ancient india- indus - lcps.org · pdf filegovernment of ancient indus. 1) no evidence of a...
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Ancient India- Indus
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What is a subcontinent?1. a large,
distinguishable part of a continent
2. The Indian Subcontinent is separated from the rest of Asia because of the Himalayan Mountains.
Geography
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Monsoons affect India1. Seasonal winds, bring either dry air or heavy rains
Geography
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Environmental Challenges 1) floods – unpredictable, Indus and Ganges Rivers2) monsoons – seasonal dry/wet winds extreme
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Environmental ChallengesNatural Barriers for the Indian Subcontinent?1) Himalayan mountains to the north2) Thar Desert to the west
a. (modern day Pakistan and Afghanistan)3)Indian Ocean to the south
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Complex Institution: Government of Ancient Indus1) No evidence of a single ruler,
but must have had a centralized government
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Complex Institution: Religion of Ancient Indus1) Polytheistic – connection to modern day Hinduism and their Gods,
a) theocracy- priests head of religion & governmentin Indus
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Specialized Workers-Economy• Trade- we know they
had specialized workers, therefore must have had an agricultural surplus.
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Examples:Harappamodern day Punjab, Pakistan
Mohenjo-daroSindh, Pakistan
Kalibangana pre-historic site in Northwest India
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Advanced Cities1) Center of trade2) city planning – streets are perpendicular, grid system,& parallel3) Uniform housing4) Drainage system that lead out to the Rivers5) Citadel
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What is a Citadel?A fortified area, which contained
the major buildings of the city.
Advanced Cities
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Society1) No social class or division–no difference between the peoples2) Peaceful society – no weapons
Technology 3) Seals/ Stamps- trade with other civilizationsincluding Sumerians.4) Seal/Stamps were carved in clay.5) Children’s Toys and games- prosperous societythat could afford goods.6) Public wells , advanced drainage, & irrigation system
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Record Keeping: 1) Language and writing system, but there is no translation tool like the Rosetta Stone.
Do not know how Indus civilization ended.
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•Stop
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Geography• India is a
subcontinent separated from Northern Asia by the Hindu Kush, Karakorum & Himalayan mountains.
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• Mountains: protect Indus Valley from invasion
• Indus & Ganges Rivers: provide fertile silt for farming.
• Monsoons- seasonal winds: control India’s climate. Cause flooding or droughts
Geography
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Indus Valley Civilization
(2500 – 1500 BCE)
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Indus Valley Civilizations
• 2500 BCE- Earliest cities were built in Indus Valley–Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro. &
Harappa are largest.
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Harappa• Sophisticated city planning. Had:
– Citadel- fortified area which contained major buildings.
– Precise grid– Standard sized bricks– Plumbing and sewage system– Built on platforms to protect it from flooding
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Harappa
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Government• The extensive planning and uniformity in
construction suggests that Harappa had a strong central government.
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Culture
• Harappa culture developed a written language–It has not been deciphered–Inscriptions have been found on stamps and
seals. –Made up of 400 symbols.
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Let’s See
• Ted Talk: Indus Language
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwYxHPXIaao
• Crash Course
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM
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Seals from Harappa
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Culture continued…
• Clay and wooden toys were found
• Few weapons have been found
• Many animal images
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Religion
• Archeologists think it was a theocracy.• No temples have been found• Gods- Shiva (major Hindu god) & a mother
goddess.
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Economy
• Traded with people in northern Afghanistan, Persia, and Mesopotamia –Traded brightly colored cotton for
gold, silver, jewels, copper.• Farming: grew wheat, barley,
melons, dates
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Decline 1750 BCE
• Tectonic plates shifted causing:–Earthquakes, floods and altered the course of the
Indus River–Agriculture was depleted from this and overuse.
• Nomadic invaders then overran Indus valley