and running 2015 - gbv

Up and Runningwith AutoCAD®

2015

2D and 3D Drawing and

Modeling

Elliot Gindis

ELSEVIER

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON

NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO

SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO

Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix

ABOUT THE AUTHOR xxi

PREFACE xxiii

LEVEL 1 • Chapters 1-10 1

CHAPTER 1 AutoCAD Fundamentals—Part 1 3

1.1 Introduction and Basic Commands 4

1.2 The AutoCAD Environment 5

1.3 Interacting with AutoCAD 9

Method 1. Type in the Commands on the Command Line 10

Method 2. Select the Commands from the Drop-Down Cascading Menus 10

Method 3. LIse Toolbar Icons to Activate the Commands 11

Method 4. Use the Ribbon tabs, Icons, and Menus 12

1.4 Practicing the Create Objects Commands 13

Line 14

Circle 15

Arc 16

Rectangle 18

1.5 View Objects 19

Zoom 19

Pan 19

Regen 20

1.6 Practicing the Edit/Modify Objects Commands 21

Erase 21

Move 21

Copy 22

Rotate 23

Scale 24

Trim 25

Extend 26

Offset 27

Mirror 28

Fillet 29

1.7 Selection Methods 30

1.8 Drawing Accuracy—Part 1 32

Ortho (F8) 32

1.9 Drawing Accuracy—Part 2 33

OSNAPs 33

1.10 OSNAP Drafting Settings •35

Summary 36

Review Questions37

Exercises 38

CHAPTER 2 AutoCAD Fundamentals—Part II 43

2.1 Grips 44

2.2 Units and Scale 45

2.3 Snap and Grid 46

lb Set Snap 46

lb Set Grid 47

2.4 Cartesian Coordinate System 47

2.5 Geometric Data Entry 48

Dynamic Input 48

Manual Input 50

2.6 Inquiry Commands 52

Area 53

Distance 54

List 54

ID 55

Radius and Angle 56

2.7 Additional Drafting Commands 56

Explode 57

Polygon 57

Ellipse 59

Chamfer 60

Templates 61

Limits 61

Save 62

Help files 62

Tangent OSNAP 66

Time 67

Summary 68

Review Questions 69

Exercises 70

SPOTLIGHT ON: ARCHITECTURE 75

CHAPTER 3 Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Properties 81

3.1 Introduction to Layers 82

What are Layers? 82

Why Use Them? 82

Creating and Deleting Layers 82

Making a Layer Current 83

Assigning Layer Colors 83

Layer Freeze/Thaw and On/Off 86

Layer Lock/Unlock 86

3.2 Introduction to Linetypes 87

3.3 Introduction to Properties 88

Properties Palette 89

Match Properties 90

Layers Toolbar 90

3.4 In-Class Drawing Project: Floor Plan Layout 91

Basic File Preparation 92

Starting the Floor Plan 93

Drawing the Inner Wall Geometry 94

Drawing the Doors and Windows 95

Summary 97

Review Questions 97

Exercises 98

CHAPTER 4 Text, Mtext, Editing, and Style 103

4.1 Introduction to Text and Mtext 104

4.2 Text 104

Editing Text 105

4.3 Mtext 106

Formatting Mtext 107

Ribbon Text Editing Ill

4.4 Style Ill

4.5 Spell Check 113

4.6 In-Class Drawing Project: Adding Text and Furniture to Floor Plan Layout 115

NEArest OSNAP 117

Summary 117

Review Questions 118

Exercises 118

CHAPTER 5 Hatch Patterns 125

5.1 introduction to Hatch 126

5.2 Hatch Procedures 127

Step 1. Pick the Hatch Pattern you Want to Use 127

Step 2. Indicate Where You want the Pattern To Go 128

Step 3. Fine-tune the Pattern by Adjusting Scale and Angle (If Necessary) 130

Step 4. Preview the Pattern and Accept it if OK 131

5.3 Working with Hatch Patterns 132

Exploding Hatch Patterns 132

Hatch Pattern Layers and Colors 132

Advanced Hatch Topics 133

5.4 Gradient and Solid Fill 135

Solid Fill 135

5.5 In-Class Drawing Project: Adding Hatch to Floor Plan Layout 137

Summary 139


Exercises •140

SPOTLIGHT ON: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 147

CHAPTER 6 Dimensions 151

6.1 Introduction to Dimensions 152

6.2 Types of Dimensions 152

Linear Dimensions 153

Aligned Dimension 154

Diameter Dimension 155

Radius Dimension 156

Angular Dimension 157

Continuous Dimensions 158

Baseline Dimensions 159

Leader and Multileader 160

Secondary Dimensions 164

6.3 Editing Dimensions 165

6.4 Customizing Dimensions 166

Dimstyle 166

6.5 In-Class Drawing Project: Adding Dimensions to Floor Plan Layout 171

Summary 172


Exercises 172

CHAPTER 7 Blocks, Wblocks, Dynamic Blocks, Groups, and Purge 179

7.1 Introduction to Blocks 180

Difference between Blocks and Wblocks 180

Creating a Block 180

7.2 Insert 183

7.3 Purge 184

7.4 Wblocks 185

Inserting Wblocks 186

7.5 Dynamic Blocks 186

7.6 Groups 191

Group QuickProperties 193

Summary 195


Exercises 196

CHAPTER 8 Polar, Rectangular, and Path Arrays 203

8.1 Polar Array 204

Steps in Creating a Polar Array 205

Additional Operations with Polar Array 206

Legacy Polar Array (pre-AutoCAD 2012) 209

8.2 Rectangular Array 209

Steps in Creating a Rectangular Array 210

Additional Operations with Rectangular Array 211

Legacy Rectangular Array (pre-AutoCAD 2012) 212

8.3 Path Array 213

Steps in Creating a Path Array 213

Additional Operations with Path Array 215

Path Array Editing 215

8.4 In-Class Drawing Project: Mechanical Device 216

Summary 220


Exercises 220

SPOTLIGHT ON: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 227

CHAPTER 9 Basic Printing and Output 231

9.1 Introduction to Printing and Plotting 232

9.2 The Essentials 232

What Printer or Plotter to Use 232

What Paper Size to Use 233

What Area to Plot 233

At What Scale to Plot 234

What Pen Settings to Use 234

What Orientation to Use 234

What Offset to Use 235

Miscellaneous 235

9.3 The Plot Dialog Box 235

Preview 236

9.4 Page Setup Manager 237

Summary 239Review Questions 239

Exercises 239

CHAPTER 10 Advanced Output—Paper Space 241

10.1 Introduction to Paper Space 242

What is Paper Space? 242

10.2 Paper Space Concepts 243

Layouts 243

Viewports 249

Scaling 252

Layers 255

Text and Dims 259

Annotation 262

Summary 264


Exercises 265

LEVEL 1 • Answers to Review Questions 267


CHAPTER 11 Advanced Linework 275

11.1 Introduction to Advanced Linework 276

11.2 Pline (Polyline) 276

Pedit 276

Exploding a Pline 278

Additional Pline Options 278

Boundary 279

11.3 Xline (Construction Line) 282

11.4 Ray 283

11.5 Spline 284

11.6 Mline (Multiline) 286

Modifying the Mline 287

Mlstyle (Multiline Style) 287

Mledit (Multiline Edit) 291

Other Mline Properties 292

11.7 Sketch 292

Applications of Sketch 294

11.8 Level 2 Drawing Project (1 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan 294

Summary 296


Exercises 297

CHAPTER 12 Advanced Layers 301

12.1 Introduction to Advanced Layers 302

12.2 Script Files 302

12.3 Layer State Manager 303

12.4 Layer Filtering 307


Summary 311


Exercises 312

SPOTLIGHT ON: INTERIOR DESIGN 313

CHAPTER 13 Advanced Dimensions 317

13.1 Introduction to Advanced Dimensions 318

13.2 Dimension Style Manager 318

Lines lab 319

Symbols and Arrows Tab 320

Text Tab 320

Fit Tab 322

Primary Units Tab 323

Alternate Units Tab 324

Tolerances Tab 325

13.3 Introduction to Constraints 327

13.4 Geometric Constraints 328

Types of Geometric Constraints 328

Adding Geometric Constraints 329

Hiding, Showing, and Deleting Geometric Constraints 330

13.5 Dimensional Constraints 331

Working with Dimensional Constraints 333

13.6 Dimension-Driven Design 334


Summary 336


Exercises 337

CHAPTER 14 Options, Shortcuts, CUI, Design Center, and Express Tools 339

14.1 Options 340

Files Tab 340

Display Tab 342

Open and Save Tab 344

Plot and Publish Tab 347

System Tab 349

User Preferences Tab 351

Drafting Tab 353

3D Modeling Tab 355

Selection Tab 355

Profiles Tab 357

OnlineTab 358

14.2 Shortcuts 358

PGP File 358

Altering the PGP File 359

14.3 Customize User Interface 360

14.4 Design Center 363

14.5 Express Tools 365

Blocks 368

Text 369

Layout Tools 370

Dimension 370

Selection Tools 370

Modify 370

Draw 371

FileTools 372

Web Tools 372

Tools 372

Layer Express Tools 373


Summary 377


Exercises 378

CHAPTER 15 Advanced Design and File Management Tools 379

15.1 Introduction to Advanced Design and File Management Tools 380

15.2 Align 381

15.3 Action Recording 382

15.4 Audit and Recover 384

15.5 Blend 386

15.6 Break and Join 386

Break, Method 1 387

Break, Method 2 387

Join 388

15.7 CAD Standards 389

15.8 Calculator 390

15.9 Defpoints 392

15.10 Divide and Point Style 392

15.11 Donut 393

15.12 Draw Order 394

15.13 eTransmit 394

15.14 Filter 397

15.15 Hyperlink 398

15.16 Lengthen 400

15.17 Object Snap Tracking (Otrack) 401

15.18 Overkill 402

15.19 Point and Node 403

15.20 Publish 403

15.21 Raster 404

15.22 Revcloud 405

15.23 Sheet Sets 406

15.24 Selection Methods 407

15.25 Stretch 411

15.26 System Variables 412

15.27 Tables 412

15.28 Tool Palette 414

15.29 UCS and Crosshair Rotation 415

Method 1 416

Method 2 418

15.30 Window Tiling 418

15.31 Wipeout 420


Summary 425


Exercises 426

SPOTLIGHT ON: CIVIL ENGINEERING 429

CHAPTER 16 Importing and Exporting Data 433

16.1 Introduction to Importing and Exporting Data 433

16.2 Importing and Exporting to and from MS Office Applications 434

Word into AutoCAD 434

AutoCAD into Word 435

Excel into AutoCAD 435

AutoCAD into Excel 436

PowerPoint into AutoCAD 436

AutoCAD into PowerPoint 436

16.3 Screen Shots 437

16.4 JPGs 437

16.5 PDFs 437

16.6 Other CAD Software 439

16.7 Exporting and the Save as Feature 441

16.8 Inserting and OLE 443


Summary 446


Exercises 446

CHAPTER 17 External References (Xrefs) 447

17.1 Introduction to Xrefs 448

What is an Xref 448

Why Do We Need an Xref? What is the Benefit? 448

17.2 Using Xrefs 449

17.3 Layers in Xrefs 452

17.4 Editing and Reloading Xrefs 452

17.5 Multiple Xrefs 455

17.6 Ribbon and Xrefs 456


Summary 457


Exercises 458

CHAPTER 18 Attributes 459

18.1 Introduction to Attributes 459

18.2 Creating the Design 460

18.3 Creating the Attribute Definitions 461

18.4 Creating the Attribute Block 463

18.5 Attribute Properties and Editing 464

Exploding Attributes 465

Inserting Attributes 465

18.6 Attribute Extraction 465

18.7 Invisible Attributes 470


Summary 472


Exercises 473

SPOTLIGHT ON: AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 475

CHAPTER19 Advanced Output and Pen Settings 479

19.1 Introduction to Advanced Output and Pen Settings 480

19.2 Setting Standards 480

19.3 The CTB File 481

19.4 Additional CTB File Features 485

19.5 Lineweight Settings 486


Summary 489


Exercises 490

CHAPTER 20 Isometric Drawing 491

20.1 Introduction to Isometric Perspective 492

Why Use Isometric Perspective Instead of 3D? 492

When Not to Use Isometric Perspective 492

20.2 Basic Technique 492

20.3 Ellipses in Isometric Drawing 495

20.4 Text and Dimensions in Isometric Drawing 496


Summary 501


Exercises 502



CHAPTER 21 3D Basics 517

21.1 Axes, Planes, and Faces 518

21.2 3D Workspaces, Ribbon, Toolbars, and 3D Options 519

21.3 Entering and Exiting 3D 520

21.4 Projecting Into 3D 524

Method 1 (New) 524

Method 2 (Classic) 525

21.5 3D Dynamic Views 530

21.6 Extrude 531

21.7 Visual Styles: Hide and Shade 532

21.8 Viewcube and Navigation Bar 536

Summary 539


Exercises 539

CHAPTER 22 Object Manipulation 543

22.1 Introduction to Object Manipulation > 544

Rotate3D 544

3Drotate (Gizmo) 545

Mirror3D 547

3Darray 549

3Dscale 552

3Dmove 553

Fillets and Chamfers in 3D 554

Summary557


Exercises 557

SPOTLIGHT ON: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 561

CHAPTER 23 Boolean Operations and Primitives 565

23.1 Introduction to Boolean Operations 566

Union 566

Subtract 567

Intersect 569

23.2 Introduction to Primitives 573

Box 574

Wedge 574

Cone 575

Sphere 575

Cylinder 576

Torus 577

Pyramid 577

23.3 Applying Primitives 578

Summary 578


Exercises 579

CHAPTER 24 Solid Modeling 583

24.1 Introduction to Solid Modeling 584

Revolve 584

Shell 588

Taper 590

Loft 593

Path Extrusion 598

Sweep 600

Summary 602


Exercises 603

CHAPTER 25 Advanced Solids, Faces, and Edges 607

25.1 Introduction to Advanced Solids, Faces, and Edges 608

Polysolid 608

Helix 610

3D Path Array 611

3Dalign 612

25.2 Working with Faces 614

Delete Faces 615

Move Faces 616

Copy Faces 617

Offset Faces 618

Rotate Faces 618

Color Faces 619

25.3 Working with Edges 620

Color Edges 620

Copy Edges 620

Helical Coil Explained 621

Summary 623


Exercises 624

SPOTLIGHT ON: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 629

CHAPTER 26 Surfaces and Meshes 633

26.1 Introduction to Surfaces and Meshes 63426.2 Surfacing Commands 634

Planar Surface 634

Region 636

Rulesurf 636Tabsurf 638

Revsurf 640

Edgesurf 641

3Dface and 3Dmesh 643

26.3 Smooth Mesh Primitives 644

Mesh Modification 1. Smoothness 646

Mesh Modification 2. Filters and Gizmos 646

Mesh Modification 3. Additional Tools 648

Summary 649


Exercises 650

CHAPTER 27 Slicing, Sectioning, Layouts, and Vports 655

27.1 Introduction to Slicing, Sectioning, Layouts, and Vports 656

27.2 Slicing and Sectioning 656

Slice 657

Section 658

27.3 Layouts and Details 659

VIEWBASE Establishes the Base (Parent) View 660

VIEWPROJ Establishes Additional Projections 662

VIEWSECTION Creates Section Views 663

V1EWDETA1L Creates Detail Views 664

Additional Layout Options 665

27.4 Flatten and Flatshot 666

Flatten 667

Flatshot 667

27.5 Vports 669

Summary 675


Exercise 675

CHAPTER 28 Advanced UCS, Views, Text, and Dimensions in 3D 679

28.1 Introduction to Advanced UCS, Views, Text, and Dimensions in 3D 680

28.2 Advanced UCS 680

UCS 681

World 681

LICS Previous 682

Face UCS 682

Object 682

View 683

Origin 683

Z-Axis Vector 684

3 Point 684

X, Y, and Z 686

Named UCS 686

28.3 Views and View Manager 687

28.4 Text and Dimensions in 3D 689

Summary 691


Exercises 691

SPOTLIGHT ON: DRAFTING, CAD MANAGEMENT, TEACHING, AND CONSULTING 695

CHAPTER 29 Dview, Camera, Walk and Fly, Path Animation 701

29.1 Dynamic View 702

Camera 703

Target 703

Distance 703

Points 704

Pan 705

Zoom 705

Twist 705

Clip 705

Hide 707

Off 707

Undo 707

29.2 Cameras 707

29.3 Walk and Fly 710

29.4 Path Animation 714

Summary 717


Exercise 717

CHAPTER 30 Lighting and Rendering 725

30.1 Introduction to Lighting and Rendering 726

30.2 Lighting 726

Point Light 727

Spotlight 730

Distant Light 732

Shadows, Sun, and Sky 733

30.3 Materials and Rendering 737

Materials 738

Rendering 740

Summary 744


Exercise 744


Appendices 753

APPENDIX A Additional Information on AutoCAD 755

Who Makes AutoCad? 755

What is AutoCAD LT? 755

How is AutoCad Purchased and How Much Does it Cost? 756

Are there Significant Differences Between Autocad Releases? 757

Is there an Autocad for the Mac? 757

A Brief History of Autodesk and AutoCAD 759

AutoCAD Releases 760

Major Autodesk Products 761

Autocad-Related Websites 762

APPENDIX B Other CAD Software Design and Analysis Tools and Concepts 765

Microstation 765

ArchiCAD 766

TurboCAD 766

Other Design Software 766

APPENDIX C File Extensions 771

Autocad Primary Extensions 771

Autocad Secondary Extensions 772

Miscellaneous Software Extensions 772

APPENDIX D Custom Linetypes and Hatch Patterns 773

Linetype Definitions (Basic) 773

Linetypes (String Complex and Shape Complex) 774

Hatch Pattern Definitions (Basic) 775

APPENDIX E Principles of CAD Management 777

Part 1. Know the Seven Golden Rules of AutoCAD 777

Part 2. Know the Capabilities and Limitations of AutoCAD 778

Part 3. Maintain an Office CAD Standard 780

Part 4. Be an Effective Teacher and Hiring Manager 781

Part 5. Stay Current and Competent 782

APPENDIX F AutoLISP Basics and Advanced Customization Tools 783

Overview 1. AutoLISP 783

Overview 2. Visual Lisp 783

Overview 3. VBA, .Net, Active X, and Objectarx 784

AutoLISP Fundamentals 784

Variables and Comments 787

Advanced Features and the Vlide Command 787

APPENDIX G PC Hardware, Printers/Plotters, Networks, and the Cloud 789

PC HARDWARE 789

Printers and Plotters 792

Networks 793

The Cloud 793

APPENDIX H What are Kernels? 795

APPENDIX I Lighting, Rendering, Effects, and Animation 797

APPENDIX J AutoCAD Certification Exams 799

APPENDIX K AutoCAD Employment 803

APPENDIX L AutoCAD Humor, Oddities, Quirks, and Easter Eggs 805

Oddities and Quirks 807

Easter Eggs 807

APPENDIX M The Future of AutoCAD 809

2D Design, AutoCAD, and Verticals 809

3D Design and Solid Modeling 810

Merging of Industries 810

Revit and BIM 811

The Future of AutoCAD 812

INDEX 813

and running 2015 - gbv

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