ancilliary equipment (2)

7/31/2019 Ancilliary Equipment (2)

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Development of Ancillary PowerDevelopment of Ancillary Power

market & Exchangesmarket & Exchanges

AndAnd

Guidelines for Short-term PowerGuidelines for Short-term Powerprocurementprocurement

NPTI 10TH BATCHT & D presentation

GROUP 24

Presented By:Debasish Pal (77)

Md Imtiyaz Perwaiz (84)Mohit Shrivastava (85)

Ratanjeet Singh (96)


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Ancillary meansAncillary means

Providing necessary support to the primaryProviding necessary support to the primaryactivities or operation of an organization,activities or operation of an organization,

institution, industry or system.institution, industry or system.


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Basic/ System ServicesBasic/ System Services System or Basic services are the services such as generation,System or Basic services are the services such as generation,

transmission and distribution of power which are delivered totransmission and distribution of power which are delivered to

all the users connected to the system.all the users connected to the system. Ancillary ServicesAncillary Services Ancillary services are those functions performed to support theAncillary services are those functions performed to support the

basic services of generation, transmission, energy supply andbasic services of generation, transmission, energy supply and

power delivery. Ancillary services are required for the reliablepower delivery. Ancillary services are required for the reliable

operation of the power system.operation of the power system.


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50Hz

49.3

Hz


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Primary frequency controlPrimary frequency control is a local automatic controlis a local automatic controlwhich adjusts the active power generation of generating unitswhich adjusts the active power generation of generating units

and consumption of controllable loads to check the deviationand consumption of controllable loads to check the deviation

in frequencyin frequencySecondary frequency controlSecondary frequency control is a centralized automaticis a centralized automatic

control that adjusts the active power production of thecontrol that adjusts the active power production of the

generating units to restore the frequency and the interchangesgenerating units to restore the frequency and the interchanges

with other systems to their target values following anwith other systems to their target values following animbalance.imbalance.

Tertiary frequency controlTertiary frequency controlrefers to manual changes inrefers to manual changes in

the despatching and commitment of generating unitsthe despatching and commitment of generating units ..


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Spinning Reserves/ Reliability ReservesSpinning Reserves/ Reliability Reserves --This includes generating units which are capable of beingThis includes generating units which are capable of being

fully available of responding nearly instantaneouslyfully available of responding nearly instantaneously

Supplementary Reserves-Supplementary Reserves-This reserve might beThis reserve might beprovided by generating units on hot standby also.provided by generating units on hot standby also.

Backup reserves - These are reserves that can stay inThese are reserves that can stay in

service for a considerable period after they are calledservice for a considerable period after they are calledupon (in the range of hours), but that are not expected toupon (in the range of hours), but that are not expected to

come on line for sometime (typically, 30 minutes orcome on line for sometime (typically, 30 minutes or

more).more).


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System voltage is the other benchmarkSystem voltage is the other benchmark

parameter for power quality. Voltage in powerparameter for power quality. Voltage in power

system is controlled by controlling the reactivesystem is controlled by controlling the reactive

power injection and drawl. Flows in thepower injection and drawl. Flows in the

network create voltage increases and dropsnetwork create voltage increases and drops

that are the result of interactions betweenthat are the result of interactions between

flows and the inductance and capacitance offlows and the inductance and capacitance ofeach line or transformer.each line or transformer.


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Voltage supply to equipments must be within its designVoltage supply to equipments must be within its designlimits for safe operation and good performance.limits for safe operation and good performance.

Change in voltages changes the reactive power flow inChange in voltages changes the reactive power flow in

the system which in turn has an effect on the systemthe system which in turn has an effect on the systemlosses.losses.

Voltages might also limit the transfer capability of theVoltages might also limit the transfer capability of the

system.system.

Injection and absorption of reactive power is alsoInjection and absorption of reactive power is also

required to maintain system stability, in particular torequired to maintain system stability, in particular to

protect against contingencies that could lead to voltageprotect against contingencies that could lead to voltage

collapse.collapse.


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1.1. Primary voltage controlPrimary voltage controlis a local automatic control thatis a local automatic control thatmaintains the voltage at a given bus (at the generating bus) at its setmaintains the voltage at a given bus (at the generating bus) at its set

point. Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) fulfills this task. Otherpoint. Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) fulfills this task. Other

controllable devices, such as static voltage compensators(SVC), cancontrollable devices, such as static voltage compensators(SVC), can

also participate in this primary voltage controlalso participate in this primary voltage control..

22.. Secondary voltage controlSecondary voltage control is a centralized automaticis a centralized automaticcontrol that coordinates the actions of local regulators in order tocontrol that coordinates the actions of local regulators in order to

manage the injection of reactive power within a regional powermanage the injection of reactive power within a regional power

system.system.

3.3. Tertiary voltage controlTertiary voltage control refers to the manual optimizationrefers to the manual optimizationof reactive power flows across the power systemof reactive power flows across the power system


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Frequency Profile-The permissible frequency bandThe permissible frequency bandas per the Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) is 49.7-as per the Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) is 49.7-

50.2 Hz.50.2 Hz.

Voltage Profile-Voltage Profile-Extreme environmental conditionExtreme environmental conditionvarying from foggy cold winter to extremely hotvarying from foggy cold winter to extremely hot

summer and wide fluctuation in hydro-thermalsummer and wide fluctuation in hydro-thermalgeneration mix reflects in the form of wide fluctuationgeneration mix reflects in the form of wide fluctuation

in system voltage profilein system voltage profile


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Availability Based tariff (ABT)Availability Based tariff (ABT)

Regulatory initiativesRegulatory initiatives

Reactive power managementReactive power management-shunt reactor switching-shunt reactor switching

-shunt capacitor switching-shunt capacitor switching

-transformer tap co-ordination-transformer tap co-ordination-switching of transmission lines-switching of transmission lines

-synchronous condenser mode-synchronous condenser mode


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Availability based tariff (ABT) mechanismAvailability based tariff (ABT) mechanism

provides frequency linked incentives/penaltiesprovides frequency linked incentives/penalties

to beneficiaries/suppliers. In the ABT, a twoto beneficiaries/suppliers. In the ABT, a two

part tariff is supplemented with a charge forpart tariff is supplemented with a charge for

unscheduled interchange (UI) for the supplyunscheduled interchange (UI) for the supply

and consumption of energy in variation fromand consumption of energy in variation from

the pre-committed daily schedule andthe pre-committed daily schedule anddepending on grid frequency at that point ofdepending on grid frequency at that point of

time.time.


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According to Indian Electricity Grid CodeAccording to Indian Electricity Grid Code

(IEGC) prepared by CERC,(IEGC) prepared by CERC, (i) beneficiaries pays for VAr drawal when voltage is(i) beneficiaries pays for VAr drawal when voltage is

below 97% at point of drawal,below 97% at point of drawal,

(ii) beneficiaries pays for VAr return when voltage is(ii) beneficiaries pays for VAr return when voltage is

above 103% at point of return,above 103% at point of return,

(iii) beneficiaries gets paid for VAr return when voltage(iii) beneficiaries gets paid for VAr return when voltageis below 97% at point of return,is below 97% at point of return,

(iv) beneficiaries gets paid for VAr drawal when voltage(iv) beneficiaries gets paid for VAr drawal when voltage

is above 103% at point of drawal.is above 103% at point of drawal.


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