Ancient AsiaAncient Asia

Ancient IndiaAncient IndiaGeographyGeography Himalayas separate India Himalayas separate India

and Chinaand China Hindu Kush Mountains do Hindu Kush Mountains do

not provide complete not provide complete isolation because of isolation because of mountain passesmountain passes

MonsoonsMonsoons (seasonal (seasonal winds that bring rain) winds that bring rain) drenching the western drenching the western coastcoast

2 River Valleys2 River ValleysIndusIndusGangesGanges

Ancient IndiaAncient India

While Egypt were building pyramids, India were While Egypt were building pyramids, India were planning cities along the planning cities along the Indus RiverIndus River HarappaHarappa Mohenjo-DaroMohenjo-Daro

Ancient India and Sumer Ancient India and Sumer

Both shared the Both shared the flooding of their riversflooding of their rivers

Both traded with each Both traded with each other around the time other around the time of Sargon of Akkadof Sargon of Akkad

Both had polytheistic Both had polytheistic religionsreligions

Ancient India CitiesAncient India Cities

Fortified wallsFortified walls

Very gridlike layout of citiesVery gridlike layout of cities

Created by oven-baked bricksCreated by oven-baked bricks

Plumbing systems rivaling 19Plumbing systems rivaling 19thth century cities century cities

Ancient IndiaAncient India

Early civilization on the Indus River Early civilization on the Indus River eventually ended and no one knows whyeventually ended and no one knows why

Could be a war, but no damageCould be a war, but no damage

River could move, but parts of cities still River could move, but parts of cities still therethere

People could have wore out the land, but People could have wore out the land, but no proofno proof

AryansAryans

AryansAryans

A group of Indo-Europeans called Aryans A group of Indo-Europeans called Aryans invaded India by the use of the Khyber Passinvaded India by the use of the Khyber Pass

Destroyer EmpireDestroyer Empire

AryansAryans

Sacred literature is the Sacred literature is the VedasVedas Bible of the AryansBible of the Aryans Originally orally passed Originally orally passed

downdown 4 collections of prayers, 4 collections of prayers,

magical spells, and magical spells, and instructions of ritualsinstructions of rituals

Rig VedaRig Veda most most important (1028 hymns)important (1028 hymns)

Aryans start gameAryans start gameCaste SystemCaste System- social class structure- social class structure Determines role in societyDetermines role in society Permanent member of that castePermanent member of that caste Cannot move up from your casteCannot move up from your caste

4 classes4 classes Top is Priests (Top is Priests (BrahminsBrahmins)) Second is Rulers and Warriors (Kshatriyas)Second is Rulers and Warriors (Kshatriyas) Third is Peasants and Traders (Vaishyas)Third is Peasants and Traders (Vaishyas) Last is Laborers (Shudras)Last is Laborers (Shudras)

Untouchables outside of casteUntouchables outside of caste Their touch would endanger the Hindus (pariah)Their touch would endanger the Hindus (pariah)

AryansAryans

Literature Literature MahabharataMahabharata Famous hero was Famous hero was

KrishnaKrishna 106,000 verses= 106,000 verses=

longestlongest single poem single poem Never written down for Never written down for

hundreds of yearshundreds of years

EpicsEpics-moral story-moral story

Written in Written in SanskritSanskrit

Aryans ReligionAryans Religion

HinduismHinduism

Oldest Religion and polytheisticOldest Religion and polytheistic

Bible is the Bible is the Vedas Vedas

UpanishadsUpanishads written later to help explain written later to help explain VedasVedas

AryansAryans

3 gods and you get to choose which you worship3 gods and you get to choose which you worship Brahma (creator)Brahma (creator) Vishnu (protector)Vishnu (protector) Shiva (destroyer)Shiva (destroyer)

AryansAryansReincarnation or rebirth of the soulReincarnation or rebirth of the soul

Karma-total good or bad deeds in your lifetimeKarma-total good or bad deeds in your lifetime

Decides where you go in your next lifeDecides where you go in your next life

AryansAryans

Once you discover the perfect Once you discover the perfect understanding they will be released from understanding they will be released from lifelife

AryansAryans

JainismJainism

Founded by MahaviraFounded by Mahavira

Everything has a soul and should not be Everything has a soul and should not be harmed=nonviolenceharmed=nonviolence

Sweep ants off the path and wear masks Sweep ants off the path and wear masks so not to accidentally swallow insectsso not to accidentally swallow insects

Tolerant of other religions, so not many Tolerant of other religions, so not many convertsconverts

AryansAryans

BuddhismBuddhism

Created by Created by Siddhartha Gautama Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)(Buddha)

ProphecyProphecy Travel= spiritual leaderTravel= spiritual leader Do not travel= great Do not travel= great

kingking

AryansAryans

Goal-Reach enlightenment (wisdom)Goal-Reach enlightenment (wisdom)

Know Know 4 Noble Truths4 Noble Truths Everything in life is suffering and sorrowEverything in life is suffering and sorrow Cause of suffering is people’s desire for Cause of suffering is people’s desire for

temporary pleasuretemporary pleasure Way to end suffering is to end desireWay to end suffering is to end desire To overcome desire follow the Eightfold PathTo overcome desire follow the Eightfold Path

Follow the Eightfold Path to reach Follow the Eightfold Path to reach Nirvana Nirvana (release of selfishness and pain)(release of selfishness and pain)

AryansAryans

Believed in reincarnation and cycle worldBelieved in reincarnation and cycle world

Women could be Buddhists, but Buddha Women could be Buddhists, but Buddha feared women’s presence would distract feared women’s presence would distract the menthe men

ChinaChina

China China

GeographyGeographySurrounded by the HimalayasSurrounded by the HimalayasGobi DesertGobi DesertPacific OceanPacific Ocean

Civilization started on the Huang He Civilization started on the Huang He (Yellow) River(Yellow) River

ChinaChinaXia is a mythical dynasty under Yu who Xia is a mythical dynasty under Yu who controlled floodingcontrolled flooding No records exists of this dynastyNo records exists of this dynasty

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty was the 1 was the 1stst dynasty dynasty recordedrecorded

Anyang, a wooden city, with huge walls Anyang, a wooden city, with huge walls was the capitalwas the capital

ChinaChina

SocialSocial

Family was most important in Chinese Family was most important in Chinese societysociety

Elder men controlled family lifeElder men controlled family life

Girls have arranged marriages at 13-16Girls have arranged marriages at 13-16

Spirits of their ancestors helped or Spirits of their ancestors helped or hindered the family depending on how hindered the family depending on how much you respect themmuch you respect them

ChinaChinaWritingWriting

11stst Writing was carving on bones or Writing was carving on bones or tortoise shellstortoise shells

Later Chinese writing started using Later Chinese writing started using characters for ideas (one could read characters for ideas (one could read Chinese and not speak it)=10,000 Chinese and not speak it)=10,000 characterscharacters

ChinaChina

TechnologyTechnology

Shang had bronze for tools and weaponsShang had bronze for tools and weapons

Shang also made silkShang also made silk

ChinaChina

Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty took over from the Shang took over from the Shang

Started the Started the Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven (divine (divine approval for just Chinese rulers)approval for just Chinese rulers)

Dynastic CycleDynastic Cycle formed-rise, decline, and formed-rise, decline, and replacement of Chinese dynastiesreplacement of Chinese dynasties

ChinaChina

Zhou also created iron, however their Zhou also created iron, however their weak government led to a period of weak government led to a period of warring stateswarring states

ChinaChina

For 500 years the For 500 years the people of China were people of China were fighting for control of fighting for control of the empirethe empire

Qin DynastyQin Dynasty under under Shi HuangdiShi Huangdi (first (first emperor) emperor) reconquered Chinareconquered China

ChinaChina

With executions, uprooting of noble With executions, uprooting of noble families Shi Huangdi unified Chinafamilies Shi Huangdi unified China

Started Started autocracy autocracy (government where (government where ruler has unlimited power and uses it)ruler has unlimited power and uses it)

He started road and irrigation building He started road and irrigation building using peasantsusing peasants

ChinaChina

He also built the He also built the Great WallGreat Wall to protect China to protect China from invaders from the north (1400 miles long)from invaders from the north (1400 miles long)

ChinaChina

Shi Huangdi died and the Qin dynasty with himShi Huangdi died and the Qin dynasty with him

ChinaChina

Yin and YangYin and Yang

Two opposite forces that compliment each other Two opposite forces that compliment each other

ChinaChina

Scholar Scholar ConfuciusConfucius urged harmony during urged harmony during the warring yearsthe warring years

He started He started Confucianism which Confucianism which is a social orderis a social order

ChinaChina

ConfucianismConfucianismTalks about the 5 relationshipsTalks about the 5 relationships Ruler and subjectRuler and subject Father and sonFather and son Husband and wifeHusband and wife Older brother and younger brotherOlder brother and younger brother Friend and friendFriend and friend

Told how to govern wiselyTold how to govern wiselyHis lessons were put in His lessons were put in Analects Analects by his by his studentsstudents

ChinaChina

Started bureaucracy (trained civil service)Started bureaucracy (trained civil service)

Education was very importantEducation was very important

ChinaChina

DaoismDaoism

Created by Laozi who wrote Created by Laozi who wrote The Way of The Way of VirtueVirtue

His belief was “the Way” guides all thingsHis belief was “the Way” guides all things

No right or wrong, good or bad because No right or wrong, good or bad because those arguments are pointlessthose arguments are pointless

Nature has no right or wrong=follow natureNature has no right or wrong=follow nature

Many are scientistsMany are scientists

ChinaChina

LegalismLegalism

Highly efficient and powerful governmentHighly efficient and powerful government

Use punishment to enforce lawsUse punishment to enforce laws

Burn books that tell people to criticize the Burn books that tell people to criticize the government government