Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Health professionals speak a foreign language—medical terminology

By the end of this course you will understand anatomy, physiology, disease, and be fluent in the language—YAY!!!

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Human anatomy and physiology (A & P) form the foundation for all medical practice

You have to know the body and how it works to be able to fix it!!!

Medical treatment attempts to bring the body’s structure and function back to homeostasis

This is why we go to the doctor!!!

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Etiology: cause of the disease Epidemiology: study of the

transmission, frequency of occurrence, distribution, and control of a disease

What causes the common cold? How is it spread from person to person? What can we do to stop it from spreading?

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Idiopathic diseases: those for which the cause cannot be determined

Infectious diseases: caused by infection from a pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi, etc.)

Contagious diseases: readily transmitted from contact with one person to another ◦ Tracked by Center for Disease Control (CDC)

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Endemic: diseases that occur in specific populations or regions

Epidemic: when diseases occur in large numbers over a specific region

Pandemic: when diseases spread country to country or worldwide

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Word roots: basic parts (foundation) of medical terms

Prefixes: word parts that come before the root

Suffixes: word parts that come after the root

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Symptoms: subjective indicators of illness that are perceived only by the patient ◦ Examples: pain, dizziness, itchiness

Syndrome: a specific grouping of signs and symptoms related to a specific disease◦ Example: Down Syndrome’s signs and symptoms

include sloping forehead, low set ears, short broad hands, mild-to-moderate mental retardation, and often, cardiac disease

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Diagnosis: identification of disease determined by studying patient’s signs, symptoms, history, and results of diagnostic tests ◦ Can change and is not permanent!

Prognosis: prediction about outcome of a disease

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Acute conditions: rapid onset of signs and symptoms. Ex: Myocardial Infarction

Chronic conditions: gradual onset of symptoms over a long period of timeEx: Diabetes

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Remission: period of time when signs and symptoms of chronic disease disappear

Relapse: recurrence of a disease Exacerbation: “flare-up” of signs and

symptoms Terminal disease: one with a

prognosis of death

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Vectors: when disease/pathogen is spread by insect, or other non-human animal◦ Biological vector: infected insect spreads

infection to person (example: malaria)◦ Mechanical vector: organism present on

surface of insect is spread to person (example: a fly that lands on cow feces, and then on a person’s food)

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Contact transmission◦ Direct contact: person becomes sick due to

direct contact with a contagious body fluid ◦ Indirect contact: person becomes sick due to

contact with a contaminated object (example: catching the flu by picking up germs from a doorknob)

Airborne spread: when pathogen spread through the air

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Inflammatory response – occurs whenever body tissues are injured◦ Possible triggers: physical injury, intense

heat, chemical irritation, reaction to invading germs

◦ Signs and symptoms: redness, increased temperature at affected site, swelling (edema), pain

◦ Has protective function: Isolates injured area, increases blood flow, especially white blood cells

Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease, Revised First EditionBruce J. Colbert, Jeff E. Ankney, and Karen T. Lee

Universal Precautions: set of standard actions/procedures designed to prevent transmission of disease between patient and health care provider ◦ Based on assumption that every person could

have some kind of communicable disease◦ Includes use of gloves, gowns, goggles, masks,

and other protective equipment in appropriate situations