ancient palestine from alexander the great to herod the great
TRANSCRIPT
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Ancient Palestine
From Alexander the Great to Herod the Great
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• Main Geographical areas of Palestine– Galilee– Samaria– Judea
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• Main topographical areas of Israel-Palestine– Coastal plain– Central hill country – Shephelah– Jordan Valley– Transjordan Plateau– Negeb
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• Persians invaded Greek territories– Philip of Macedon rallied the Greek armies– His son, Alexander the Great, pushed the
Persians back and recaptured the Greek territory
– Alexander continued pursuing the Persians– Invaded
- Palestine - Egypt- Syria - Persia- Went as far as the Indus river – - Died on the trip home (323 B.C.)
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• Territories were divided among Alexander’s 3 generals– Ptolemy– Seleucus– Antigonus– They fought over control of Palestine and
further East
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• Palestine was controlled by Seleucus
• Antiochus Epiphanes IV (175 B.C.)– Ruled Palestine & other areas
• Forced many to worship of Zeus – Outlawed worship of Jewish God– Forbade circumcision– Built altar to Zeus in Jewish Temple– Offered a pig in the Jewish Temple
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• The Hasmonean family (166 – 163 B.C.)– Rebelled – refused to sacrifice to Zeus– Mattathias (a priest) led his sons – he soon
died• Judas “the hammer” (Maccabeus) became the
leader – brothers helped: Simon, Jonathan
– Recaptured Temple 164 B.C. (Kislev 25)• Time of celebration, rededication of Temple – 8
days• “Festival of Dedication” – Hanukkah
– Continued rebellion until regained freedom
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• Jonathan then Simon later became the political rulers in Palestine
• Simon’s descendants ruled over the next century
• Much internal turmoil – religious and political. – Almost resulted in civil war
• Jewish leaders asked Rome for help– They sent Pompey to take control – 63 B.C.
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• Pompey ruled through the Maccabees for a while, but they were not good rulers
• He appointed Antipater, an Idumean, as ethnarch of Palestine
• In time his son, Herod, became ruler – Rome gave him the title King
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• Herod the Great– Harsh ruler
• Killed the remaining Maccabean descendants• Killed any he thought might try to take his power,
including his wife and son.• Had male infants killed in Bethlehem area when he
heard a new king had been born
– “the Great?”• Great builder – many projects, Caesarea,
Herodium, Masada• Kept the peace
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Harbor at Caesarea
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Stadium at Caesarea
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Herodium
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Herod’s Palace at Herodium
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Masada
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Masada
www.Bibleplaces.com
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Three levels at Masada
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Buildings at Masada
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Synagogue at Masada
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Plastered walls (Frescos) at Masada
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Roman camp viewed from Masada
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Roman camp
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• 3 of Herod’s sons wanted to rule Palestine
• Rome divided it among them– Archeleaus – Idumea, Judea, Samaria– Antipas – Galilee, Perea– Philip – Batanaea, Trachonitis, Auranitis
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