news: added in DP3, released April 6th!• There is no RTC: PKI support may be broken unexpectedly• RPi3 has OS on a removable memory: security risk• Any “visual alarm” on battery level: must be monitored manually• There is no GPS onboard: location must be fed with NMEA

stream• No Power-button (adb shell reboot -p)

“Hello Things”

System.out.println(“Hello World!”)System.out.println(“Hello World!”)

“Hello Things”

dependencies { provided 'com.google.android.things:androidthings:0.2-devpreview'}

app/module build.gradle

<application… ><uses-library android:name=“com.google.android.things”/><activity android:name=“.HomeActivity">

        <intent-filter>            <action android:name=“android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <!-- Launch activity automatically on boot -->            <category android:name="android.intent.category.IOT_LAUNCHER"/>            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>        </intent-filter>

</activity></application>

AndroidManifest.xml

“Hello Things”public class MainActivity extends Activity {

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

PeripheralManagerService service = new PeripheralManagerService();

mLedGpio = service.openGpio(“IO13”);mLedGpio.setDirection(Gpio.DIRECTION_OUT_INITIALLY_LOW);

new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { for (int i=0;i<10;i++) { try { mLedGpio.setValue(i%2 == 0);

Thread.sleep(250); } catch (Exception e) { // uh! uh! } } } }).start();

}}

longer pin

330 ohm

GPIO: • Two logical values and two electric states:

• true or false, high or low • Change association using gpio.setActiveType()

• Gpio.ACTIVE_HIGH • Gpio.ACTIVE_LOW

GPIO1

2 PWM

3 ANALOG

PeripheralManagerService manager = new PeripheralManagerService();List<String> portList = manager.getGpioList();

mGpio = manager.openGpio(portList.get(0));

mGpio.setValue(true | false); // writeboolean state = mGpio.getValue(); // read

PERIPHERAL I/O

GPIO1

2 PWM

3 ANALOG

GpioCallback mGpioCallback = new GpioCallback() { @Override public boolean onGpioEdge(Gpio gpio) { // Read the active low pin state

mDevice.getValue()

// Continue listening for more interrupts return true; }

@Override public void onGpioError(Gpio gpio, int error) {

//oh nooo }};

mGpio.setEdgeTriggerType(EDGE_BOTH);// |EDGE_NONE | EDGE_RISING | EDGE_FALLINGmGpio.registerGpioCallback(mGpioCallback);

PERIPHERAL I/O

PWM: • Signal Specs

(Frequency & DutyCycle) • Use it to drive Servo Motors

GPIO1

2 PWM

3 ANALOGPERIPHERAL I/O

PERIPHERAL I/O

PeripheralManagerService manager = new PeripheralManagerService(); List<String> portList = manager.getPwmList(); //List of all PWM portsPwm mPwm = manager.openPwm(portList.get(0));

open connection

mPwm.setPwmFrequencyHz(50); mPwm.setPwmDutyCycle(7.5);mPwm.setEnabled(true); //start pulsing

setup connection

Signal 5V

GND

50HZ , 7.5% -> Neutral position(90°)50HZ , 3.75% -> Min position (0°)50HZ , 11.25% -> Max position (180°)

Values for this servo

GPIO1

2 PWM

3 ANALOG

Analog Signal: • Hardware available only on Intel Edison Arduino

Breakout Board • Not supported yet on Android Things • For the moment use external analog-to-digital

converter (ADC)

PERIPHERAL I/O

mcp3008adc0832

GPIO1

2 PWM

3 ANALOG

ADC0832

• 2 channel Analog to digital converter

Start communication

Analog input

Power

Clock

Output

Channel selection

gpioD0.setDirection(Gpio.DIRECTION_IN); gpioD1.setDirection(Gpio.DIRECTION_OUT_INITIALLY_HIGH); gpioCLK.setDirection(Gpio.DIRECTION_OUT_INITIALLY_HIGH); gpioCS.setDirection(Gpio.DIRECTION_OUT_INITIALLY_HIGH);

open connectionsDRIVER ADC0832

for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { // Read 8 bits from ADC gpioCLK.setValue(true); //Clock signal gpioCLK.setValue(false); ad = ad << 1; boolean value = gpioD0.getValue(); if (value) ad |= 0x01; }

read the analog value

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { // Input MUX address if (i == 0 || i == 1 || channel == 1) gpioD1.setValue(true); else gpioD1.setValue(false); gpioCLK.setValue(true); //Clock signal gpioCLK.setValue(false); }

channel selection

allprojects {repositories {

...maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }

}}

root build.gradle

DRIVER ADC0832

dependencies {compile ‘com.github.User:Repo:Tag' //AVAILABLE SOON

}

add dependency

SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

PeripheralManagerService manager = new PeripheralManagerService();

List<String> mI2Cs = manager.getI2cBusList();

List<String> mUARTs = manager.getUartDeviceList();

List<String> mSPIs = manager.getSpiBusList();

• Synchronous, fixed clock speed, half-duplex, master-slave (SW), low boundrate

• Peripheral specs: addresses for all connected slave, addresses for all information, MSB only

• Connection: • Shared clock signal (SCL) • Shared data line (SDA) • Common ground reference (GND)

The world of addressesI2C

PeripheralManagerService manager = new PeripheralManagerService();

I2cDevice mI2C = manager.openI2cDevice(I2C_DEVICE_NAME, I2C_ADDRESS);

SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

byte value = mI2C.readRegByte(address);mI2C.writeRegByte(address, value);

byte[] data = new byte[3];mI2C.readRegBuffer(startAddress, data, data.length);mI2C.writeRegBuffer (startAddress, data, data.length)

read / write register

read / write buffer

read / write word

short value = mI2C.readRegWord(address); //2 byte Little EndianmI2C.writeRegWord(address, value);

System Management Bus (SMBus)

S slave address register address S slave address data[N] S

I2C SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

UART

• The simplest serial, often used for expansion boards or even home appliances, often for logging

• Description: point to point, asynchronous (no clock), full duplex • Peripheral specs: boundrate, parity bit, data size, stop bit • Interface: 3 basic wires TX, RX, GND + 2 optional wires:

request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS)

SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

PeripheralManagerService manager = new PeripheralManagerService();UartDevice mUart = manager.openUartDevice(UART_DEVICE_NAME);

mUart.setBaudrate(115200);

// 8N1mUart.setDataSize(8);mUart.setParity(UartDevice.PARITY_NONE); mUart.setStopBits(1);

//enable/disable HW flow controlmUart.setHardwareFlowControl(UartDevice.HW_FLOW_CONTROL_AUTO_RTSCTS);mUart.setHardwareFlowControl(UartDevice.HW_FLOW_CONTROL_NONE);

open connection

set configuration

UART SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

mUart.write(buffer, buffer.length);mUart.read(buffer, buffer.length))

send/read data

mUart.registerUartDeviceCallback(new UartDeviceCallback() { @Override public boolean onUartDeviceDataAvailable(UartDevice uart) { byte[] buffer = new byte[20]; int count; try { while ((count = uart.read(buffer, buffer.length)) > 0) { Log.d("TAG", "Read " + count + " bytes from peripheral"); } } catch (IOException e) { Log.d("TAG", "Unable to access UART device");} return true; // Continue listening for more interrupts } @Override public void onUartDeviceError(UartDevice uart, int error) { Log.d("TAG", "UART device error: " + error); } });

listening for data

UART SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

SERIAL COMMUNICATION - PRACTICE

I2C UART

USB

BMP280 TTL-USB converter Terminal

Logic Level Converter or jumper on Intel Edison Arduino Breakout board

Serial communication trick

• Full duplex, synchronous, master-slave (HW) • Params: Frequency, BPW, MSB/LSB, CLOCK mode • Connection:

• 2 Bus lines • Master Out Slave In (MOSI) • Master In Slave Out (MISO)

• Clock [CLK] • Slave selection pin [CS or SS]

SPI SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

// Shift data out to slavemSpi.write(buffer, buffer.length);

// Read the responsebyte[] response = new byte[32];mSpi.read(response, response.length);

byte[] response = new byte[buffer.length];mSpi.transfer(buffer, response, buffer.length);

half duplex

full duplex

mSpi.setMode(SpiDevice.MODE0); // MODE0 | MODE1 | MODE2 | MODE3mSpi.setFrequency(500000); // 500 KHzmSpi.setBitsPerWord(8); // 8 BPWmSpi.setBitJustification(false); // MSB first

set configuration

PeripheralManagerService manager = new PeripheralManagerService();mSpi = manager.openSpiDevice(SPI_DEVICE_NAME);

open connectionSPI SPI

1

2

I2C

3

UART

THE EQUATION OF FUN

+ +

=

+

BRICKPI3

• Raspberry Pi3 extension module that provides:• 4 Mindstorms NXT/EV3 Motor ports• 4 Mindstorms NXT/EV3 Sensor ports• Extra I2C sensor bus• SPI interface to Raspberry Pi3• Uniform request/response binary protocol• Seamless power management (internal, external,

both)

NEVER FORGET TO READ THE RELEASE NOTES!

NEVER FORGET TO READ THE RELEASE NOTES!

List<String> portList = mManager.getGpioList(); for (String gpioName: portList) { Gpio gpio; if (gpioName.equals("BCM4") || gpioName.equals("BCM5") || gpioName.equals("BCM6")) { gpio = mManager.openGpio(gpioName); gpio.setDirection(Gpio.DIRECTION_OUT_INITIALLY_LOW); gpio.setActiveType(Gpio.ACTIVE_HIGH); gpio.setValue(false); gpio.close(); } }

BRICKPI3 LOW LEVEL PROTOCOLREQUEST (NO RESPONSE)

TARGET DEVICE MESSAGE PARAM

0 0x01 1 byte optional

TARGET DEVICE MESSAGE PADDING PADDING CHECK RESPONSE PAYLOAD

0 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xA5N bytes according

to expected response length

TARGET DEVICE MESSAGE PARAM RESPONSE BUFFER

0 0x01 1 byte optional2+N bytes according

to expected response length

REQUEST (WITH RESPONSE)

RESPONSE

BRICKPI3 LOW LEVEL PROTOCOL

0x01 // target device 0x14 + portNumber // message “set sensor type” on porttype // sensor type

Example: 0x01 0x14 0x05 // set sensor type NXT TOUCH on port 0

SET SENSOR TYPE

BRICKPI3 LOW LEVEL PROTOCOL

0x01 // target device 0x18 + portNumber // message “read sensor data” on port0x00 0x00 // padding0x00 … 0x00 // expected response payload length

Example: 0x01 0x18 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 // read sensor on port 0

READ SENSOR DATA REQUEST

0x00 0x00 0x00 // header (?) 0xA5 // fourth byte must be 0x0A5 if message is valid0x** … 0x** // response payload

Example: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xA5 0x05 0x00 0x01 // touch sensor is pressed

READ SENSOR DATA RESPONSE

Message is valid

It is a touch sensorData sample is valid

Button is pressed

BRICKPI3 LOW LEVEL PROTOCOL

public void setSensorType(int port, int type) { byte[] request = { 0x01; // target device (byte) (0x14 + port), // message “set sensor type” (byte) (type) // sensor type }; mSpi.write(request, request.length); }

SET SENSOR TYPE

BRICKPI3 LIBRARY FOR ANDROID THINGS

BrickPi4 mBrick = BrickPi3.getInstance(); mBrick.open(); mBrick.setSensorType(BrickPi3.SENSOR_PORT.S4, BrickPi3.SENSOR_TYPE.NXT_TOUCH);

if (mBrick.isPressed(BrickPi3.SENSOR_PORT.S4)) { mBrick.setMotorSpeed(BrickPi3.MOTOR_PORT.A, (byte) 80); mBrick.setMotorSpeed(BrickPi3.MOTOR_PORT.D, (byte) 80);}

SET SENSOR TYPE, READ SENSOR DATA AND START MOTORS!

mBrick.setSensorType(BrickPi3.SENSOR_PORT.S1, BrickPi3.SENSOR_TYPE.EV3_ULTRASONIC_CM);

if (mBrick.getDistanceInCm(BrickPi3.SENSOR_PORT.S1) < 20) { mBrick.setMotorSpeed(BrickPi3.MOTOR_PORT.A, (byte) -60); mBrick.setMotorSpeed(BrickPi3.MOTOR_PORT.D, (byte) 60); // sleep while rover rotates…}

DEMO, PLEASE!

CONCLUSIONS

Android Things is for IoT what Android has been for mobile devices: power, richness, simplicity, full access to the cloud!

Android Things brings unexpected potential to developers, makers and enables the entire IoT industry with a powerful platform ready-to-run.

Looking forward to seeing “powered by “ logo in our next appliances!

RESOURCES

• Android Things• https://developer.android.com/things/index.html

• BrickPi3 Protocol• https://www.dexterindustries.com/BrickPi

• LEGO Mindstorms• https://www.lego.com/mindstorms/

• Link to source code will be added in the public version of this presentation

SPEAKERS

• Giovanni Di Gialluca• g.digialluca@reply.it• https://www.linkedin.com/in/giovanni-di-gialluca-9237a776

• Stefano Sanna• s.sanna@reply.it• @gerdavax• https://www.linkedin.com/in/gerdavax