and johari minal mpob
TRANSCRIPT
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Palm oil and fractionsPalm oil and fractions
WAI-LIN, SIEW and JOHARI MINAL
MPOB
WAI-LIN, SIEW and JOHARI MINAL
MPOB
OFI Middle East 2007OFI Middle East 2007
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PALM OIL INDUSTRYPALM OIL INDUSTRY--RM31.8b, RM31.8b, PLANTED AREA 0F 4.17m hectares, PLANTED AREA 0F 4.17m hectares,
production of 15.9 m production of 15.9 m tonnestonnes oil.oil.
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Oil Palm BunchFruit spiklets
KernelsBunch weight 20-30 kg
Oil per bunch20-30%
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The PALM OIL optionThe PALM OIL option
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PALM OILPALM OIL-- A BALANCED A BALANCED OILOIL
•• 50% SATURATED50% SATURATED•• 50% UNSATURATED50% UNSATURATED
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Fractionation of palm oilFractionation of palm oil
PO
Ol 56St 33
Sp ol64-65Soft pmf
45
Hard Pmf 36
Mid ol54
POOl 62St 40
st25 pmf48
POSt 30-45 Ol 56-64
Hard st15-25
Sp ol63-70
Soft pmf42-50
Hard pmf34-42
Mid ol54-56
Source:Kellen, M,
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FameFame Palm Palm Super PalmPalm Palm Super PalmOil Oil Olein Olein OleinOlein StearinStearin
C12:0 0.2C12:0 0.2 0.20.2 0.3 0.10.3 0.1--0.30.3C14:0 1.1C14:0 1.1 1.11.1 1.01.0 1.11.1--1.71.7C16:0 44.0 40.9 35.4 49.8C16:0 44.0 40.9 35.4 49.8--68.168.1C18:0C18:0 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.94.5 4.2 3.8 3.9--5.65.6C18:1 39.2 41.5 45.1 20.C18:1 39.2 41.5 45.1 20.44--34.434.4C18:2C18:2 10.1 11.6 13.4 5.010.1 11.6 13.4 5.0--8.98.9C18:3 0.4 0.3 0.3 C18:3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.10.1--0.50.5C20:0 0.4 0.2 0.3 C20:0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.30.3--0.60.6
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PALM FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PALM OIL PRODUCTSOIL PRODUCTS
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Positional distribution of fatty acids in Positional distribution of fatty acids in palm oil and palm oleinpalm oil and palm olein
19.93.3
66.323.8
13.772.9
Palm oleinsn-2Position1,3
17.54.3
61.925.2
20.670.5
Palm oilsn -2Position 1,3
linoleicoleicSat FA
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Total and positional distribution ofTotal and positional distribution offatty acids in PMFfatty acids in PMF
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0102030405060708090
sat FA monounsaturated polyunsaturataed
type of fatty acids in sn2 postion
cont
ent o
f FA
olive oil
palm olein
palm oil
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Triacylglycerol composition of palm oilTriacylglycerol composition of palm oil
TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt% TAG wt%All 0 db 7.4 All 1 db 36.8 All 2 db 34 All 3 db 16.1 All>3 db 5.6PPP 5.1 MOP 0.9 POO 20.3 OOO 4.4 LOO 1.8PPSt 1.2 POP 23.7 StOO 2.4 POL 4.1 OLO 1.2PStP 0.3 POSt 5.7 OPO 1 PLO 5.6
PPO 4.4 PLP 6.5PStO 0.2 StLP 1.6
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TRIGLYCERIDES OF PALM OIL TRIGLYCERIDES OF PALM OIL PRODUCTS(C No.)PRODUCTS(C No.)
C. No Palm Palm Super Palm C. No Palm Palm Super Palm Oil Oil Olein Olein OleinOlein StearinStearin
C46C46 0.80.8 0.80.8 0.20.2 3.13.1C48C48 7.4 7.4 3.33.3 1.9 23.71.9 23.7C50C50 42.642.6 39.539.5 30.8 40.330.8 40.3C52C52 40.540.5 42.742.7 53.4 25.353.4 25.3C54C54 8.88.8 12.8 13.6 6.912.8 13.6 6.9C56C56 -- 0.70.7 0.2 0.50.2 0.5
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Two important physical Two important physical properties of palm oilproperties of palm oil
( ./0 �*+ 1 �� " 1 2" 1 (
� .34 5�6 /( 4
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5 15 25 35 T/C5 15 25 35 T/C
Palm oilPalm oil
oleinolein
stearinstearin
Hpo(43)Hpo(43)
Hard stearinHard stearin
shorteningshortening
10 10
3030
5050
7070
9090
Solid fat contents of palm oil productsSolid fat contents of palm oil products
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Morphology of CrystalsMorphology of Crystals
αααααααα SmallSmall
ββββββββ’’ Small, Small, ≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈5 5 µµµµµµµµm, needlem, needle--likelike
ββββββββ large, course, as large as 50 large, course, as large as 50 µµµµµµµµm orm ormore, dense, flatmore, dense, flat
ββββββββ’’ TENDINGTENDING
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TWO TYPES
• IV 56 – 60
• IV >60
TWO TYPES
• IV 56 – 60
• IV >60
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Fatty acid composition(wt%) of palm olein
Fatty acid composition(wt%) of palm olein
IV C14 C16 C18 C18-1 C18-2
<60 1.0 37.9 4.1 43.4 12.5
60-64 1.0 34.8 3.8 45.5 14.2
>65 1.0 30.8 3.6 47.9 15.4
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58 60 62 64 66 6858 60 62 64 66 6822
44
66
IODINE VALUESIODINE VALUES
CLOUD PT (C)CLOUD PT (C)
Super oleinSuper olein
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58 60 62 64 58 60 62 64 66 6866 68IODINE VALUEIODINE VALUE
00
2020
4040
6060
SFC AT 2.5 AND 5CSFC AT 2.5 AND 5C
Super oleinSuper olein
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SFC of palm oil and oleinsSFC of palm oil and oleins
SFC of palm oil and olein
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
temperature C
SF
C %
palm oil
palm olein
super olein
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Typical specifications of palm Typical specifications of palm olein for snack food fryingolein for snack food frying
� FFA <0.05%� PV <1� M&I <0.1%� COLOUR <3R� FLAVOUR BLAND� SMOKE POINT 220-240C
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15 - 3718:1
3 - 1018:2
4 - 618:0
47 - 7416:0
Range(wt%)Fatty acids
Fatty Acid Composition ofPalm Stearins
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SFC of palm stearinsSFC of palm stearinsSFC of palm stearins
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
temperature C
SF
C %
Palm stearin
PMF hardPMF soft
Hard Stearin
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PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTIONPROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION
Fatty Acid Composition (%)Fatty Acid Composition (%)C12C12 0.10.1C14C14 0.80.8C16C16 56.656.6C18C18 4.14.1C18:1C18:1 34.434.4C18:2C18:2 3.73.7C20C20 0.30.3
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C NOC NO %%
C46C46 1.11.1C48C48 5.55.5C50C50 76.176.1C52C52 16.416.4C54C54 1.01.0
TRIGLYCERIDETRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION OF COMPOSITION OF PMFPMF
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PROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTIONPROPERTIES OF PALM MID FRACTION
Iodine valueIodine value 34.634.6Slip melting pointSlip melting point 33.533.5°°CC
Solid fat content Solid fat content °°CC1010 90901515 85852020 80802525 63633030 42423535 334040 00
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TOCOPHEROLS/ TOCOTRIENOLS TOCOPHEROLS/ TOCOTRIENOLS IN OILSIN OILS
TOCOPHEROLTOCOPHEROL-- RICHED RICHED
SOY, CORN SOY, CORN COTTONSEED, COTTONSEED, SUNFLOWER, SUNFLOWER, RAPESEEDRAPESEED
TOCOTRIENOLTOCOTRIENOL--RICHEDRICHED
PALM,PALM,WHEATGERM, WHEATGERM, RICEBRANRICEBRAN
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1 � �6 25 .( 71 � 1 5/2" .( �1 � �6 25 .( 71 � 1 5/2" .( �/" ��+ .4 � /.��5 0 8 �1 (/" ��+ .4 � /.��5 0 8 �1 (
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αααααααα--tocopheroltocopherol 21.521.5ββββββββ--tocopheroltocopherol 3.73.7γγγγγγγγ --tocopheroltocopherol 3.23.2δδδδδδδδ--tocopherol 1.6tocopherol 1.6
αααααααα --tocotrienoltocotrienol 7.37.3ββββββββ--tocotrienoltocotrienol 7.37.3γγγγγγγγ --tocotrienoltocotrienol 43.743.7δδδδδδδδ--tocotrienoltocotrienol 11.711.7
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Scavengers of free radicals
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CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN CAROTENOID COMPOSITION IN CRUDE PALM OILCRUDE PALM OIL
TYPETYPE %%
PHYTOENEPHYTOENE 1.31.3ββββββββ CAROTENE CAROTENE 5656αααααααα CAROTENECAROTENE 3535LYCOPENELYCOPENE 1.31.3OTHERSOTHERS 6.46.4
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Novel palm productsNovel palm products--nutroleinnutrolein� + ��������������9������)�<������������
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400 525 800
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Why choose palm oil?Why choose palm oil?� Price consideration� Functionality� Trans-free formulations� Stability� Consistent supply� Healthy, natural oil� Contains vitamin E, sterols, � Unique in composition� Variety of products
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