Anatomy & Physiology

Chapter 14 Vocab ReviewPart B

• System that processes food into absorbable units and eliminates indigestible wastes.

• Digestive System

• Literally, double sugar; e.g., sucrose, lactose.

• Disaccharide

• A pouch or sac in the walls of a hollow organ or structure.

• Diverticulum

• First part of the small intestine.

• Duodenum

• Metabolic pathway within the mitochondria in which energy harvested from high-energy hydrogen atoms is used to make ATP. Final delivery of H to molecular oxygen produces water.

• Electron Transport Chain

• The hard, calcified substance that covers the crown of a tooth.

• Enamel

• A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.

• Enzyme

• Linear chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (hydrocarbon chains) with an organic acid group at one end.

• Fatty Acids

• Material discharged from the bowel; composed of food residue, secretions, bacteria.

• Feces

• Base of an organ; that part farthest from the opening of the organ.

• Fundus

• Sac beneath the right lobe of the liver used for bile storage.

• Gall Bladder

• Hormone secreted in the stomach; regulates gastric juice secretion by stimulating HCL production.

• Gastrin

• The gums.

• Gingiva

• Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules.

• Gluconeogenesis

• Principal blood sugar; a hexose.

• Glucose

• A modified simple sugar (a sugar alcohol).

• Glycerol

• Formation of glycogen from glucose.

• Glycogenesis

• Breakdown of glycogen to glucose.

• Glycogenolysis

• Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid; an anaerobic process.

• Glycolysis

• Individual cells (unicellular glands) that produce mucus.

• Goblet Cells