ancient egypt. a map of ancient egypt i.stability a.nile river - dependable, predictable 1.upper...
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I. Stability A. Nile river - dependable, predictable
1. Upper Egypt - narrow valley2. Lower Egypt - Delta plain 3. Referred to as the “Bringer of all
Good”.B. Strong Government = UnificationC. Long Term Civilization: 31
dynasties (ruling families) covering 2000 years
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
1. Old, Middle and New Kingdoms - periods of greatest unity and prosperity
a. Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BC)
• The Pyramid Age
• Crop failures, taxes, oppression Pharaohs lost power
• Tomb raiding
b. Middle Kingdom (2050-1652 BC)• Thebes new capital• Pharaohs power revived• Welfare of lower classes• First Bureaucracy:
administrators and officials with regular procedures.
• Joseph• Semite invasion
c. New Kingdom (1567-1085 BC) • Threw out Semites• Series of Pharaohs:
Amenhotep, King Tutd. Between them came the
"intermediate periods" and then the "post-empire" period• Hyksos invaded during this
time. Ruled for 100 years. • Extraordinary long-term
continuity of civilization
II. Explanation
A. “Where do I fit in????” social classes
1. god-king - power symbolized by pyramids (Old Kingdom)
2. nobility: vizier, chief judge, superintendent of public works
3. priests
4. merchants
5. artisans
6. farmers (who also served in the army)
B. Family relationships: marriage, children. 1. monogamy (for women) 2. importance of family unit 3. relationship of family to production of wealth 4. adultery punishable, (women with noses cut
off) 5. some divorces available
C. Importance of "being in one's place" D. Less emphasis on individual than order and
harmony of the group
E. Religion 1. Importance of nature
a. need for rain, floods, water, sun for agriculture
b. sat skeletons at the table at celebrations: the passing of time, life
2. Polytheistic 3. RE : Chief God of the Sun4. Pharaoh Worship (at times) 5. legal codes
a. anything "unnatural" was therefore wrongb. Social order and values
III. InventionA. Art and Architecture: Stability of styles
1. links between Nature and Humanity (ala Spinx, animal Gods, etc.)
B. MummificationC. Great pyramidsD. 365 Day Calendar and Leap Year E. Organized labor F. Hieroglyphics as an early system of writing G. Sails
Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.Queen Tiye,
wife of Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.