anatomy & physiology 1; chapter 9 the nervous system flashcards _ quizlet

9/27/2015 Anatomy & Physiology 1; Chapter 9 the Nervous System flashcards | Quizlet

https://quizlet.com/24441072/anatomychapter9thenervoussystemflashcards/ 1/7

Anatomy & Physiology 1; Chapter 9 the

Nervous System 61 terms by ghrusso3

Like this study set? Create a free account to save it.Create a free account

2 major categories of human nervoussystem

Central Nervous System - CNSPeripheral Nervous System - PNS

2 components of the central nervoussystem

Brain Spinal cord

3 functions of the nervous system Sensory FunctionIntegrative FunctionMotor Function

Sensory Function of the nervoussystem

Gathers internal & externalenvironmental information

Integrative Function of the nervoussystem

Makes the decision as to what needs tobe done. "thinking".

Motor Function of the nervous system Effects a change to maintainhomeostasis

Neurons Nervous tissues cells that transmitnerve impulses (messages)

https://quizlet.com/ghrusso3



3 parts of a neuron Dendrite - transmit nerve impulsestoward the cell bodyCell BodyAxon - transmit nerve impulses awayfrom the cell body

4 Types of Neurons SAME* SensoryAfferentMotorEfferent

Sensory Neurons Afferent neurons carry information tothe CNS

Motor Neurons Efferent neurons carry informationaway from the CNS

Interneurons Association neurons carry informationbetween neurons

3 processes / phases in conduction ofnerve impluse

Polarization - resting phaseDepolarization - action phaseRepolarization - return to resting phase

Difference between white and greymatter tissue within the CNS

- the neurons of white matter havemyelin sheaths - the neurons of of grey matter don'thave myelin sheaths

The Axons of long nerves are covered in fatty myelin sheathswhich increase the speed oftransmission of a nerve impulse.

neuroglia or glial cells nervous tissue cell that do not transmitnerve impulses, but support protectinsulate and nourish neurons

5 types of Neuroglia microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes,ependymal cells, and schwann cells

Microglia Phagocytosis of pathogens andremoval of debris

Ependymal Cells type of neuroglial cell found in theventricles, circulate cerebrospinal fluid



Astrocytes support cells holding neurons andblood vessels close together

Oligodendrocytes produces myelin sheath in CNS

Schwann Cells forms myelin sheath in PNS

4 structures that protect the centralnervous system

Bone - (brain and vertebral column)The MeningesCerebrospinal FluidThe Blood-Brain Barrier

3 meninges dura mater - outermostarachnoid mater - middle pia mater - innermost

sub-arachnoid space the cerebrospinal fluid circulatesbetween the pia mater and thearachnoid

3 functions of the spinal cord ~Pathway for sensory informationtraveling from the periphery to thebrain.~Pathway for motor informationtraveling from the brain to theperiphery ~Acts as a major reflex center

Ascending Tracts Nerve tracts of the spinal cord carryingsensory information up the spinal cordto the brain.

Dorsal Horns where sensory nerve impulses enterthe spinal cord

Descending Tracts Carry nerve impulses away from thebrain.

Ventral Horns where motor impulses exit the spinalcord

peripheral nervous system all the nerves located outside thecentral nervous system; connects thecentral nervous system to all parts ofthe body

# Pairs of spinal nerves 31 pairs that arise from the spinal cord



# Pairs of cranial nerves 12 pairs of cranial nerves - sensory,motor and mixed

Dermatomes Distinct regions of the skin supplied bya single nerve

Components of a Reflex Arc ~Receptor - detects stimulus ~Sensory neuron -transmits nerveimpulses towards the CNS~Integration center- within the spinalcord ~Motor neuron- transmits nerveimpulses away from the CNS~Effector- muscles or glands outsidethe CNS that carries out a response

4 Parts of the Brain Brain StemCerebellumDiencephalonCerebrum

Cerebrum largest part of the brain that controlsthe senses and thinking

Gyri Elevated portions of the folds of thecerebral cortex

Sulci Small grooves within cerebral cortex

Longitudinal Fissure Deep groove running from the front tothe back of the brain, separating thetwo different hemispheres

Corpus Collosum connects the left & right hemispheresof the brain

4 lobes of the brain frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Frontal Lobe The lobe of the brain primary motorarea, personality, behavior, judgementand emotions, memory storage,thinking. smell, speech

Parietal Lobe The lobe of the brain primary sensoryarea



Occipital Lobe The lobe primary visual receiving andintegration area

Temporal Lobe The lode hearing taste languagecomprehension, integration ofemotions.

Functions of the Cerebellum ~ Coordinate skeletal muscle activity ~ Maintains balance (equilibrium) ~Maintains muscle tone and controlspostural muscles

3 Parts of the Brain Stem Midbrain - reflexes center for visionand hearingPons - regulation of breathing rate andrhythm Medulla Oblongata - controls heartrate, blood pressure and respiration,Vital Center

4 parts of the Diencephalon thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal body,pituitary gland

Function of the Thalamus Collect, Sort, and Direct sensoryimpulses to particular areas of thebrain

Function of the Hypothalamus Maintains Homeostasis by regulatingthe autonomic nervous system.Contains the body temperature center,thirst center, hunger center, and wake-up / sleep center and controls most ofthe endocrine system due tocontrolling the pituitary gland

Division of the Peripheral NervousSystem

Somatic Nervous System & AutonomicNervous System

Somatic Nervous System division of the peripheral nervoussystem that its motor function gives usvoluntary control skeletal muscle. Itssensory function allows it to experiencethe general senses; pain touchpressure cold heat and proprioception



Autonomic Nervous System division of the peripheral nervous thatis composed of nerves that transmitimpulses to organs, involuntarysmooth muscle, glands. Its sensoryfunction is to gather information abouthomeostasis

Division of the Autonomic NervousSystem

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Sympathetic Nervous System the division of the Autonomic NervousSystem that is activated during times ofphysical activity or stress. - Fight orFlight

Parasympathetic Nervous System the division of the Autonomic NervousSystem that is responsible for bringingyour body back to homeostasis and ismost active during quiet, non-stressfulconditions - Rest and Digestion.

Functions Cranial Nerves - Transmit Sensory Impulses for thespecial senses: smell, taste vision, andhearing- Transmit General Sensory Impulses:touch, pressure, pain, temperature.and vibration- Transmit Somatic Motor Impulses:results in voluntary muscle movements- Transmit Visceral Motor Impulses thatresults in secretion by glands and thecontraction of cardiac and smoothmuscle



12 Cranial Nerves - Olfactory Nerve - (1) sensory fibers forthe sense of smell-Optic Nerve (2) - sensory fiber for thesense of vision- Trigeminal Nerve (5) - motor fibers forchewing / sensory for facial - Facial Nerve (7) - motor fibers forfacial expression lacrimal and salivaryglands / sensory fibers for taste- Vestibulocochlear Nerve (8) - sensoryfibers for hearing and balance- Glossopharyngeal nerve (9) - motorfibers control swallowing and saliva /sensory fibers for taste- Vagus Nerve ( 10) - motor fiberscontrol muscle of the throat / larynxand controls muscles of abdominal(digestive) organs - Accessory Nerve (11) - motor fiberscontrol muscle movements of thetongue- Hypoglossal (12) - motor fiberscontrols movements of the tongue - Occulomotor (3) - Trochlear (4) andAbducens (6) control the movement ofthe eyes.

Trigeminal Nerve controls the muscles involved inchewing "chew trident gum"

Vagus Nerve controls the organs of digestion "eatand digest a buffet meal in Vegas"

anatomy & physiology 1; chapter 9 the nervous system flashcards _ quizlet

Documents